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Wang, Andong, Xiaocong Li, Xianwen Luo, M. Santosh, Yurong Cui, Quanzhong Li, Dongrong Lai, Jianjun Wan, and Xuefen Zhang. "Crustal growth as revealed by integrated U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Ganjiang River, southeastern China." Geological Magazine 157, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 666–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681900116x.
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AbstractThe Ganjiang River, one of eight major tributaries of the Yangtze River, located in the western hinterland of the Cathaysia Block, SE China, has a length of 823 km and a drainage area of 82 809 km2, whose detrital zircons provide a valuable means to trace sediment provenances of the river and explore the crustal growth and evolution of the Cathaysia Block. In the current study, 389 concordia zircon U–Pb age spots and rare earth element (REE) contents, in combination with 201 Lu–Hf isotope analyses, have been determined. Oscillatory zoning, high Th/U ratios and REE distribution patterns indicate that most detrital zircon grains are of magmatic origin. The age can be further divided into seven groups: 130–185 Ma with a peak at 153 Ma (7 %); 217–379 Ma with a peak at 224 Ma (16 %); 390–494 Ma with a peak at 424 Ma (37 %); 500–698 Ma with a peak at 624 Ma (5 %); 716–897 Ma with a peak at 812 Ma (10 %); 902–1191 Ma with a peak at 976 Ma (13 %); and 2232–2614 Ma with a peak at 2471 Ma (5 %). The sources of almost all the zircon age groups can be found from the exposed rocks. In particular, Yanshanian, Hercynian to Indosinian, Pan-African, Grenvillian and Palaeoproterozoic–Archaean zircons can be mainly sourced from the northern Guangdong – southern Jiangxi – western Fujian region, while Caledonian zircons come from southern and central Jiangxi, and Jinningian zircons are from central and northern Jiangxi. Most determined zircon grains exhibit negative εHf(t) values and TDM2 ages of 797 to 4016 Ma with a wide peak at 1500–2100 Ma and a keen peak at 1824 Ma, suggesting that most zircons are sourced from the reworked ancient crustal materials or crust–mantle mixing. The zircon Hf model age cumulative probability diagram shows that rapid crustal growth took place at the Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic and that about 90 % of the crust of the Cathaysia Block was formed before 1.5 Ga.
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Tsertsvadze, Tengiz, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Nikoloz Chkhartishvili, Akaki Abutidze, Lali Sharvadze, Vakhtang Kerashvili, Maia Butsashvili, et al. "Three Years of Progress Toward Achieving Hepatitis C Elimination in the Country of Georgia, April 2015–March 2018." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz956.
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Abstract Background In April 2015, in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Gilead Sciences, the country of Georgia embarked on the world’s first hepatitis C elimination program. We aimed to assess progress toward elimination targets 3 years after the start of the elimination program. Methods We constructed a hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade for adults in Georgia, based on the estimated 150 000 persons aged ≥18 years with active HCV infection. All patients who were screened or entered the treatment program during April 2015–March 2018 were included in the analysis. Data on the number of persons screened for HCV were extracted from the national HCV screening database. For the treatment component, we utilized data from the Georgia National HCV treatment program database. Available treatment options included sofosbuvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir–based regimens. Results Since April 2015, a cumulative 974 817 adults were screened for HCV antibodies; 86 624 persons tested positive, of whom 61 925 underwent HCV confirmatory testing. Among the estimated 150 000 adults living with chronic hepatitis C in Georgia, 52 856 (35.1%) were diagnosed, 45 334 (30.2%) initiated treatment with direct-acting antivirals, and 29 090 (19.4%) achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR). Overall, 37 256 persons were eligible for SVR assessment; of these, only 29 620 (79.5%) returned for evaluation. The SVR rate was 98.2% (29 090/29 620) in the per-protocol analysis and 78.1% (29 090/37 256) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Conclusions Georgia has made substantial progress in the path toward eliminating hepatitis C. Scaling up of testing and diagnosis, along with effective linkage to treatment services, is needed to achieve the goal of elimination.
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Nadezhdina, Elena Y., Zhanna E. Belaya, Ludmila Y. Rozhinskaya, Vilen N. Azyzjan, Oksana V. Ivashenko, Aleksander V. Ilyin, Galina S. Kolesnikova, Irina V. Stanoevich, Anastasia M. Lapshina, and Andrey Y. Grigoriev. "The role of intrа and postoperative ACTH and cortisol levels measurement in patients with Cushing’s disease as an early predictors of remission." Endocrine Surgery 11, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg2017128-37.
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Цель работы. Изучение динамического изменения интра- и ранних послеоперационных гормональных показателей (адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ) и кортизола) в качестве предикторов ремиссии гиперкортицизма.
Материал и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов эндоскопической аденомэктомии у 50 пациентов с болезнью Иценко–Кушинга. Пациенты были разделены на три группы в зависимости от исхода операции. Первая группа – пациенты с вторичной надпочечниковой недостаточностью, подтвержденной клинической картиной и уровнем кортизола меньше 50 нмоль/л; вторая группа – с нормализацией уровней АКТГ и кортизола; третья – с персистенцией болезни Иценко–Кушинга. Оценена динамика снижения уровней АКТГ и кортизола во время операции и в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Группу составили 38 женщин и 12 мужчин в возрасте от 15 до 66 лет. Заборы крови для оценки уровней АКТГ и кортизола производились из периферической вены: первый – на этапе разреза твердой мозговой оболочки, второй – сразу после удаления опухоли и заключительный – через 20 мин после удаления аденомы. Затем исследование вышеуказанных гормонов проводилось всем пациентам через сутки после операции. Уровни АКТГ и кортизола определялись путем иммунохемилюминесцентного анализа на автоматизированной системе Сobas 6000 (Roche, Франция). Референсные интервалы АКТГ – 0–30 нг/мл, кортизола – 123–626 нмоль/л.
Результаты. Не получено четкой зависимости между изменениями уровня исследуемых гормонов в интра- и раннем послеоперационном периоде (20 мин после удаления опухоли) и вероятностью наступления ремиссии заболевания (p > 0,0125). Результаты гормонального исследования через сутки коррелировали с частотой послеоперационной ремиссии (p < 0,0125). В послеоперационном периоде из 50 пациентов у 41 (82%) развилась надпочечниковая недостаточность, у 5 (10%) пациентов показатели нормализовались и у 4 (8%) пациентов наблюдалась персистенция гиперкортицизма.
Заключение. Интраоперационное определение уровней АКТГ и кортизола не является целесообразным для оценки радикальности удаления опухоли.
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Nielsen, Chloe, Kelly Zafman, Nathan Fox, and Emily Miller. "Optimal Timing of Delivery in Women with Higher Order Cesareans: A Cohort Study." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 12 (April 16, 2018): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641587.
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Objective To evaluate whether a planned early term delivery or a planned 39-week delivery is associated with differences in perinatal outcomes in women undergoing a higher order cesarean (HOC). Study Design This cohort study included women with singleton gestations with a history of three or more prior cesareans who delivered at one of two urban tertiary care hospitals. One center routinely delivered HOC at 39 weeks' gestation and the other at 37 weeks. Maternal and neonatal morbidities were compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results The policy of 37-week delivery was associated with a decrease in unscheduled deliveries (15.3 vs. 41.1%; p < 0.001). Planned delivery at 37 weeks was associated with a decreased incidence of composite maternal morbidity (1.6 vs. 7.9%; p = 0.002) and 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 (0.4 vs. 6.4%; p < 0.001), but these differences were not significant after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.17; aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01–1.30, respectively). There were no other differences in perinatal outcomes. Conclusion Compared with planned delivery at 39 weeks, a policy of planned delivery at 37 weeks was associated with a reduction in unscheduled deliveries, but there were no measured differences in perinatal outcomes.
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Fizazi, Karim, Philippe Beuzeboc, Jean Lumbroso, Vincent Haddad, Christophe Massard, Marine Gross-Goupil, Mario Di Palma, et al. "Phase II Trial of Consolidation Docetaxel and Samarium-153 in Patients With Bone Metastases From Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15 (May 20, 2009): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.18.9811.
