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1
Sutliffe, Jay T., Julia C. Gardner, Michelle M. Gorman, et al. "Impact of a 6-Month Micronutrient-Dense Plant-Rich Nutrition Intervention on Health and Well-Being at the Worksite." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2609516.
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This nonrandomized pilot study utilized the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior to assess the effectiveness of perceived behavioral control to determine the impact of a micronutrient-dense plant-rich (mNDPR) dietary intervention on employee health and wellness at the worksite. Seventy-one employees and/or spouses (≥18 years) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from a regional medical center and a local university. Participants were provided more than 14 hours of in-person lecture combined with take-home materials, and electronic resources to support participants in their transition and adherence to the dietary plan. The study consisted of a 6-hour introductory session followed by weekly 1-hour meetings for 7 consecutive weeks and then monthly 1-hour meetings, for 4 consecutive months over the span of 6 months. Retention of participants was approximately 55 percent. Participants were assessed for measures of weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure; physiological measures of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c; and well-being measures of gastroesophageal reflux disease, depression, sleep, pain, and worksite productivity, pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. A significant reduction was seen in weight (F(2, 78) = 19.81, p<0.001) with a mean reduction of 6.65 lb., waist circumference (F(2, 72) = 40.914, p<0.001) with a mean reduction of 2.8 inches, total cholesterol (F(2, 70) = 19.09, p<0.001) with a mean reduction of 17.81 mg/dL, HDL (F(2, 70) = 4.005, p=0.023) with a mean reduction of 3.61 mg/dL, LDL (F(2, 56) = 10.087, p<0.001) with a mean reduction of 13.1 mg/dL, blood glucose (F(2, 70) = 6.995, p=0.002) with a mean reduction of 3.7 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c (paired samples t (39) = 2.689, p=0.01) with a mean reduction of 0.118%, GERD (F(2, 72) = 7.940, p=0.001, MSE = 4.225) with a mean reduction of 1.4, depressive symptoms as measured by the PHQ 9 (F(2, 72) = 10.062, p<0.001, MSE = 5.174) with a mean reduction of 2.0, and an improvement in sleep quality was seen as measured by the PSQI (F(2, 74) = 11.047, p<0.001, MSE = 2.269) with a mean improvement of 1.3. In most cases, improvement occurred across the first two time periods and then leveled off. Blood pressure, triglycerides, pain measurements, and WPAI did not change over time. Effect sizes for significant pairwise comparisons indicated medium to large effects of practical significance. This intervention was therefore effective at improving employee health and well-being. Widespread worksite implementation should be considered to improve the overall wellness of employees.
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Groce, Kaylyn, Jennifer J. Tucker, Katie Mason, Landon Marks, and Mary K. Mullenix. "99 Managing alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures in the Southeastern U.S. to establish livestock grazing recommendations." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.078.
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Abstract Recently there has been interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem stability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has been focused on management and production of stored forages (i.e. dry hay/baleage), and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It has been noted that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency of newly established alfalfa interseeded into an existing bermudagrass stand, and begin to develop grazing recommendations for management of these mixtures. In 2018, 36 alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama (Crossville, Shorter) and Georgia (Watkinsville, Tifton), using a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 wk) and harvest height (2, 4, 6 inches), and plots were evaluated for their influence on sward yield, persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. In Georgia, the ‘Bulldog 805’ treatment harvested every 6 weeks at 6 inches had the greatest yield on average (2,453 kg/ha), while ‘Bulldog 505’ treatment harvested every 2 weeks at 6 inches had the lowest yield on average (382 kg/ha) during the 2018 growing season. Additionally, botanical compositions showed that the 6 week, 4-inch had the greatest proportion of alfalfa throughout the growing season, while alfalfa proportions decreased across the growing season in the 2 week, 2-inch harvest treatment. This study is supported by funding from the USDANIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017)
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Sarmiento, Mauricio J., and Jeff S. Kuehny. "Efficacy of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin4+7 on Growth and Flowering of Three Curcuma Species." HortTechnology 13, no. 3 (2003): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.3.0493.
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Rhizomes of Curcuma alismatifolia Roxb. `Chiang Mai Pink', C. gracillima Roxb. `Violet', and C. thorelii Roxb. were soaked in gibberellin (GA4+7) at 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg·L-1 (ppm) and planted into 15.2-cm-diameter (6 inches) containers. The plants were grown in a greenhouse at 30 °C day/23 °C night (86.0/73.4 °F) temperatures. When shoot height was 10 cm (3.9 inches), the plants were drenched with 118 mL (3.9 fl oz) of paclobutrazol at 0, 2, 3, or 4 mg a.i. per 15.2-cm-diameter container. Gibberellin4+7 delayed shoot emergence and fl owering but did not affect the fl ower number. Paclobutrazol rates were not effective in controlling height of C. alismatifolia `Chiang Mai Pink' averaging 85 cm (33.5 inches), C. gracillima `Violet' averaging 25 cm (9.8 inches), or C. thorelii averaging 17 cm (6.7 inches). Curcuma alismatifolia `Chiang Mai Pink', C. gracillima `Violet', and C. thorelii had postproduction longevities of 4.6, 2.6 and 3.8 weeks respectively, making these three species of curcuma excellent candidates for use as fl owering pot plants.
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Harris, J. Roger, Alex Niemiera, Jody Fanelli, and Robert Wright. "Root Pruning Pin Oak Liners Affects Growth and Root Morphology." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (2001): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.49.
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Two experiments tested the effects of root pruning on growth during first-season production of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.). Experiment one tested the effect of root pruning developing radicles at 5, 10, or 15 cm (2, 4, or 6 inches) below the substrate surface. After 11 weeks, total root length was not affected by root pruning, but root-pruned seedlings had more main lateral [>2-mm (0.08-inch) diameter] roots than those that were not root pruned. Shallow pruning increased the number of main lateral roots. Experiment two tested the effect of initially producing plants in different-depth bottomless containers [5, 10, 15, or 20-cm (2, 4, 6, or 8-inch) depth] on growth after transplanting to #2 [6 L (1.6 gal)] containers. Shoot and root growth in #2 containers were lowest when plants were originally produced in 5-cm-deep containers. Plants with the greatest height and highest root:shoot ratios were obtained when plants were grown initially in 10-cm-deep containers. Predicted optimum depth of bottomless containers from regression equations ranged from 11.3 cm (4.5 inches) to 14.2 cm (5.5 inches) for the different growth parameters measured. The importance of these findings are: Pruning developing radicles of pin oak seedlings increases the number of main lateral roots but not overall root length. Growers can maximize growth in #2 containers by initially growing in 10-cm-deep bottomless containers before transplanting to #2 containers.
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Herbert, D. A. "Evaluation of Granular Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.224.
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Abstract Efficacy of granular insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury in Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 11 May with 36-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractormounted Noble granular applicator. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting, 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
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Santos, Bielinski M., Joan A. Dusky, William M. Stall, Donn G. Shilling, and Thomas A. Bewick. "Effects of Phosphorus Fertility Regimes and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Removal Times on Lettuce Yields." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 431B—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.431b.
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The effects of different smooth pigweed and common purslane removal times and two phosphorus (P) fertility regimes were studied under field conditions. Head lettuce (cv. South Bay) in organic soils low in P fertility. Smooth pigweed and common purslane were grown at a density of 16 plants per 6 m of row (5.4 m2) and five removal times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) after lettuce emergence. Phosphorus (P) was applied broadcast (1200 kg P/ha) and banded 2 inches below each lettuce row (600 kg P/ha). Lettuce fresh weights were collected 8 weeks after emergence. When smooth pigweed was removed after 4 weeks, significant reductions (–17%) were observed for P banding. However, these reductions occurred after 2 weeks if P was broadcast. No significant differences were observed if removal was imposed later for P broadcast, whereas lettuce yields gradually decreased as removal time was delayed. These findings indicate that P banding can counteract the negative impact of smooth pigweed on lettuce and may allow farmers to delay weed control (if necessary) for another 2 weeks without significant yield reductions. Common purslane interference did not cause significant lettuce yield reductions as compared to the weed-free control for 6 weeks when P was banded, whereas this was true for P broadcast up to 4 weeks. Phosphorus fertility regime significantly influenced the period of weed interference of common purslane with lettuce, reducing its impact when P was banded.
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Herbert, D. A. "Effects of Insecticides, with and Without Vapam, on Thrips Injury and Peanut Growth and Yield, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.223.
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Abstract Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without fumigation with Vapam, was evaluated against TT injury and for effects on growth and yield of Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 9 May with 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator. Liquids were applied using a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre at 24 psi through 1 SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction. Vapam (metam-sodium) at the rate of 10 gal per acre was applied two weeks before planting 6 to 8 inches below the soil surface with a single chisel shank centered over each in front of a Tilrowvator with Virginia-type bedshapers. Beds were 24 inches wide and 4 inches tall. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = no TT injured leaves and 10 = 100 percent injured leaves. Flower, peg and plant canopy measurements were taken in the 2 center rows of each plot. Flowers were counted on 6 or 80 row feet (depending on the sample date); pegs were counted on 2 or 6 row feet (depending on the sample date); and terminal leader height and lateral branch width were measured on five randomly selected plants. Yield was based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows (60 row ft) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
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Santos, Bielinski M., James P. Gilreath, Camille E. Esmel, and Myriam N. Siham. "Effects of Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Time of Establishment on Their Distance of Influence on Bell Pepper." HortTechnology 17, no. 3 (2007): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.3.305.
