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Journal articles on the topic '60 GHz Millimeter Wave'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Athanasopoulos, Nikolaos, Dimitrios Makris, and Konstantinos Voudouris. "A 60 GHz Planar Diplexer Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/948217.

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This paper presents a millimeter-wave, 60 GHz frequency band planar diplexer based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Diplexer consists of a pair of 5th-order SIW bandpass channel filters with center frequencies at 59.8 GHz and 62.2 GHz providing 1.67% and 1.6% relative bandwidths, respectively. SIW-to-microstrip transitions at diplexer ports enable integration in a millimeter-wave transceiver front end. Measurements are in good agreement with electromagnetic simulation, reporting very good channel isolation, small return losses, and moderate insertion losses in the passbands. The proposed SIW planar diplexer is integrated into a millimeter-wave transceiver front end for 60 GHz point-to-point multigigabit wireless backhaul applications, providing high isolation between transmit and receive channels.

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2

Lee, Jae-Jin, Dong-Yun Jung, Inn-Yeal Oh, and Chul-Soon Park. "60 GHz CMOS SoC for Millimeter Wave WPAN Applications." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no. 6 (June 30, 2010): 670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2010.21.6.670.

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3

UENO, T. "60 GHz mixer MMIC for millimeter wave radar." JSAE Review 17, no. 4 (October 1996): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(96)00042-2.

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4

Tatu, S. O., E. Moldovan, and S. Affes. "Low-Cost Transceiver Architectures for 60 GHz Ultra Wideband WLANs." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/382695.

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Millimeter-wave multiport transceiver architectures dedicated to 60 GHz UWB short-range communications are proposed in this paper. Multi-port circuits based on90°hybrid couplers are intensively used for phased antenna array, millimeter-wave modulation and down-conversion, as a low-cost alternative to the conventional architecture. This allows complete integration of circuits including antennas, in planar technology, on the same substrate, improving the overall transceiver performances.

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5

Zhadobov, Maxim, Nacer Chahat, Ronan Sauleau, Catherine Le Quement, and Yves Le Drean. "Millimeter-wave interactions with the human body: state of knowledge and recent advances." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000122.

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The biocompatibility of millimeter-wave devices and systems is an important issue due to the wide number of emerging body-centric wireless applications at millimeter waves. This review article provides the state of knowledge in this field and mainly focuses on recent results and advances related to the different aspects of millimeter-wave interactions with the human body. Electromagnetic, thermal, and biological aspects are considered and analyzed for exposures in the 30-100 GHz range with a particular emphasis on the 60-GHz band. Recently introduced dosimetric techniques and specific instrumentation for bioelectromagnetic laboratory studies are also presented. Finally, future trends are discussed.

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6

Pospíšil, Martin, Roman Maršálek, Tomáš Götthans, and Tomáš Urbanec. "Digitally-Compensated Wideband 60 GHz Test-Bed for Power Amplifier Predistortion Experiments." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041473.

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Millimeter waves will play an important role in communication systems in the near future. On the one hand, the bandwidths available at millimeter-wave frequencies allow for elevated data rates, but on the other hand, the wide bandwidth accentuates the effects of wireless front-end impairments on transmitted waveforms and makes their compensation more difficult. Research into front-end impairment compensation in millimeter-wave frequency bands is currently being carried out, mainly using expensive laboratory setups consisting of universal signal generators, spectral analyzers and high-speed oscilloscopes. This paper presents a detailed description of an in-house built MATLAB-controlled 60 GHz measurement test-bed developed using relatively inexpensive hardware components that are available on the market and equipped with digital compensation for the most critical front-end impairments, including the digital predistortion of the power amplifier. It also demonstrates the potential of digital predistortion linearization on two distinct 60 GHz power amplifiers: one integrated in a direct-conversion transceiver and an external one with 24 dBm output power.

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Zhao, Ruiting, Yonghong Liu, Sida Liu, Tong Luo, Guang Yuan Zhong, Anqi Liu, Qiang Zeng, and Sherman Xuegang Xin. "Apoptosis-Promoting Effects on A375 Human Melanoma Cells Induced by Exposure to 35.2-GHz Millimeter Wave." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382093413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820934131.

