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Xie, Binbin. "The application of D2D communication in 60 GHz millimeter wave transmissions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187694.
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Motivated by the increase of traffic load in cellular network and the associated increase of traffic through the network, device-to-device (D2D) communication with 60GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) is a possible solution to manage this future task. In this research project, our investigation focuses on the benefits of combining D2D links and conventional links with 60 GHz mmWave. Our investigation is performed in two phases. At first, we consider a network that has only two users, to provide a better understanding of the performance of different communication schemes with 60 GHz mmWave in simplified circumstances. Subsequently, from the realistic point of view, a multi-users system is introduced in latter to detect the relation between system throughput, antenna beamwidth, and interference model. Meanwhile, to ensure the accuracy of system performance, an accuracy improvement algorithm based on iterative algorithm is purposed in the project either. Simulation results show that, the system with D2D communication and conventional communication together improves performance of system with pure conventional system under 60 GHz mmWave. The capacity can improve more than 13 times with 60 GHz mmWave under highly directional antenna compared with 5 GHz transmission, and system performance highly depends on antenna beamwidth and traffic load. Meanwhile, interference analysis indicates that the interference is not a significant factor for 60 GHz mmWave communication. Finally, the ratio for D2D links under different propagation conditions describes the appropriate environment of using D2D communication in network. Key words: 60 GHz millimetre wave, D2D communication, antenna beamwidth, traffic load, Interference analysis, and accuracy improvement algorithm.Motiverad av ökningen i mobila nätverks trafikbelastning samt även den relaterade trafiken genom nätverket. Detta projekt fokuserar på fördelarna med nätverk kombinerat D2D och konventionella länkar med 60 GHz mmWave att hantera denna framtida uppgift. Vår undersökning utförs i två faser. Först föreställer vi oss ett nätverk som endast har två användare, för att bättre förstå olika kommunikationssystem genomförs dessa i förenklade omständigheter. Därefter, från den realistiska synvinkeln, är ett multi-användar system introducerat för att undersöka förhållandet mellan systemets antennbandbrebb och störningar. Simuleringsresultat visar att kapaciteten kan förbättras mer än 13 gånger med 60GHz mmWave under en mycket riktad antenn jämfört med 5GHz överföring, och systemets prestanda är mycket beroende av antennens bandbredd och trafikbelastning. Samtidigt indikerar störningsanalys att störningen inte är en signifikant faktor för 60 GHz mmWave.
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Xu, Hao. "Terrestrial radio wave propagation at millimeter-wave frequencies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27522.
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This research focuses on radio wave propagation at millimeter-wave frequencies. A measurement based channel characterization approach is taken in the investigation.
First, measurement techniques are analyzed. Three types of measurement systems are designed, and implemented in measurement campaigns: a narrowband measurement system, a wideband measurement system based on Vector Network Analyzer, and sliding correlator systems at 5.8+AH4AXA-mbox{GHz}, 38+AH4AXA-mbox{GHz} and 60+AH4AXA-mbox{GHz}. The performances of these measurement systems are carefully compared both analytically and experimentally.
Next, radio wave propagation research is performed at 38+AH4AXA-mbox{GHz} for Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS). Wideband measurements are taken on three cross-campus links at Virginia Tech. The goal is to determine weather effects on the wideband channel properties. The measurement results include multipath dispersion, short-term variation and signal attenuation under different weather conditions. A design technique is developed to estimate multipath characteristics based on antenna patterns and site-specific information.
Finally, indoor propagation channels at 60+AH4AXA-mbox{GHz} are studied for Next Generation Internet (NGI) applications. The research mainly focuses on the characterization of space-time channel structure. Multipath components are resolved both in time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA). Results show an excellent correlation between the propagation environments and the channel multipath structure.
The measurement results and models provide not only guidelines for wireless system design and installation, but also great insights in millimeter-wave propagation.Ph. D.
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Bouayadi, Ossama El. "Module wireless 60 GHz intégré en 3D sur silicium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT069/document.
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L'évolution des nœuds technologiques dans l'industrie des semi-conducteurs se traduit de nos jours, dans le domaine des radiofréquences, par une miniaturisation des front-ends et une amélioration des performances électriques des émetteurs-récepteurs à des fréquences de plus en plus hautes. Cette évolution a conduit à la diversification des applications en bandes millimétriques (30 – 300 GHz) dans les secteurs des télécommunications, du divertissement multimédia, de l'automobile et de la sécurité. Plus particulièrement, le secteur des télécommunications connaît aujourd'hui une réelle révolution avec la création de nouveaux standards pour les liens sans-fil millimétriques à courte portée (comme WiGiG et IEEE 802.11ad) et l'apparition de nouvelles architectures basées sur des liaisons point-à-point qui constitueront dans les prochaines années la colonne vertébrale de la cinquième génération des réseaux mobiles. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, un intérêt particulier sera porté sur les modules intégrés sans fils et à faible consommation opérant dans la bande 57 – 66 GHz (dite généralement 60 GHz). A ces fréquences, la longueur d'onde en espace libre est comparable aux dimensions caractéristiques des boitiers standards utilisés pour l'encapsulation des transceivers. Il devient donc envisageable d'intégrer les antennes ainsi que d'autres composants passifs directement dans l'empilement technologique du circuit ou dans le boitier. Cette nouvelle génération de dispositifs électroniques, destinés au marché des terminaux portables, introduit de nouveaux défis en termes de performances électriques, de fiabilité mécanique, de coût et de possibilités d'industrialisation. Le packaging microélectronique joue dans ce cas un rôle principal dans la définition des performances globales du système qui s'étend au-delà de la simple protection de circuits intégrés pour couvrir d'autres fonctions d'intégration de divers dispositifs actifs et passifs. L'axe principal d'étude adopté ici porte sur le packaging d'un module SiP (System-in-Package) intégré en 3D et réalisé en technologie interposer silicium. Le mémoire de thèse s'articule en quatre chapitres : Le premier chapitre donne dans un premier temps une brève introduction aux bandes millimétriques et aux conditions de propagation spécifiques à ces bandes avant de présenter des exemples d'applications relevant de divers domaines civils et militaires. Ensuite, nous dressons un état de l'art des modules SiP millimétriques intégrés selon différentes approches technologiques. Le second chapitre est consacré à l'étude d'un module 60 GHz intégré sur silicium haute-résistivité en technologie interposer silicium. Nous nous intéressons aux méthodes de caractérisation adaptées aux diverses briques technologiques du back-end silicium spécifique aux applications RF-millimétriques et notamment les interconnexions, les matériaux diélectriques ainsi que les antennes intégrées. La caractérisation inclut également un test d'émission-réception entre deux modules 60 GHz. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous proposons d'améliorer le module grâce à un nouveau design d'antennes utilisant le concept de Surface Haute-Impédance (SHI). Ce design est destiné à octroyer plus de compacité et plus de fiabilité au module tout en conservant ses performances électriques. Finalement, le quatrième chapitre détaille les étapes de fabrication du véhicule de test antennaire ainsi que des résultats de caractérisation des antennes et des nouveaux matériaux diélectriques utilisés pour l'empilement technologiqueThe evolution of semi-conductor technology nodes has led to a significant miniaturization of today's RF front-ends and to the enhancement of the electrical performance of transceivers at higher frequencies. This leads to the diversification of RF/millimeter-wave (30 – 300 GHz) applications in the fields of telecommunications, multimedia entertainment, automotive and security. More specifically, telecommunications are going through a real revolution with the creation of new standards (such as WiGiG and IEEE 802.11ad) and the introduction of new network architectures based on point-to-point links as the backbone of the 5th generation of mobile networks. In this PhD work, we will focus on integrated wireless and low consumption modules operating in the 57 – 66 GHz band (generally designated as the 60 GHz band). At these frequencies, the free-space wavelength is comparable to the characteristic dimensions of most standard transceiver packages. This opens an opportunity to integrate the antennas as well as other passive components directly to the metal/dielectric stack or in the package. This new generation of electronic devices which are dedicated to the nomad terminal market brings new challenges in terms of electrical performance, mechanical reliability, cost and manufacturability. Microelectronic packaging plays in this case a key role in defining the global performance of the system. Its functions extend beyond the protection of the IC and cover other schemes with opportunities to integrate passive and active devices. This work focuses on the study of an SiP module (System-in-Package) featuring 3D integration on Silicon interposer. The dissertation comprises four chapters and is structured as follows: In the first chapter, a brief introduction of millimeter-waves and their propagation conditions is given. Then, examples of current and emerging civilian and military applications are addressed. State of the art of SiP/mmW modules is then presented according to different technology approaches proposed by industrial and academic contributors. The second chapter is dedicated to the study of a 60 GHz integrated module on a high-resistivity silicon interposer chip. We focus on electrical characterization methods which are adapted to different building blocks of the silicon back-end technology. These include interconnects, dielectrics and integrated antennas. The characterization steps also include full-scale and standard-compliant tests of two communicating 60 GHz modules. In the third chapter, we propose to improve the existing module with a novel antenna design based on a High-Impedance Surface (HIS) reflector. This design is intended to bring more compactness and higher reliability to the original one while conserving the overall electrical performance. Finally, the fourth chapter deals with the fabrications and experimental validation of the antenna test vehicle as well as the wideband characterization of the dielectrics used for the new stack
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Amadjikpe, Arnaud Lucres. "Integrated antennas on organic packages and cavity filters for millimeter-wave and microwave communications systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43585.
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Driven by the ever growing consumer wireless electronics market and the need for higher speed communications, the 60-GHz technology gifted with an unlicensed 9 GHz frequency band in the millimeter-wave spectrum has emerged as the next-generation Wi-Fi for short-range wireless communications. High-performance, cost-effective, and small form-factor 60-GHz antenna systems for portable devices are key enablers of this technology. This work presents various antenna architectures built on low-cost organic packages. Planar end-fire switched beam antenna modules that can easily conform to various surfaces inside a wireless device platform are developed. The planar antenna package is realized on thin flexible LCP dielectrics. One design is based on a planar Yagi-Uda antenna element and the second on a tapered slot antenna element. A low-loss microstrip-to-slot via transition is designed to provide wide impedance matching for end-fire antenna paradigms. The novel transition utilizes the slow-wave concept to provide unbalanced to balanced mode conversion as well as impedance matching. It is demonstrated that the planar antenna packages may be even integrated with active circuits that are cavity recessed inside the thin dielectric. A compact switched-beam antenna module is demonstrated. The first-ever integrated mm-wave active antenna module on organic package capable of generating both broadside and end-fire radiation is also developed in this work. Both broadside and end-fire radiators are co-designed and integrated into a single multilayer package to achieve optimal directivity, efficiency and frequency bandwidth and yet maintain excellent isolation between the two radiators. Post-wall cavities, image theory and dielectric slab modes concepts are invoked to optimize these functions. Active circuitry are integrated into the same package to add control functions such as beam switching, and also amplify the packaged-antenna gain when operated either as a transmitter or a receiver. A significant challenge in the design of antenna systems for wireless platforms is the assessment of embedded antenna performance, that is, the proximity effects of the platform chassis on the embedded antenna. Various antennas are mounted at different locations inside a laptop computer chassis: modeling and experimental studies are carried out to characterize this problem that is apparent to an antenna behind a radome.
Air traffic control radars usually require cavity filters that can handle high power and low in-band insertion loss while providing enough out-band rejection to prevent interference with neighboring channels. Such radars that operate in the S-band consist of filter banks frequency micro electromechanical systems (RF-MEMS) switches. Evanescent-mode mode cavity resonators are loaded with RF-MEMS tuning capacitance networks to control the resonant frequency of a second-order bandpass filter. The second part is the design of a novel cavity filter architecture for enhanced selectivity near the passband. It is a second-order folded cavity resonator bandpass filter with magnetic source-load cross coupling. This filter can have at least two finite transmission zeros near the passband.
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Llano, Franz Sebastian Bedoya. "Desenvolvimento de defasadores baseados em MEMS e linhas de transmissão de ondas lentas para aplicações em 60 GHz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-10042018-080717/.