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Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) time of establishment on their distance of influence on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). A single seedling of each weed species was transplanted 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after transplanting (WAT) bell pepper. Each weed was separately established in the center of plots within double rows of bell peppers. Crop height and yield were determined from bell pepper plants located at 6, 13.4, 24.7, and 36.5 inches away from each weed. Bell pepper height was unaffected by weed species, time of establishment, or the interaction between these factors. Marketable yield data indicate that yellow nutsedge was more aggressive than purple nutsedge interfering with bell pepper. When yellow nutsedge was established at 1 WAT, bell pepper yield reduction was between 57% and 32% for plants at 6 and 13.4 inches away from the weed respectively, which represents a density of ≈0.14 plant/ft2. One purple nutsedge plant growing since 1 WAT at 6 inches along the row from two bell pepper plants (0.43 plant/ft2) produced a yield reduction of 31%. These results indicate that low nutsedge densities, which are commonly believed to be unimportant, can cause significant bell pepper yield reductions.
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Santos, Bielinski M., John W. Scott, and Maricruz Ramírez-Sánchez. "In-row Distances and Nitrogen Fertilization Programs for ‘Tasti-Lee’ Specialty Tomato." HortTechnology 20, no. 3 (2010): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.3.579.
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‘Tasti-Lee’™ (‘Fla. 8153’) is the first tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) released in Florida exclusively for the premium specialty market, with characteristic superior flavor and elevated lycopene concentration. Research was conducted to determine the appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization and in-row distances for ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato and thus improving the opportunities for successful adoption for this cultivar. Three N fertilization programs and two in-row distances were tested. Total N rates (204, 239, and 274 lb/acre) were the result of the combination of 50 lb/acre of N during prebedding plus each of the following drip-applied N fertilization programs: 1) 1.5 and 2.0 lb/acre per day from 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively; 2) 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT; and 3) 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively. In-row distances were 18 or 24 inches between plants, providing 5808 and 4356 plants/acre. Early and total marketable yields of ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato were influenced by in-row distances and N fertilization programs, but not by their interaction. The highest early marketable fruit yield was found in plots treated with the highest N rate among fertilization programs (+6%), and in plots planted 18 inches apart (+7%) in comparison with the lowest N rate and the 24-inch spacing. Tomato plots treated with the highest N rate (274 lb/acre) resulted in the largest total marketable yield (+8%). Among the in-row distances, when plants were transplanted 18 inches apart, tomato total marketable yield increased by 18% compared with 24 inches between plants.
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Abdollahi, M. R., and V. Ravindran. "Influence of pellet length changes at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age and two pellet diameters on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers." Animal Production Science 54, no. 7 (2014): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13162.
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A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to evaluate the effects of two pellet diameters and four pellet length–week combinations on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers (days 22 to 42). A broiler finisher diet based on wheat and soybean meal was formulated. Pelleted diets were manufactured in four different sizes: (i) 3 mm diameter (D3) and 7 mm length (L7), (ii) D3, 9 mm length (L9), (iii) 4.76 mm diameter (D4.76), L7, (iv) D4.76, L9. The four pellet sizes were then used to develop eight feeding treatments: (i) D3 and L7 pellets during weeks 4, 5, and 6 (L777); (ii) D3 and L7 during weeks 4 and 5, and L9 during week 6 (L779); (iii) D3 and L7 during week 4, and L9 during weeks 5 and 6 (L799); (iv) D3 and L9 during weeks 4, 5, and 6 (L999); (v) D4.76 and L7 during weeks 4, 5 and 6 (L777); (vi) D4.76 and L7 during weeks 4 and 5, and L9 during week 6 (L779); (vii) D4.76 and L7 during week 4, and L9 during weeks 5 and 6 (L799); (viii) D4.76 and L9 during weeks 4, 5, and 6 (L999). Increasing the pellet length from 7 to 9 mm increased pellet hardness at both pellet diameters and improved the pellet durability index in D3 pellets but had no effect in D4.76 pellets. Over the whole trial period (days 22–42), birds fed D3 pellets were heavier and had lower feed per gain and higher carcass yield than those fed D4.76 pellets. Feeding length–week combination L999 resulted in lower carcass yield than L777, L779, and L799. Overall, it is concluded that whilst broiler finishers express a preference for a smaller pellet diameter, there is no negative effect of pellet length (up to 9 mm) on performance parameters even when offered as early as day 21.
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Olson, S. M., and Salvadore J. Locascio. "INFLUENCE OF TRANSPLANT AGE AND CONTAINER SIZE ON BROCCOLI PRODUCTION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1120b—1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1120b.
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Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of transplant age and container size on `Green Duke' broccoli production. Transplant ages (weeks from seeding) were 3, 4, and 5 weeks in Exp. A, 4, 5, and 6 weeks in Exps. B and D and 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks in Exp. C. Cell sizes were 2.0 cm (width) × 3.2 cm deep (2.0 cm), 2.5 cm × 7.2 cm deep (2.5 cm), and 3.8 cm × 6.4 cm deep (3.8 cm) with each transplant age. With the smallest container size (2.0 cm), yields were significantly lower in 3 of 4 experiments as compared to the 3.8 cm container size. In 2 of 4 experiments, yields were lower with the 2 cm size as compared to the 2.8 cm container size. In Exps. A and B transplant age did not influence yield, but use of the oldest transplants in Exp. C resulted in reduced yields while use of the oldest transplants in Exp. D resulted in the highest yields Generally, head weights followed similar patterns to the yields.
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Pallez, Laurence C., John M. Dole, and Brian E. Whipker. "Production and Postproduction Studies with Potted Sunflowers." HortTechnology 12, no. 2 (2002): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.2.206.
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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) has potential as a potted flowering plant due to short crop time, ease of propagation, and attractive flowers but postharvest life is short and plants can grow too tall. Days from sowing to anthesis differed significantly among six sunflower cultivars and ranged from 52 days for `Big Smile' to 86 days for `Elf' and `Pacino.' Height ranged from 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) for `Big Smile' to 14.9 inches (37.8 cm) for `Pacino', postproduction life ranged from 10 days for `Elf' and `Pacino' to 15 days for `Big Smile', and postproduction chlorosis ratings (1 to 5, with 5 the least) ranged from 5.0 for `Teddy Bear' to 4.4 for `Big Smile' after 5 days and 4.2 for `Teddy Bear' to 3.1 for `Sunspot' after 10 days. Promalin (a gibberellin and benzyladenine mixture) applied at 62.5 to 500 ppm (mg·L-1) was not commercially useful in extending postproduction life. Increasing pot size from 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) in diameter decreased postproduction life and plants in 5-inch-diameter (13 cm) pots were tallest. Pots with three plants flowered more quickly than those with one or five plants and pots with five plants had 1 day shorter postharvest life than those with one or three pots. All cultivars were facultative short-day plants, except for `Sundance Kid', which was day neutral. Storing potted sunflowers at 41 °F (5 °C) for 1 week did not reduce postproduction life, which was 11 to 12 d; however, 2 weeks of cold storage resulted in foliar damage. Three cultivars were found to be most suitable for pot production, `Elf', `Pacino' and `Teddy Bear', with one or three plants per 6-inch pot and sprayed with daminozide (B-Nine) at 8,000 ppm, or drenched with paclobutrazol (Bonzi) at 2 mg/pot (a.i.) (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz).
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Miles, C. A. "429 Production of Fresh Baby Corn." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 518C—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.518c.
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Fresh baby corn is an ideal niche market crop. It is easy to produce and is growing in popularity in the U.S. In 1997 and 1998, we tested 10 corn varieties to determine suitability for fresh baby-corn production in western Washington. By harvesting ears 1 to 3 days after silk emergence, baby corn can be produced from many common sweet corn varieties, including `Kandy King', `Bodacious', `Tendertreat', and `Custer'. Ear quality characteristics such as length, width, and kernel size and appearance of these common sweet corn varieties were as good as for the variety Baby Corn, a specialty variety produced exclusively for baby corn. The corn variety GH2283, produced in the U.S. for sale of seed to Asia for baby-corn production, produced the best-quality baby corn ears in our trial. Using an in-row spacing of 2 inches, ears of baby corn can be harvested for 4 to 6 weeks, depending on variety, from a single planting. Market criteria for baby corn are 2 to 4 inches long and 1/3 to 2/3 inch in diameter at the butt end. Delaying harvest of sweet corn varieties for 3 days resulted in ears that were too large for baby corn. Field corn varieties in this trial required close monitoring to meet size criteria and delaying harvest 1 to 2 days resulted in ears that were too large. Harvest of baby corn is all by hand and height of the ear on the plant significantly affects ease of harvest, where dwarf varieties are the least easy to harvest.
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Stansly, P. A., and J. M. Conner. "Control of Fall Armyworm and Corn Earworm with Chemical and Biological Insecticides in Florida Sweet Corn, Fall 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (1996): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.113.