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Malignant tumors pose a major problem in the medical field. Millimeter wave (MMW) exposure have potential apoptosis-promoting effects on several types of tumors. Considering that the penetration depth of millimeter wave is usually several millimeters, we study the apoptosis-promoting effects of millimeter wave exposure on A375 human melanoma tumor cells in vitro, and this topic has not been explored in the previous literature. In this study, we use the A375 human melanoma cell line as an experimental model exposed to 35.2 GHz millimeter wave in vitro to determine any positive effect and further explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, 2 groups namely, exposed and sham groups, were set. The exposed groups included 4 exposure time periods of 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The cells in the sham group did not receive millimeter wave exposure. After millimeter wave exposure, the A375 cells in the exposed and sham groups were collected for further experimental procedures. The cell viability after exposure was determined using a cell counting kit, and the apoptosis of A375 cells was assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide. Changes in the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including cleaved-caspase-3, and -8, were examined by Western blot. We observed that the millimeter wave exposure could inhibit the viability and induce apoptosis in A375 cells, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and -8 were upregulated ( P < .05). The results indicated that the millimeter wave at 35.2 GHz exerted apoptosis-promoting effects on the A375 cells via a pathway by activating of caspase-8 and -3.

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8

Xiao, Zhenyu. "Suboptimal Spatial Diversity Scheme for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave WLAN." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 9 (September 2013): 1790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.071813.131181.

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9

Kojima, Masami, Masahiro Hanazawa, Yoko Yamashiro, Hiroshi Sasaki, Soichi Watanabe, Masao Taki, Yukihisa Suzuki, Akimasa Hirata, Yoshitsugu Kamimura, and Kazuyuki Sasaki. "ACUTE OCULAR INJURIES CAUSED BY 60-GHZ MILLIMETER-WAVE EXPOSURE." Health Physics 97, no. 3 (September 2009): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0b013e3181abaa57.

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10

Shi, X., and Y. Y. Xing. "60 GHz millimeter-wave transceiver front-end: Design and implementation." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 12 (September 22, 2016): 2894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30169.

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11

Tickoo, Sheetal, and Amit Gupta. "Performance Investigation of Millimeter Wave Generation Reliant on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0134.

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AbstractIn this work, photonic method of generating the millimeter waves has been done based on Brillouin scattering effect in optical fiber. Here different approaches are proposed to get maximum frequency shift in mm-wave region using only pumps, radio signals with Mach-Zehnder modulator. Moreover for generated signal validation, signals modulated and send to both wired and wireless medium in optical domain. It is observed that maximum shift of 300 GHz is realized using 60 GHz input sine wave. Basically a frequency doubler is proposed which double shift of input frequency and provide better SNR. For the future generation network system, the generation of millimeter waves makes them well reliable for the transmission of the data.

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12

Kim, Joongheon, Liang Xian, and Ali S. Sadri. "60 GHz Modular Antenna Array Link Budget Estimation with WiGig Baseband and Millimeter-Wave Specific Attenuation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9073465.

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This paper provides practical 60 GHz link budget estimation results with IEEE 802.11ad standard-defined parameters and 60 GHz specific attenuation factors. In addition, the parameters from currently developing modular antenna arrays (MAAs) are adopted for estimating the actual link budgets of our 60 GHz integrated MAA platforms. Based on the practical link budget analysis results, we can estimate fundamental limits in terms of achievable data rates over 60 GHz millimeter-wave wireless links.

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13

Mneesy, Tarek S., Radwa K. Hamad, Amira I. Zaki, and Wael A. E. Ali. "A Novel High Gain Monopole Antenna Array for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Communications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134546.