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PurposeTo assess docetaxel combined with samarium-153–ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP), a radiopharmaceutical with a high affinity for bone, in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).Patients and MethodsPatients with bone metastases from CRPC who achieved a response or stabilization after four cycles of docetaxel and estramustine were given consolidation docetaxel 20 mg/m2/wk for 6 weeks and samarium-153-EDTMP (37 MBq/kg) during week 1. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was assessed by using consensus criteria, and pain was assessed by using a visual analog scale (VAS). This study used a Simon two-step design with PSA–progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary end point.ResultsForty-three patients were included in the trial. A PSA response was obtained in 77% (95% CI, 61% to 82%). The pain response rate was 69% (95% CI, 49% to 85%). At least five of the six planned weekly injections of docetaxel were administered to 34 patients (81%). The consolidation docetaxel–samarium-153–EDTMP regimen was well tolerated; there was no febrile neutropenia, and only two episodes (5%) of rapidly reversible grade 3 thrombocytopenia occurred. Although a serum PSA relapse eventually occurred in all patient cases, this regimen resulted in pain control in the long-term. The median PSA-PFS was 6.4 months (95% CI, 6 to 7 months). The median survival was 29 months (95% CI, 22 to 31); the 1-year survival rate was 77% (62% to 87%); and the 2-year survival rate was 56% (41% to 70%).ConclusionCombining docetaxel and samarium-153–EDTMP in patients with bone metastases from CRPC is well tolerated, and it yields major pain relief that persists long after treatment. Overall survival compares favorably with that expected in this population of patients, most of whom exhibit symptoms.
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Tigabu, Abiye, Moges Tiruneh, and Feleke Mekonnen. "Nasal Carriage Rate, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Staphylococcus aureus with Special Emphasis on MRSA among Urban and Rural Elementary School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9364757.
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Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, and coagulase-positive bacterial species commonly found on the skin and in the nose of most healthy individuals. The anterior nares of nose are the most frequent carriage sites for S. aureus in both adults and children. Methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates has steadily increased worldwide. Objective. The main objective of this study was to determine nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus with special emphasis on MRSA among urban and rural elementary school children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 622 urban and rural elementary school children in Gondar from January 1st to March 30th, 2018. Data was collected using a questionnaire and nasal swab samples were collected by sterile cotton tip swab moistened with sterile normal saline. Collected samples were inoculated on mannitol salt agar and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hrs. S. aureus was confirmed by observing colony characteristics and biochemical tests. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin disc by Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Finally data was entered, cleared, and checked using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odds ratio and logistic regression were used for statistical association. P-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered for statistical association. Result. Of the 622 school children, the overall prevalence of S. aureus was 143/622 (23%). Of them, 14/143 (9.79%) were MRSA. The carriage rate in urban schools was 83/622 (13.3%) whereas it was 60/622 (9.6%) in rural schools. The prevalence of MRSA among urban schools, 9.1%, was higher than their urban counterparts, 0.7%. Gentamycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin were the most effective whereas penicillin and tetracycline were resistant. Children’s fathers’ educational status and number of children in class room were significantly associated with S. aureus but only living in urban of children significantly associated with MRSA. Conclusion. This study showed high prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA, 143/622 (23%) and 14/143 (9.79%), respectively. So, decolonization of nasal carriers of MRSA and reducing the number of students per classroom should be addressed. Moreover, regular large scale survey should be conducted to assess the burden and intervene accordingly.
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Goyal, Rakesh K., Liane Fairfull, Robert B. Gerbing, Todd A. Alonzo4, Soheil Meshinchi4, Beverly J. Lange4, William J. Woods4, and Robert E. Ferrell. "Calcitonin A Genotype Is Associated with Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1813.1813.
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Abstract Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 13 kD 116-amino acid prohormone. Elevated serum levels of procalcitonin have been noted in patients with bacterial infections such as septicemia, pneumonia and immune-mediated conditions like graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and organ rejection. In this study, we sought to examine if a single base pair polymorphism (a T to C transition) at position −624 of the calcitonin A gene (CALCA) was associated with risk of acute GvHD. Subjects: 113 children (median age 10 y; range 0.38 – 19.0 y) with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated on recent Children’s Oncology Group protocols 2891, 2941 or 2961. All of these patients received matched sibling bone marrow transplant (BMT) in first clinical remission. Ablative conditioning consisted of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. All patients received methotrexate until day 100 for GvHD prophylaxis. Methods: All clinical DNA specimens were subjected to whole genome amplification. Genotyping was performed using the 5′-nuclease (TaqMan) assay on the ABI 7700 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Results: Observed CALCA -624 T>C genotypes in 113 patients were: TT = 52 (46%), TC = 43 (38%) and CC = 18 (16%); T allele = 73 (65%) and C allele = 40 (35%). There were no significant differences in patient characteristics (age, gender, race, study 2891/2941/2961, white blood count at diagnosis, FAB type, or cytogenetics) between the TT vs. combined TC or CC groups. Overall, acute GvHD grade I–IV (Seattle criteria) was observed in 55/113 patients (49%). Nineteen out of 52 (37%) with TT, while 21 out of 43 (49%) with TC, and 15 out of 18 (83%) with CC CALCA genotypes developed acute GvHD. Alternatively, acute GvHD was observed in 37% patients with common TT genotype and in 59% patients with variant TC or CC genotype (p=0.023). The odds ratio for developing acute GvHD (grade I – IV) for children with TC or CC genotypes was 2.5 (CI 1.17, 5.33) compared with those with TT genotype. The difference in observed acute GvHD remained significant when the analyses were limited to more uniform subgroups: 54 patients on single trial, 2961 only (p=0.028) and 42 whites only on 2961 trial (p=0.028). Severe acute GvHD (grade III – IV) was seen in 6/52 (12%) patients with TT vs. 6/61 (10%) in those with TC or CC genotypes; this difference was not statistically significant (p =0.771). There were no significant differences in day +100 transplant related deaths, engraftment, relapse rate or overall survival. Plans: Association between CALCA genotypes and infectious complications will be also analyzed when clinical data abstraction is completed. CALCA −1752 C>G and 3740 A>G genotyping is in progress and clinical correlative analyses will be repeated at genotype and haplotype levels.
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Susilowati, Dewi, Niken Subekti, and Siti Harnina Bintari. "The Potential of Microbial Symbionts Macrotermes gilvus Hagen Termite Gut as Degrading Agents of Cellulose in Bioethanol Production." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14965.
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Water hyacinth is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production because of their high cellulose. The microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus termite’s gut have a high endoglucanase enzyme activity. This research was aimed to analyze the pH, temperature and agitation effects towards cell density, endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, and to determine the effective optimum condition that can produce maximum reducing sugar. This research used central composite design (CCD) with the total number of run was . The independent variables were including pH (5.9, 6.4, 7.0, 7.6, 8.0), temperature (30 0C, 33 0C, 37 0C, 41 0C, 44 0C) and agitation (90 rpm,114 rpm, 150 rpm,185 rpm, 210 rpm), with six replications at central points. Parameters measured were cell density, endoglukanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, thus analyzed by the statistical software package MINITAB 18.0. The Student’s t-test result showed the primary sequence influencing cell density as pH ˃ agitation ˃ temperature and towards endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar as pH ˃ temperature ˃ agitation, P ˂ 0.05. The maximum reducing sugar (60.13 ± 3.16 mmolL-1) was obtained at pH 6.95, temperature 37 0C and agitation 150 rpm. The results of this research can be used to explore the more potential microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus Hagen termite’s gut.
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Das, Subhas, and Dileep Kumar Singh. "Purification and characterization of phosphotriesterases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B and Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum SBL11." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-113.
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A microbial biodegradation of monocrotophos was studied in the present investigation. The monocrotophos-degrading enzyme was purified and characterized from two soil bacterial strains. The cells were disrupted and the membrane-bound fractions were studied for purification and characterization. Solubilization of the membrane-bound fractions released nearly 80% of the bound protein. Phase separation further enriched the enzyme fraction 34–41 times. The enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) from both the strains was purified to more than 1000-fold with 13%–16% yield. Purified PTE from Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum SBL11 is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 43.5 kDa (pI of 7.5), while PTE from Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B is a heterodimeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 43 and 41 kDa (pI of 7.9 and 7.35). Both purified enzymes are stable enzymes with peak activity at pH 9.0. The enzyme from strain F10B was more thermostable (half-life = 7.3 h) than that from SBL11 (half-life = 6.4 h at 50 °C), while both showed the same temperature optimum of 37 °C. Inhibitors like dithiothreitol and EDTA inhibited the purified enzyme, while p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and indoleacetic acid had a very little effect.Key words: biodegradation, monocrotophos, phosphotriesterase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B, Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum SBL11.