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Este trabalho, desenvolvido junto ao Grupo de Novos Materiais e Dispositivos (GNMD) pertencente ao Laboratório de Microeletrônica (LME) da Universidade de São Paulo, apresenta a modelagem de um defasador passivo miniaturizado com baixas perdas para aplicações em ondas milimétricas (mmW-milimeter waves). Este defasador é baseado em um conceito inovador utilizando sistemas micro-eletromecânicos (MEMS) distribuídos e linhas de transmissão coplanares de ondas lentas. Este conceito é proposto no projeto Jovem Pesquisador FAPESP (Processo no. 2011/18167-3), ao qual este projeto está vinculado. A defasagem neste tipo de dispositivo é conseguida pela liberação das fitas da camada de blindagem de uma linha de transmissão tipo S-CPW (Shielded-Coplanar Waveguide). As fitas liberadas podem ser movimentadas eletrostaticamente, o que praticamente não consome energia. Este projeto pretende projetar um defasador para fabricação com a tecnologia do Laboratório de Microeletrônica da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Adicionalmente, este trabalho apresenta resultados experimentais de um processo de fabricação IN-HOUSE baseado na metodologia de integração por flip-chip. A tecnologia de integração implementada é baseada na soldagem de um chip sobre um substrato, no qual são construídos uma nova geração de pilares de cobre finos, cujo espaçamento entre pilares é menor que 100 ?m. Essa redução nas dimensões pode ser usada com a nova geração de dispositivos de comunicações na faixa das mmW. Em termos de fabricação, foram obtidos pilares de cobre altamente miniaturizados com uma altura significativa e uniforme que permite a integração com o chip. Além do mais, os resultados obtidos representam avanços significativos no processo de fabricação que será usado como tecnologia de integração híbrida em um interposer baseado em substrato de alumina nanoporosa (MnM-Metallic Nanowire Membrane). Esse interposer desempenha um papel indispensável no GNMD, já que atualmente estão sendo estudadas suas propriedades elétricas e já foram construídos dispositivos sobre o substrato com resultados promissores.This work, performed at the New Materials and Devices Group (GNMD) of the Microelectronics Laboratory of the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, presents the modeling of a miniaturized passive phase shifter with low losses for applications in millimeter waves. It is based on an innovated concept, which uses distributed MEMS phase shifters and slow-wave coplanar wave guides. Such concept is proposed under the FAPESP Youth Researcher project (Process number 2011/18167-3). The phase shifter on this kind of device is achieved by releasing the shielding layer of the Shielded-Coplanar Waveguide. The released ribbons are electrostatically displaced, which does not consume energy. The aim of this project is to design a phase shifter for fabrication with the technology available at the Microelectronics Laboratory. Additionally, this work presents experimental results of a flip-chip fabrication process. This technology is based on next generation of fine pitch copper pillar bumping, with pillar pitch of less than 100 ?m that support next generation of communication devices at the millimeter wave frequency range. From the fabrication point-of-view, highly miniaturized copper pillars with appropriate thicknesses were obtained. Furthermore, the results obtained represent a significant advance in the fabrication process that will be used as a hybrid integration technology on an interposer based on a nanoporous alumina substrate (MnM-Metallic Nanowire Membrane).
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Mallavarpu, Navin. "Large signal model development and high efficiency power amplifier design in cmos technology for millimeter-wave applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44711.
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This dissertation presents a novel large signal modeling approach which can be used to accurately model CMOS transistors used in millimeter-wave CMOS power amplifiers. The large signal model presented in this work is classified as an empirical compact device model which incorporates temperature-dependency and device periphery scaling. These added features allow for efficient design of multi-stage CMOS power amplifiers by virtue of the process-scalability. Prior to the presentation of the details of the model development, background is given regarding the 90nm CMOS process, device test structures, de-embedding methods and device measurements, all of which are necessary preliminary steps for any device modeling methodology. Following discussion of model development, the design of multi-stage 60GHz Class AB CMOS power amplifiers using the developed model is shown, providing further model validation. The body of research concludes with an investigation into designing a CMOS power amplifier operating at frequencies close to the millimeter-wave range with a potentially higher-efficiency class of power amplifier operation. Specifically, a 24GHz 130nm CMOS Inverse Class F power amplifier is simulated using a modified version of the device model, fabricated and compared with simulations. This further demonstrates the robustness of this device modeling method.
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Sarkar, Saikat. "Silicon-based millimeter-wave front-end development for multi-gigabit wireless applications." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26590.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Laskar, Joy; Committee Member: Chang, Jae Joon; Committee Member: Cressler, John D.; Committee Member: Kornegay, Kevin T.; Committee Member: Lee, Chang-Ho; Committee Member: Tentzeris, Manos M.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Kukshya, Vikas. "Wideband Terrestrial Path Loss Measurement Results For Characterization of Pico-cell Radio Links at 38 GHz and 60 GHz Bands of Frequencies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33669.
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The advent of Internet based digital services, and bandwidth-intensive business and personal applications has necessitated deployment of broadband network access technologies. Research analysts project that the U.S. market for broadband wireless networking will grow to nearly $2 billion by 2004 and Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) have enormous potential to emerge as the most reliable and cost-effective solution. However, in order to design and deploy LMDS systems, it is vital for system designers to be able to predict the behavior of mm-waves (28, 38 and 60GHz) during different weather conditions, especially rain. This research attempts to characterize the performance of pico-cell scenario broadband wireless channels by measuring path loss statistics during different weather conditions.
Hardware and software components of a wideband direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSS) channel sounding system, used extensively throughout measurement campaigns, are discussed in detail in this dissertation. The measurement plan comprehensively describes the methodology, logistics, equipment setup, and calibration procedures for propagation measurement campaigns.
Power Delay Profile (PDP) snapshots recorded during measurement campaigns are thoroughly analyzed using the 'Channel Imaging Analysis Suite' and Path Loss as well as Rain Attenuation statistics, calculated from recorded PDP data files, are classified and tabulated on the basis of measurement locations, propagation frequencies and antenna polarizations. Path Loss Exponent values are also calculated and Rain Attenuation statistics are compared with popular rain models. Results from Frequency Diversity measurement campaigns are also presented.Master of Science
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Orlic, Yovan. "Dispositifs flexibles de communication à 60 GHz reconfigurables mécaniquement." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0002/document.
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Il y a à l’heure actuelle un grand besoin d’antennes reconfigurables dans la bande des 60 GHz pour des applications de télédétection et de télécommunication sans fil. Les solutions traditionnelles de reconfiguration sont basées sur des semi-conducteurs ou des composants RF-MEMS conventionnels dont le coût, la complexité et les pertes croissent avec la fréquence.Dans cette thèse une approche originale a été développée : elle est basée sur la reconfiguration mécanique d’antennes et de dispositifs sur substrat élastomère souple PDMS et l’utilisation d’actionneurs MEMS grand déplacement.L’histoire et le contexte de la télécommunication sont abordés pour faire comprendre l’intérêt récent pour la communication à 60 GHz ainsi que la nécessité de la reconfiguration et l’avantage de la reconfiguration mécanique à cette fréquence. Le PDMS, polymère ultra-souple de choix est ensuite étudié en détail. Il est caractérisé mécaniquement et diélectriquement. Sont ensuite présenté les applications développées par cette approche : des antennes accordables en fréquence ainsi que des dispositifs permettant un balayage de l’espace. Différents mode d’actionnement (pneumatique, magnétique, interaction électro-fluidique) sont explorésThere is an increasing need for tunable antennas in the 60 GHz band for remote sensing application and wireless communication. Traditional tuning solutions are based on semiconductor or conventional RF-MEMS but these component face cost, complexity and losses issues at millimeter waves. In this thesis, an original approach was developed: it is based on the mechanical reconfiguration of millimeter wave microstrip antennas and devices printed on ultrasoft elastomeric PDMS substrate, thanks to large displacement MEMS actuators.First, a quick history and context on the telecommunication explain the recent interest toward the 60 GHz band for telecommunication and the need for tenability and advantage of mechanical tenability at this frequencies. The ultrasoft polymeric PDMS is then studied. It is caracterised both mechanically and dielectrially. Then the different applications developed during this thesis are presented: frequency tunable antenna and beam steering systems. Different actuation solution (pneumatic, magnetic, electro-fluidic interaction) are explored
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Sarimin, Nuraishah. "Transmitter design in the 60 GHz frequency band." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066638.
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Avec la prolifération des appareils électroniques portables et mobiles communicants, il est recommandé de pouvoir échanger des données rapidement et commodément entre les appareils. Avec la pénurie de bande passante et la congestion dans le spectre des fréquences faibles, la technologie de communication à ondes millimétriques (Mm-wave) est considérée comme l'une des technologies clés du futur pour permettre des applications sans fil à débit élevé grâce à son large spectre abondant. Les nœuds de technologie CMOS avancés sont dotés de ft et fmax plus élevés qui permettent une utilisation peu coûteuse et généralisée de ce spectre. Cependant, de nombreux défis associés à la conception de circuits et de systèmes RF millimétriques en utilisant des technologies CMOS avancées ont été identifiés. L’amplificateur de puissance (PA) a été identifié comme étant le bloc le plus difficile à concevoir dans un émetteur-récepteur intégré RF millimétrique. Le concept au niveau du système de l’architecture basse puissance est d’abord étudié et des blocs clés tels que l’antenne 60 GHz et le modulateur OOK dans la technologie CMOS 130nm ont été présentés. Cette thèse explore également les défis de conception de l’amplificateur de puissance à ondes millimétriques dans la technolgie 28nm UTBB-FDSOI. Trois conceptions différentes d’amplificateur de puissance de 60 GHz ont été démontrées dans 28nm LVT FDSOI : 1) Un PA cascode à deux étages, 2) Un PA différentiel à deux étages à base de transformateur, 3) Un PA différentiel à deux étages à puissance combinée. Les performances simulées, y compris la prise en compte des parasites principaux de disposition ont été présentées. Les travaux futurs incluront l’intégration sur puce avec le PAWith the proliferation of portable and mobile electronic devices, there is a strong need to exchange data quickly and conveniently between devices encouraging to overcome challenges in bandwidth shortages and congestion in the lower frequencies spectrum. Millimeter-wave (Mm-wave) technology is considered as one of the future key technologies to enable high data rates wireless applications due to its large abundant spectrum. Advanced CMOS technology nodes comes with high ft and fmax, enable low cost and widespread use of this spectrum. However, many associated challenges ranging from device, circuit and system perspectives for the implementation of a highly integrated mm-wave transceiver especially the power amplifier (PA) which identified to be the most challenging RF block to be designed. The system level concept of low power architecture is firstly studied and key blocks such as 60 GHz antenna and OOK modulateur in 130nm CMOS technology were presented. This thesis also explores the design challenges of mm-wave power amplifier in 28nm UTBB-FDSOI technology. Three different designs of 60 GHz power amplifier were demonstrated in 28nm LVT FDSOI : 1) A two-stage cascode PA, 2) A two-stage differential PA with low-km TMN, 3) A power combined two-stage differential PA with low-km TMN. The simulated performance including the consideration of key layout parasitics were presented. Future work will include for on-chip integration with the PA
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Juntunen, Eric Andrew. "60 GHz CMOS pico-joule/bit OOK receiver design for multi-gigabit per second wireless communications." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29723.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Laskar, Joy; Committee Member: Cressler, John; Committee Member: Tentzeris, Manos. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Juntunen, Eric A. "Low-power, high-efficiency, and high-linearity CMOS millimeter-wave circuits and transceivers for wireless communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44703.
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This dissertation presents the design and implementation of circuits and transceivers in CMOS technology to enable many new millimeter-wave applications. A simple approach is presented for accurately modeling the millimeter-wave characteristics of transistors that are not fully captured by contemporary parasitic extraction techniques. Next, the integration of a low-power 60-GHz CMOS on-off keying (OOK) receiver in 90-nm CMOS for use in multi-gigabit per second wireless communications is demonstrated. The use of non-coherent OOK demodulation by a novel demodulator enabled a data throughput of 3.5 Gbps and resulted in the lowest power budget (31pJ/bit) for integrated 60-GHz CMOS OOK receivers at the time of publication. Also presented is the design of a high-power, high-efficiency 45-GHz VCO in 45-nm SOI CMOS. The design is a class-E power amplifier placed in a positive feedback configuration. This circuit achieves the highest reported output power (8.2 dBm) and efficiency (15.64%) to date for monolithic silicon-based millimeter-wave VCOs. Results are provided for the standalone VCO as well as after packaging in a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. In addition, a high-power high-efficiency (5.2 dBm/6.1%) injection locked oscillator is presented. Finally, the design of a 2-channel 45-GHz vector modulator in 45-nm SOI CMOS for LINC transmitters is presented. A zero-power passive IQ generation network and a low-power Gilbert cell modulator are used to enable continuous 360° vector generation. The IC is packaged with a Wilkinson power combiner on LCP and driven by external DACs to demonstrate the first ever 16-QAM generated by outphasing modulation in CMOS in the Q-band.
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Khayatzadeh, Ramin. "Convergence des technologies optique et radio pour la génération dédiée aux communications aux fréquences supérieures à 60 GHz." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT074/document.