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This paper presented the design and implementation of a 60 GHz single element monopole antenna as well as a two-element array made of two 60 GHz monopole antennas. The proposed antenna array was used for 5G applications with radiation characteristics that conformed to the requirements of wireless communication systems. The proposed single element was designed and optimized to work at 60 GHz with a bandwidth of 6.6 GHz (57.2–63.8 GHz) and a maximum gain of 11.6 dB. The design was optimized by double T-shaped structures that were added in the rectangular slots, as well as two external stubs in order to achieve a highly directed radiation pattern. Moreover, ring and circular slots were made in the partial ground plane at an optimized distance as a defected ground structure (DGS) to improve the impedance bandwidth in the desired band. The two-element array was fed by a feed network, thus improving both the impedance bandwidth and gain. The single element and array were fabricated, and the measured and simulated results mimicked each other in both return loss and antenna gain.

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14

Jian-Xin, Ma, Yu Chong-Xiu, Xin Xiang-Jun, Huang Hui-Ying, Rao Lan, and Liu Kun. "Generation of 60-GHz Millimetre Wave with 20-GHz DSB Optical Millimetre Wave." Chinese Physics Letters 25, no. 5 (May 2008): 1701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/25/5/049.

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15

Issa, Khaled, Habib Fathallah, Muhammad A. Ashraf, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, and Saleh Alshebeili. "Broadband High-Gain Antenna for Millimetre-Wave 60-GHz Band." Electronics 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111246.

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This paper focuses on the 60 GHz band, which is known to be very attractive for enabling next-generation abundant multi-Gbps wireless connectivity in 5G communication. We propose a novel concept of a double-layer antenna, loosely inspired from standard log-periodic schemes but with an aperiodic geometry, reduced size, and a limited number of elements while achieving excellent performance over the entire 60 GHz band. To maximize the antenna’s efficiency, we have developed a design that differs from those traditionally used for millimeter-wave communication applications. We aim to simultaneously maximize the gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. The reflection coefficient of the proposed design achieves a bandwidth of 20.66% from 53.9 GHz up to 66.3 GHz, covering the entire frequency band of interest. In addition, this proposed structure achieves a maximum realized gain of 11.8 dBi with an estimated radiation efficiency of 91.2%. The proposed antenna is simulated, fabricated, and tested in an anechoic chamber environment. The measurement data show a reasonable agreement with the simulation results, with respect to the bandwidth, gain, and side-lobe level over the operational spectrum.

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16

Xu Lili, 许丽丽, 宁提纲 Ning Tigang, 李晶 Li Jing, 裴丽 Pei Li, 油海东 You Haidong, 陈宏尧 Chen Hongyao, and 张婵 Zhang Chan. "Improved 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Generator Based on Feed-Forward Modulation." Acta Optica Sinica 33, no. 2 (2013): 0206002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201333.0206002.

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17

Zhang, Wei, Bin Li, Yun Liu, and Cheng-lin Zhao. "Hybrid Beamforming Technology in 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Uplink Communication System." Journal of Electronics & Information Technology 34, no. 11 (July 11, 2013): 2728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1146.2012.00603.

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18

Li, Mingjian, and Kwai-Man Luk. "Wideband Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Communications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, no. 7 (July 2015): 3276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2015.2425418.

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19

Ghattas, Ayad Shohdy W., Ayman Ayd R. Saad, and Elsayed Esam M. Khaled. "Compact Patch Antenna Array for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Broadband Applications." Wireless Personal Communications 114, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 2821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07505-w.

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20

Guo, Benqing, Hongpeng Chen, Xuebing Wang, Jun Chen, Xianbin Xie, and Yueyue Li. "A 60 GHz balun low-noise amplifier in 28-nm CMOS for millimeter-wave communication." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 32 (November 20, 2019): 1950396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503962.

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In this paper, a 60 GHz complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) balun low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented for millimeter-wave communication. To improve the gain and noise performance, slow-wave coplanar waveguides (S-CPW) with high quality factor were designed as input, output, and inter-stage matching networks. At the input port, a balun transformer provides additional passive gain while performing the singled-ended to differential conversion. Implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process, simulated results show that the proposed LNA exhibits a simulated linear gain of 16 dB and a noise figure of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz, with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 5 GHz (58 GHz–63 GHz). The input return loss is better than −25 dB at the central frequency. The simulated input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is −5 dBm. The circuit draws 35 mA from 1 V supply voltage.