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Schadewaldt, Peter, Annette Bodner-Leidecker, Hans-Werner Hammen, and Udo Wendel. "Significance of l-Alloisoleucine in Plasma for Diagnosis of Maple Syrup Urine Disease." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.10.1734.
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Abstract Background: The significance of plasma l-alloisoleucine, which is derived from l-isoleucine in vivo, for diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) was examined. Methods: Branched-chain l-amino acids were measured by automatic amino acid analysis. Results: Alloisoleucine reference values in plasma were established in healthy adults [1.9 ± 0.6 μmol/L (mean ± SD); n = 35], children 3–11 years (1.6 ± 0.4 μmol/L; n = 17), and infants <3 years (1.3 ± 0.5 μmol/L; n = 37). The effect of dietary isoleucine was assessed in oral loading tests. In controls receiving 38 μmol (n = 6; low dose) and 1527 μmol (n = 3; high dose) of l-isoleucine per kilogram of body weight, peak increases of plasma isoleucine were 78 ± 24 and 1763 ± 133 μmol/L, respectively; the peak increase of alloisoleucine, however, was negligible for low-dose (<0.3 μmol/L) and minor for high-dose (5.5 ± 2.1 μmol/L) load. In patients with diabetes mellitus, ketotic hypoglycemia, phenylketonuria, and obligate heterozygous parents of MSUD patients, alloisoleucine was not significantly different from healthy subjects. Therefore, a plasma concentration of 5 μmol/L was used as a cutoff value. In patients with classical MSUD (n = 7), alloisoleucine was beyond the cutoff value in 2451 of 2453 unselected samples. In patients with variant MSUD (n = 9), alloisoleucine was >5 μmol/L in all samples taken for establishment of diagnosis and in 94% of the samples taken for treatment control (n = 624). With the other branched-chain amino acids, the frequency of diagnostically significant increases was <45%. Conclusions: The present findings indicate that plasma l-alloisoleucine above the cutoff value of 5 μmol/L is the most specific and most sensitive diagnostic marker for all forms of MSUD.
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Pfanzelt, Simon, Dirk C. Albach, and K. Bernhard von Hagen. "Extremely low levels of chloroplast genome sequence variability in Astelia pumila (Asteliaceae, Asparagales)." PeerJ 7 (January 17, 2019): e6244. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6244.
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Astelia pumila (G.Forst.) Gaudich. (Asteliaceae, Asparagales) is a major element of West Patagonian cushion peat bog vegetation. With the aim to identify appropriate chloroplast markers for the use in a phylogeographic study, the complete chloroplast genomes of five A. pumila accessions from almost the entire geographical range of the species were assembled and screened for variable positions. The chloroplast genome sequence was obtained via a mapping approach, using Eustrephus latifolius (Asparagaceae) as a reference. The chloroplast genome of A. pumila varies in length from 158,215 bp to 158,221 bp, containing a large single copy region of 85,981–85,983 bp, a small single copy region of 18,182–18,186 bp and two inverted repeats of 27,026 bp. Genome annotation predicted a total of 113 genes, including 30 tRNA and four rRNA genes. Sequence comparisons revealed a very low degree of intraspecific genetic variability, as only 37 variable sites (18 indels, 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms, one 3-bp mutation)—most of them autapomorphies—were found among the five assembled chloroplast genomes. A Maximum Likelihood analysis, based on whole chloroplast genome sequences of several Asparagales accessions representing six of the currently recognized 14 families (sensu APG IV), confirmed the phylogenetic position of A. pumila. The chloroplast genome of A. pumila is the first to be reported for a member of the astelioid clade (14 genera with c. 215 species), a basally branching group within Asparagales.
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Wang, Youping, and Donna H. Wang. "Prevention of endothelin-1-induced increases in blood pressure: role of endogenous CGRP." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 4 (October 2004): H1868—H1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00241.2004.
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To determine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors in the regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and subjected to the following treatments for 1 wk with or without ABT-627 (an ETA receptor antagonist, 5 mg·kg−1·day−1 in drinking water) or A-192621 (an ETB-receptor antagonist, 30 mg·kg−1·day−1 by oral gavage): control (Con), ET-1 (5 ng·kg−1·min−1 iv), Con + ABT-627, Con + A-192621, ET-1 + ABT-627, and ET-1 + A-192621. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) was higher ( P < 0.05) in Con + A-192621 (122 ± 4) and ET-1 + A-192621 (119 ± 4) groups compared with Con (104 ± 6), ET1 (106 ± 3), Con + ABT-627 (104 ± 3), and ET1 + ABT-627 (100 ± 3) groups. Intravenous administration of CGRP8–37 (a CGRP receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg) increased MAP ( P < 0.05) in ET-1 (13 ± 1), Con + A-192621 (12 ± 1), and ET-1 + A-192621 (15 ± 3) groups compared with Con (4 ± 1), Con-ABT-627 (4 ± 1), and ET-1 + ABT-627 (5 ± 1) groups. Plasma CGRP levels (in pg/ml) were increased ( P < 0.05) in ET-1 (57.5 ± 6.1), Con + A-192621 (53.9 ± 3.4), and ET-1 + A-192621 (60.4 ± 3.0) groups compared with Con (40.4 ± 1.6), Con + ABT-627 (40.0 ± 2.9), and ET-1 + ABT-627 (42.6 ± 1.9) groups. Plasma ET-1 levels (in pg/ml) were higher ( P < 0.05) in ET-1 (2.8 ± 0.2), ET-1 + ABT-627 (3.2 ± 0.4), Con + A-192621 (3.3 ± 0.4), and ET-1 + A-192621 (4.6 ± 0.3) groups compared with Con (1.1 ± 0.2) and Con-ABT-627 (1.3 ± 0.2) groups. Therefore, our data show that ET-1 infusion leads to increased CGRP release via activation of the ETA receptor, which plays a compensatory role in preventing ET-1-induced elevation in blood pressure.
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Korah, Herny, Frans G. Ijong, and I. Ketut Suwetja. "Salmonella occurrence and myoglobin (mb) in frozen smoked tuna." AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jasm.3.2.2015.14046.
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Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Keberadaan salmonella dan tingkat kesegaran frozen smoked tuna
This study aimed to quantify Salmonella, Total and Total Plate Count (TPC) in fresh tuna loin, frozen tuna loin, and frozen tuna loin filled with CO gas, to analyze the level of freshness of the fish through the test Mb, pH and appearance in fresh tuna loin, frozen tuna loin and frozen tuna loin filled with CO gas, and to describe the presence of Salmonella and the provision of value Mb with CO gas. Object of study in this research is the bacterium Salmonella and Myoglobin (Mb) in frozen smoked tuna, through the fish freshness analysis (Mb value test, pH, and organoleptic), TPC analysis, total Salmonella in fresh tuna (as a positive control), frozen tuna loin and frozen tuna loin frozen filled with CO gas. Results showed total Salmonella after incubation at 37 ° C for 24 and 48 hours fresh tuna loin, frozen tuna loin, and frozen tuna loin frozen filled with CO gas were 4.80 x 102 CFU/g and 5.43 x 102 CFU/g; 0.57 x 10 CFU/g and 1.55 x 102 CFU/g; 3.90 x 102 CFU/g; and 8.63 x 102 CFU/g, respectively. Total Salmonella tended to decline in frozen tuna, but increase in frozen tuna CO at 48 hours incubation. Mb value was 1.02 for fresh tuna loin, 0.86 for frozen tuna and 0,92 for frozen tuna filled with CO gas, respectively. The pH value was 5.23 in fresh tuna loin, 6.10 in frozen tuna loin, and 6.24 in frozen tuna loin filled with CO gas. Organoleptic value showed that fresh tuna loin was attractive to very attractive, frozen tuna loin was attractive and frozen tuna loin with CO gas was very attractive. TPC incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours for fresh tuna loin was 11.75 x 103 CFU/g, for frozen tuna loin was 1.66 x 103 CFU/g, and frozen tuna loin with CO gas was 1.54x103 CFU/g. TPC incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours for fresh tuna loin was 12,13x103 CFU/g, frozen tuna loin was 1.73 x 103 CFU/g, and frozen tuna loin with CO gas was CO 1.99 x 103 CFU/g.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesegaran ikan, menghitung Total Plate Count (TPC) dan total Salmonella pada tuna loin segar, tuna loin beku, dan tuna loin beku yang diberi gas CO, serta mendeskripsikan keberadaan Salmonella dan tingkat kesegaran frozen smoked tuna. Objek kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah isolat Salmonella dan Mioglobin (Mb) pada frozen smoked tuna, dengan menganalisis kesegaran ikan (uji nilai Mb, pH dan organoleptik), analisis TPC, total Salmonella pada tuna segar (sebagai control positif), tuna beku dan tuna beku yang diberi gas CO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Total Salmonella yang diinkubasi pada suhu 37OC selama 24 dan 48 jam untuk tuna loin segar, beku dan beku yang diberi CO berturut-turut : 4,80 x 102 CFU/g dan 5,43 x 102 CFU/g; 0,57 x 10 CFU/g dan 1,55 x 102 CFU/g; 3,90 x 102CFU/g; dan 8,63 x 102 CFU/g. Total Salmonella cenderung menurun pada tuna beku, tetapi naik pada tuna beku CO dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam. Nilai Mb masing-masing adalah: 1,02 untuk tuna segar, 0,86 untuk loin tuna beku dan 0,92 untuk loin tuna beku yang diberi gas CO. Nilai pH 5,23 untuk loin tuna segar, 6,10 untuk loin tuna beku dan sebesar 6,24 untuk loin tuna beku yang diberi gas CO. Nilai organoleptic 7,55 untuk loin tuna segar ( diantara menarik dan sangat menarik), 7,35 loin tuna beku (menarik) dan 7,75 loin tuna beku yang diberi gas CO (sangat menarik). TPC yang diinkubasi pada suhu 37OC selama 24 jam adalah 11,75 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna segar, 1,66 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna beku dan 1,54 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna beku yang diberi gas CO sebesar. TPC yang diinkubasi pada suhu 37OC selama 48 jam 12,13 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna segar, 1,73 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna beku dan 1,99 x 103 CFU/g untuk loin tuna beku yang diberi gas CO.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Bioadsorption of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewater Using Some Species of Bacteria." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2016): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.3.435-448.