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Abstract The efficacy of azadirachtin formulations alone and in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, two formulations of cyhalothrin, and Lannate were compared. Six polyethylene-mulched beds 32 inches wide configured in 2 sets of 3 on 6 ft centers separated by a 15 ft drive middle were planted on 29 Aug in double rows 12 inches between rows and plants. The center bed was used as an untreated source of inoculum and the remaining beds divided into 33 ft plots and assigned treatments in a RCBD with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Whorls of all plants were inoculated with 1-2 neonate fall armyworm larvae on 5 Oct using a bazooka gun and Grito-O-Cobs at 24-4O mesh. Treatments were applied weekly for 6 weeks beginning 7 Oct using a high clearance sprayer configured with 1 overhead nozzle per row equipped with a diaphragm pump operating at 200 psi and calibrated to delivery 21 gpa at 2.5 mph. APSA 80 was tank mixed with Karate and Lannate treatments at 5 oz/100 gallon. The dispersants Petro and Morwet were added to 25% of the spray water at a rate of 0.38 gram of 3% microencapsulated azadirachtin (WRC7305) and mixed for 3 minutes before adding remaining water containing the adjuvant B-1956 at 2 oz/gal. Feeding on inner 3 whorl leaves or tassel was rated weekly for 16 plants on a scale of 1 to 6 corresponding to 0, &gt;1%, 2-5%, 6-10%, 11-30%, and &gt;30% damage respectively. The same 16 plants per plot were harvested twice and number and ears evaluated for weight and marketability. Culls were evaluated as to cause of damage and larvae identified and counted. In addition, 10 stalks from each plot were opened to search for borers but none were found.
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Stansly, P. A., and J. M. Conner. "Insecticidal Control of Fall Armyworm, Corn Earworm, and Corn Silkfly on Sweetcorn, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (1998): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.103.
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Abstract Six raised beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long on 6 ft centers, were prepared in a semiclosed subirrigated field: They were fumigated with 67/33% methyl bro-mide/chloropicrin at 220 lbs/acre, fertilized with a bottom mix of 700 lb/acre 5-16-8 and 250 lb/acre at 19-0-19 lb/acre top mix laid in 2 bands 4 inches in from the edge on each side of the bed and covered with black polyethylene mulch. An additional 40 lb of N/acre of 6-2-6 was injected on 16 May. Beds were divided into two, 3-row sets separated by a 15-ft roadway. The center row of each 3-row set was planted on 10 Mar to provide pest inoculum. The remaining 4 rows were each divided into 5 single row plots in a RCB design with 4 replications and planted 23 Apr by hand at 10 inch spacing. Five weekly applications were initiated 20 May using a high clearance sprayer equipped with 2 overhead nozzles fitted with ceramic Albuz “yellow” hollow cone noz-zles per row with delivery pressure of 200 psi at a rate of 22 gpa. A pre-treatment sample of 100 plants per block and 60 ears per inoculum row on 16 May showed that 24% plants were damaged (primarily by FAW) and 85% ears had CEW and 33% FAW. Foliar damage was evaluated weekly for 3 weeks on 20 randomly selected plants per plot after the initiation of the treatments. Damage was assessed as a percentage of the total loss from the top three leaves in the whorl. The number and size (in 3 categories) of larvae in each whorl was noted. Ears were harvested on 20 and 26 Jun from the same 20 plants in the center of each plot. Ears were evaluated for marketability noting total weight of ears in each category. Nonmarketable ears were further examined and any larvae present identified to species.
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Seal, D. R. "Control of Corn Wireworms in Potatoes, Spring, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (1996): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.156a.
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Abstract Certified seed pieces of ‘LaRouge’ potatoes were planted on raised beds of Perrine marl soil in Homestead, FL on 14 Feb. 1995. All cultural practices were as recommended. Plant spacing was 6 inch within the row and 3 ft between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb./acre with granular fertilizer (8:16:16) on two dates at planting and 2 wk after planting. Treatment plots were four rows X 25 ft arranged in RCB with four replications. The treatments evaluated for wireworm control were: 1) Admire (0.50 lb. [AI]/ acre; 2 & 3) two rates of Regent (0.20 & 0.10 lb. [AI]/acre; 4) Mocap (3.00 lb. [AI]/acre); and 5) a nontreated check. All treatments were compared with a nontreated check. Insecticide applications were made in 4 inch deep furrow 4 inches apart from the seed row two weeks after planting. Insecticides were evaluated by collecting all potatoes from the 19 feet areas at the center of two middle rows. Potato tubes were checked for wireworm feeding damage characterized as deep and shallow holes; and weighed.
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Bendixen, M., M. V. Johansen, J. Andreassen, and P. Nansen. "Schistosoma japonicum infection in pregnant mice." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 3 (1999): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x9900044x.
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Ten 1-week and ten 2-weeks pregnant female NMRI mice were experimentally exposed to 70 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Ten littermice from each group were examined for worms by perfusion 4, 6 and 8 weeks post infection. Although the mothers (n = 15) were found infected with 15.5 ± 13.4 worms at perfusion 6 and 7 weeks post infection, no worms were found in any of the examined littermice, as well as no detection of faecal or tissue eggs. Litter sizes did not differ from control groups and all littermice were healthy. The present study therefore suggests that congenital infection with S. japonicum does not occur in percutaneously infected mice and that infection of the mother during pregnancy does not seem to affect the offspring.
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Collins, J. A., and F. A. Drummond. "Maggot Control, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (1998): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.49a.
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Abstract Test materials were applied to plots in bearing blueberry fields at Deblois (Tests 1 and 2) and Township 19 (Tests 3 and 4), Maine. Timing for each application is given in the table. Treatment plot size measured 100 X 300-ft for Test 1, 150 X 300-ft for Test 2, and 200 X 300-ft for Tests 3 and 4. An untreated area adjacent to each plot or set of treated plots was designated as a control. The first application was made when yellow sticky trap captures indicated that BM populations had exceeded threshold levels as defined by current management practices (6 flies at any one visit or 10+ flies over 2 or more visits). Materials were applied using a Cessna Ag Wagon® equipped with 30 CP nozzles on 2½-inch drop tubes and calibrated with a #7 Crop Hawk® Flow Meter to deliver 5 (Sniper) or 6 (Imidan) pints of water-mixture per acre. Ground speed =120 mph; 2500 RPM; pressure at boom = 40 psi; height = 5-8 ft; 50 ft swath. On 4 Aug (Tests 3 and 4) and 8 Aug (Tests 1 and 2), one quart of berries was raked from each of 10 or 15 preselected subsites within each treated and untreated check plot and at least 25 ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed for maggots within 2 weeks of collection. Weather during the trial was very dry. Only 1.57 inches of rain was recorded between 1 Jul and 8 Aug.
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Stansly, P. A., and J. M. Conner. "Impact of Insecticides Alone and in Rotation on Tomato Pinworm, Leafminer and Beneficial Arthro-Pods on Staked Tomato, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (1998): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.162.
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Abstract Greenhouse-raised tomato seedings were planted 18 inches apart on 4 sets of 3 subirrigated beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long, on 12 Mar. Beds were fumigated with a 67/33% mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin at a rate of 220 lb acre, fertilized, and covered with black polyethylene film mulch. The middle ‘inoculum’ row of each 3-bed set was left untreated. The remaining 2 beds in each set were divided into 8 plots about 30 ft long to accommodate 14 treatments and untreated check in a RCB design replicated 4 times. Plants were sprayed weekly with a combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 3 lb/acre for disease control. Two wing-type sticky traps, baited with TPW pheromone (Scentry) lures placed in the field to monitor the pinworm population, showed peaks on four dates 3,4, 25 Apr and 2 May when the daily trap catch was 21, 26, 30, and 32, respectively. All other dates had a daily trap average of less than 10. Pre-treatment means of 20.5 LM and 3.4 PW mines/plant were recorded on 11 Apr. Seven weekly treatments were applied from 14 Apr through 30 May using a high-clearance sprayer with 2 booms fitted with “yellow” Albuz® hollow-cone nozzles operating at a pressure of 200 psi. The first 2 applications used 4 nozzles, 2 per boom, to deliver 42 gpa and the last five used 6 nozzles for 65 gpa. Three treatments con-sisted of SpinTor applied for 2 weeks followed by an application of Trigard, Agri-Mek, or Mattch. RH-2485 and Confirm were tank mixed with the adjuvant Latron CS-7 (0.12% v/v). Five weekly counts were made of dead/empty mines and live larvae of the LM and PW from one side of two plants, 4 samples per plot. Weekly vacuum samples of 4 sees from one side of 6 plants were taken beginning 17 Apr using a modified leaf blower. Catch was identified as beneficial (primarily spiders, hymenoptera exclusive of ants and predaceous hemiptera), pests and incidental (mostly flies). Fruit was harvested 3 Jun from 6 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of infestation with TPW, other insects and disease. Crop value was estimated based on $5,6,7,9 market per box of small, medium, large, and extra large fruit, respectively.
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Gerber, G. H., and J. Walkof. "PHENOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF ADULT REDBACKED CUTWORMS, EUXOA OCHROGASTER (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA." Canadian Entomologist 124, no. 3 (1992): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent124541-3.
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AbstractThe phenology and reproductive status of adults of the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were determined from blacklight (BLT) and sex-attractant (SAT) trap catches at four locations in southern Manitoba in 1987 through 1989. The flight period was of 9–12 weeks duration, extending from late June to early October. The first male and female moths were captured at about the same time in the BLT and SAT. The peak catches of the BLT occurred during the first 3 weeks of August (weeks 5 and 6 of the flight period) and those of the SAT about 1 week later. The SAT continued to capture male moths for 2–3 weeks after the last moths appeared in the BLT. Most females captured during the first 2–3 weeks of the flight period were virgins who had not yet initiated egg development. Most mating, egg development, and oviposition took place during a 3- to 4-week period that included the 2 weeks before, the same week as, and the week after the peak BLT catches (weeks 3–7 of the flight period); these activities occurred in the 3–4 weeks before the peak SAT catches. The data suggested that there was competition between SAT and females in attracting males and, consequently, the SAT catch data may not be providing accurate measurements of the sizes of breeding populations of males in the field. The BLT catches underestimated the length of the flight period by about 1.5–3 weeks.