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21

Chan, King Yuk “Eric”, and Rodica Ramer. "Millimeter-wave reconfigurable bandpass filters." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 6 (September 9, 2014): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001214.

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Millimeter-wave reconfigurable bandpass filters with the ability to operate between 60 GHz and the E-band, capable of providing good channel isolation, are presented. A fully integrated filter with all reconfigurable elements embedded for compactness and a switchable filter that uses radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical system (RF MEMS) single-pole double-throw switches are designed. A new method that increases fractional bandwidths is introduced. It uses inductively coupled inverters without requiring their tuning. New circuit models are offered for inverters, reconfigurable resonators, and reconfigurable bandstop stubs. Our compact bandpass filter achieved a footprint of only 4.75 mm × 3.75 mm. Measurements for our filters show good agreement with the results of simulations.

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22

Neustock, W., A. Guarnieri, J. Demaison, and G. Wlodarczak. "The Millimeter and Submillimeter-Wave Spectrum of Dimethylether." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0518.

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Abstract We report the analysis of the rotational spectrum of dimethylether measured between 60 and 400 GHz. Rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants are given. Internal rotation splittings are analysed with the I AM method. The value of is compared to the values obtained for similar molecules

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23

Polydorou, A., G. Stratakos, C. Capsalis, and N. Uzunoglu. "Comparative study of millimeter wave propagation at 30 GHz and 60 GHz in indoor environment." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 16, no. 10 (October 1995): 1845–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02068694.

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24

Platonov, Roman, Andrey Altynnikov, Andrey Komlev, Alexei Sosunov, and Andrey B. Kozyrev. "Millimeter-Wave Reflector Based on a Ferroelectric Material with Electrical Beam Steering." Crystals 11, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060585.

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Millimeter waves are increasingly used in modern telecommunication systems for wireless data transmission. However, higher path loss, especially caused by non-line-of-sight scenarios, remains challenging. The design of an electrically controllable reflector for the millimeter-wave range is elaborated and presented in this manuscript. The reflector design was based on distributed ferroelectric ceramic elements and could be used in a frequency range up to 100 GHz. The issue of the ferroelectric reflector impedance matching was analyzed in detail. Two possible implementations of the reflector for indoor and outdoor communication systems were considered and simulated. The prototype of the proposed reflector for an operating frequency of 60 GHz was manufactured. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrated the beam steering by the proposed ferroelectric reflector.

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25

Bhutani, Akanksha, Sören Marahrens, Michael Gehringer, Benjamin Göttel, Mario Pauli, and Thomas Zwick. "The Role of Millimeter-Waves in the Distance Measurement Accuracy of an FMCW Radar Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183938.

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High-accuracy, short-range distance measurement is required in a variety of industrial applications e.g., positioning of robots in a fully automated production process, level measurement of liquids in small containers. An FMCW radar sensor is suitable for this purpose, since many of these applications involve harsh environments. Due to the progress in the field of semiconductor technology, FMCW radar sensors operating in different millimeter-wave frequency bands are available today. An important question in this context, which has not been investigated so far is how does a millimeter-wave frequency band influence the sensor accuracy, when thousands of distance measurements are performed with a sensor. This topic has been dealt with for the first time in this paper. The method used for analyzing the FMCW radar signal combines a frequency- and phase-estimation algorithm. The frequency-estimation algorithm based on the fast Fourier transform and the chirp-z transform provides a coarse estimate of the target distance. Subsequently, the phase-estimation algorithm based on a cross-correlation function provides a fine estimate of the target distance. The novel aspects of this paper are as follows. First, the estimation theory concept of Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) has been used to compare the accuracy of two millimeter-wave FMCW radars operating at 60 GHz and 122 GHz. In this comparison, the measurement parameters (e.g., bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio) as well as the signal-processing algorithm used for both the radars are the same, thus ensuring an unbiased comparison of the FMCW radars, solely based on the choice of millimeter-wave frequency band. Second, the improvement in distance measurement accuracy obtained after each step of the combined frequency- and phase-estimation algorithm has been experimentally demonstrated for both the radars. A total of 5100 short-range distance measurements are made using the 60 GHz and 122 GHz FMCW radar. The measurement results are analyzed at various stages of the frequency- and phase-estimation algorithm and the measurement error is calculated using a nanometer-precision linear motor. At every stage, the mean error values measured with the 60 GHz and 122 GHz FMCW radars are compared. The final accuracy achieved using both radars is of the order of a few micrometers. The measured standard deviation values of the 60 GHz and 122 GHz FMCW radar have been compared against the CRLB. As predicted by the CRLB, this paper experimentally validates for the first time that the 122 GHz FMCW radar provides a higher repeatability of micrometer-accuracy distance measurements than the 60 GHz FMCW radar.