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Three isolated bacteria were examined to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater of the Diala State Company of Electrical Industries, Diyala-Iraq. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The three isolates were used as an adsorption factor for different concentrations of Lead and Copper (100, 150, and 200 ppm.), in order to examine the adsorption efficiency of these isolates. In addition, the effect of three factors on heavy metals adsorption were examined; temperature (25, 30, and 37 ?C), pH (3 and 4.5) and contact time (2 and 24 hrs). The results showed that the highest level of lead adsorption was obtained at 37 ?C by E. coli, P, aerugenosa and SRB with percentage of 95, 95.3 and 99.7 % respectively, whereas, E. coli, P. Aerugenosa and SRB gave a copper adsorption percentage of (40.63, 50.51 and 80.57%) respectively at 37 ?C. Moreover, E.coli showed different percentage of metal adsorption ranged from 6.4% to 95 % with lead concentration of 100 and 200 ppm at pH4.5 and for each of 2 and 24 hrs contact time, whereas, it exerts percentage of copper adsorption ranged from 3.5 % to 40.63 % at 100 and 200 ppm and pH value of 4.5 for similar contact time. P. aerugenosa was also shown to be involved in metal adsorption with percentage ranged from 1.39 % for lead concentration of 150 ppm to 97.9 % for 200ppm under pH of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs. Interestingly, SRB exhibits significant differences in metal absorption values ranged from 14.97 % for lead (100 ppm) to 99.32 % at 200 ppm with a pH value of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs and under different temperatures.
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Downen, Julie, and Cassie Jaeger. "Quality improvement of intravenous to oral medication conversion using Lean Six Sigma methodologies." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 1 (January 2020): e000804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000804.
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IntroductionLack of medication conversion from intravenous to oral contributes to increased risk of infection, delayed discharges and higher medication costs. At our institution, intravenous to oral medication conversion rate was 76% with missed opportunity for conversion of 37%. The goal of the project was to reduce the percent of missed opportunities for intravenous to oral conversion for applicable medications.MethodsA pharmacy-driven intravenous to oral policy and procedure was implemented. To identify potential opportunities, a patient worklist of applicable intravenous to oral medications was created for pharmacy review in real time. An intravenous to oral conversion order was implemented in the computerised provider order entry. ‘Convert to oral’ was added as an option in the electronic medication request and highlighted reminders were added to the electronic medication administration record for eligible medications.ResultsAfter improvements, the missed opportunity rate for intravenous to oral conversion decreased from 37% (19/51) to 21% (24/113) (p=0.04, two-proportion test), a 43% improvement. The trend in intravenous to oral conversion rate increased from 76% (39/51) to 85% (171/201) and severity adjusted length of stay was reduced from 8.1 days to 6.4 days post improvements (p<0.001, t-test).
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Irving, R. A., T. D. Noakes, R. Buck, R. van Zyl Smit, E. Raine, J. Godlonton, and R. J. Norman. "Evaluation of renal function and fluid homeostasis during recovery from exercise-induced hyponatremia." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.342.
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Renal function including fluid and electrolyte balance was studied during recovery in eight subjects who developed symptomatic hyponatremia (HN; plasma sodium concentration less than 130 mM) during an 88-km ultramarathon footrace and compared with results for normonatremic runners [NN; n = 18, mean postrace plasma sodium concentration, 138.2 +/- 1.2 (SE) mM]. Estimated fluid intake during the race for HN was 12.5 +/- 1.6 (SE) liters over 9 h 41 min (+/- 28 min). HN excreted a net fluid excess of 2.95 +/- 0.56 (range 1.2–5.9) liters compared with a fluid deficit of 2.7 +/- 0.3% body weight in NN. The sodium deficit was 153 +/- 35 mmol in HN and 187 +/- 37 mmol in NN. Despite the fluid overload, plasma volume was decreased by 24.1 +/- 5.0% in HN compared with 8.2 +/- 2.6% in NN. Serum renin activity (5.1 +/- 2.0 ng.ml-1.h-1), aldosterone concentrations (410 +/- 34 ng/l), creatinine clearances (174.8 +/- 28.2 ml/min), and urine output (6.4 +/- 1.0 ml/min) were markedly elevated in HN during recovery. Thus the hyponatremia of exercise results from fluid retention in subjects who ingest abnormally large fluid volumes during prolonged exercise.
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Al-oanzi, Ziad H., Stephen P. Tuck, Nicholas Raj, John S. Harrop, Gregory D. Summers, David B. Cook, Roger M. Francis, and Harish K. Datta. "Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Male Osteoporosis." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.059568.
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Abstract Background: Clinical assessment of vitamin D status often relies on measuring total circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), but much of each vitamin D metabolite is bound to plasma vitamin D–binding protein (DBP), such that the percentage of free vitamin is very low. We hypothesized that measurement of free rather than total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and 25OHD3 may provide better assessment of vitamin D status. We therefore aimed to assess vitamin D status in men with idiopathic osteoporosis, in whom possible secondary causes of osteoporosis had been excluded, and to determine the extent of change in biologically active “free” vitamin D caused by variation in plasma DBP concentrations. Methods: We measured 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25OHD3 in plasma samples from 56 men with idiopathic osteoporosis [mean (SD) age, 59.6 (13.6) years; range, 21–86 years] and 114 male controls [62.4 (10.4) years; range, 44–82 years]. Results: Mean total plasma 25OHD3 in the 56 men with osteoporosis and the 114 controls was 44.7 (21) and 43.3 (17) nmol/L, respectively; total plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 measured in randomly selected men with osteoporosis (n = 50) and controls (n = 50) was 90 (37) and 103 (39) pmol/L, respectively. Mean plasma DBP was significantly higher (P <0.001) in men with osteoporosis [224 (62) mg/L; n = 56] than in the controls [143 (34) mg/L; n = 114], but calculated free plasma 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in the osteoporotic men than in controls [6.1 (3.1) vs 9.1 (4.4) pmol/L (P <0.00001) and 77 (37) vs 142 (58) fmol/L (P <0.00001), respectively]. Conclusions: Measurement of total vitamin D metabolites alone, although providing a crude assessment of vitamin D status, may not give an accurate indication of the free (biologically active) form of the vitamin. The ratio of total 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 to plasma DBP, rather than total circulating vitamin D metabolites, may provide a more useful index of biological activity. Further studies are required to substantiate this hypothesis.