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Kurioka, Takaomi, Sachiyo Mogi, and Taku Yamashita. "Transient Conductive Hearing Loss Regulates Cross-Modal VGLUT Expression in the Cochlear Nucleus of C57BL/6 Mice." Brain Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050260.
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Auditory nerve fibers synapse onto the cochlear nucleus (CN) and are labeled using the vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT-1), whereas non-auditory inputs are labeled using the VGLUT-2. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of VGLUT expression in the CN remains unknown. We examined whether a sound level decrease, without primary neural damage, induces cellular and VGLUT expression change in the CN, and examined the potential for neural plasticity of the CN using unilateral conductive hearing loss models. We inserted earplugs in 8-week-old mice unilaterally for 4 weeks and subsequently removed them for another 4 weeks. Although the threshold of an auditory brainstem response significantly increased across all tested frequencies following earplug insertion, it completely recovered after earplug removal. Auditory deprivation had no significant impact on spiral ganglion and ventral CN (VCN) neurons’ survival. Conversely, although the cell size and VGLUT-1 expression in the VCN significantly decreased after earplug insertion, VGLUT-2 expression in the granule cell lamina significantly increased. These cell sizes decreased and the alterations in VGLUT-1 and -2 expression almost completely recovered at 1 month after earplug removal. Our results suggested that the cell size and VGLUT expression in the CN have a neuroplasticity capacity, which is regulated by increases and decreases in sound levels. Restoration of the sound levels might partly prevent cell size decrease and maintain VGLUT expression in the CN.
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George, Benjamin, Lawrence Pierson, and Richard Barrows. "Research in using Polyurethane Foam to Mitigate Rock Bolt Installation Difficulties." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 52 (2018): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118790377.
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Rock bolts are commonly used on transportation projects to stabilize cut slopes, reinforce undermined or unsupported blocks, and reduce potential for large rock slides. Installing bolts can be challenging. Locations where bolts are useful may not be easily accessible for personnel or large equipment, and targeted blocks generally are marginally stable. In addition, jointed rock with openings and voids, which are typical conditions, complicate hole advancement and full grout encapsulation. These issues can lead to construction delays, claims, reduced corrosion protection, or shorter design life. This paper describes research conducted to address two rock bolting challenges in open-jointed rock: i) advancement of drill holes to design depth, and ii) successful completion of grouting through the application of injected polyurethane foam (PUF). Testing utilized double-stacked concrete blocks aligned in rows to simulate a rock mass with vertical fractures. Steel spacers were placed between the stacks to simulate 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-inch apertures. A standard rock drill advanced holes using a 3-inch bit. Research showed PUF could: bridge simulated aperture sizes up to 8 inches, survive drilling action during secondary reaming, resist drilling air and grouting pressures, and reduce grout consumption.
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Leblanc, M., E. Saint-Sauveur, and V. Pichette. "Native Arterio-Venous Fistula for Hemodialysis: What to Expect Early after Creation?" Journal of Vascular Access 4, no. 2 (2003): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112972980300400202.
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Native arterio-venous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred for hemodialysis vascular access over synthetic grafts and long-term catheters. However, prevalence rates of native AVFs are variable around the world and have increased only slightly in United States since the DOQI guidelines. To increase rates of native AVFs, pre-operative vascular mapping by ultrasound has been found of major help for appropriate selection of the vessels. The minimal desirable lumen diameter of the artery should be > 2 mm and > 2.5 to 3 mm for the vein at the anatomosis. Early failure can be reduced to less than 10% when the feeding artery is > 2 mm, even in diabetics. If sizes of the vessels are smaller than those targets at the wrist, moving to the upper arm should be considered. The interval between creation and first cannulation varies from 2 weeks to 4 months. There might not be much advantage to wait for more than 4 weeks; however, in large dialysis units, observing a delay of 4 to 6 weeks may be worthwhile to avoid initial problems such as infiltrations and lacerations. Access flow monitoring is essential since it is a reliable predictor of vascular access dysfunction, reducing associated morbidity and costs. Early monitoring of recently created native AVFs has shown that the increase in intra-access blood flow occurs very soon after construction and becomes maximal after a few weeks. A recent prospective study involving all new native AVFs monitored by ultrasound-dilution between weeks 6 and 10 after creation, and every 3 to 6 weeks over 4 months, showed no statistically significant difference in access blood flow between the initial and final measurements (respective values of 1132 ± 681 and 1097 ± 644 ml/min). Access flow was higher in males, and in brachio-cephalic compared to radio-cephalic AVFs. Over the long-term, AVFs are associated with longer patency and lower complication rates, and efforts should be directed at further increasing their prevalence.
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Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole, and Temitope Akinyemi Adewole. "Influence of Cow Bone Particle Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of Cow Bone-Reinforced Polyester Composites." Biotechnology Research International 2013 (November 14, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/725396.
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This work was carried out to investigate the influence of cow bone particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of polyester matrix composites in order to consider the suitability of the materials as biomaterials. Cow bone was procured from an abattoir, washed with water, and sun-dried for 4 weeks after which it was crushed with a sledge hammer and was further pulverized with laboratory ball mill. Sieve size analysis was carried out on the pulverized bone where it was sieved into three different sizes of 75, 106, and 300 m sieve sizes. Composite materials were developed by casting them into tensile and flexural tests moulds using predetermined proportions of 2, 4, 6, and 8%. The samples after curing were striped from the moulds and were allowed to be further cured at room temperature for 3 weeks before tensile and flexural tests were performed on them. Both tensile and flexural strength were highly enhanced by 8 wt% from 75 m while toughness was highly enhanced by 6 and 8 wt% from 300 m. This shows that fine particles lead to improved strength while coarse particles lead to improved toughness. The results show that these materials are structurally compatible and are being developed from animal fibre based particle; it is expected to also aid the compatibility with the surface conditions as biomaterials.
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Brown, J. E., R. P. Yates, W. T. Hogue, C. Stevens, and V. A. Khan. "REFLECTIVE PLASTIC MULCHES REDUCE APHID POPULATIONS AND THE SPREAD OF MOSAIC VIRUSES IN SUMMER SQUASH." HortScience 27, no. 11 (1992): 1171g—1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1171g.
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Yellow crookneck `Dixie' hybrid summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopeop Alef., was evaluated at E.V. Smith Research Center, Shorter, Alabama. Summer squash was grown in single rows spaced 6 feet apart. Plants were seeded 18 inches apart within 20-foot row plots. Treatments were: 1) black plastic mulch (BPM), 2) yellow painted plastic mulch (YPM), 3) white plastic mulch (WPM), 4) bare soil (BS), 5) aluminum painted plastic mulch (APM) and 6) bare soil with Diazinon insecticide (BSI). Aphid traps caught more aphids in BS or BPM plots than those from APM or YPM plots. The onset of mosaic disease incidence of squash infected with the two viruses identified as zucchini yellow mosaic and cucumber mosaic was delayed by as much as three weeks when compared to BSI or BS. Summer squash planted in APM, WPM, YPM and BPM produced 96%, 98%, 75% and 21%, respectively, more total squash yield than that produced on bare soil (control). A higher percentage of green squash (virus infected) was produced from plants grown over BPM (72%), BSI (68%), BS (59%), YPM (57%) or WPM (57%) than from APM (39%)
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Johns, MA. "Estimation of the week of conception in Merino ewes using real-time ultrasonic imaging." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930839.
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Real-time ultrasonic imaging was used to estimate the week of conception in a flock of 4- and 5-year-old Merino ewes. Rams were joined with ewes for 6 weeks after the ewes were 'teased' for 2 weeks by testosterone-treated wethers. The ewes were scanned 92 days after the introduction of the rams to determine litter size, then, based mainly on the sizes of the heads and bodies of the fetuses. the week of conception was estimated. These results were compared with the actual week of conception determined from weekly mating and daily lambing records. The week of conception was correctly estimated for 71% of the ewes. The consecutive 2-week period from the start of joining within which conception occurred was correct for 91% of the ewes. The correct half of the joining period within which conception occurred was diagnosed for 98% of the ewes.
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Santos, Bielinski M., Joan A. Dusky, William M. Stall, Donn G. Shilling, and Thomas A. Bewick. "Influence of Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Densities on Lettuce Yields under Different Phosphorus Fertility Regimes." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 431A—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.431a.
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The effects of different populations densities of smooth pigweed and common purslane were determined in field trials conducted in organic soils. `South Bay' lettuce was planted in twin rows on 90-cm planting beds. Weed densities used were 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeds per 6 m of row (5.4 m2). Phosphorus (P) was applied broadcast (1200 kg P/ha) and banded 2 inches below each lettuce row (600 kg P/ha). Lettuce fresh weights were collected 8 weeks after emergence. Data collected indicated that P regime and density had significant effects on lettuce yield and quality. For both weeds, yield decreased as density increased. In all cases, lettuce showed greater yields at a given density when grown with P banded than when P was applied broadcast. Critical density for smooth pigweed for P broadcast was between 2 and 4 plants per 5.4 m2, whereas this critical density occurred between 8 and 16 plants per 5.4 m2 when P was banded. Yield reductions of up to 24.4% and 20.1% occurred at the highest smooth pigweed density for broadcast and banded P, respectively. Two common purslane plants per 5.4 m2 were enough to reduce lettuce yields. Banding P helped lettuce to produce significantly more within each common purslane density. Yield reductions of 47.8% and 44.3% occurred at the highest common purslane density for broadcast and banded P, respectively. Apparently, banding P gives an additional advantage to the crop against smooth pigweed and common purslane.