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Ces travaux de recherche portent sur les systèmes de communication radio-sur-fibre aux fréquences millimétriques supérieures à 60 GHz. Cette thèse s’articule autour de trois problématiques cruciales pour ces systèmes : la mesure du bruit de phase des signaux millimétriques instables générés par voie optique, la suppression de l’impact du bruit de phase sur les performances des systèmes de communications radio-sur-fibre par l’utilisation de techniques de conversion de fréquence non-cohérente, et enfin l’étude de l’impact du bruit d’intensité sur les performances des systèmes à détection non-cohérente. La première partie du travail présente une nouvelle technique de détection numérique du bruit de phase, capable de mesurer le bruit de phase à n’importe quelle fréquence millimétrique générée par voie optique et donc le plus souvent instable. Il est possible de mesurer le bruit de phase pour une large gamme de fréquences de décalage, allant de fréquence très proches de la porteuse à des bruits lointains grâce à l’adaptation de la résolution fréquentielle de la mesure. Cette mesure se fait de plus sans l’approximation des petits angles, très souvent utilisés. Dans la deuxième partie, un système de communication millimétrique basé sur une détection non-cohérente est étudié. L’étage de conversion de fréquences électrique permettant l’analyse des signaux est réalisé avec une détection d’enveloppe, ce qui permet de s’affranchir des variations de phase et de fréquence de la porteuse générée par voie optique. Pour terminer, des études théoriques et expérimentales sont menées sur l’impact du bruit d’amplitude sur les systèmes radio-sur-fibre utilisant ce type de détection non-cohérente. Les simulations, basées sur des modèles théoriques, sont capables de déterminer quel bruit est prédominant lors des mesures d’EVM parmi les bruits optiques et électriques. Cette technique s’appuie sur l’observation de l’évolution de l’EVM sur la puissance optique reçueThis Ph.D. investigates the radio over fiber communication systems at mm-wave frequencies higher than 60 GHz. The thesis elaborates on three crucial issues in these systems including:phase noise measurement of unstable optically generated mm-wave signals, elimination ofphase noise impact on performance of radio over fiber systems using non-coherent down conversion technique, and studying the amplitude noise impacts on performance of system based on these detectors. In the first part of this work, a new digital phase noise measurement technique is presented which is able to extract the phase noise of any unstable mm-waveoptically generated signal. This technique is able to measure the phase noise for a widerange of offset frequencies from close-in phase noise to far noise floor by adapting frequency resolution of measurement and without considering small angle approximation. In the second part, we present a radio over fiber system at mm-wave frequency based on non-coherent electrical frequency down conversion stage using an envelope detector which is robust against phase and frequency fluctuations of the optically generated carrier signal. Finally, a the oreticaland experimental study of amplitude noise impact on performance of radio over fiber systemsbased on non-coherent receivers is presented. In this study, a simulation technique based ontheory is developed which is able to determine, among different optical and electrical noise, the one which has the dominant effect on EVM results. This simulation technique is based onobserving the EVM evolution versus received optical power
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Peter, Michael [Verfasser], Slawomir [Akademischer Betreuer] Stanczak, Slawomir [Gutachter] Stanczak, Thomas [Gutachter] Kürner, and Sana [Gutachter] Salous. "Measurement, characterization and modeling of millimeter-wave channels : from 60 GHz to 5G / Michael Peter ; Gutachter: Slawomir Stanczak, Thomas Kürner, Sana Salous ; Betreuer: Slawomir Stanczak." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156179181/34.
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Mavridis, Theodoros. "Channel modeling for 60 GHz Body Area Networks." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216743.
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The smart environments and the connected human seems to be the future of wireless communications. The development of new frequency bands in the millimeter range will allow us to create high data rate communications which will led to the Wireless Body Environment Networks. In this kind of scenarios, it is expected that the user and the environment will interact. In order to develop such new applications, it is necessary to first study the propagation mechanisms and then, the communication channel underlying body centric environments. This thesis treats of channel models for 60 GHz Body Area Networks and more particularly of three kinds of scenarios: (i) the communication between an external base station and a worn node (off-body); (ii) the communication between two worn nodes (on-body); the communication between an external base station and a hand-held device (near-body). An indoor off-body channel model is numerically proposed and implemented. The model is based on the IEEE 802.11ad indoor standard channel at 60 GHz and a fast computation solution of the scattering of a plane wave by a circular cylinder. The model is developed for two orthogonal polarizations and the communications performances are studied. The on-body propagation is studied for two different configurations: line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight communications on the body. These scenarios led to different solutions for the channel knowing as, respectively, Norton’s equations and creeping formulations. These solutions are obtained using simplified geometries which has been experimentally validated. Further, in order to improve the propagation on the human body, a technique using metallic plates has been proposed. This technique has been theoretically studied using Milligton’s equations and experimentally assessed on a flat phantom with the properties of the human skin. The proposed method allows to save up to 20 dB. Finally, the near-body communication scenario has been introduced and studied. The near-body region is extended from 5 to 30 cm away of the user body which corresponds to the arm’s reach and models a handheld device. A numerical algorithm has been proposed to model indoor near-body environments. Also, a special has been given to statistical body shadowing. It has been shown that the fading follows a Two-Wave Diffuse Power distribution.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Razafimahatratra, Solofo. "Contribution au dimensionnement d'une liaison radio sur le corps humain :études canal et antenne à 60 GHz." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/262203/5/contratSR.pdf.
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The band around 60 GHz is interesting for BAN applications mainly for lowerinterference than at microwave frequencies, wide available band adapted to On-Off Keying(OOK) modulation for low energy consumption and low data rate communication (under10 Mbps), antenna miniaturization. Nevertheless, due to high attenuation at this frequency,the design of a reliable and energy-effective communications for BANs requires a detailedanalysis of the body channel. A planar and compact SIW horn antenna was designed and usedfor body channel measurements at 60 GHz. The main contribution in the antenna design is thebandwidth enhancement covering the whole available band around 60 GHz compared to thesame antenna type available at this frequency. The on-body measurements with this antennashow that short-distance and LOS (Line Of Sight) links are possible at 60 GHz. The bodydynamic is taken into account by statistical off-body channel measurements. For the firsttime, measurements are done for the same scenarios at 60 GHz and another frequency in theUltra WideBand suitable with OOK impulse radio modulation. By taking into accounttransmission power standards and low power consumption receivers sensitivity in theliterature, the potentiality of 60 GHz for BAN is shown with an outage probability lower than8 % whereas this parameter is lower than 15 % at 4 GHz. When characterizing antenna onbody, difficulties arise for antenna de-embedding due to the antenna-body coupling. In fact,the antenna gain depends on transmitter-receiver distance on body. For the first time, aformulation of the vertical dipole gain on body is given. Also a new theoretical approachbased on the complex images method is proposed to compare two types of canonical antennaradiating on body. A vertical dipole and different rectangular apertures are normalizedthrough their input impedance with the same accepted power. The aperture input impedanceformulation has been developed during this study. The aperture efficiencies are 10% higherwhen antennas are at a height lower than 3 mm above the body phantom. The received powerincreases with the antenna size only for phantom direct touch, the difference among antennasis lower than 4 dB for the considered antennas limited with a monomode configuration.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lee, Jong-Hoon. "Highly Integrated Three Dimensional Millimeter-Wave Passive Front-End Architectures Using System-on-Package (SOP) Technologies for Broadband Telecommunications and Multimedia/Sensing Applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16138.
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The objective of the proposed research is to present a compact system-on-package (SOP)-based passive front-end solution for millimeter-wave wireless communication/sensor applications, that consists of fully integrated three dimensional (3D) cavity filters/duplexers and antenna. The presented concept is applied to the design, fabrication and testing of V-band transceiver front-end modules using multilayer low temperature co-fired (LTCC) technology.
The millimeter-wave front-end module is the foundation of 60 GHz (V-band) wireless systems for short-range multimedia applications, such as high-speed internet access, video streaming and content download. Its integration poses stringent challenges in terms of high performance, large number of embedded passive components, low power consumption, low interference between integrated components and compactness. To overcome these major challenges, a high level of integration of embedded passive functions using low-cost and high-performance materials that can be laminated in 3D, such as the multilayer LTCC, is significantly critical in the module-level design.
In this work, various compact and high-performance passive building blocks have been developed in both microstrip and cavity configurations and their integration, enabling a complete passives integration solution for 3D low-cost wireless millimeter-wave front-end modules. It is worthy to note that most of the designs implemented comes away with novel ideas and is presented as the first extensive state-of-art components, entirely validated by measured data at 60 GHz bands.
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Larsson, David. "Design and Test of: Wide Band and Highly Polarized Antenna for 60GHz." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332633.
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In this work high gain antennas are investigated for the 60 GHz frequency. The goal is to produce a high bandwidth point-to-point wireless network that could enable improved and new features in embedded systems used to detect particles in high energy physics. A literature study was performed aiming at simple, high gain, highly polarised antennas. Complex designs were grouped into three different groups: flat antenna design, build-up design and multi-antenna design. The multi-antenna design was found to have the simplest design and manufacturing but also feature larger antenna area. Three different designs were produced and tested, standard patch antenna, long patch antenna and a Vivaldi antenna. Manufacturing of a 4-patch antenna was also tested. All three demonstrated expected properties, the Vivaldi shows the best gain while the long patch antenna is slightly below the standard patch antenna. A forth design implementation was also tested using a 3D-printed lens. A lens can increase gain and allow changing beam direction. A lens was design and tested, the results showed an increased gain but with varying results at angels. Antennas were designed and manufactured using simple etching technique showing that further research can be done using simple and easily accessible techniques. Both antenna and lens show good properties and should be further investigated and validated.I det här arbetet har antenner med hög förstärkning vid frekvensen 60 GHz undersökts. Målet är att utveckla punkt-till-punkt nätverk med hög bandbredd för detektorer i partikelkolliderare. Idag används trådade nätvärk i detektorn, genom att byta till trådlös dataöverföring kan onödig massa minskas och kvalitet förbättras. En litteraturstudie genomfördes med inriktning mot enkla, starkt förstärkande och kraftigt polariserad antenner. Tre olika typer defineras: platta designer, uppbygda designer och antenngrupper. Antenngrupper var de med enklaste design och tillverkning men också de med störst area relativt de andra. Tre olika antenner tillverkades och testades: patchantenn, lång patchantenn och Vivaldiantenn. Även en 4-patch antenn tillverkades. Produktionen av alla antenner höll hög kvalitet och de testade egenskaperna var förväntade. Vivaldiantennen hade starkast förstärkning av de testade antennerna, den långa patchantennen presterade strax under standard patchantennen. Även tester av en antenngrupp bestående av en patch antenn oc hen antennlins gjordes. Genom att använda en lins kan förstärkningen ökas och riktningen ändras. En lins designades och tillverkades med en 3D-skrivare. Resultat från tester visade på en ökad förstärkning men med varierande resultat vid vinklar. Antenner designades och tillverkades med en enkel etsningsmetod, detta visar att forsatta undersökningar kan utnyttja enkel och lättilgänlig teknik. Goda resultat uppvisades med både antenner och lins. Framtida studier kan utföras för att vidarutveckla och validera konceptet.
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Jany, Clément. "Conception et étude d’une synthèse de fréquence innovante en technologies CMOS avancées pour les applications en bande de fréquence millimétrique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT065/document.