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Hintze, T. H., F. L. Belloni, J. E. Harrison, and G. C. Shapiro. "Apparent reduction in baroreflex sensitivity to adenosine in conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): H554—H559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.3.h554.
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Relative effects of equihypotensive doses (-35 mmHg) of adenosine (5.0 mumol/kg) and nitroglycerin (25 micrograms/kg) on heart rate and, therefore, baroreflex sensitivity were studied in conscious dogs. Nitroglycerin increased heart rate 133 +/- 24% from 78 +/- 5.5 beats/min, whereas adenosine increased heart rate only 79 +/- 16% from 78 +/- 5.2 beats/min (P less than 0.01). Injection of nitroglycerin during combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor blockades caused arterial pressure to fall 38 +/- 3.4% from 107 +/- 3.2 mmHg without any significant change in heart rate (3.8 +/- 3.8 from 162 +/- 9.2 beats/min). During combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor blockades adenosine also reduced arterial pressure 45 +/- 2.7% from 106 +/- 2.9 mmHg but unexpectedly reduced heart rate as well by 37 +/- 1.7% from 160 +/- 9.7 beats/min. This bradycardia reflected an effect on the sinoatrial (SA) node rather than an induction of heart block, since the R-R interval increased by 70 +/- 7.8% from 371 +/- 20 ms (P less than 0.01), while the P-R interval increased only 13 +/- 2.3% from 97 +/- 7.2 ms (P less than 0.05) with no electrocardiographic evidence of nonconducted beats. Arterial plasma adenosine levels were 43 +/- 5 nmol/ml at this time. Adenosine also caused bradycardia during muscarinic blockade alone (-43 +/- 3.4% from 201 +/- 6.4 beats/min) and following bilateral vagal section (-33 +/- 1.9% from 151 +/- 5.9 beats/min). In summary, adenosine appears to alter normal baroreflex function in the conscious dog by reducing the tachycardia that normally follows a fall in systemic arterial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Rastogi, Sameer, Aditi Aggarwal, Sorun Shishak, Adarsh Barwad, Ekta Dhamija, Rambha Pandey, Asit Ranjan Mridha, et al. "Discordance of Histo-pathological Diagnosis of Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma Referred to Tertiary Care Center." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 4, no. 4 (August 9, 2019): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2019.4.4.119-123.
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Background: Reaching the correct histo-pathological diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is a great challenge and is cornerstone for treatment planning. Need of expertise for diagnosis is limited due to the lack of dedicated expert sarcoma pathologists and oncologists in India. In this study we highlight the pattern of pathological diagnosis and its accuracy outside specialist centre. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of all patients referred to us with a clinical or histopathologic diagnosis of STS over the period January 2016 to December 2017. According to the protocol, all patients had a review of histopathology diagnosis from our institute. The tissue blocks if available were reviewed and a fresh biopsy was performed when required. The histopathologic diagnosis was also reviewed in the joint clinic, giving clinico-radiological inputs to sarcoma pathologists. For the patients with outside diagnosis and discordant report, we divided them into major discrepancy (including change of diagnosis of sarcoma to benign or other histological entity that could potentially change the treatment plan) or minor discrepancy (like mild change in grade or histopathological diagnosis not affecting the treatment plan). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS ver 23.Results: There were 149 patients with median age of 36 years (range 14-77 years), and 93 patients (62.4%) were males. About 57% (85 cases) of patients had localized disease. Most common subtypes were synovial sarcoma (16%), liposarcoma (9%), soft tissue ewings sarcoma (9%), MPNST (9%), leiomyosarcoma (8%), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (8%). Of 149 patients, 47 (31.5%) had not been worked up outside by immunohistochemistry or other molecular studies and thus comparison was not possible; while 4 patients couldn’t retrieve blocks and repeat biopsy could not be performed. Of 97 patients (biopsy = 84, FNAC = 13) who had diagnosis from outside, 37% had major discrepancy and 24% had minor discrepancy as compared with our diagnosis from the sarcoma specialists. Univariate analysis revealed that the major discrepancy was more in non-extremity than extremity STS (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Histopathologic diagnosis in more than half of patients referred from outside centers was discordant with respect to the diagnosis of our centre with major implications on 37% of cases. We believe this is due to the lack of sarcoma pathology experts, and they are virtually non-existent in the multidisciplinary clinic set up outside the tertiary care centres.
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Boehmer, Leigh, Latha Shivakumar, Christine B. Weldon, Julia Rachel Trosman, Stephanie A. Cohen, Dawn Nixon, Zohra Ali-Khan Catts, et al. "BRCA testing concordance with national guidelines for patients with breast cancer in community cancer programs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1526.
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1526 Background: Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for genetic/familial high-risk assessment state that testing for highly penetrant breast/ovarian cancer genes is clinically indicated for women with early onset (≤ 45 years) or metastatic HER-2 negative breast cancer. A recent Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) survey (N = 95) showed that > 80% of respondents reported ≤ 50% testing rate of patients with breast cancer who met guidelines. Given this disconnect, ACCC partnered with 15 community cancer programs to assess practice gaps and support interventions to improve access to genetic counseling (GC)/testing. Methods: Pre-intervention data from 9/15 partner programs for women diagnosed with stages 0-III breast cancer between 01/01/2017 and 06/30/2019 was collected. De-identified variables included: family history documentation, GC appointment/test results, and timing of results relative to treatment decisions. Results: There were 2691 women with stages 0-III breast cancer. Forty-eight percent (1284/2691) had a documented high-risk family history, 57% (729/1284) of whom had a GC appointment. This was a significantly higher rate of GC compared to the 23% (181/778) of women with no family history and 6% (35/629) of women with no documentation of family history (p < 0.0001). Patients ≤ 45 years old attended a GC appointment 72% (199/278) of the time and 49% (135/278) had genetic test results, with 84% (113/135) receiving results before surgery. For women with test results available before surgery, 37% (119/322) had breast conserving surgery, compared to 60% (144/240) with test results disclosed post-operatively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Genetic testing is underutilized in a community cohort of women with breast cancer. Further analysis is needed to understand the impact genetic test results have on surgical decisions. Opportunities exist to improve current rates of appropriate GC/testing. ACCC will share results of quality improvement projects to illuminate which strategies hold promise in reducing the hereditary breast cancer GC/testing practice gap.
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Gong, Yanglin, and Antony Gillies. "Double-angle shear connections with short outstanding legs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 8 (August 2008): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-022.
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This paper describes an experimental study on double-angle shear connections with a narrow outstanding leg width from 31 to 37 mm. When connection angles are welded to a supporting column with a face width less than 152 mm, a common practice is either to weld the angles to the column by flare bevel groove welds or shorten the outstanding legs to accommodate fillet welds. This practice reduces the rotational capacity of the connections; and therefore confirmation of this practice is required. Three groups, comprising 12 full-scale connection specimens, were tested. Each group consisted of four specimens having three, four, five, and six bolts, respectively. Group A used 9.5 mm thick angles and fillet welds, group B used 6.4 mm thick angles and fillet welds, and group C used 9.5 mm thick angles and flare bevel groove welds. The test results demonstrated that both rotational and shear capacities of the connections are satisfactory when either of the two details are used.
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Panagiotopoulos, S., M. J. Daly, and W. G. Nayler. "Effect of acidosis and alkalosis on postischemic Ca gain in isolated rat heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): H821—H828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.3.h821.
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The effect of pH of the reperfusion buffer on postischemic changes in tissue Ca and Na was examined in isolated Langendorff-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat hearts. Reperfusion began after 15-, 25-, or 60-min ischemia at 37 degrees C. After 60-min ischemia, reperfusion at pH 6.4 or 6.6 attenuated the reperfusion-induced Ca gain so long as the acidotic conditions were maintained (3.08 +/- 0.22, 1.37 +/- 0.41, and 16.96 +/- 1.18 mumol Ca gain/g dry wt for pH 6.4, 6.6, and 7.4, respectively after 15-min reperfusion). Conversely, reperfusion under alkalotic conditions (pH 7.9) after 60-min ischemia exacerbated the gain (27.45 +/- 4.75 and 8.92 +/- 1.53 mumol Ca gain/g dry wt during 5-min reperfusion at pH 7.9 and 7.4, respectively). Similar, but less pronounced Ca gains occurred during reperfusion after 15- or 25-min ischemia. Sodium content during reperfusion, but not during aerobic perfusion, was also found to be pH sensitive with acidosis causing a reduction and alkalosis an increase. These results could not be explained in terms of an effect of pH on recovery of high-energy phosphates, percentage "reflow" during reperfusion, or reperfusion-induced increases in tissue water or resting tension. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the "inhibitory" effect of acidosis on postischemic Ca overload could involve an effect of pH on the Na(+)-H+ exchanger and intracellular Ca storage.