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Stansly, P. A., and J. M. Conner. "Control of Southern Armyworm with Bacillus Thuringiensis in Staked Tomato, Fall 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (1996): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.191.
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Abstract Greenhouse raised tomato seedings “Florasette” were planted 8 Sep. 1994, 18 inches within the row on six subirrigated beds, 240 ft long, 32 ft wide on 6 ft centers. Beds had been fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin 67/33 at a rate of 2201b/acre and mulched with whiteside polyethylene. Each of 4, 125 ft blocks was divided into 4, 3-row plots 25 ft long plus 2.5 ft walkways. Plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 31b/acre and Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre for disease control. Plants were inoculated on 5 Oct with beet armyworm and on 19 Oct with SAW on 19 Oct to supplement natural populations by applying 2-3 neonates (2-3 per plant) in Grito-O-Cobs (20-40 mesh) to foliage with a “bazooka” gun. Treatments and spray schedules are given in Tables 1 and 2. Spray was delivered weekly for 7 weeks starting in 21 Oct using a high clearance sprayer equipped with yellow hollow cone Albuz nozzles at 200 psi pump pressure. Configuration for the first 4 applications was 9 nozzles per row, one overhead and four each side calibrated to deliver 89 GPA. An additional nozzle per side drop was added for the last 3 applications to deliver 110 GPA. Larval populations were evaluated weekly from 21 Oct to 29 Nov on 6 ft of row from the center of each 3-row plot in two-plant (between-stake) units. Larvae were counted in 3 size categories: small, medium and large but only medium and large are reported. Fruit of marketable size was harvested on 21 Nov & 02 Dec and graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded.
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Schuster, David J. "Insect Management on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.133.
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Abstract Transplants were set 8 Aug, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of fumigated EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and sprays were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 16, 21, 29 Sept, 7, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 16, 23, 29 Nov, 6 and 13 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Granular applications were made just prior to soil fumigation (about 2 weeks prior to planting) in two narrow bands 10 inches on either side of bed centers. On 5-6 Oct, each plant in each plot was inspected for small (≤0.5 inch long) and large (0.5 inch long) beet armyworm larvae. On 3 Nov, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by beet armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. Fruit were harvested on 2, 21 Nov, 14 and 19 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with either slight or severe damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the inside of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil. On 16 Dec, each plot was sampled by dislodging the insects from the tops of five plants with a 12 inch garden stake into the bottom of a rectangular cake pan painted black and coated with a thin film of vegetable oil. The numbers of pepper weevil adults, armyworm larvae, predator adults and immatures, and aphids were counted. The numbers of predators were totaled over all species since few of any one species were present.
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Duval, John R., and D. Scott NeSmith. "Stand Survival, Establishment, and Yield of a Diploid and a Triploid Watermelon Transplants of Different Ages and Sizes." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (1999): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.656.
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Age and cell size can have various effects on subsequent transplant production. The interaction of the two have not been studied in triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai]. Seedless watermelon production is costly due to high seed prices, therefore it is necessary to optimize transplant performance in the field, and it is often thought that triploid watermelons are less hardy than their diploid counterparts. A 3 × 3 factorial design was established for 2 years to determine the effects of cell sizes 1.5, 3.4, and 7.9 inch3 (25, 56, and 130 cm3) and transplant age (4, 6, and 8 weeks) on the triploid watermelon `Genesis'. The diploid cultivar `Ferrari' was also planted for comparison. Seedling survival was affected by transplant age in 1997, and by cell size in 1998. Early main vine growth showed significant interaction between transplant age and cell size, with older transplants grown in the largest cells producing the longest vines. Early yield of 6-week-old transplants of `Genesis' was higher than 4- or 8-week-old transplants in 1997. Eight-week-old transplants of `Ferrari' outperformed younger transplants in 1997 and 1998. Results show that `Genesis' triploid watermelon transplants could be handled similarly to the diploid `Ferrari' without consequence.
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Ganapathy Sankar U., Monisha R., Christopher Amalraj Vallaba Doss, and Palanivel R M. "Efficacy of breathing retraining program on bedside assessment of pulmonary function." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 1467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2019.
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Breathing retraining alters respiratory muscle recruitment and improves respiratory muscle performance. However, the effectiveness of Pursed Lip Breathing in reducing dyspnoea is controversial. The aims of this study are to determine if breathing retraining is influencing the Single Breath Count performed by dyspneic subjects and to assess the correlation between Single breath Count Test and Snider match test as the standard measures of bedside pulmonary function test in patients with dyspnoea. 100 Patients with dyspnoea were assessed in the baseline with snider match test and they were asked to perform a single breath count. 5 times weekly and for 4 weeks, the participants have been practicing Breathing Retraining. Pursed lip breathing (PLB) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) are breathing retraining strategies to subjects with dyspnoea; Single Breath Count was measured by asking patients to take a deep breath and count as far as possible in their normal speaking voice without taking another breath. Counting was timed to a metronome set at 2 counts per second. Snider match test was conducted by blowing the matches at increasing the test distance from 3, 6, 9 inches. The result of this study will determine whether breathing retraining is safe and beneficial for people with dyspnoea.
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Wijnen, Annet, Jildou Hoogland, Tjerk Munsterman, et al. "Effectiveness of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Program After Total Hip Arthroplasty Driven by a Tablet App and Remote Coaching: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Combining a Single-Arm Intervention Cohort With Historical Controls." JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 7, no. 1 (2020): e14139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14139.
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Background Recent technological developments such as wearable sensors and tablets with a mobile internet connection hold promise for providing electronic health home-based programs with remote coaching for patients following total hip arthroplasty. It can be hypothesized that such a home-based rehabilitation program can offer an effective alternative to usual care. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation program driven by a tablet app and remote coaching for patients following total hip arthroplasty. Methods Existing data of two studies were combined, in which patients of a single-arm intervention study were matched with historical controls of an observational study. Patients aged 18-65 years who had undergone total hip arthroplasty as a treatment for primary or secondary osteoarthritis were included. The intervention consisted of a 12-week home-based rehabilitation program with video instructions on a tablet and remote coaching (intervention group). Patients were asked to do strengthening and walking exercises at least 5 days a week. Data of the intervention group were compared with those of patients who received usual care (control group). Effectiveness was measured at four moments (preoperatively, and 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively) by means of functional tests (Timed Up & Go test and the Five Times Sit-to Stand Test) and self-reported questionnaires (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS] and Short Form 36 [SF-36]). Each patient of the intervention group was matched with two patients of the control group. Patient characteristics were summarized with descriptive statistics. The 1:2 matching situation was analyzed with a conditional logistic regression. Effect sizes were calculated by Cohen d. Results Overall, 15 patients of the intervention group were included in this study, and 15 and 12 subjects from the control group were matched to the intervention group, respectively. The intervention group performed functional tests significantly faster at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. The intervention group also scored significantly higher on the subscales “function in sport and recreational activities” and “hip-related quality of life” of HOOS, and on the subscale “physical role limitations” of SF-36 at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Large effect sizes were found on functional tests at 12 weeks and at 6 months (Cohen d=0.5-1.2), endorsed by effect sizes on the self-reported outcomes. Conclusions Our results clearly demonstrate larger effects in the intervention group compared to the historical controls. These results imply that a home-based rehabilitation program delivered by means of internet technology after total hip arthroplasty can be more effective than usual care. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03846063; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03846063 and German Registry of Clinical Trials DRKS00011345; https://tinyurl.com/yd32gmdo
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Rizvi, Syed Mohammed Taif, Patrick Lam, and George A. C. Murrell. "Repair Integrity in Patients Returning for an Unscheduled Visit After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Retorn or Not?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6 (2018): 232596711877506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118775061.
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Background: After rotator cuff repair, some patients have ongoing problems significant enough to warrant presentation to a clinic for reassessment. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether this cohort of patients was more likely to have a healed rotator cuff. We hypothesized that patients who had an unscheduled postoperative visit were more likely to have a healed rotator cuff than those who did not have an unscheduled postoperative visit. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 321 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were evaluated; of these, 50 patients had an unscheduled return to clinic that included an ultrasound assessment of the cuff repair within 4 months postoperatively. Repair integrity was evaluated in all patients at 6 months postoperatively via ultrasonography. Results: The failure-to-heal rate was greater in patients who had an unscheduled assessment (8/50; 16%) than in those who did not (14/275; 5%) ( P = .01). The patients most likely to have a repair failure were those who were assessed before 2 weeks and after 12 weeks (7/18; 39%) compared with those who were assessed between 3 and 12 weeks (1/32; 3%) ( P = .001). The failure-to-heal rate was very low in patients who had an unscheduled assessment with a tear size smaller than 4 cm2 (0/34; 0%) compared with those with tear sizes greater than 4 cm2 (8/16; 50%) ( P < .0001, Fisher exact text). Conclusion: Patients who had an unscheduled clinic visit after rotator cuff repair had a 16% chance of a failed healing response, whereas those who did not have an unscheduled visit had a 5% rate of failed healing. The risk of a failed healing response was greater if the tear was larger than 4 cm2, if patients presented within 2 weeks following surgery, or if they presented after 12 weeks postsurgery.