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La bande de fréquence non-licensée autour de 60 GHz est une alternative prometteuse pour couvrir les besoins en bande passante des futurs systèmes de communication. L'utilisation de modulations complexes (comme OFDM ou 64-QAM) à ces fréquences permet d'atteindre, en utilisant une technologie CMOS standard, des débits de plusieurs gigabits par seconde sur quelques mètres voire quelques dizaines de mètres. Pour atteindre ces performances, la tête d'émission-réception RF (front-end RF) doit être dotée d'une référence de fréquence haute performance. Dans ce travail, une architecture originale est proposée pour générer cette référence de fréquence haute performance. Elle repose sur la multiplication de fréquence d'ordre élevé (plusieurs dizaines) d'un signal de référence basse fréquence (moins de quelques GHz), tout en recopiant les propriétés spectrales du signal basse fréquence. Cette multiplication est réalisée en combinant la production d'un signal multi-harmonique dont la puissance est concentrée autour de la fréquence à synthétiser. L'harmonique d'intérêt est ensuite extraite au moyen d'un filtrage. Ces deux étapes reposent sur l'utilisation d'oscillateurs dans des configurations spécifiques. Ce travail porte à la fois sur la mise en équation et l'étude du fonctionnement de ce système, et sur la conception de circuits dans des technologies CMOS avancées (CMOS 40 nm, BiCMOS 55 nm). Les mesures sur les circuits fabriqués permettent de valider la preuve de concept ainsi que de montrer des performances à l'état de l'art. L'étude du fonctionnement de ce système a conduit à la découverte d'une forme particulière de synchronisation des oscillateurs ainsi qu'à l'expression de solutions approchées de l'équation de Van der Pol dans deux cas pratiques particuliers. Les perspectives de ce travail sont notamment l'intégration de cette synthèse innovante dans un émetteur-récepteur completThe 60-GHz unlicensed band is a promising alternative to perform the high data rate required in the next generation of wireless communication systems. Complex modulations such as OFDM or 64-QAM allow reaching multi-gigabits per second throughput over up to several tens of meters in standard CMOS technologies. This performance rely on the use of high performance millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer in the RF front-end. In this work, an original architecture is proposed to generate this high performance millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer. It is based on a high order (several tens) multiplication of a low frequency reference (few GHz), that is capable of copying the low frequency reference spectral properties. This high order frequency multiplication is performed in two steps. Firstly, a multi-harmonic signal which power is located around the harmonic of interest is generated from the low frequency reference signal. Secondly, the harmonic of interest is filtered out from this multi-harmonic signal. Both steps rely on the specific use of oscillators. This work deals with the circuit design on advanced CMOS technologies (40 nm CMOS, 55 nm BiCMOS) for the proof of concept and on the theoretical study of this system. This novel technique is experimentally validated by measurements on the fabricated circuits and exhibit state-of-the-art performance. The analytical study of this high order frequency multiplication led to the discovery of a particular kind of synchronization in oscillators and to approximated solutions of the Van der Pol equation in two different practical cases. The perspectives of this work include the design of the low frequency reference and the integration of this frequency synthesizer in a complete RF front-end architecture
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Pelegrini, Marcus Vinicius. "Deposição e caracterização de filmes de titanato de estrôncio e bário (Ba0,5Sr0,5(TiO3)) visando a sua utilização na fabricação de defasadores variáveis operando em 60 GHZ." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-26082016-154730/.
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Este trabalho, realizado junto ao Grupo de Novos Materiais e Dispositivos (GNMD) pertencente ao Laboratório de Microeletrônica (LME) da Universidade de São Paulo, teve como objetivo correlacionar algumas propriedades físico-químicas de filmes finos de Ba1-XSrxTiO3 (BST), obtidos pela técnica de pulverização catódica reativa (sputtering), com os parâmetros de deposição, visando a fabricação de defasadores inteligentes operando em 60 GHz. Propriedades como cristalinidade e composição química foram estudadas e relacionadas com o tipo de substrato sobre o qual os filmes finos de BST foram depositados, e com os diversos parâmetros de deposição variados. Foi observada uma forte influência dos parâmetros de deposição, principalmente da temperatura e do tipo de substrato, na cristalinidade dos filmes. Os filmes depositados sobre cobre são mais cristalinos do que aqueles depositados sobre Si. Já a composição química dos filmes não variou significativamente, mantendo-se próxima à do alvo de sputtering utilizado, independentemente do substrato ou das condições de deposição. As propriedades elétricas dos filmes fabricados foram extraídas de capacitores de placas paralelas construídos utilizando o BST como dielétrico linear. As curvas de capacitância vs tensão a 1 MHz destes capacitores permitiram determinar uma variação de tunabilidade de até 44 %, para uma permissividade elétrica relativa de 310, valores estes compatíveis com aqueles encontrados na literatura. As propriedades elétricas dos filmes produzidos permitiram projetar um defasador de 1,3 mm2, com uma figura de mérito de 30º/dB para uma defasagem de 360º.This work, performed at the New Materials and Devices Group (GNMD) of the Microelectronics Laboratory of the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, has the objective to correlate reactive sputtered-BST thin films to its deposition parameters, aiming to produce a 60 GHz tunable phase shifter. Thin film crystallinity and stoichiometry were correlated with sputtering deposition parameters and the type of substrate. A strong influence of the sputtering parameters was observed on BST crystallinity, mainly the temperature and the type of substrate. Thin films on copper are more crystalline than on Si (100). The stoichiometry, on the other hand, did not change as function of the deposition parameters or the substrate in both cases. The thin films electrical properties were obtained by capacitance vs voltage measurements, with the BST as linear dielectric of a parallel plate capacitor. The capacitors 1 MHz C-V characterization showed tunabilities as high as 44%, for an electrical permittivity of 310. These properties allowed a phase shifter project, resulting a 1,3 mm2 device with a figure of merit of 30 º/dB for 360 º phase shift.
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Bisognin, Aimeric. "Évaluation de technologies organiques faibles pertes et d’impression plastique 3D afin de contribuer au développement de solutions antennaires innovantes dans la bande 60 GHz – 140GHz." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4120/document.
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L’émergence des applications mobiles accessibles depuis un smartphone provoque une très forte augmentation du trafic de données transitant sur les réseaux mobiles. L’augmentation de la capacité du réseau et de la rapidité des connexions sont autant de points cruciaux que les nouvelles générations de réseau mobile devront adresser afin de répondre à la demande des utilisateurs. L’une des solutions viables pour augmenter la capacité du réseau mobile consiste à le densifier afin de permettre la réutilisation des fréquences en déployant des stations de base consommant une faible puissance et couvrant de petites surfaces (les "small cells"). Ce mode de déploiement massif en "small cells" constitue un défi majeur pour le réseau de backhaul afin de reconnecter chacune de ces "small cell" au cœur de réseau. De plus, avec l’évolution du réseau de backhaul vers une architecture de type Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN), des technologies sans fil pouvant supporter des débits supérieurs à 10Gbit/s seront requises. Étant donné la maturité des technologies silicium au-delà de 100GHz, la bande 116-142GHz semble être un candidat idéal pour établir des communications point à point supérieures à 10Gbit/s et très faible consommation DC. Dans cette thèse, plusieurs solutions d’antennes-lentilles et réflecteurs fonctionnant à 60, 80 et 120GHz sont explorées pour des systèmes WLAN/WPAN et backhaul. Afin de minimiser le coût de la solution antennaire, nous évaluons des technologies d’impression 3D pour la fabrication des lentilles et des réflecteurs, ainsi que des technologies utilisant des matériaux organiques à faibles pertes pour la fabrication des antennes-sources planairesThe improvement of the capabilities of wireless communication devices (smartphone, tablets …) which require higher and higher data rate, leads to a significant increase of the data traffic needed by each end user. This strong consumer demand for higher data-rate and coverage is stressing a lot the capacity of existing cellular networks. In order to cope with this challenge, one of the most promising solution consists in a network densification based on the deployment of low-power and short-range-radio-coverage base stations (small cells). The development of high data-rate and low power wireless fronthaul and backhaul technologies is a key requirement to enable the deployment of those future small cells (since associated civil works costs generally prevent the use of optical fiber solutions). So far, the wireless industry has been investigating the use of 60 and 80 GHz frequency bands in order to develop low-cost higher than 1Gbit/s backhaul solutions. It is expected that higher data-rate > 10 Gbit/s will be required for fronthaul communications. The broad bandwidth available around 120GHz (116-142GHz) would enable to reach such data rates while lowering the DC power consumption. In this thesis, we develop several lens and reflector antennas operating at 60, 80 and 120GHz for WLAN/WPAN and fronthaul/backhaul networks. In order to minimize the cost of those solutions, we evaluate 3D-printing technologies for the fabrication of the lenses and the reflectors as well as industrial low loss organic packaging technologies for the fabrication of planar antenna-source
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Yamamoto, Silas Demmy. "Integração de sistema transceptor de 60 GHz para aplicações sem fio de interface multimídia de alta definição." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259229.
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Orientador: Jacobus Willibrordus SwartDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yamamoto_SilasDemmy_M.pdf: 5306597 bytes, checksum: 9dd3930c43415f31bf913b4d374c25eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O trabalho intitulado Integração de Sistema Transceptor de 60 GHz para Aplicações Sem Fio de Interface Multimídia de Alta Definição (Wireless HDMI) foi realizado na empresa STMicroelectronics (França), no departamento de P&D de Tecnologia / CAD Central e Soluções, como requisito para a obtenção do título de mestre. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de pesquisar e propor uma integração de sistema do tipo Sistema no Empacotamento (SiP ou System in Package) a nível industrial, com o desenvolvimento de um Módulo de Múltiplos Chips (MCM ou Multi-Chip Module) de camadas cerâmicas com tecnologia Cerâmica Cossinterizada sob Alta Temperatura (HTCC), integrando componentes de diferentes tecnologias - um circuito integrado CMOS 65 nm, um circuito integrado monolítico de micro-ondas (MMIC) de Arseneto de Gálio (GaAs) comercial e antenas IPD (Dispositivo de Integração Passiva) de vidro. Além disso foram desenvolvidas técnicas de projeto de integração na tecnologia HTCC, atendendo-se às regras para fabricação e montagem industrial. Utilizaram-se no projeto ferramentas software de projeto de simulação elétrica e eletromagnética, resultando no módulo com área de 13 x 8 mm2 e 1,12 mm de espessura incluindo os componentes. Nas linhas de transmissão do sinal a 60 GHz e de banda base foram medidas perdas de inserção de 1,0 dB/mm e 0,6 dB respectivamente. A antena integrada no módulo apresentou um ganho mínimo de 6 dBi (de 53,5 a 59,5 GHz), com perda de retorno maior que 10 dB (de 51 a 63 GHz) e um pequeno deslocamento em relação à banda especificada. Os resultados de medição de algumas amostras demonstraram que a tecnologia HTCC, para integração do sistema, é viável tanto em termos de desempenho, quanto nos aspectos industrial e comercial, mesmo antes da análise da montagem e desempenho do MMIC HPA e do sistema
Abstract: This Master's degree work, entitled System-in-Package (SiP) Integration of 60 GHz Transceiver for Wireless High Definition Multimedia Interface Application, was executed at STMicroelectronics Company (France), Minatec site in the department of Research and Technological Development/Central CAD and Solutions Department, under the guidance of PhD. Andreia Cathelin. The objective was to research and propose a SiP integration for industrial production. The Multi-Chip Module with ceramic materials (MCM-C) of High Temperature Cofired Ceramic technology (HTCC) was developed. Components and devices of different technologies - an RF 65 nm CMOS Integrated Circuit (IC), a commercial Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave IC (MMIC), and IPD (Integrated Passive Device) antennas with glass substrate - were integrated into the same module. Further design techniques were developed complying with techniques for industrial assembly and the design rules of Kyocera, the company which provides HTCC technology and module manufacturing. The complete system integration was designed with electronic design automation (EDA) software tools with electrical and electromagnetic simulation resulting in a 13 x 8 mm2 area and 1.12 mm thickness module including its components. The 60 GHz and the base band transmission lines presented an insertion loss of 1.0 dB/mm and 0.6 dB respectively. The IPD antenna integrated in the module presented a 6 dBi minimum gain (53.5 to 59.5 GHz band) with return loss above 10 dB (51 to 63 GHz band) and a small shift of the frequency band. The measurement results of some assembled samples showed that HTCC technology is viable in terms of performance and industrial production for the 60 GHz application, even before the analysis of MMIC HPA and the system evaluation
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Hotte, David. "De la RFID à la MMID 60 GHz : contribution au développement de l'identification par onde radiofréquence en bande millimétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT114/document.
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Avec l'ouverture de la bande 57-66 GHz en Europe, de nouvelles technologies de communication sans fil à haut débit sont en cours de développement. De nombreux avantages liés à cette bande de fréquence ont notamment conduit à envisager la transposition du principe de l'identification par radiofréquence (RFID) en bande millimétrique : la MMID. Les réglementations internationales font notamment apparaître une bande passante commune de 5 GHz qui permettrait la mise en place de solutions universelles. De plus la sécurisation des communications point-à-point et la directivité des réseaux d'antennes offrent des perspectives intéressantes.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à contribuer au développement de la MMID. Ils soulignent les principaux verrous de cette technologie et présentent les différentes solutions proposées qui couvrent de multiples aspects : conception d'antennes et de réseaux d'antennes, conception de prototypes de tags MMID passifs, caractérisation et méthodologie de mesure dont la conception intégrale d'un banc de mesure en bande V, amélioration des performances des tags, et étude de fonctionnalités de capteur intégrées aux tags. Les différents prototypes de tags MMID fabriqués ont permis de réaliser des communications passives de type rétro-modulation jusqu'à 20 cm. De plus, des fonctions de capteur d'humidité et capteur de pression intégrées aux tags MMID ont été montrées expérimentalement. L'ensemble de ces résultats ouvre la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les domaines des télécommunications et des réseaux de capteurs en bande millimétriqueWith the opening of the 57-66 GHz band in Europe, new high data-rate wireless communication technologies are currently under development. Numerous advantages linked to the frequency band conducted to consider the transposition of the radiofrequency identificaion (RFID) principle to the millimeter frequency band: the MMID. The international regulations provide a common bandwidth of 5 GHz allowing universal solutions. Moreover, the communication security of point-to-point networks and the directivities of the antennas present interesting perspectives.The presented work in this thesis looks for contributing to the development of MMID. The work underlines the principal locks of this technology and it presents the different proposed solutions covering multiple aspects: conception of antennas and antennas arrays, conception of MMID tags prototypes, characterization and measurement methodology including the complete conception of a measurement bench in V-band, improvement of the tags performances and study of sensing functionalities integrated in the tags. Different prototypes of MMID tags are fabricated and passive communications based on the backscattering of the tags were demonstrated up to 20 cm. In addition, humidity and pressure sensing functionalities were proved by experimentations. The overall of these results pave the way for new perspectives for the wireless communication domain and sensors networks in the millimeter-wave band
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Abdaoui, Rahma. "Architectures multi-bandes en mode impulsionnel et circuits pour des applications nomades très haut débit autour de 60GHz." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802381.