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Mekuriyaw, Abebayehu Melesew, Muhabaw Shumye Mihret, and Ayenew Engida Yismaw. "Determinants of Preterm Birth among Women Who Gave Birth in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia, 2018: Institutional Based Case Control Study." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854073.
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Background. Preterm birth refers to a birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation and after fetal viability. It is now the leading cause of new born deaths. Although identifying its common risk factors is mandatory to decrease preterm birth and thereby neonatal deaths, there was a dearth of studies in the study area. Objective. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in Amhara region referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018. Method. An institutional based case-control study was conducted from September 01 to December 01/2018. A total of 405 mothers (135 cases and 270 controls) were included in the study. Multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were collected using structured questionnaire through face to face interview and checklist via Chart review. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and export to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statics like mean, frequency and percentage was used to describe the characteristics of participants. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out. Variable having p-value <0.05 in binary logistic regression were the candidate for multivariable analyses. Finally, the statistical significance of the study was claimed based on the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and its p-value <0.05. Result. The result of multivariable analysis show that mothers with no formal education (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.91), history of abortion (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.3, 6.4), multiple gestation (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.7, 9.8), hemoglobin level <11 gm/dl (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.11, 7.31), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 3.23, 12.7) and pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR = 4.74; 95% CI: 2.49, 9.0) had statistically significant association with experiencing preterm birth. Conclusion and Recommendation. Most of the determinants of preterm birth found to be modifiable. Thus, putting emphasis for prevention of obstetric and gynecologic complications such as anemia, premature rupture of membrane and abortion would decrease the incidence of preterm birth. Moreover, strengthening Information Communication Education about prevention of preterm birth was recommended.
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Ravida, N., C. Young, L. Gokool, and B. S. Durrant. "113 DEVELOPING A CRYOPRESERVATION PROTOCOL FOR DESERT TORTOISE SPERM (GOPHERUS AGASSIZZII)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab113.
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The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizzii) is listed as threatened by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service and population declines continue to occur throughout most of their range. This species’ low reproductive rate, combined with the advanced age at which they reach sexual maturity, makes them vulnerable to multiple threats. Although assisted reproductive technologies can enhance breeding of many species, they are not widely used in tortoises. The objective of this study was to identify effective sperm cryopreservation protocols for the desert tortoise and possibly to other members of Testudinidae. We compared the effects of various concentrations of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol (6–20%) using 3 freezing devices at 4 freeze rates (CryoCooler, Ops Diagnostics, 2.3°C/m, 6.4°C/m; CryoMed, Thermo Scientific, 0.3°C/m or 1.0°C/m; and CoolCell, Biocision, 1.0°C/m) on several sperm parameters. Sperm was collected postmortem from the vas deferens of 9 individuals and tested either individually (n = 2), combined into 1 pool of 3 individuals, or 2 pools of 2 individuals. Sperm was extended in TEST-yolk buffer. Initial motility score (IMS; % motile × speed of progression2), plasma membrane integrity (IPL), and acrosome integrity (IAC) were recorded before cryoprotectant addition and freezing. For each treatment group, triplicate vials were thawed at 37°C for 60 s. Cryoprotectant was removed by centrifugation and the sperm pellet was resuspended in M199 + HEPES. Sperm were evaluated immediately following resuspension (T0), as well as 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes postincubation at 22°C. All data were expressed as a percentage of initial (%IMS, %IPL, and %IAC). A sperm quality index (SQI) was calculated as (%IMS × %IPL × %IAC)/1,000, giving equal weight to each indicator of cryosurvival. The effects of freeze method on %IMS, %IPL, %IAC, and SQI were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The effect of freeze method was significant at T0 and T60, with the 16% DMSO, 6.4°C/m method resulting in the highest %IMS at T0 (46.1%) and T30 (33.8%) and the 12% glyercol at 0.3°C/m highest at T60 (48.7%). Sperm frozen in 16% glycerol at 0.3°C/m had the highest %IPL at T0, T30, and T60 (91.9, 90.4, and 85.4%, respectively). Acrosome integrity was best maintained when sperm were frozen in 16% DMSO at 6.4°C/min (91.9%). The SQI was highest at T0 when sperm was frozen at 1.0°C/min in the CryoMed with highest post-thaw sperm parameters in 16% (T0) or 12% glycerol (T30 and T60). Interestingly, there were significant differences in SQI between the two 1.0°C/min freeze methods at each period, indicating that freezing device affected sperm cryosurvival, perhaps due to different freezing curves. This study indicates that mid-range (12 and 16%) cryoprotectant concentrations and slow freeze rates (0.3°C/m and 1.0°C/m) are optimal for desert tortoise sperm frozen in TEST-yolk buffer. Future studies will determine fertilizing capability of these sperm. These results may serve as a starting point for the study of sperm cryopreservation in other Testudinidae species.
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Yoshida-Yoneda, E., T. J. O-Lee, J. Y. Wei, S. R. Vigna, and Y. Tache. "Peripheral bombesin induces gastric vagal afferent activation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): R1584—R1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.6.r1584.
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Bombesin's influence on gastric vagal afferent discharge (GVAD) was studied in urethan-anesthetized rats. Vehicle and peptides were injected intravenously at 30-min intervals. Cholecystokinin (CCK; 300 pmol) and bombesin (300 pmol) increased ongoing multiunit GVAD by 153 +/- 59 and 162 +/- 37%, respectively; similar increases were induced by a second injection of bombesin and CCK. The bombesin antagonist, ICI-216140, prevented bombesin-induced increase in GVAD, whereas the CCK response was not influenced. The CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide reduced the activation of GVAD induced by bombesin from 107 +/- 11 to 63 +/- 6%, while abolishing the CCK response. Devazepide given alone or in combination with ICI-216140 did not modify gastric distension (3 ml)-induced increase in GVAD. Of 22 single units that were activated by gastric load (4 ml), 17 and 20 units responded also to bombesin (620 pmol) and CCK (870 pmol), respectively. Of the nine units that did not respond to gastric load, eight had an increase in GVAD induced by both bombesin and CCK. There was no specific binding of 125I-labeled [Tyr4]bombesin on cervical vagus, either intact or 24 h after ligation. These data suggest that intravenous bombesin-induced stimulation of GVAD is indirect and initially mediated through specific receptor activation influencing gastric smooth muscle and the release of CCK.
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Feitosa, SA, D. Patel, ALS Borges, EZ Alshehri, MA Bottino, M. Özcan, LF Valandro, and MC Bottino. "Effect of Cleansing Methods on Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia—An Evaluation of Resin Bond Durability." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-323-l.
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SUMMARY The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the influence of cleansing methods after saliva contamination and 2) aging conditions (thermocycling and water storage) on zirconia shear bond strength (SBS) with a resin cement. One hundred and eighty zirconia specimens were sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles, immersed in saliva for one minute (with the exception of the control group, [C]), and divided into groups according to the cleansing method, as follows: water rinse (W); 37% phosphoric acid gel (PA); cleaning paste (ie, Ivoclean®) containing mainly zirconium oxide (IC); and 70% isopropanol (AL). Scanning electron microscopy was done to qualitatively evaluate the zirconia surface after each cleansing method. For the SBS test, resin cement buttons were bonded to the specimens using a dedicated jig. SBS was evaluated according to standard protocols after 24 hours, 5000 thermal cycles (TC), or 150 days of water storage. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (p<0.05). Data showed a significant effect for the 150 days of water storage, TC, and 24 hours of water storage (150 days < TC < 24 hours). Group comparisons showed that PA < AL and W < IC and C. SBS ranged from 10.4 to 21.9 MPa (24 hours), from 6.4 to 14.8 MPa (TC), and from 2.9 to 7.0 MPa (150 days). Failure analysis revealed a greater percentage of mixed failures for the majority of the specimens and a smaller percentage of adhesive failures at the ceramic-resin cement interface. Our findings suggest that Ivoclean® was able to maintain adequate SBS values after TC and 150 days of storage, comparable to the uncontaminated zirconia.