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Barbosa, Sandra, Tania Nieves, Félix García, et al. "Fixation of Light Weight Polypropylene Mesh with n-Butyl-2-cyanocrylate in Pelvic Floor Surgery: Experimental Design Approach in Sheep for Effectiveness Evaluation." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/737683.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to find a proper experimental design and to evaluate n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) as a fixation method for a light-weight and large pore PP mesh (Synthetic PP Mesh-1) using the sheep as an animal model.Methods. Posterior vaginal implantation by means of episiotomy was used to implant 8 ewes which were evaluated macroscopically and histologically at 3 months (n=4) and 6 months (n=4) post-surgery. In previous pilot studies anterior vaginal implantation was evaluated, as well as different synthetic mesh materials, sizes and fixation methods (n=1to 3) during three weeks. In all cases a clinical evaluation of the animal was performed.Results. A reduction in the mesh size (Synthetic PP Mesh-1) together with precise application of the surgical glue Histoacryl to fix the mesh yielded significantly better histocompatibility results (P<0.01) compared to larger size or other fixation methods.Conclusion. The combination ofSynthetic PP Mesh-1with Histoacryl offered a high degree of graft integration without vaginal ulceration and a minimal foreign body reaction, being the sheep a proper animal model to test these types of medical devices.
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Cavalcante, Polyanna Gomes Lacerda, Abrahão Fontes Baptista, Vinícius Saura Cardoso, et al. "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Therapeutic Exercise in Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Physical Therapy 100, no. 9 (2020): 1595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa105.
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Abstract Objective Although some studies have shown the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise in chronic nonspecific low back pain, the effect sizes are generally small to moderate and recurrence rates are high. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to modulate pain-processing systems and motor outputs and has the potential to optimize the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise. However, evidence for this combination is still lacking. The purpose of this protocol for a randomized clinical trial is to investigate whether the combination of tDCS and therapeutic exercise is more effective in relieving pain than therapeutic exercise alone. Methods This 2-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial will take place at the Federal University of Piauí, Brazil. Sixty patients will be randomized into 2 groups to receive tDCS (real/sham) + exercise therapies for 12 sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Pain intensity, sensory and affective aspects of pain, physical functioning, kinesiophobia, and global perceived effect will be recorded before treatment and at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after randomization. Data will be collected by an examiner unaware of (blind to) the treatment allocation. Impact This trial can potentially provide important information and assist in clinical decision-making on the combined use of tDCS to optimize the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
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Harvey, Michael P., and Mark H. Brand. "103 Optimizing the Propagation of the Ornamental Grass Hakonechloa macra `Aureola'." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 459B—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.459b.
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Studies initiated in Spring 1998 analyzed the influence of division size, shade, and temperature on the growth rate of the ornamental grass Hakonechloa macra `Aureola' in nursery-container production. To determine the optimum division size for production, container-grown stock plants were used to make early spring divisions of four sizes (1-2, 4-6, 8-10, and 12-15 buds). Divisions were established in 325-ml pots for 1 month before being transplanted to 3.7-L nursery containers. Plants were grown outdoors and received topdressed 17-6-10 slow-release fertilizer (containing micronutrients) and drip irrigation from June through September. Average leaf area, shoot number and bud count increased linearly as division size increased, but average height remained the same between each treatment. Plants of all division sizes exhibited healthy growth, with 50% of the plants in the 4-6 buds/division treatment growing to marketable size compared to 45%, 35% and 15% in the 8-10, 12-15, and 1-2 buds/division treatments, respectively. Four shade densities (0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%) were tested to determine which promoted optimum growth. As shading increased, average shoot number per plant decreased, average height and shoot length increased and bud count remained the same. To determine the optimum growing temperature for Hakonechloa, divisions were grown in 325-ml pots under four different day/night temperatures (15/10, 21/16, 27/22, and 33/28 °C) for 12 weeks in growth chambers. Plants were fertigated daily with a 5-25-5 liquid fertilizer. Average bud count, leaf area, plant height, plant width, shoot length, and shoot number increased as temperature increased to 27/22 °C, then decreased significantly beyond this temperature optimum.
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Kamiya, Hideki, Weixian Zhang, and Anders A. F. Sima. "Dynamic Changes of Neuroskeletal Proteins in DRGs Underlie Impaired Axonal Maturation and Progressive Axonal Degeneration in Type 1 Diabetes." Experimental Diabetes Research 2009 (2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/793281.
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We investigated mechanisms underlying progressive axonal dysfunction and structural deficits in type 1 BB/Wor-rats from 1 week to 10 month diabetes duration. Motor and sensory conduction velocities were decreased after 4 and 6 weeks of diabetes and declined further over the remaining 9 months. Myelinated sural nerve fibers showed progressive deficits in fiber numbers and sizes. Structural deficits in unmyelinated axonal size were evident at 2 month and deficits in number were present at 4 mo. These changes were preceded by decreased availability of insulin, C-peptide and IGF-1 and decreased expression of neurofilaments andβ-III-tubulin. Upregulation of phosphorylating stress kinases like Cdk5, p-GSK-3β, and p42/44 resulted in increased phosphorylation of neurofilaments. Increasing activity of p-GSK-3βcorrelated with increasing phosphorylation of NFH, whereas decreasing Cdk5 correlated with diminishing phosphorylation of NFM. The data suggest that impaired neurotrophic support results in sequentially impaired synthesis and postranslational modifications of neuroskeletal proteins, resulting in progressive deficits in axonal function, maturation and size.
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Langoni, Chandra da Silveira, Thais de Lima Resende, Andressa Bombardi Barcellos, et al. "The effect of group exercises on balance, mobility, and depressive symptoms in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 3 (2018): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518815218.
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Objective: To determine the effects of group exercises on balance, mobility, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Design: Single blinded, randomized, matched pairs clinical trial. Setting: Four primary healthcare units. Subjects: Fifty-two sedentary subjects with mild cognitive impairment were paired (age, sex, body mass index, and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised score), tested, and then randomized into an intervention group ( n = 26) and a control group ( n = 26). Intervention: The intervention group performed strength (ankle weights, elastic bands, and dumbbells) and aerobic exercises (walking) in their communities’ public spaces, twice a week (60 minutes each), during 24 weeks. The control group maintained its usual routine. Main measures: Balance (Berg Balance Scale (BBS)), mobility (Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)), and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-15) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ statistically. After, the intervention group showed significant improvement ( P < 0.05) in balance (before: 53 ± 3; after: 55.1 ± 1.1 points), mobility (before: 10.7 ± 2.9 seconds; after: 8.3 ± 2 seconds), and depressive symptoms (median punctuation (interquartile range) before: 4 (1.8–6); after: 2.5 (1–4)). The control group presented a significant increase in their depressive symptoms (median before: 3.5 (2–7.3); after: 4 (2–5.3)), while their balance and mobility showed no significant modification. Small effect sizes were observed in the intervention group and control group depressive symptoms, as well as in the control group’s mobility and balance. Large effect sizes were observed the intervention group’s mobility and balance. Conclusion: Group exercises improved balance, mobility, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
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Bober, Sharon L., Christopher J. Recklitis, Alexis L. Michaud, and Alexi A. Wright. "Improvement in sexual function after ovarian cancer: Sexual therapy and rehabilitation after treatment for ovarian cancer (START-OC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (2017): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.210.
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210 Background: Sexual dysfunction is a distressing long-term effect after ovarian cancer (OC), affecting up to 90% of survivors for years. Despite its prevalence, treatment-related sexual dysfunction is underrecognized and undertreated for OC survivors. We developed and tested a brief, psychoeducational intervention for managing sexual dysfunction after OC. Methods: 45 OC survivors with sexual dysfunction received a single half-day group intervention that included sexual health education, relaxation and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) skills to address sexual symptoms and a single tailored telephone booster call 4 weeks post-group. Assessment measures were completed at 4 time points: Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (after an 8 week no-treatment run-in period), and 2 and 6 months post-intervention. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) assessed sexual functioning and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) captured psychological distress. Results: Analyses examined changes from Baseline 1 to subsequent time points. Between Baseline 1 and 2 there were no significant changes on study measures, indicating no natural improvement during the run-in period. In contrast, Total FSFI scores improved significantly from Baseline 1 to the 2 month (n = 45, p < .005) and 6 month (n = 35, p < .05) follow-ups. Effect sizes were moderately large indicating a significant improvement in women’s sexual function post- intervention (d = .5) that was sustained for at least 6-months (d = .4). BSI-18 scores were also significantly improved at the 2 -month (p < .005) and 6 month (p < .01) time-points, compared to Baseline 1. Conclusions: Improvements in overall sexual functioning and psychological distress were observed 2 months post-intervention and maintained at 6 month follow-up, suggesting preliminary efficacy of the intervention in reducing sexual dysfunction in OC survivors. Next steps include collection of additional follow-up data on participants. A randomized trial of START-OC is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02287519.
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El-Bahr, Sabry M., Amal M. Elbakery, Nashwa El-Gazzar, et al. "Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Petroselinum crispum Leaf Extract Mitigate Lead-Acetate-Induced Anemia in Male Albino Rats: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Features." Toxics 9, no. 6 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060123.
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This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared from leaf extract of Petroselinum crispum compared to those prepared using a chemical method in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups (five rats each). Throughout the experimental period (8 weeks), the rats in group 1 were not given any therapy. The rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 400 ppm lead acetate orally for 2 weeks to make them anemic. Following that, these rats were either left untreated, given 27 ppm of chemical IONPs orally or given 27 ppm of natural IONPs orally for the remaining 6 weeks of the experiment. TEM analysis indicated that the chemically and naturally prepared IONPs had sizes of 6.22–9.7 and 64–68 nm, respectively. Serum ferritin and iron concentrations were reduced, whereas the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ALT, AST, urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to those of the control. In addition, congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, vacuolation and leukocytic infiltration in the kidneys, liver and spleen were observed in non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to the control. The effects of lead acetate were mitigated by IONPs, particularly the natural one. In conclusion, IONPs produced from Petroselinum crispum leaf extract can be used as an efficient and safe therapy in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats.