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Avec la croissance actuelle du marché des applications de transfert de données multimédia à très haut débit, les bandes de fréquences autour de 60 GHz sont une nouvelle alternative promettant des performances intéressantes en terme de débits mais soulèvent des défis techniques et technologiques au niveau des architectures et circuits. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit cette thèse, qui propose une approche multi bande impulsionnelle MBOOK avec un récepteur à détection d'énergie, et qui analyse plus spécifiquement les verrous au niveau de l'émetteur. L'étude du canal de propagation à 60 GHz, basée sur les modèles de canaux du standard IEEE 802.15.3c, a permis de démontrer la potentialité de cette architecture et permet d'atteindre des débits de 2 Gbps à 2metres dans un environnement de type résidentiel. Le dimensionnement de l'architecture ainsi que des performances des principaux blocs ont conduit à plusieurs possibilités pour l'architecture de l'émetteur MBOOK à 60 GHz. Les critères ont été d'assurer un compromis performances, consommation. Une étude approfondie sur l'étude des imperfections de certains blocs critiques et l'impact sur l'impulsion transmise, et donc sur les performances du système ont été établies. Le banc de filtres, nécessaire à l'émission et à la réception, représente l'un des verrous, et nous proposons une solution de filtrage à base de lignes couplées. L'étude des solutions de génération d'impulsions, des étages de commutation, et des étages d'amplification de l'émetteur sont détaillées et discutées dans les deux derniers chapitres
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Sellergren, Albin. "Intra-Vehicle Connectivity : Case study and channel characterization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353678.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of a wireless architectural approach for intra-vehicle communications. The current wired architecture was compared to a wireless approach based on three prominent wireless protocols, namely Bluetooth Low-Energy, Ultra Wide-Band, and 60 GHz Millimeter wave technology. The evaluation was focused on their potential use within the intra-vehicle domain, and judged by characterizing properties such as frequency, bandwidth utilization, and power efficiency. A theoretical study targeting the propagating behavior of electromagnetic waves was also involved. In particular, wireless behavior has been investigated both in general aspects as well as specifically aimed towards the intra-vehicle application. The theoretical study was then concluded and presented with a course of action regarding wireless connectivity. Beneficial design considerations, potentials and challenges were highlighted together with a discussion on the feasibility of a wireless architectural approach. Suggestions for future work and research have been given, which include further expansion of targeted protocols, alleviating the restricted security aspects, and extend the physical aspects onto more software based approaches.
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Leduc, Caroles. "Réseaux corporels sans fil en ondes millimétriques : antenne, propagation et interaction avec le corps." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S084/document.
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Récemment la bande 60 GHz a été mise en avant pour le développement des réseaux de communication sans fil centrés sur le corps humain. Cet intérêt de la bande 60 GHz pour les applications BAN (Body Area Network) s'explique par les avantages clefs qu'elle procure par rapport aux bandes de fréquence plus basses (possibilité de débits de données supérieurs à 7 Gbit/s, réduction des interférences avec les réseaux voisin, compacité des dispositifs, etc). Le nombre d'application de communication BAN est amené à croître dans les années à venir avec le déploiement de la 5ème génération de réseaux de télécommunications mobiles. Afin de protéger efficacement les utilisateurs des expositions générées par ces applications BAN à 60 GHz, il est nécessaire de se pencher sur les problématiques de réduction du couplage corps/antennes, mais également sur l'évaluation et la quantification du niveau d'exposition du corps à 60 GHz. Pour cela, les travaux de thèse ont été organisés suivant trois axes de recherche : le premier consiste à mettre en évidence et à quantifier l'impact de certains choix de conception en matière d'antennes sur le couplage avec le corps humain ; le second porte sur les outils et les méthodes utilisés pour estimer l'impact thermique d'une exposition électromagnétique 60 GHz sur le fantôme équivalent de la peau ; et le troisième propose une nouvelle approche à la fois dosimétrique et thermique pour évaluer et analyser le couplage corps/antennes en bande millimétriqueThe 60-GHz frequency band has been identified recently as attractive for body centric wireless communication development. Indeed, this band has several key advantages compared to lower frequency bands as high data rates above 7 Gbit/s, low risks of interference with neighboring wireless networks and compact devices. With the development of the future 5th generation of mobile networks in the millimeter-wave band, the number of BAN applications at 60 GHz should increase. To avoid health effects and protect user against an electromagnetic exposure of BAN devices at 60 GHz, the reduction of the coupling between human body and antennas, as well as the evaluation and quantification of exposure are main research aspect of the thesis. The main thesis contributions are divided in three parts: a quantification of antenna design effects on the interactions between human body and antennas; a study of tools and methods used to assess thermal effects due to 60 GHz exposure on a skin-equivalent phantom; and a new dosimetric and thermal approach to evaluate interaction between human body and BAN antennas at 60 GHz
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De, Wit W. M. "Linearisation of an FM-CW 94.5 GHz millimeter-wave radar." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2858.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The topic of millimeter wave radar systems is introduced. These radars are used in a wide range of applications in both the aviation and automotive field due to the resolution advantages which MMW systems have above their counterparts. MMW components are studied and characterised to improve on an existing linearisation technique. Different possible linearisation techniques are discussed and compared to choose the best possible technique for this application. This technique was developed and implemented in the existing system.
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Chapman, Michael Wayne. "A 60 Ghz Mmic 4x Subharmonic Mixer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35654.
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In this modern age of information, the demands on data transmission networks for greater capacity, and mobile accessibility are increasing drastically. The increasing demand for mobile access is evidenced by the proliferation of wireless systems such as mobile phone networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs). The frequency range over which an oxygen resonance occurs in the atmosphere (~58-62 GHz) has received recent attention as a possible candidate for secure high-speed wireless data networks with a potentially high degree of frequency reuse. A significant challenge in implementing data networks at 60 GHz is the manufacture of low-cost RF transceivers capable of satisfying the system requirements. In order to produce transceivers that meet the additional demands of high-volume, mobility, and compactness, monolithic millimeter wave integrated circuits (MMICs) offer the most practical solution.
In the design of radio tranceivers with a high degree of integration, the receiver front-end is typically the most critical component to overall system performance. High-performance low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are now realizable at frequencies in excess of 100 GHz, and a wide variety of mixer topologies are available that are capable of downconversion from 60 GHz. However, local oscillators (LOs) capable of providing adequate output power at mm-wave frequencies remain bulky and expensive. There are several techniques that allow the use of a lower frequency microwave LO to achieve the same RF downconversion. One of these is to employ a subharmonic mixer. In this case, a lower frequency LO is applied and the RF mixes with a harmonic multiple of the LO signal to produce the desired intermediate frequency (IF).
The work presented in this thesis will focus on the development of a GaAs MMIC 4-X subharmonic mixer in Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) technology for operation at 60 GHz. The mixer topology is based on an antiparallel Schottky diode pair. A discussion of the mechanisms behind the operation of this circuit and the methods of practical implementation is presented. The FGC transmission lines and passive tuning structures used in mixer implementation are characterized with full-wave electromagnetic simulation software and 2-port vector network analyzer measurements. A characterization of mixer performance is obtained through simulations and measurement. The viability of this circuit as an alternative to other high-frequency downconversion schemes is discussed. The performance of the actual fabricated MMIC is presented and compared to currently available 60 GHz mixers. One particular MMIC design exhibits an 11.3 dB conversion loss at an RF of 58.5 GHz, an LO frequency of 14.0 GHz, and an IF of 2.5 GHz. This represents excellent performance for a 4X Schottky diode mixer at these frequencies. Finally, recommendations toward future research directions in this area are made.Master of Science
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Haque, Talha. "Silicon-based Microwave/Millimeter-wave Monolithic Power Amplifiers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31174.
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There has been increased interest in exploring high frequency (mm-wave) spectrum (particularly the 30 and 60 GHz ranges), and utilizing silicon-based technology for reduced-cost monolithic millimeter integrated circuits (MMIC), for applications such as WLAN, inter-vehicle communication (IVC) automotive radar and local multipoint distribution system (LMDS). Although there has been a significant increase in silicon-based implementations recently, this area still has significant need for research and development. For example, one microwave/mm-wave front-end component that has seen little development in silicon is the power amplifier (PA).
Two potential technologies exist for providing a solution for low-cost microwave/mm-wave power amplifiers: 1) Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) HBT and 2) Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). SiGe HBT has become a viable candidate for PA development since it exhibits higher gain and higher breakdown voltage limits compared to CMOS, while remaining compatible with BiCMOS technology. Also, SiGe is potentially lower in cost compared to other compound semiconductor technologies that are currently used in power amplifier design. Hence, this research focuses on design of millimeter-wave power amplifiers in SiGe HBT technology.
The work presented in this thesis will focus on design of different power amplifiers for millimeter-wave operating frequencies. Amplifiers present the fundamental trade-off between linearity and efficiency. Applications at frequencies highlighted above tend to be point-to-point, and hence high linearity is required at the cost of lowered efficiency for these power amplifiers. The designed power amplifiers are fully differential topologies based on finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGC) transmission line technology, and have on-chip matching networks and bias circuits. The selection and design of FGC lines is supported through full-wave EM simulations. Tuned single stub matching networks are realized using FGC technology and utilized for input and output matching networks.
Two 30-GHz range SiGe HBT PA designs were carried out in Atmel SiGe2RF and IBM BiCMOS 8HP IC technologies. The designs were characterized first by simulations. The performance of the Atmel PA design was characterized using microwave/mm-wave on wafer test measurement setup. The IBM 8HP design is awaiting fabrication. The measured results indicated high linearity, targeted output power range, and expected efficiency performance were achieved. This validates the selection of SiGe HBT as the technology of choice of high frequency point-to-point applications. The results show that it is possible to design power amplifiers that can effectively work at millimeter-wave frequencies at lower cost for applications such as mm-wave WLAN and IVC where linearity is important and required transmitted power is much lower than in cellular handset power amplifiers. Moreover, recommendations are made for future research steps to improve upon the presented designs.Master of Science
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Hubka, Patrik. "Obdélníková flíčková anténa pro pásmo 60 GHz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220260.
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The goal of this thesis is design and build rectangular patch antenna for 60 GHz band, matched to 50 Ohms. First section described general knowledges about microstrips antennas and technologies for 60 GHz band. Second section introduced rectangular patch antenna feeded by miscrostrip line matched by quarter wave transformer on CuClad 217 substrate. Third section introduced two structural modification of rectangular patch antenna and measurements of return loss |S11|.
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Mortazavi, Seyed Yahya. "Millimeter-Wave Harmonically-Tuned Silicon Power Amplifiers for High Efficiency." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82440.
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This works demonstrates the feasibility of the inverse-Class-F harmonic tuning approach for mm-wave silicon PAs. This research addresses the challenges and limitations of the high efficiency inverse-Class-F PAs for mm-wave silicon technology. This work proposes different load networks to mitigate the challenges which are verified with implementations at different mm-wave frequencies with the highest power efficiency performances reported so far: PAE= 50% @ 24 GHz, PAE = 43% @ 41 GHz, and PAE = 23% @ 94 GHz. The design methodology and detailed analysis of the proposed load networks presented and verified with implementation and measured results.Ph. D.
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Meshkov, Andrey I. "Broadband absolute absorption measurements of atmospheric continua with millimeter wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1139598863.
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Heredia, Vega Julio César. "Millimeter wave band reconfigurable circuits (from 30 to above 100 GHz) in BiCMOS-MEMS technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667539.