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Aidelsburger, Pamela, Janine Seyed-Ghaemi, Christian Guinin, and Andreas Fach. "Effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of wearable cardioverter-defibrillators in the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest – Results from a health technology assessment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 4 (June 30, 2020): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000379.
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ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of a wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) in adult persons with high risk for sudden cardiac arrest and for which an implantable cardioverter is currently not applicable.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CRD-databases. Study selection was performed by two reviewers independently. Data were presented quantitatively; due to heterogeneity of studies no meta-analysis was performed.ResultsOne randomized-controlled trial (RCT), one non-randomized comparative trial, and forty-four non-comparative trials were included. The RCT reported an overall mortality of 3.1 percent in the WCD group versus 4.9 percent in controls (relative risk [RR]: .64; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], .43–.98, p = .04), but no significant effect on arrhythmia-related mortality. The RR for arrhythmia-related mortality amounted to .67 (95 percent CI, .37–1.21, p = .18) as assessed in the RCT. Appropriate shocks were observed in 1.3 percent of patients in both comparative studies, and inappropriate shocks in .6 percent of patients in the RCT. Termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) was successful in 75 to 100 percent of appropriate shocks in all studies. Adverse events assessed in the RCT showed a lower incidence of shortness of breath (38.8 percent vs. 45.3 percent; p = .004), higher incidence of rash at any location (15.3 percent vs. 7.1 percent; p < .001), and higher incidence of itching at any location (17.2 percent vs. 6.4 percent; p < .001) for WCD.ConclusionsAvailable evidence demonstrates that the WCD detects and terminates VT/VF events reliably and shows a high rate of appropriate shocks in mixed patient populations. Data of large registries confirm that the WCD is a safe intervention.
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Buskunova, G. G., R. F. Khasanova, I. N. Semenova, and G. R. Ilbulova. "The Heavy Metals in the System "Soil as a Wild-growing Medicinal Plant" on the Example of Tanacetum Vulgare L." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-7-37-41.
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The features of the accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials Tanacetum vulgare L. in the conditions of the Trans-Urals region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are discussed. The variation-statistical indices of the content of heavy metals in soils and in plants are calculated. Soils and plants have high coefficients of heavy metals variation, with the exception of manganese in the soil, which is characterized by moderate variability. An increased level of heavy metals mobile forms, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, has been detected in all soil samples. All selected samples had an elevated level of mobile forms. According to the degree of contamination, the studied soils were classified as permissible. In tansy plants, the concentration of trace elements-biophiles exceeded the norm in Fe 1.7–6.24, in Cd 1.3–1.7 times, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb in the aboveground and underground parts of the species remained within the normal range. It is revealed that the root system of Tanacetum vulgare L. contains higher values of the studied elements than the aerial parts. According to the intensity of absorption, the elements are arranged in the following sequence: Zn → Cd → Cu → Fe → Mn → Pb. According to the coefficient of biological accumulation in tansy, ordinary zinc and iron belong to the elements of weak accumulation, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium –to the elements of weak capture.
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Engin, Serhat, Şahin Saka, and Kürşat Fırat. "Çipura (Sparus aurata, Linneaus, 1758) Spermasının Kısa Süreli Saklanması ve Spermatolojik Özellikleri ile Ebeveyn İlişkilerinin Araştırılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i3.372-379.1756.
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Sperm samples taken from gilthead sea bream obtained from a production farm located in the province of Balıklıova in İzmir were examined under one phase contrast type microscope every six hours after they were kept in ice at 0°C. Data related to sperm maintenance durations, speed, concentration and sperm volume were obtained in the study and these results were related to the parent. The fish weighed 405-625 g and the sperm volume 25-37 cm was 3.1-8.3 ml.kg-1. The most intense concentration was found in the second experiment with 5.35x109 spz.ml-1 and the lowest sperm concentration in the second test with 0.16×109 spz.ml-1. During the study, the highest head speed index was determined for all subjects and time as 35.5 head height.sn-1 (210.16 μm.sn-1) and the lowest head speed was 2.6 head height.sn-1 (15.39 μm.sn-1). The study lasted a total of 126 hours. The shortest storage period is 26-50 hours and the longest storage period is 126-150 hours.
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Angelo, M. S., A. E. Piatti, W. S. Dias, and F. F. S. Maia. "Characterizing dynamical stages of open clusters located in the Sagittarius spiral arm." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 1635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1709.
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Abstract The study of dynamical properties of Galactic open clusters (OCs) is a fundamental prerequisite for the comprehension of their dissolution processes. In this work, we characterized 12 OCs, namely: Collinder 258, NGC 6756, Czernik 37, NGC 5381, Ruprecht 111, Ruprecht 102, NGC 6249, Basel 5, Ruprecht 97, Trumpler 25, ESO 129−SC32, and BH 150, projected against dense stellar fields. In order to do that, we employed Washington CT1 photometry and Gaia DR2 astrometry, combined with a decontamination algorithm applied to the three-dimensional astrometric space of proper motions and parallaxes. From the derived membership likelihoods, we built decontaminated colour–magnitude diagrams, while structural parameters were obtained from King profiles fitting. Our analysis revealed that they are relatively young OCs (log(t yr−1) ∼7.3–8.6), placed along the Sagittarius spiral arm, and at different internal dynamical stages. We found that the half-light radius to Jacobi radius ratio, the concentration parameter and the age to relaxation time ratio describe satisfactorily their different stages of dynamical evolution. Those relative more dynamically evolved OCs have apparently experienced more important low-mass star loss.
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ODUGBO, M. O., S. I. ONUORAH, and A. A. ADESIYUN. "Survival and Multiplication of Vibrio cholerae Serotype Ogawa in Reconstituted Infant Milk." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.12.1071.
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In vitro studies were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, pH, and competitive growth of other microorganisms on the viability and multiplication of Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa in reconstituted infant milk (nonsterile). Following inoculation of milk sample (at a pH range of 6.0 to 6.4), the V. cholerae population detected on thiosulfate-citrate-bile sucrose (TCBS) agar increased from 9.5 × 103 per g to 7.4 × 104, 2.6 × 108, and 1.9 × 109 per g after 12 h at 4°C, 25°C (room temperature) and 37°C, respectively. At a pH of 5.5, an approximate 100-fold rise in V. cholerae was observed after 12 h at 25°C, while within a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5, a five logarithmic increase in numbers was detected. The presence of other microorganisms did not appear to have any adverse effect on V. cholerae survival and growth in milk. The study demonstrates that at ambient conditions V. cholerae contamination of infant milk formula by carriers or infected mothers could lead to multiplication of the organism and hence pose serious health risk to infants.
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Wu, Chen-Long, Fan-Yun Lan, Bo-Lei Chen, Ray Hsienho Chang, Wei Hung Chang, Shih-Tien Pan, Pin-Hui Fang, Chien-Hsin Lu, and Chih-Hao Lin. "Respiratory symptoms among search and rescue workers who responded to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 9 (July 10, 2018): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105027.
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ObjectivesHigh respiratory hazards among search and rescue workers (SRWs) emerged after the World Trade Center attacks on 11 September 2001. There have been limited studies on respiratory symptoms among earthquake SRWs. We investigated the respiratory symptoms and the use of respiratory protective equipment among the SRWs who responded to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake.MethodsOn 6 February 2016, a 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan and caused 513 injuries and 117 deaths. During the 9-day field operation, 519 firefighters affiliated with the Tainan City Government Fire Bureau participated in the search and rescue response. A standardised, self-completed questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, dust exposures, personal protective measures and health outcomes 3 weeks after the earthquake. Descriptive and multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics and exposure variables were performed for new or worsened outcomes.ResultsOf the 519 SRWs, 414 (80%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these SRWs, 153 (37%) reported new or worsened respiratory symptoms, with cough (23%) as the leading symptom, followed by rhinorrhoea or nasal congestion (22%) and chest tightness (6%). More than 90% of the symptoms persisted to the third week after the earthquake. The prevalence of new or worsened respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among SRWs with a higher level of exposure to dust. Prior training in response to respiratory pollutants was only 5%.ConclusionsThere were significant respiratory hazards among earthquake SRWs. The persistent symptoms and low coverage of training warrant further regular examination and occupational health programmes.