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26

Calvez, Christophe, Romain Pilard, Christian Person, Jean-Philippe Coupez, François Gallée, Frédéric Gianesello, Hilal Ezzeddine, and Daniel Gloria. "Millimeter-wave antenna designs for 60 GHz applications: SoC and SiP approaches." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 2 (March 18, 2011): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000213.

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Antenna on chip (AoC) and antenna in package (AiP) solutions for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications and their characterization are presented in this paper. Antenna integration on low resistivity (LR) and high resistivity (HR) silicon substrate are expected. And, in a packaging approach, the combination of antenna on silicon with a material, which has the effect of a “lens”, allowing increasing gain is presented. In a second part, to satisfy beamforming capabilities, a hybrid integration of the antenna on silicon and glass substrates is proposed.

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27

Voicu, Marius, Domenico Pepe, and Domenico Zito. "Performance and Trends in Millimetre-Wave CMOS Oscillators for Emerging Wireless Applications." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2013 (March 28, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/312618.

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This paper reports the latest advances on millimeter-wave CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Current state-of-the-art implementations are reviewed, and their performances are compared in terms of phase noise and figure of merit. Low power and low phase noise LC-VCO and ring oscillator designs are analyzed and discussed. Design and performance trends over the last decade are provided and discussed. The paper shows how for the higher range of millimeter-waves (>60 GHz) the performances of ring oscillators become comparable with those of LC-VCOs.

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28

TAILLEFER, Eddy, Shoichi KITAZAWA, and Masazumi UEBA. "Switchable Multi-Frequency MMIC Oscillator for the 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Band." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E93-C, no. 4 (2010): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.497.

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29

Rabindranath, Bera, Sarkar Subir Kumar, Sharma Bikash, Sur Samarendra Nath, Bhaskar Debasish, and Bera Soumyasree. "WiMAX Based 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Communication for Intelligent Transport System Applications." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2011): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2011.3217.

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30

Kirthiga, S., and M. Jayakumar. "Performance Studies and Review of Millimeter Wave MIMO Beamforming at 60 GHz." Procedia Technology 21 (2015): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.10.079.

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31

Xu, Tongyang, Spiros Mikroulis, John E. Mitchell, and Izzat Darwazeh. "Bandwidth Compressed Waveform for 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Radio Over Fiber Experiment." Journal of Lightwave Technology 34, no. 14 (July 15, 2016): 3458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2565560.

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32

Wu, Xianyue, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Jian Sun, Jie Huang, Rui Feng, Yang Yang, and Xiaohu Ge. "60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurements and Modeling for Indoor Office Environments." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 4 (April 2017): 1912–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2669721.

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33

Kuri, T., K. Kitayama, A. Stohr, and Y. Ogawa. "Fiber-optic millimeter-wave downlink system using 60 GHz-band external modulation." Journal of Lightwave Technology 17, no. 5 (May 1999): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.762895.

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34

Pursula, Pekka, Timo Karttaavi, Mikko Kantanen, Antti Lamminen, Jan Holmberg, Manu Lahdes, Ilkka Marttila, Markku Lahti, Arttu Luukanen, and Tauno Vaha-Heikkila. "60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Identification Reader on 90-nm CMOS and LTCC." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, no. 4 (April 2011): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2011.2114200.