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Actualment hi ha un ús creixent de dispositius mòbils i de la necessitat d’informació i, per això, cada vegada es necessiten sistemes sense fils amb majors velocitats de dades i més amplada de banda. A més, els sistemes d’aplicació múltiple necessiten funcionar a diverses bandes de freqüències, cosa que comporta la necessitat de dispositius compactes de freqüència reconfigurable. Per tal d’oferir solucions per a les demandes esmentades anteriorment, en aquesta tesi es presenten per primera vegada amplificadors de baix soroll (LNAs) compactes, reconfigurables en freqüència que utilitzen commutadors basats en MEMS de RF i en HBTs (transistor bipolar d'heterounió) per a freqüències superiors a 100 GHz. S'utilitzen estructures microstrip acoblades i de tres línies (TLM) a les xarxes d’adaptació d’amplificador per aconseguir dissenys més compactes. Per demostrar les potencialitats de les estructures TLM, es presenta un nou sintonitzador d'impedàncies (tuner) TLM multimodal compacte. El tunes dissenyat implementa una cobertura d'impedàncies a la gràfica Smith del 70% en una gran amplada de banda freqüencial (1,4 a 3,2 GHz). El sintonitzador d'impedància utilitza condensadors variables implementats amb varactors que creen asimetries en l'estructura i interaccions entre els modes TLM. Això provoca un augment de la longitud elèctrica equivalent del circuit reduint així la mida física global del sintonitzador d’impedància. S'han dissenyat tres LNAs compactes per banda D de freqüència reconfigurables en tecnologia BiCMOS. Els tres dissenys consten de dues etapes i es van fabricar utilitzant un procés SiGe:C BiCMOS-MEMS de 0,13 µm que inclou un mòdul de commutador RF-MEMS. El primer i el segon dissenys de LNA operen a 125/140 GHz, mentre que el tercer disseny funciona a 125/143 GHz. L’àrea dels dissenys es minimitza utilitzant només un commutador RF-MEMS per seleccionar la banda de freqüència i estructures multimodals (una estructura microstrip acoblada i una estructura TLM a les xarxes d'adaptació d’entrada del primer i del tercer disseny, respectivament). Es presenta un mètode de disseny sistemàtic per obtenir guanys i factors de soroll equilibrats per als dos estats de freqüència. Un disseny LNA de 120/140 GHz encara més compacte s'aconsegueix utilitzant un interruptor basat en HBT en lloc d’un commutador RF-MEMS. Es va fabricar amb el mateix procés SiGe:C BiCMOS de 0,13 µm i utilitza la mateixa estructura multimodal TLM a la xarxa d'adaptació d’entrada com el tercer disseny esmentat anteriorment. Les mesures de tots els LNA coincideixen amb les simulacions obtingudes i validen tots els dissenys dels circuits i el mètode de disseny sistemàtic.Actualment hi ha un ús creixent de dispositius mòbils i dela necessitat d¿informació i, per això, cada vegada es necessiten sistemes sense fils amb majors velocitats de dades i més amplada de banda. A més, els sistemes d¿aplicació múltiple necessiten funcionar a diverses bandes de freqüències, cosa que comporta la necessitat de dispositius compactes de freqüència reconfigurable. Per tal d¿oferir solucions per a les demandes esmentades anteriorment, en aquesta tesi es presenten per primera vegada amplificadors de baix soroll (LNAs) compactes, reconfigurables en freqüència que utilitzen commutadors basats en MEMS de RF i en HBTs (transistor bipolar d'heterounió) per a freqüències superiors a 100 GHz. S'utilitzen estructures microstrip acoblades i de tres línies (TLM) a les xarxes d¿adaptació d¿amplificador per aconseguir dissenys més compactes. Per demostrar les potencialitats de les estructures TLM, es presenta un nou sintonitzador d'impedàncies (tuner) TLM multimodal compacte. El tunes dissenyat implementa una cobertura d'impedàncies a la gràfica Smith del 70% en una gran amplada de banda freqüèncial (1,4 a 3,2 GHz). El sintonitzador d'impedància utilitza condensadors variables implementats amb varactors que creen asimetries en l'estructura i interaccions entre els modes TLM. Això provoca un augment de la longitud elèctrica equivalent del circuit reduint així la mida física global del sintonitzador d¿impedància. S'han dissenyat tres LNAs compactes per banda D de freqüència reconfigurables en tecnologia BiCMOS. Els tres dissenys consten de dues etapes i es van fabricar utilitzant un procés SiGe:C BiCMOS-MEMS de 0,13 µm que inclou un mòdul de commutador RF-MEMS. El primer i el segon dissenys de LNA operen a 125/140 GHz, mentre que el tercer disseny funciona a 125/143 GHz. L¿àrea dels dissenys es minimitza utilitzant només un commutador RF-MEMS per seleccionar la banda de freqüència i estructures multimodals (una estructura microstrip acoblada i una estructura TLM a les xarxes d'adaptació d'entrada del primer i del tercer disseny, respectivament). Es presenta un mètode de disseny sistemàtic per obtenir guanys i factors de soroll equilibrats per als dos estats de freqüència. Un disseny LNA de 120/140 GHz encara més compacte s'aconsegueix utilitzant un interruptor basat en HBT en lloc d'un commutador RF-MEMS. Es va fabricar amb el mateix procés SiGe:C BiCMOS de 0,13 µm i utilitza la mateixa estructura multimodal TLM a la xarxa d'adaptació d'entrada com el tercer disseny esmentat anteriorment. Les mesures de tots els LNA coincideixen amb les simulacions obtingudes i validen tots els dissenys dels circuits i el mètode de disseny sistemàtic.
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Semiari, Omid. "Context-Aware Resource Management and Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave and Sub-6 GHz Wireless Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86482.
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Emerging wireless networks are foreseen as an integration of heterogeneous spectrum bands, wireless access technologies, and backhaul solutions, as well as a large-scale interconnection of devices, people, and vehicles. Such a heterogeneity will range from the proliferation of multi-tasking user devices with different capabilities such as smartphones and tablets to the deployment of multi-mode access points that can operate over heterogeneous frequency bands spanning both sub-6 GHz microwave and high-frequency millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies bands. This heterogeneous ecosystem will yield new challenges and opportunities for wireless resource management. On the one hand, resource management can exploit user and network-specific context information, such as application type, social metrics, or operator pricing, to develop application-driven, context-aware networks. Similarly, multiple frequency bands can be leveraged to meet the stringent and heterogeneous quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the new wireless services such as video streaming and interactive gaming. On the other hand, resource management in such heterogeneous, multi-band, and large-scale wireless systems requires distributed frameworks that can effectively utilize all available resources while operating with manageable overhead. The key goal of this dissertation is therefore to develop novel, self-organizing, and low-complexity resource management protocols -- using techniques from matching theory, optimization, and machine learning -- to address critical resource allocation problems for emerging heterogeneous wireless systems while explicitly modeling and factoring diverse network context information.
Towards achieving this goal, this dissertation makes a number of key contributions.
First, a novel context-aware scheduling framework is developed for enabling dual-mode base stations to efficiently and jointly utilize mmW and microwave frequency resources while maximizing the number of user applications whose stringent delay requirements are satisfied.
The results show that the proposed approach will be able to significantly improve the QoS per application and decrease the outage probability. Second, novel solutions are proposed to address both network formation and resource allocation problems in multi-hop wireless backhaul networks that operate at mmW frequencies. The proposed framework motivates collaboration among multiple network operators by resource sharing to reduce the cost of backhauling, while jointly accounting for both wireless channel characteristics and economic factors. Third, a novel framework is proposed to exploit high-capacity mmW communications and device-level caching to minimize handover failures as well as energy consumption by inter-frequency measurements, and to provide seamless mobility in dense heterogeneous mmW-microwave small cell networks (SCNs). Fourth, a new cell association algorithm is proposed, based on matching theory with minimum quota constraints, to optimize load balancing in integrated mmW-microwave networks.
Fifth, a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to dynamically manage the wireless local area network (WLAN) traffic jointly over the unlicensed 60 GHz mmW and sub-6 GHz bands to maximize the saturation throughput and minimize the delay experienced by users.
Finally, a novel resource management approach is proposed to optimize device-to-device (D2D) communications and improve traffic offload in heterogeneous wireless SCNs by leveraging social context information that is dynamically learned by the network. In a nutshell, by providing novel, context-aware, and self-organizing frameworks, this dissertation addresses fundamentally challenging resource management problems that mainly stem from large scale, stringent service requirements, and heterogeneity of next-generation wireless networks.Ph. D.
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De, Sousa Marinho Rafael. "Co-design methodology of 60 GHz filter-L-NA." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0095.
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Ce travail montre les résultats et discussions à propos du projet partagé des structures pour un récepteur radio-fréquence des ondes millimétriques. Deux structures ont été étudiés : Le LNA et le résonateur en anneau. Ces structures ont été développes en utilisant des nouvelles techniques de projet de circuit micro-électroniques et utilisation des outils CAD.Les circuit ont été fabriqués avec la technologie QuBIC NXP®BiCMOS SiGe:C de 0.25μm.Les résultats de mesure sont en conformité avec l’état de l’art pour des LNAThis work presents the results and discussions about shared design (co-design)of structures for a RF receptor in millimetric waves. Two structures were mainly studied: TheLNA and the resonator filter. Both structures were developed using novel microelectronic circuitdesign techniques and with the extensive use of CAD software. The circuits were fabricatedusing a0.25μmBiCMOS SiGe:C QuBIC technology from NXP®semiconductors, and themeasurement results are in conformity with the state-of-the-art
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Beltrán, Ramírez Marta. "Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15576.
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La presenta Tesis Doctoral encuentra su ámbito de aplicación en redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar o FTTH (del inglés fibre-to-the-home). Las redes FTTH han sido ampliamente desplegadas en todo el mundo y se prevé que evolucionen hasta arquitecturas de multiplexación por división en longitud de onda o WDM(dle inglés wavelength division multiplexing).
Conforme los requerimientos de capacidady ancho de banda por usuario para servicios de comunicación de banda ancha se incrementan continuamente, tecnologías tales como hybrid wireless-optical, radio de banda ultra ancha o UWB(del inglés ultra-wideband), y radio de onda milimétrica se están investigando como soluciones viables para proporcionar tasas de datos excediendo Gigabit por segundo por usuario. Las redes híbridas inalámbrico-óptico pueden proporcionar backhaul más simple y se prevé que desempeñen un papel importante en redes de acceso de próxima generación que requerirán despliegue flexible, alta capacidad, habilidad de ampliación, escalable en número de usuarios y demanda, y factible económicamente. Las técnicas radio sobre fibra combinadas con sistemas inalámbricos multigigabit que proporcionen capacidades comparables a sistemas de comunicaciones de fibra óptica se ve como una solución rápidamente desplegable y efectiva en coste para proporcionar acceso transparente cableado/inalámbrico integrado a servicios de banda ancha para el usuario final.
Los sistemas inalámbricos UWB y de onda milimétrica son capaces de proporcionar comunicaciones multigigabit. UWB en particular permite un uso eficiente del esprectro 3.1-10.6 GHz debido a sus características únicas de coexistencia y tiene madurez de mercado. Sin embargo, la tecnología UWB está restringida por regulación en todo el mundo. Esta restricción de regulación hace de gran interés a la radio de onda milimétrica en 60 GHz debido al aproximadamente 7 GHz de ancho de banda regulado consistentemente en todo el mundo, sin restricciones de coexistencia.Beltrán Ramírez, M. (2012). Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15576
Palancia
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Anderson, Christopher R. "Design and Implementation of an Ultrabroadband Millimeter-Wavelength Vector Sliding Correlator Channel Sounder and In-Building Multipath Measurements at 2.5 & 60 GHz." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32415.
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Over the past decade, the market for wireless service has grown at an unprecedented rate. The industry has grown from cellular phones and pagers to broadband and ultra-broadband (also called ultra-wideband) wireless services that can provide voice, data, and full-motion video in real time. This growing hunger for faster data rates and larger bandwidths has prompted a need for a deeper understanding of the wireless channels upon which these devices communicate. In order for the visions of real time full-motion video, multimedia, and high speed data delivery inherent in the 3rd and 4th generations of wireless communication standards to be fully realized, system design engineers must have a thorough understanding of the wireless channels upon which these devices operate. Additionally, for these networks to deliver their promised data rates, they must operate at very high microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, where large segments of spectrum are readily obtained.
Unfortunately, little is known about the propagation characteristics at these frequencies and bandwidths. As a consequence, there has been a significant demand for wireless test equipment that is capable of characterizing these new wireless channels. The objective of this research was to design and develop a wireless test instrument that can not only characterize these new wireless channels, but has the portability to be quickly and easily re-located to various measurement sites, as well as the flexibility to characterize a wide variety of frequencies and bandwidths in addition to the ultrawideband channels investigated in this work. This measurement system is also designed to be capable of characterizing both the magnitude and phase response of these wireless channels, which not only provides a more complete channel characteristic, but the potential capability to measure the Doppler spectrum introduced by a dynamic channel.Master of Science
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Larie, Aurélien. "Conception d'amplificateurs de puissance hautement linéaires à 60 GHz en technologies CMOS nanométriques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0210/document.