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Mohamed, Mohamed F., P. E. Read, and D. P. Coyne. "PLANT REGENERATION IN VITRO FROM THE EMBRYONIC AXIS OF COMMON AND TEPARY BEANS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1070c—1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1070c.
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Regeneration in vitro from the embryonic axis in Phaseolus sp. has not been reported. Two embryo sizes, 0.3-0.4 mm and 0.6-0.7 mm long at 10-12 and 21 days after pollination, respectively, were excised from 4 P. vulgaris (P.v.) and 2 P. acutifolius (P.a.) genotypes. The embryonic leaves and radicale were removed, and 0.1-0.2 mm of the embryonic axis was cultured on Gamborg's B5 medium with 0, 5, 10 and 20μ MBA. The cultures were incubated in the dark at 25°C for 2 weeks followed by 1 week in continuous cool white light (25μ MS-1m2) before transferring to the second medium (0, 2μ MBA and 2μ MBA + 4μ MGA3). The tissues from the larger embryos initiated a single shoot without PGR in 30% of 1 P.v. explants and 30-60% in 2 P.a. The other 3 P.v. formed roots only. Multiple shoots were initiated in all P.v. (15-60%) and in 2 P.a. (60 and 70%) with 5 or 10μ MBA. The tissues from the smaller embryos had single shoots for all genotypes (30-60%) without PGR. Multiple shoots were initiated in 50-80% and 75-90% of the explants from P.v. and P.a., respectively, with 5 or 10μ MBA. Excess callus formed with 20μ MBA and regeneration decreased. After 3 weeks on the second medium, 6-8 shoot s/P. v. and up to 15-20 shoots/Pa. explants were observed.
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Siervo, Mario, Jose Lara, Shakir Chowdhury, Ammar Ashor, Clio Oggioni, and John C. Mathers. "Effects of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 1 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003341.
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The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is recommended to lower blood pressure (BP), but its effects on cardiometabolic biomarkers are unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was conducted to determine the effects of the DASH diet on cardiovascular risk factors. Medline, Embase and Scopus databases were searched from inception to December 2013. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) DASH diet; (2) RCT; (3) risk factors including systolic and diastolic BP and glucose, HDL, LDL, TAG and total cholesterol concentrations; (4) control group. Random-effects models were used to determine the pooled effect sizes. Meta-regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between effect sizes, baseline values of the risk factors, BMI, age, quality of trials, salt intake and study duration. A total of twenty articles reporting data for 1917 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The duration of interventions ranged from 2 to 24 weeks. The DASH diet was found to result in significant decreases in systolic BP ( − 5·2 mmHg, 95 % CI − 7·0, − 3·4; P< 0·001) and diastolic BP ( − 2·6 mmHg, 95 % CI − 3·5, − 1·7; P< 0·001) and in the concentrations of total cholesterol ( − 0·20 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·31, − 0·10; P< 0·001) and LDL ( − 0·10 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·20, − 0·01; P= 0·03). Changes in both systolic and diastolic BP were greater in participants with higher baseline BP or BMI. These changes predicted a reduction of approximately 13 % in the 10-year Framingham risk score for CVD. The DASH diet improved cardiovascular risk factors and appeared to have greater beneficial effects in subjects with an increased cardiometabolic risk. The DASH diet is an effective nutritional strategy to prevent CVD.
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Rhind, S. M., J. Bass, J. M. Doney, and E. A. Hunter. "Effect of litter size on the milk production, blood metabolite profiles and endocrine status of ewes lambing in January and April." Animal Science 53, no. 1 (1991): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005997.
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ABSTRACTMilk yields and blood metabolite and hormone profiles of a total of 40 Greyface ewes lambing in January or April and suckling single (S) or twin (T) lambs were determined. Ewes were given a fixed level of feeding throughout the first 10 weeks of lactation. Milk yields were measured weekly. Pooled blood samples (six samples; 20-min intervals), collected at weekly intervals for the first 10 weeks of lactation, were assayed for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEVA), 3β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, albumin, total protein, insulin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). At weeks 2, 4 and 10 of lactation samples were collected at 20-min intervals for 8 h and assayed individually for insulin, GH, cortisol and prolactin. Mean daily milk yield was lower in S than in T ewes in January (1·93v.2·33 kg/day;P< 0·05) and April-lambing ewes (1·95v.2·28 kg/day; P > 0·05). Profiles of NEFA and 3β-hydroxybutyrate indicated that T ewes were mobilizing adipose tissue at a greater rate than S ewes. The higher milk yield and rate of fat mobilization in T ewes compared with S ewes was associated with lower overall mean insulin concentrations (3·37v.5·04 mil per I;P< 0·002) and higher GH (6·29v.2·77 μg/l;P< 0·001) and cortisol (7·04v.3·64 μg/l;P< 0·001) concentrations in the weekly samples. Differences between rearing groups in mean concentrations of T4 and T3 were generally small and not significant. Mean prolactin concentrations were much lower in the January- than in the April-lambing ewes (73·7v.270·2 μ/l;P< 0·001) but this difference was not associated with a difference in milk yield. Substantial increases in insulin and GH concentrations generally followed feeding but the post-prandial profiles were dependent on stage of lactation; while GH concentrations increased following feeding at weeks 2 and 4 of lactation, there was generally a decline in post-prandial concentrations at week 10. It is concluded that the patterns of insulin and GH secretion during the hours following feeding may be an important determinant of the rate of tissue mobilization and milk yield in ewes subject to differences in demand for milk created by differences in litter sizes.
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Bouffard, Stéphan, Pénélope Paradis-Deschênes, and François Billaut. "Neuromuscular Adjustments Following Sprint Training with Ischemic Preconditioning in Endurance Athletes: Preliminary Data." Sports 9, no. 9 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9090124.
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This preliminary study examined the effect of chronic ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on neuromuscular responses to high-intensity exercise. In a parallel-group design, twelve endurance-trained males (VO2max 60.0 ± 9.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 30-s Wingate test before, during, and after 4 weeks of sprint-interval training. Training consisted of bi-weekly sessions of 4 to 7 supra-maximal all-out 30-s cycling bouts with 4.5 min of recovery, preceded by either IPC (3 × 5-min of compression at 220 mmHg/5-min reperfusion, IPC, n = 6) or placebo compressions (20 mmHg, PLA, n = 6). Mechanical indices and the root mean square and mean power frequency of the electromyographic signal from three lower-limb muscles were continuously measured during the Wingate tests. Data were averaged over six 5-s intervals and analyzed with Cohen’s effect sizes. Changes in peak power output were not different between groups. However, from mid- to post-training, IPC improved power output more than PLA in the 20 to 25-s interval (7.6 ± 10.0%, ES 0.51) and the 25 to 30-s interval (8.8 ± 11.2%, ES 0.58), as well as the fatigue index (10.0 ± 2.3%, ES 0.46). Concomitantly to this performance difference, IPC attenuated the decline in frequency spectrum throughout the Wingate (mean difference: 14.8%, ES range: 0.88–1.80). There was no difference in root mean square amplitude between groups. These preliminary results suggest that using IPC before sprint training may enhance performance during a 30-s Wingate test, and such gains occurred in the last 2 weeks of the intervention. This improvement may be due, in part, to neuromuscular adjustments induced by the chronic use of IPC.
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Lee, Junga. "Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Interventions on Cognitive and Physiologic Adaptations for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (2020): 9216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249216.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of exercise intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (2) Methods: Databases including PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane were used to search for studies that reported effects of exercise for older adults with MCI and randomized controlled trials up to July 2020. Exercise interventions of all selected studies were summarized, and effect sizes of exercise interventions were calculated. (3) Results: A total of 14 studies, including 1178 older adults with MCI were included. Exercise participation in older adults with MCI improved cognitive functions (d = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.10–1.65, p = 0.01; k = 5]) and handgrip strength (d = 0.62, 95% CI; 0.23–1.01, p = 0.00; k = 4) compared with control groups. Aerobic exercise or resistance exercise at moderate to vigorous levels for at least 150 min, 1 time/week, for 6 weeks was the minimum level to obtain beneficial effects from exercise for older adults with MCI. (4) Conclusions: Older adults with MCI who participated in exercise received beneficial effects, including improvement in cognitive functions and handgrip strength, but further studies to confirm the effects are needed.
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Steele, James, James P. Fisher, Ari R. Assunção, Martim Bottaro, and Paulo Gentil. "The role of volume-load in strength and absolute endurance adaptations in adolescent’s performing high- or low-load resistance training." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 2 (2017): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0418.