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35

Sung Tae Choi, Ki Seok Yang, S. Nishi, S. Shimizu, K. Tokuda, and Yong Hoon Kim. "A 60-GHz point-to-multipoint millimeter-wave fiber-radio communication system." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, no. 5 (May 2006): 1953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2006.873617.

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36

Sim, Gek Hong, Adrian Loch, Arash Asadi, Vincenzo Mancuso, and Joerg Widmer. "5G Millimeter-Wave and D2D Symbiosis: 60 GHz for Proximity-Based Services." IEEE Wireless Communications 24, no. 4 (August 2017): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2017.1600098.

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37

Zhou, Anfu, Teng Wei, Xinyu Zhang, and Huadong Ma. "FastND: Accelerating Directional Neighbor Discovery for 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Wireless Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 26, no. 5 (October 2018): 2282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2867044.

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38

McMillan, R. W., S. M. Sharpe, J. Seals, M. G. Elis, M. L. Studwell, V. T. Brady, and E. C. Burdette. "A millimeter wave frequency synthesizer covering the 40?60 GHz waveguide band." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7, no. 9 (September 1986): 1259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01012049.

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39

Elsheakh, Dalia M., and Magdy F. Iskander. "Circularly Polarized Triband Printed Quasi-Yagi Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/329453.

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This paper describes the design and development of a triband with circularly polarized quasi-Yagi antenna for ka-band and short range wireless communications applications. The proposed antenna consists of an integrated balun-fed printed dipole, parasitic folded dipole and a short strip, and a modified ground plane. The antenna structure, together with the parasitic elements, is designed to achieve circular polarization and triband operating at resonant frequencies of 13.5 GHz, 30 GHz, and 60 GHz. Antenna design was first simulated using HFSS ver.14, and the obtained results were compared with experimental measurements on a prototype developed on a single printed circuit board. Achieved characteristics include −10 dB impedance bandwidth at the desired bands, circular polarization axial ratioAR<3 dB, front to back ratio of 6 dB, gain value of about 4 dBi, and average radiation efficiency of 60%. The paper includes comparison between simulation and experimental results.

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40

Agarwal, Smriti, and Dharmendra Singh. "CPW-fed concurrent, dual band planar antenna for millimeter wave applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 9 (July 4, 2018): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001009.

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AbstractIn recent years, millimeter wave (MMW) has received tremendous interest among researchers, which offers systems with high data rate communication, portability, and finer resolution. The design of the antenna at MMWs is challenging as it suffers from fabrication and measurement complexities due to associated smaller dimensions. Current state-of-the-art MMW dual-band antenna techniques demand high precision fabrication, which increases the overall cost of the system. Henceforth, the design of an MMW antenna with fabrication and measurement simplicity is quite challenging. In this paper, a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed single-band MMW antenna operating at 94 GHz (W band) and a dual-band MMW antenna operating concurrently at 60 GHz (V band) and 86 GHz (E band) have been designed, fabricated, and measured. A 50 Ω CPW-to-microstrip transition has also been designed to facilitate probe measurement compatibility and to provide proper feeding to the antenna. The fabricated single frequency 94 GHz antenna shows a fractional bandwidth of 11.2% andE-plane (H-plane) gain 6.17 dBi (6.2 dBi). Furthermore, the designed MMW dual-band antenna shows fractional bandwidth: 2/6.4%, andE-plane (H-plane) gain: 7.29 dBi (7.36 dBi)/8.73 dBi (8.68 dBi) at 60/86 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna provides a simple and cost-effective solution for different MMW applications.

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Lee, Youngju, and Wonjin Sung. "Transmission Performance Evaluation of Cellular Systems Using 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Wireless Link RRHs." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 25, no. 7 (July 31, 2014): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.7.728.

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Zainud-Deen, S., S. Abd Elhamied, and H. Abd El-Azem Malhat. "Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for On-Chip Communication." Advanced Electromagnetics 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i1.333.