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Dans le cadre des applications sans fil à 60GHz, l’amplificateur de puissance reste un des composants les plus compliqués à implémenter en technologie CMOS. Des modulations à enveloppe non constante obligent à concevoir des circuits hautement linéaires, conduisant à une consommation statique importante. La recherche de topologies et de techniques de linéarisation viables aux fréquences millimétriques fait l’objet de cette thèse. Dans un premier temps, un état de l’art des différents amplificateurs de puissance à 60GHz est dressé, afin d’en extraire l’ensemble des verrous technologiques limitant leurs performances. Suite à l’analyse des phénomènes physiques impactant les composants passifs, plusieurs structures d’amplificateurs élémentaires sont conçues dans les technologies 65nm et 28nm Bulk. Les topologies les plus pertinentes sont déduites de cette étude. Enfin, deux amplificateurs intégrant des techniques de combinaison de puissance et de linéarisation sont implémentés dans les technologies 65nm et 28nm FD-SOI. Ces deux circuits présentent les plus hauts facteurs de mérite ITRS publiés à ce jour. Le circuit en 28nm FD-SOI atteint en outre le meilleur compromis linéarité/consommation de l’état de l’artThe CMOS 60GHz power amplifier (PA) remains one of the most design-challenging components. Indeed, a high linearity associated with a large back-off range are required due to complex modulated signals.In this context, this work focuses on the design of architectures and linearization techniques which are usable at millimeter-wave frequencies. First, a CMOS PA state of the art is presented to define all bottlenecks. Then, the physical phenomena impacting on passive device performances are described. Elementary PAs are implemented in CMOS 65nm and 28nm Bulk and the most suitable topologies are selected. Finally, two highly linear circuits are designed in 65nm Bulk and 28nm FD-SOI. They achieve the highest ITRS figures of merit reported to this day. In addition, the 28nm FD-SOI PA exhibits the best linearity/consumption tradeoff
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Kotze, Daniel Johannes Van Wyk. "Minimum congestion routing for a 17 GHz wireless ad hoc network." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6510.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation is made to find a suitable routing protocol for a millimeter wave ad hoc wireless network. It is discovered that a hierarchical routing protocol is ideal for a high node density. Due to the high bandwidth that is possibly available, with millimeter wave transmission, packets are used to keep links between nodes active and to control data packet congestion. Cluster leaders are elected and use token packets to provide nodes with more queued messages with more transmission chances, assisting the network in congestion control. Hello messages are sent frequently to keep routing information at nodes fresh and to detect broken links quickly. If a broken link is found a new route is readily available, within a second. A simulation is created to test the protocol. Changes are made to the original proactive cluster routing protocol to reduce the route length and lessen routing overhead. A theoretical model is developed to estimate the mean waiting time for a packet. Although insight is gained by modelling the latency with queueing theory it is suggested, due to the protocol’s complexity, to use other mathematical modelling techniques such as a Markov state model or a Petri net.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ondersoek word ingestel na ’n geskikte roete protokol vir ’n millimeter golflengte ad hoc radio pakkie netwerk. Daar word gevind dat ’n hi¨erargiese kluster roete protokol ideaal is vir ’n ho¨e digtheid van nodusse. As gevolg van die ho¨e bandwydte, wat moontlik beskikbaar is met millimeter golflengte transmissie, word pakkies gebruik om kommunikasie skakels tussen nodes in stand te hou en data pakkie verkeersopeenhoping te beheer. Kluster leiers word verkies en gebruik teken-pakkies om nodes met ’n groter data pakkie las meer transmissie kanse te gee. Sodoende word die verkeersopeenhoping van data pakkies verminder. Hallo pakkies word gereeld gestuur om die roete inligting vars te hou en gebroke kommunikasie skakels vinnig op te spoor. As ’n gebroke skakel gevind word, word ’n alternatiewe roete vinnig opgestel, binne ’n sekonde. ’n Simulasie word opgestel om die protokol te toets. Veranderinge aan die oorspronklike proaktiewe kluster protokol word aangebring om roete lengte te verklein en oorhoofse roete inligting kommunikasie te verminder. ’n Teoretiese model gebasseer op tou-staan teorie word ontwikkel om die wagtyd van ’n pakkie te bepaal. Alhoewel, insig verkry is deur die protokol te analiseer deur middel van tou-staan teorie, word daar voorgestel, as gevolg van die protokol se kompleksiteit, om eerder ander wiskundige modelleeringstegnieke te gebruik soos ’n Markov toestands model of ’n Petri net.
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Thayyil, Manu Viswambharan, Hatem Ghaleb, Niko Joram, and Frank Ellinger. "A 28 GHz Superregenerative Amplifier for FMCW Radar Reflector Applications in 45 nm SOI CMOS." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35128.
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This paper presents the design and characterization of a 28GHz integrated super-regenerative amplifier (SRA) in a 45 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) technology. The circuit is based on a complementary cross-coupled oscillator topology. The fabricated integrated circuit (IC) occupies an area of 0.67 mm 2 , and operates in a frequency range from 28.07GHz to 29.35 GHz. Characterization results show the minimum input sensitivity of the circuit, as -85 dBm and the input power level corresponding to the linear to logarithmic mode transition as -66.3 dBm. The measured output power delivered into a 100 Ω differential load is 1.1 dBm. The DC power consumption of the circuit is 10.6 mW. To the knowledge of the authors, the circuit has the best reported combined sensitivity and output power for an FMCW radar reflector implementation in CMOS.
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Diao, Pape Sanoussy. "Système de détection embarqué ULB millimétrique pour la perception de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2005/document.
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Avec le contexte actuel des défis sécuritaires, la détection de petits objets devient un enjeu majeur pour lutter contre les actes malveillants. Mais les évolutions des technologies en bandes millimétriques et le potentiel de ces bandes, notamment autour de 60 GHz peuvent faciliter la conception de systèmes de plus en plus performants, permettant de répondre à ces enjeux. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte pour proposer un système de détection ultra-large bande (ULB) millimétrique pour des applications de courte portée. Après un état de l'art détaillé des fondamentaux de la détection, nous présentons une validation de l'estimation de la surface équivalente radar (SER) par simulation avec le logiciel HFSS et par mesures en chambre anéchoïque. Ces deux études nous ont permis d'identifier les éléments essentiels à l'analyse système et les paramètres critiques de la détection d'objets canoniques cylindres et plaques. Une fois l'analyse système cernée, nous avons proposé une approche de détection multi-bande basée sur le radar monostatique pour améliorer la couverture de détection des systèmes, mais aussi et surtout pour pallier la limitation de la détection des objets en fonction de leur orientation par rapport à l'axe de viser de l'antenne. Nous avons également proposé une architecture (émetteur-récepteur) simple pouvant être associée au principe de détection. Le dimensionnement du système nous a permis d'identifier les amplificateurs faible bruit (LNAs) comme éléments critiques du récepteur et ainsi d'établir leurs spécifications pour atteindre les performances visées. Une comparaison des technologies SG13S de IHP et D007IH de OMMIC est menée dans la dernière partie de ce travail. Le choix de la technologie est justifié et la conception des LNAs sous ADS Keysight est détaillée. Une simulation de l'ensemble du système basée sur les performances des LNAs conçus et sur les simulations de SER est présentée pour illustrer la mise en œuvre de la détection. Enfin, les performances de la détection sont évaluées pour des cibles cylindriques et les apports du système proposé sont illustrés en comparaison avec une détection classique mono-bandeWith the current context of security challenges, small objects detection is becoming a major issue in the fight against malicious acts. However, developments in millimeter-band technologies and the potential of these bands, particularly around 60 GHz, can facilitate the design of increasingly efficient systems to meet these challenges. This thesis is part of this context to propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) millimeter-wave detection system for short-range applications.After a detailed state-of-the-art of the fundamentals of detection, we present a validation of the radar cross-section (RCS) estimation by simulations with HFSS software and by measurements in anechoic chamber. These two studies allowed us to identify the essential elements for system analysis and the critical parameters for the detection of canonical objects such as cylinders and plates.Once the system analysis was identified, we proposed a multi-band detection approach based on monostatic radar to improve the detection coverage of the systems, but also and especially to overcome the limitation of objects detection according to their orientation in relation to the antenna boresight. We also proposed a simple architecture (transceiver) that could be associated with the detection principle. The system design allowed us to identify low noise amplifiers (LNAs) as critical elements of the receiver and thus establish their specifications to achieve the targeted performances.A comparison of IHP's SG13S and OMMIC's D007IH technologies is conducted in the last part of this work. The choice of technology is justified and the design of LNAs under ADS Keysight is detailed. A simulation of the entire system based on the performance of the designed LNAs and RCS simulations is presented to illustrate the implementation of detection. Finally, detection performances are evaluated for cylindrical targets and the contributions of the proposed system are illustrated in comparison with conventional single-band detection
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Faus, García Óscar. "Signal Processing for mmWave MIMO Radar." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19866.
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This thesis addresses the design study, implementation and analysis of signal processing algorithms for a 79 GHz millimeter-wave Phase Modulated Continuous Wave (PMCW) Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) short range radar; performed in IMEC research institute (Leuven, Belgium). The radar system targets high resolution performance with low power consumption in order to integrate a full MIMO radar transceiver with digital processor and antennas in a compact package featuring a size of 1 cm2. Achieving such radar system characteristics requires the exploitation of a highly demanding digital architecture with signal processing gain and high range, speed and angle resolutions. The improved resolution and detection capabilities will be achieved by performing signal processing algorithms on the reflected waveform. The digital front-end implements parallel range gate processing with a bank of correlators that perform: pulse compression, coherent accumulation to further increase Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and N-point FFT to extract the Doppler information. The use of MIMO is proposed implementing a code domain technique in the PMCW waveform, the Outer Hadamard Code MIMO. This concept makes use of a unique sequence for all the transmitting antennas that is rendered by an outer sequence to ensure the orthogonality of the transmitted waveforms. The outer code makes use of the good cross-correlation properties of the Hadamard sequences and the waveform uses sequences that exhibit perfect auto-correlation profile, the Almost Perfect Autocorrelation Sequences (APAS). The MIMO implementation results in higher angular resolution and extra processing gain. The use of beamforming techniques in the radar allows the angle estimation of the detected targets; using rough and fine beamforming that provides with coarse and precise Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation in an early and late stage respectively. A Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processing stage is implemented in the stage of the system where higher signal processing gain is achieved. This algorithm allows the variation of the CFAR parameters and analyzes the detections in order to improve the probability of detection (Pd) while decreasing the probability of false alarm (Pfa). A series of simulations with different scenarios and variable parameters are set in order to analyze the performance of the system. The simulations analyze the gain achieved in each stage and their outcomes show an impressive processing gain that can reach SNR improvements as high as 77 dB for a small virtual array while keeping the Pfa low with the CFAR adjustment. The use of bigger arrays demonstrates the possibility to enable clear detections for low Radar Cross Section (RCS) targets in far distances of the unambiguous range. The use of beamforming shows interference reduction improvement as the beam widths narrow with the increasing number of virtual array antennas. These results have been achieved while keeping the system design parameters to a range resolution of 7.5 cm for a maximum range of 37.5 meters with speed resolution of 0.2 m/s and a maximum detectable speed of 12.66 m/s. The outcomes support the good performance of the signal processing techniques implemented and the benefits in applying them in a SoC mmWave MIMO radar.
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Weiß, Mario [Verfasser]. "60 GHz photonic millimeter-wave communication systems / von Mario Weiß." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1005945241/34.
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Lee, Bing Han, and 李秉翰. "60/77 GHz Millimeter-Wave Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Designs." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12649119886663131180.
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碩士長庚大學
電子工程學系
100
In recent years, the global communications market booming, a large number of Microwave and Millimeter-wave (MMW) circuit technology has been applied in a wide range of communications systems. The product is unusual and makes the life is change and conventional. During the trend of times, consumers demand the lightness, thinness, shortness and minimization of portable electronics product for next to the skin, human-based and movable. Therefore, the purpose of the MMW is System-on-Chip (SoC). The composition of the basic elements of Millimeter-wave circuits is power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers, mixers and oscillators, and filters. The role includes noise filtering, harmonic interference suppression, surge absorbers, power clean, and electromagnetic interference protection signal separation. In mobile phones, satellite communications, wireless LAN and other wireless communication products, communication products involved for receiving or transmitting signals, so the product shall be added to the filter design to ensure signal quality. In this thesis, we designed the dual bandpass filter (60 GHz and 77 GHz) that used Stub-Loaded and Stepped-Impedance as the major structure. We depend on the stub loaded characterization to make transmission zeros at the pass band edge, so that the selectivity of the filter was improved. The stepped impedance microstrip resonators has also been used for the bandpass filter design. There is another researching on coupling spacing that has an impact on the bandwidth and insertion loss. The experimental results show that return loss |S11| of -18dB and insertion loss |S21| of -2.7dB。It’s implement on the GaAs pHEMT process technology with 1.5mmx1mm chip area.