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This study compared high- (HL) and low-load (LL) resistance training (RT) on strength, absolute endurance, volume-load, and their relationships in untrained adolescents. Thirty-three untrained adolescents of both sexes (males, n = 17; females, n = 16; 14 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into either (i) HL (n = 17): performing 3 sets of 4–6 repetitions to momentary concentric failure; or (ii) LL (n = 16): performing 2 sets of 12–15 repetitions to momentary concentric failure. RT was performed for 2×/week for 9 weeks. Change in maximum strength (1 repetition maximum) and absolute muscular endurance for barbell bench press was assessed. Weekly volume-load was calculated as sets (n) × repetitions (n) × load (kg). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) revealed that both groups significantly increased in strength and absolute endurance with large effect sizes (d = 1.51–1.66). There were no between-group differences for change in strength or absolute endurance. Ninety-five percent CIs revealed that both groups significantly increased in weekly volume-load with large effect sizes (HL = 1.66, LL = 1.02). There were no between-group differences for change in volume-load though average weekly volume-load was significantly greater for LL (p < 0.001). Significant Pearson’s correlations were found for the HL group between average weekly volume-load and both strength (r = 0.650, p = 0.005) and absolute endurance (r = 0.552, p = 0.022) increases. Strength and absolute endurance increases do not differ between HL and LL conditions in adolescents when performed to momentary concentric failure. Under HL conditions greater weekly volume-load is associated with greater strength and absolute endurance increases.
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Aghajanian, C., M. W. Sill, K. Darcy, et al. "A phase II evaluation of bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5531.
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5531 Background: Bevacizumab (BV) is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor, has demonstrated clinical benefit in multiple tumor types. This is the first report of the activity of bevacizumab in patients with recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer (EMC). Methods: Eligible patients had persistent or recurrent EMC after receiving 1–2 prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and GOG performance status < 2. Treatment consisted of BV 15 mg/kg IV q 3 weeks until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, objective response rate, and toxicity by NCI CTCAE v3.0. The clinical trial was carried out in a flexible 2-stage group sequential design intended to detect either cytostatic or cytotoxic activity. Sample sizes were targeted to limit the probability of designating ineffective regimens as being active 10% with at least 90% statistical power. Clinically significant improvements were 20% increases in the proportion responding or surviving progression-free at 6 months over historical controls. Results: From March 2006 to January 2008, 56 patients were enrolled. Two were excluded due to a second primary and one due to inadequate pathology; thus, the sample included 53 patients. Median age was 62 (range 44–84) years, and prior treatment consisted of 1 or 2 regimens in 33 and 20 patients, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (52.8%) had prior radiation. Early results showed 8/53 (15.1%) response rate, with 1 complete response and 7 partial responses; and 19/53 (35.8%) of patients progression free at 6 months with 2 patients pending at the time of data analysis. Median PFS was 4.2 months. Median Overall survival (OS) was 10.5 months. The following grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed: anemia (1 grade 3), cardiovascular (4 grade 3), constitutional (2 grade 3), hemorrhage (1 grade 3), hepatic (1 grade 3), musculoskeletal (2 grade 3), metabolic (1 grade 3, 1 grade 4), neurologic (1 grade 3), pain (4 grade 3), and vascular (1 grade 3, 1 grade 4). Conclusions: BV appears to have single agent activity in women with recurrent or persistent EMC and warrants further investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Turonis, James W., James C. McPherson, Michael F. Cuenin, Steven D. Hokett, Mark E. Peacock, and Mohamed Sharawy. "The Effect of Residual Calcium in Decalcified Freeze-dried Bone Allograft in a Critical-sized Defect in the Rattus norvegicus Calvarium." Journal of Oral Implantology 32, no. 2 (2006): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/780.1.
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Abstract Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), a widely used graft material in periodontal regenerative procedures, is processed with hydrochloric acid in the attempt to expose proteins located within the bone matrixes that are capable of inducing new bone formation. However, the degree of DFDBA demineralization varies between tissue banks, which may have an effect on clinical regeneration. This study uses the critical-sized defect (CSD) model to evaluate the wound-healing response to the residual calcium of donor bone. If the percentage of residual calcium in a graft were demonstrated to significantly enhance wound healing, then periodontal patients may benefit from further standardization of human-allograft processing. Sixty adult, male, Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly and equally divided into 4 test groups (ie, DFDBA at 1%, 2%, and 3% to 6% residual calcium levels and FDBA at 23% residual calcium) and a control group (no allograft). An 8-mm-diameter craniotomy was made in the rat calvarium, and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with pore sizes of 0.50 μm were placed intracranially and ectocranially. Treatment materials were carefully placed into the CSD with a new sterilized dental amalgam carrier. Tetracycline hydrochloride was injected intraperitoneally for labeling new bone growth, and animals were euthanized 12 weeks postsurgery. As a result, histomorphometric bone fill at 12 weeks showed a statistically significant increase in the 2% DFDBA group as compared to all other groups. The authors conclude that a 2% residual calcium level in human DFDBA appears to significantly (P ≤ .05) enhance osseous wound healing in the rat calvarium.
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Yaseen, Arshad, and Mária Takácsné Hájos. "Effect of Moringa leaf extract and set size on the bulb weight, diameter and yield of onions (Allium cepa L.)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/4105.
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Studying the use of natural extracts or biostimulants in improving vegetable plants is the current needs as an alternative way to the use of chemical products. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) as a natural growth regulator on bulb diameter, weight and yield of onions ‘Texas Early White’ cultivar. Therefore, three concentrations (control, 2%, 4% and 6%) of MLE and three different onion set sizes [small (3±1 g/set), medium (6±1 g/set), and large (10±1 g/set)] were prepared in a randomized complete block design with three replications and plant spacing 20×15 cm. MLE was applied as a foliar spray directly onto the plants with the amount of 25 ml/plant every two weeks from sprouting to maturity. The achieved results indicate that the interaction of foliar spray with moringa leaf extract 4% and large set size of 10±1 g/set gave the highest value of the total yield 4802.7 g m-2, while the lowest yield 1531 g m-2 was recorded in the interaction of control and the smallest set size of 3±1 g/set. Also, a significant difference was recorded in bulb diameter separately. Thus, the largest bulb diameter 68.90 mm was obtained from the planting of the largest set size 10±1 g/set with 4% of MLE while the smallest bulb diameter 38.40 mm was recorded from the smallest set size 3 ±1 g/set with control treatment. Similarly, a significant effect was recorded in both set size and MLE separately. The highest bulb diameter 58.71 mm was achieved in the planting of the largest sets 10±1 g/set, while the lowest diameter was 42.12 mm in the planting of the smallest set size 3 ±1 g/set. Similar results were recorded for the bulb weight and total yield. The concentration of 4% MLE produced the highest bulb weight 99.74 g/bulb and yield 3324.5 g m-2, while the lowest bulb weight and yield was obtained in the control treatment 55.61 g/bulb, and 1869.3 g m-2. Consequently, the results indicate the positive effect of Moringa leaf extract which can be applied as a natural substance in the form of foliar spray at critical growth stages to improve the growth and yield of dry onions.
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Chepke, Craig, Stephen R. Marder, Cynthia L. Comella, Carlos Singer, Khodayar Farahmand, and Leslie Lundt. "123 Long-Term Outcomes with Valbenazine 40 mg/day in Adults With Tardive Dyskinesia." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (2020): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000413.
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Abstract:Study Objective:Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a persistent and potentially disabling movement disorder, is associated with prolonged exposure to antipsychotics and other dopamine receptor blocking agents. Valbenazine (VBZ) is a novel and highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor approved for the treatment of TD in adults. Using data from two long-term phase 3 studies (KINECT 3 [K3], NCT02274558; KINECT 4 [K4], NCT02405091) and a rollover study (1506, NCT02736955), the long-term outcomes of once-daily VBZ on TD were examined in participants who received 40mg or had a dose reduction from 80 to 40mg.Methods:The effects of VBZ 40mg (as well as VBZ 80mg) were evaluated in the following studies: the pivotal K3 study (6 weeks double-blind, placebo controlled), the extension phase of K3 (42 additional weeks of VBZ, 4 week discontinuation), and the open-label K4 study (48 weeks of VBZ, 4 week discontinuation). Completers from K3 extension and K4 were invited to participate in 1506 (up to 72 additional weeks of VBZ or until commercial availability of VBZ). Few participants reached Week 60 (n=4) or Week 72 (n=0) in the 1506 study before termination. Analyses focused on VBZ 40mg in two populations: pooled K3/K4 (participants who received VBZ 40mg throughout K3 or K4 or who had a dose reduction [80/40mg] during K3 or K4); and 1506 (participants who received VBZ 40mg from beginning of K3 or K4 to last visit in 1506 or who had a dose reduction [80/40mg] at any time). Outcomes for the K3/K4 population included mean change from baseline (CFB) in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) total score (sum of items 1-7) and AIMS response (≥50% total score improvement from baseline) at Week 48 of K3 or K4. Outcomes for the 1506 population included a Clinical Global Impression of Severity-Tardive Dyskinesia (CGIS-TD) score ≤2 (“normal, not at all ill” or “borderline ill”).Results:In the K3/K4 population, AIMS CFB to Week 48 indicated mean TD improvements in participants who received 40mg continuously (40mg, -5.7 [n=54]) and in those who had a dose reduction to 40mg (80/40mg, -6.2 [n=13]). In addition, a majority of these participants had an AIMS response after 48 weeks of treatment (40mg, 53.7%; 80/40mg, 53.8%). In the 1506 population, the percentage of participants who had a CGIS-TD score ≤2 (rating of “normal, not at all ill” or “borderline ill”) at Week 12 was 63.6% (7/11) in the 40mg group and 30.8% (4/13) in the 80/40mg group. Data from Weeks 24 to 60 of 1506 were limited by the small sample sizes (<10 participants each in 40mg or 80/40mg group at each of these visits).Conclusions:Based on these analyses and results from published studies, VBZ 40mg may be an effective long-term option for some TD patients. Dose reductions from 80 to 40mg, if necessary, did not appear to compromise long-term benefit.Funding Acknowledgements:This study was sponsored by Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.