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This paper introduces the design and analysis of circularly polarized (CP) and dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antennas for wireless communication at 60 GHz. The CP on-chip antenna consists of a circular aluminum patch with two overlapped circular slots fed by the transmission line. The radiation characteristics of the CP have been analyzed using the finite integration technique and finite element method based electromagnetic solvers. The CP antenna introduces left-hand circular polarization and employs as on-chip transmitter. A design of dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antenna at 60 GHz is investigated and is employed as on-chip receiver. The dual ports of the dual polarized antenna are designed with high isolation between them in order to be used as a two on-chip receivers. The radiation characteristics of the dual-port antenna have been calculated. The effect of the separation distance between the CP-antenna and the dual-polarized antenna on the same chip has been investigated. The performance parameters like the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and the transmission gain of the two antennas at different separation distances have been introduced.

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Lacruz, Jesus O., Dolores Garcia, Pablo Jimenez, Joan Palacios, and Joerg Widmer. "High-Speed Millimeter-Wave Mobile Experimentation on Software-Defined Radios." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 24, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457356.3457368.

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Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) communications have become an integral part of WLAN standards and 5G mobile networks and, as application data rate requirements increase, more and more traffic will move to these very high frequency bands. Although there is an ample choice of powerful experimental platforms for sub-6 GHz research, building mm-Wave systems is much more difficult due to the very high hardware requirements. To address the lack of suitable experimentation platforms, we propose mm-FLEX, a flexible and modular open platform with real-time signal processing capabilities that supports a bandwidth of 2 GHz and is compatible with current mm-Wave standards. The platform is built around a fast FPGA processor and a 60 GHz phased antenna array at front-end that can be reconfigured at nanosecond timescales. Together with its ease of use, this turns the platform into a unique tool for research on beam training in highly mobile scenarios and full-bandwidth mm-Wave signal processing.

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Kim, Joongheon, Jae-Jin Lee, and Woojoo Lee. "Strategic Control of 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave High-Speed Wireless Links for Distributed Virtual Reality Platforms." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5040347.

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This paper discusses the stochastic and strategic control of 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless transmission for distributed and mobile virtual reality (VR) applications. In VR scenarios, establishing wireless connection between VR data-center (called VR server (VRS)) and head-mounted VR device (called VRD) allows various mobile services. Consequently, utilizing wireless technologies is obviously beneficial in VR applications. In order to transmit massive VR data, the 60 GHz mmWave wireless technology is considered in this research. However, transmitting the maximum amount of data introduces maximum power consumption in transceivers. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic/adaptive algorithm that can control the power allocation in the 60 GHz mmWave transceivers. The proposed algorithm dynamically controls the power allocation in order to achieve time-average energy-efficiency for VR data transmission over 60 GHz mmWave channels while preserving queue stabilization. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm presents desired performance.

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Spokoinyi, Boris, Rony E. Amaya, Ibrahim Haroun, and Jim Wight. "System-on-Package MHMIC Milimeter-Wave Frequency Synthesizer for 60 GHz WPANs." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (July 29, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906516.

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We present a low-cost millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer with ultralow phase noise, implemented using system-on-package (SoP) techniques for high-data-rate wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems operating in the unlicensed 60 GHz ISM band (57–64 GHz). The phase noise specification of the proposed frequency synthesizer is derived for a worst case scenario of an 802.11.3c system, which uses a 64-QAM 512-carrier-OFDM modulation, and a data rate of 5.775 Gbps. Our design approach adopts commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) components integrated in a low-cost alumina-based miniature hybrid microwave integrated circuit (MHMIC) package. The proposed design approach reduces not only the system cost and time-to-market, but also enhances the system performance in comparison with system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The synthesizer has measured phase noise of -111.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and integrated phase noise of 2.8° (simulated: 2.5°) measured at 57.6 GHz with output power of +1 dBm.

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Sethi, Waleed Tariq, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, and Majeed A. Alkanhal. "Millimeter Wave Antenna with Mounted Horn Integrated on FR4 for 60 GHz Gbps Communication Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/834314.