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Siao, Di-Sheng, and 蕭諦賸. "Design and Analysis of Millimeter-Wave 60-GHz Key Components and 190-GHz Amplifier." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37649312315919771585.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
101
This thesis includes two parts. The first part presents two important components in V-band transceiver. A 57-66 GHz double-balanced Gilbert-cell down conversion mixer implemented in TSMC 65-nm CMOS process, achieving about 1 dB conversion gain. It utilizes the broadband marchand-type-balun with a RC feedback IF amplifier to save the headroom voltage of VDD. Another component is a 57-66 GHz low phase variation variable gain amplifier also in TSMC 65-nm CMOS process. The phase compensation is achieved by using the different trends of phase between current-steering and splitting-cascade topology. This variable gain amplifier has a phase variation lower than with 31 dB gain control range. The 3-dB bandwidth is from 50 to 70 GHz with peak gain of 21 dB. In the second part, a 190-GHz CMOS MMIC amplifier with cascode and gain-boosted techniques is presented. The amplifier utilizes gain-boosted technique to enhance the maximum stable gain (MSG) at 200 GHz. This amplifier is fabricated in standard RF 65-nm CMOS process with chip area of 0.73 × 0.63 mm2. The 3-dB bandwidth is from 188 to 192 GHz with 16.3 dB peak gain.
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Chun-ChiehHuang and 黃峻傑. "Design for 60-GHz CMOS Millimeter-Wave RF Receiver Front-End." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11076816161555407834.
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碩士國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
98
This thesis presents the V-band CMOS millimeter-wave (MMW) receiver RF front-end function block designs, including a V-band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) for millimeter-wave application, an integration of V-band LNA and mixer, and a design of 60-GHz wideband switched-inductor voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Except of the VCO, the LNA and receiver front-end circuit both have been simulated and measured. This thesis can be divided into four parts. In the first part, we introduce the backgrounds and applications for MMW system and the structure plan of 60-GHz MMW and MB-OFDM UWB co-existence system. The second part of this thesis presents the design and measurement results of an MMW LNA. The LNA was fabricated in TSMC 0.13-?m 1P8M RF CMOS process. The main content is gate-inductor gain peaking technique for increasing LNA gain. The gate-inductor gain peaking for LNA design, which is an effective way to achieve the high gain performance with low power consumption. The measurement data show that the LNA can achieve a peak gain of 21 dB and a noise figure (NF) of 7.6 dB at 53 GHz, a 3-dB frequency bandwidth ranging from 51.3 to 55.8 GHz, an input 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of -25 dBm at 53 GHz, and an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of -16 dBm. Also, the LNA consumes only 15.1 mW at a supply voltage of 1.5 V. The calculated figure-of-merit (FOM) is 0.95. The third part of the thesis, we present an integration of LNA and mixer for 60-GHz MMW and MB-OFDM UWB co-existence system receiver. The topology of the LNA is similar to that proposed in the second part. The topology of the mixer is Gilbert-cell type. The measurement data for LAN and mixer are shown individually. The measurement of the whole integration circuit is still under going. In the fourth part, we present the design of a 60-GHz wideband switch-inductor voltage control oscillator, which was fabricated in TSMC 90-nm 1P9M RF CMOS process. For the passive elements, the switched inductor for VCO design which is an effective way to achieve the wideband tuning range performance with low phase noise. The VCO consumes only 16 mW at a supply voltage of 1.2 V, whose designed oscillation frequency is of 60 GHz and which achieves a phase noise of -116 dB at 10 MHz offset, and a tuning range of 17 %. The calculated FOM is -180 dBc/Hz and FOMT is -185 dBc/Hz, respectively.
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Hung, Meng-Hsiung, and 洪夢熊. "Millimeter-Wave Front-End Circuits for 60-GHz Wireless Communication and 77-GHz Radar System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75782200789124591824.
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碩士臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
98
Millimeter-wave front-end circuits including power amplifier, low-noise amplifier, mixer, and antenna are demonstrated in 60-GHz and 77-GHz bands in this Thesis. With different considerations for each application, the front-ends are designed and integrated to be FSK transceiver and FMCW radar respectively. The 60-GHz power amplifier reveals a Psat of 8.2 dBm with PAE of 5.8 % while consuming 84 mW under 1.2V supply. The 77-GHz power amplifier presents a Psat of 10.5 dBm with PAE of 8.4 % while consuming 115 mW under 1.2V supply, and up to 12.1 dBm output power at 1.5V. On-board antennas using folded dipole and patch array give 6.5 dBi with 10-GHz bandwidth and 20 dBi with 1-GHz bandwidth severally for short-range high data rate communication and long-range radar use. The 60-GHz FSK transceiver achieves 1-m communication distance with 1-Gb/s PRBS data and the 77-GHz FMCW radar system is capable of detecting multiple objects and exhibiting their positions and relative speeds in real time within 50 meters.
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Chen, Min-Chiao, and 陳旻珓. "The Analysis and Design of Millimeter-Wave CMOS Circuits for 60-GHz Communication Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97842609261432245279.
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博士國立交通大學
電子工程系所
97
In this thesis, the design methodologies and implementations of millimeter-wave CMOS circuit for 60-GHz low-power communication system are presented. There are three parts: (1) the analysis, modeling, and design of the subharmonic injection-locked frequency tripler (ILFT); (2) the analysis and design of 60-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) integrated with injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM); and (3) the design of 60-GHz direct-conversion receiver integrated with ILFT. At first, K-band and V-band CMOS differential subharmonic ILFTs are proposed, analyzed, and designed. Based on the proposed ILFT structure, models for the locking range and the output phase noise are developed. A K-band ILFT is designed and fabricated using 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The measured locking range is 1092 MHz with a dc power consumption of 0.45 mW and an input power of 4 dBm. The harmonic rejection-ratios are 22.65, 30.58, 29.29, 40.35 dBc for the first, second, fourth, and fifth harmonics, respectively. The total locking range of the K-band ILFT can achieve 3915 MHz when the varactors are used and the dc power consumption is increased to 2.95 mW. A V-band ILFT is also designed and fabricated using 0.13-μm CMOS technology. The measured locking range is 1422 MHz with 1.86-mW dc power consumption and 6-dBm input power. It can be seen that the locking range of the proposed ILFT is similar to the tuning range of a conventional varactor-tuned bulk-CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Secondly, a novel CMOS PLL integrated with ILFM that generates the 60-GHz output signal is proposed. The proposed 60-GHz PLL is composed of VCO, ILFM, 1/32 frequency divider, phase/frequency detector, charge pump, and loop filter. Because the proposed ILFM can generate the fifth-order harmonic frequency of VCO output, the operational frequency of the VCO can be reduced to only one-fifth of the desired frequency. The PLL is designed and fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The output frequency range of the proposed PLL is from 53.04 GHz to 58.0 GHz with output power of –37.85 dBm. The measured phase noises at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset from the carrier are –85.2 and –90.9 dBc/Hz, respectively. The reference spur level of –40.16 dBc is measured. The dc power dissipation of the fabricated PLL is 35.7 mW under a 1.8-V supply. The chip area including pads is 0.96 mm × 0.84 mm. Finally, a 60-GHz direct-conversion receiver integrated with ILFT is proposed. The proposed direct-conversion receiver front-end is composed of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), I/Q quadrature down-conversion mixers, a 20-GHz QVCO, two ILFTs, two IF amplifiers, and two output buffers. In the proposed receiver, the local oscillator (LO) signals are generated by QVCO operated at only one-third of carrier frequency cascade with the two ILFTs. Due to the frequency shift of QVCO, the maximum RF frequency is only 55.03 GHz. The measured results show a receiver gain of 18.2 dB, a noise figure of 16.96 dB with RF frequency of 55.03 GHz and IF frequency of 100 MHz, channel bandwidth of 2 GHz with LO frequency of 55.02 GHz, an input-referred 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of –17.0 dBm, and input third-order inter-modulation intercept point (IIP3) of –7.6 dBm. The proposed receiver is implemented using 0.13-μm CMOS technology and draws 25.84 mA from a 1.2-V supply. The total chip area, including testing pads, is only 1.21 mm × 1.03 mm. It is believed that the proposed ILFT can be used in low-power high-performance transceiver design in the millimeter-wave band. Further research for low-power single chip transceiver and frequency synthesizer can be integrated in the future.
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Chen, Yan-Shen, and 陳揚鮮. "Analysis and Design of 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Receiver for Flip-Chip Mounting System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13451824561831465803.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程系所
97
In this thesis we study a receiver which is for 60 GHz band applications, and it is compatible of flip-chip mounting system. We designed 60 GHz sub-harmonic x4 mixer, 60 GHz sub-harmonic x2 mixer, 60 GHz amplifier cascades sub-harmonic x2 mixer, 60 GHz amplifier cascades sub-harmonic mixer and LO chain, 60 GHz image-rejection mixer combines with LO chain, and 60 GHz receiver in sequence. We used WIN 0.15μm PHEMT process to implement the former four circuits, and WIN 0.15μm MHEMT process to implement the later two circuits. The mixer core in our thesis is the Anti-Parallel Diode Pair (APDP) mixer, and the amplifier is designed based on small-signal S parameters. In the Receiver, we designed a LO chain to lower the system LO signal requirement, the multiple core of the LO chain is APDP too, and we cascaded a feedback amplifier to drive sub-harmonic mixer.
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Shih, Po-Tsung, and 施伯宗. "Ultra-High Frequency Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation and 60-GHz Radio-over-Fiber Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00205026303066185536.
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博士國立交通大學
光電工程學系
99
With the rapidly developing of technologies, optical millimeter-wave signal generation attracts a lot of interests for various kinds of applications. Not only in broadband wireless communication systems, but high frequency millimeter-wave signals can be utilized in radar, car anti-collision system, radio astronomy and imaging. However, millimeter-wave signal generation and transmission still remain great challenges due to the high propagation loss in air and in copper cables. Based on the extremely low loss of the optical fiber, generation of optical millimeter-wave signal with frequency multiplication attracts a lot of attentions. In this dissertation, optical millimeter-wave signal generation with frequency quadrupling, octupling and 12-tupling are proposed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Optical millimeter-wave signals with ultra-high frequencies and high undesired optical sideband suppression ratios can be generated using low-frequency optical modulator, components and equipments. Because the high undesired optical sideband suppression ratios, high purity millimeter-wave signals can be generated and suitable for various kind of millimeter-wave applications. Based on the optical millimeter-wave signal generation and up-conversion systems, 60-GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) system which provides wireless transmission with multi-Gbps data-rate can be achieved. A asymmetrical full-duplex bidirectional RoF system based on tandem-single-sideband (TSSB) modulation technique, and an optical up-conversion system with frequency sextupling for 60-GHz RoF links are proposed. Transmission of 25-km standard single mode fibers can be achieved without significant receiver power penalties. A 2 × 21-Gbps symmetrical bidirectional full-duplex system at 60 GHz based on intensity modulation direct detection (IMDD) technique which is a very simple architecture is also proposed. Although chromatic dispersion induced performance fading issues are observed in the IMDD systems due to the double-sideband (DSB) modulation scheme, 500-m fiber transmission and 10-m wireless transmission with acceptable receiver power penalties can be achieved without any dispersion compensation. Based on the very simple architectures and fully transparent characteristic of the bidirectional IMDD systems, the proposed systems are ideal for in-building high data-rate wireless applications, which are characterized by short fiber spans. Multi-service hybrid access networks which supports both RoF and fiber to the x (FTTx) systems attract a lot of interests. Two multi-service hybrid access network systems which simultaneously generate and transmit radio frequency (RF) M-array phase shift keying (PSK) signal and baseband (BB) On-Off-keying (OOK) signal are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The wired BB signal is compatible with the existing passive optical network (PON) system, and the wireless RF PSK signal can also share the same distributed infrastructure. No dispersion induced fading issues are expected and no narrow band optical filter is needed at the remote nodes in the proposed systems. After transmission over 25-km standard single mode fiber, no significant receiver power penalties are observed in both RF and BB channels in the proposed systems.