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A compact high gain and wideband millimeter wave (MMW) antenna for 60 GHz communication systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a multilayer structure with an aperture coupled microstrip patch and a surface mounted horn integrated on FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 8.3% (57.4–62.4 GHz). The overall antenna gain and directivity are about 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi, which make it suitable for MMW applications and short-range communications. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 7.14 mm × 7.14 mm × 4 mm. The estimated efficiency is 82%. The proposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems.

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Cai, Benxiao, Lingling Sun, and Yuchao Lei. "3D Printing Using a 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Segmented Parabolic Reflective Curved Antenna." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020203.

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This paper proposes a segmented parabolic curved antenna, which can be used in the base station of a 60 GHz millimeter wave communication system, with an oblique Yagi antenna as a feed. By analyzing the reflection and multi-path interference cancellation phenomenon when the main lobe of the Yagi antenna is reflected, the problem of main lobe splitting is solved. 3D printing technology relying on PLA (polylactic acid) granule raw materials was used to make the coaxial connector bracket and segmented parabolic surface. The reflective surface was vacuum coated (via aluminum evaporation) with low-loss aluminum. The manufacturing method is environmentally friendly and the structure was printed with 0.1 mm accuracy based on large-scale commercial applications at a low cost. The experimental results show that the reflector antenna proposed in this paper achieves a high gain of nearly 20 dBi in 57–64 GHz frequency band and ensures that the main lobe does not split.

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B. Majed, Mohammed, Tharek A. Rahman, and Omar Abdul Aziz. "Propagation Path Loss Modeling and Outdoor Coverage Measurements Review in Millimeter Wave Bands for 5G Cellular Communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2254-2260.

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The global bandwidth inadequacy facing wireless carriers has motivated the exploration of the underutilized millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks, and mmWave band is one of the promising candidates due to wide spectrum. This paper presents propagation path loss and outdoor coverage and link budget measurements for frequencies above 6 GHz (mm-wave bands) using directional horn antennas at the transmitter and omnidirectional antennas at the receiver. This work presents measurements showing the propagation time delay spread and path loss as a function of separation distance for different frequencies and antenna pointing angles for many types of real-world environments. The data presented here show that at 28 GHz, 38 GHz and 60 GHz, unobstructed Line of Site (LOS) channels obey free space propagation path loss while non-LOS (NLOS) channels have large multipath delay spreads and can utilize many different pointing angles to provide propagation links. At 60 GHz, there is more path loss and smaller delay spreads. Power delay profiles PDPs were measured at every individual pointing angle for each TX and RX location, and integrating each of the PDPs to obtain received power as a function of pointing angle. The result shows that the mean RMS delay spread varies between 7.2 ns and 74.4 ns for 60 GHz and 28 GHz respectively in NLOS scenario.

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Ellinger, Frank, David Fritsche, Gregor Tretter, Jan Dirk Leufker, Uroschanit Yodprasit, and C. Carta. "Review of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits With Low Power Consumption for High Speed Wireless Communications." Frequenz 71, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2016-0119.

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Abstract In this paper we review high-speed radio-frequency integrated circuits operating up to 210 GHz and present selected state-of-the-art circuits with leading-edge performance, which we have designed at our chair. The following components are discussed employing bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductors (BiCMOS) technologies: a 200 GHz amplifier with 17 dB gain and around 9 dB noise figure consuming only 18 mW, a 200 GHz down mixer with 5.5 dB conversion gain and 40 mW power consumption, a 190 GHz receiver with 47 dB conversion gain and 11 dB noise figure and a 60 GHz power amplifier with 24.5 dBm output power and 12.9 % power added efficiency (PAE). Moreover, we report on a single-core flash CMOS analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) with 3 bit resolution and a speed of 24 GS/s. Finally, we discuss a 60 GHz on-off keying (OOK) BiCMOS transceiver chip set. The wireless transmission of data with 5 Gb/s at 42 cm distance between transmitter and receiver was verified by experiments. The complete transceiver consumes 396 mW.

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Chu, Li-Wei, Chun-Yu Lin, and Ming-Dou Ker. "Design of Dual-Band ESD Protection for 24-/60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2012.2217498.

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