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Millard, Fiona B., R. Lee Kennedy, and Bernhard T. Baune. "Dementia: opportunities for risk reduction and early detection in general practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, no. 1 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10037.
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This project aimed to measure general practitioner (GP), practice nurse and patient health literacy about memory problems, dementia and its risk factors. Data were collected from general practices across Australia and a smaller sample in England. Questionnaires explored sources and adequacy of dementia knowledge and a randomised controlled trial tested the intervention of a dementia risk reduction pamphlet on patient knowledge of dementia risk reduction strategies. Data were analysed using SPSS software. The results of 621 questionnaires from patients aged over 30 years showed 37% had memory concerns, 6% recalled having a memory test, 52% would like a memory test and 15% had heard about dementia from their GP. Patients receiving the intervention were significantly more likely to be aware of dementia risk reduction strategies (P ≤ 0.005). The results of 153 GP/nurse questionnaires indicated 64% thought a doctor should discuss dementia with patients despite only 21% assessing their dementia knowledge as adequate. There was no significant difference in responses between Australia and England (P ≥ 0.05). The frequency of documentation of Mini-Mental State Examination and dementia diagnosis in computerised medical records of patients over 75 years was less than 0.01. These results demonstrate that many adult patients attending GPs have memory concerns, associate dementia with memory loss, and are receptive to information about dementia risk reduction. Most general practitioners and their nurses rate their dementia knowledge as inadequate with few testing for memory problems or discussing dementia with their patients.
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Duan, Heying, Gaia Ninatti, Bradley Girod, Valentina Ferri, Pamela L. Kunz, George A. Fisher, Farshad Moradi, et al. "Single institution experience with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors (NET)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.623.
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623 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare but increasing in incidence. The only curative treatment is surgery, which in many cases is not an option due to metastatic disease at diagnosis. The NETTER-1 study showed high efficacy and low toxicity of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for midgut NETs. Here, we present our initial experience with PRRT in the treatment of patients with NET. Methods: Fifty-two patients (27 males and 25 females; 37 - 81 yo, mean ± SD: 61.8 ± 10.6 years) with documented progressive NET (25 pancreas, 17 small intestine, 1 coecum, 4 unknown primary, 3 paragangliomas, and 2 pheochromocytomas) were referred to undergo PRRT at our institution from July 2018 to September 2019. Laboratory tests were obtained at baseline, 1 week before each cycle and every 3 months following treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity were assessed. An interim overall survival (OS) analysis was performed. Results, when possible, were compared with the NETTER-1 trial. Lines of therapy were documented. Results: 22/52 (42%) patients completed all 4 cycles of PRRT. 18/52 (34%) patients are currently being treated. 12/52 (23%) patients had to discontinue treatment. Hematotoxicity was the only side effect which can be related to PRRT. The 6-month and 9-month PFS rate was 82.4% and 66.8% respectively vs. 89% and 84% in the NETTER-1 trial. The ORR was 36% vs. 18% in the NETTER-1 trial. In the interim OS analysis, 6 deaths occurred. In contrast to the NETTER-1 study, PRRT in our patient cohort was performed later in the course of treatment (median lines of therapy before PRRT = 4 ±1.3 (range 1-6)). Conclusions: Our preliminary data show overall good results of PRRT in patients with NETs. However, compared to the NETTER-1 trial, PFS is shorter which is most likely due to the extensive pretreatment, but ORR was higher. [Table: see text]
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Palacios Quirós, Esteban, Ana Eugenia Jiménez Rocha, and Tania Pivovarova. "Primer reporte de parásitos gastrointestinales en Jirafas (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) de cautiverio, Guanacaste, Costa Rica." Revista Ciencias Veterinarias 36, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rcv.36-1.3.
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La jirafa (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), es una especie de ungulado poligástrico, originario del continente africano cuyas poblaciones en cautiverio han aumentado de manera exponencial. Las enfermedades parasitarias se catalogan como una de las principales causas de mortalidad en esta especie. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las especies y géneros de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) en jirafas de cautiverio en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se analizó en total 37 muestras de heces de 10 jirafas procedentes de un centro turístico. Las cuales se recolectaron de enero a mayo del 2017 en cuatro muestreos, excepto a una de ellas, nacida durante el estudio. El muestreo se realizó al momento de la defecación. Las heces fueron transportadas en frío a una temperatura de ≈4 oC, y remitidas al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional. Las muestras fueron procesadas por técnicas coprológicas (Sheather, y sedimentación) para determinar la presencia de huevos de nematodos, trematodos y cestodos; inmunológicas (FasTest® Crypto-Giardia Strip), para detectar parásitos zoonóticos como Cryptosporidium parvum y Giardia duodenalis; McMaster para determinar la carga parasitaria (huevos por gramos de heces= HPG) del grupo Strongylida y el coprocultivo para determinar el porcentaje de larvas infectantes (L3). El 100 % de las jirafas analizadas fueron positivas a PGI, teniendo toda la población parásitos del grupo Strongylida. Las L3 identificadas correspondieron a 100 % Haemonchus spp., 10 % Cooperia spp. y 20 % Strongyloides papillosus. No se encontraron PGI zoonóticos. El rango de HPG fluctuó de < 50 a 625. El porcentaje de larvas infectantes del grupo Strongylida identificadas por coprocultivo fue 100 % (10/10) de Haemonchus spp. y 10 % (1/10) de Cooperia spp. Únicamente una jirafa tuvo infección mixta por Haemonchus y Cooperia. Este estudio representa el primer reporte de la presencia de PGI en jirafas de Costa Rica, y es el primero que identifica Cooperia spp. y Strongyloides papillosus en el nivel mundial.
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Morales-Espinosa, D., A. Martínez-Velasco, T. Cerón-Lizárraga, V. Rosas-Camargo, J. L. Rodríguez-Díaz, D. Flores- Estrada, A. Gamboa-Domínguez, and O. Arrieta. "Clinical and pathologic factors associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis virus-related cirrhosis: A long-term follow-up study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 4646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4646.
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4646 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents >90% of primary liver neoplasms and develops mainly in patients with liver cirrhosis. Risk factor identification for development of HCC in patients with cirrhosis is of great relevance due to its high incidence and poor prognosis when detected at advanced stages. The aim of our study was to identify HCC development-associated risk factors in a cohort of patients with hepatitis virus-related chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Patients with diagnosis of hepatitis virus-related cirrhosis from January 1980 to January 2000 were included. Patients were followed with abdominal US and determination of AFP levels, physical examination, and biochemical tests every 3–6 months. The endpoint in this study was defined as development of HCC. Liver histology was evaluated according to the METAVIR. Results: 282 patients met the inclusion criteria; most (86%) had a serologic diagnosis of hepatitis C virus, and only 14% had hepatitis B virus at the time of diagnosis of cirrhosis, while 56 and 37% were classified as Child A and B, respectively; only 7% as Child C. Histological activity was mild in 59% of patients; moderate and severe in 41%. Mean annual incidence was 1.87%; 22 and 35% of patients developed HCC at 10 and 15 years of follow-up, respectively. Diagnosis of HCC was made by histopathology in 37% and by tumoral lesion-associated AFP elevation confirmed by imaging studies in 63%. In multivariate analysis, 3 variables were associated with HCC: moderate to severe histological activity; platelet count <105 103/mm3, and alpha- fetoprotein >5 ng/mL. We divided patients into two groups according to regression coefficient: low and high-risk; patients assigned to the low-risk group showed 5, 10, and 15-year HCC incidences of 3.4, 6.4, and 6.4%, respectively, in contrast to patients from the high-risk group, who showed incidences of 17.8, 33.5, and 56.8%, respectively. Conclusions: We found three HCC-associated variables: histological activity; platelet count and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Patients considered as high-risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma must be considered candidates for closer follow-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Yoo, Changhoon, Hyeon-Su Im, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Do-Youn Oh, Kyung-Hun Lee, Hong Jae Chon, Joo Hoon Kim, et al. "Multicenter retrospective analysis for efficacy and safety of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-FU/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) after progression on gemcitabine-based therapy in Korean patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC): A study by Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.344.
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344 Background: Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV has demonstrated efficacy in mPDAC pts who previously received gemcitabine-based therapy in the pivotal NAPOLI-1 trial. Real-world data are helpful to measure the clinical outcomes and safety profile of this regimen in daily practice setting. Methods: Between January 2017 and April 2018, a Named Patient Program (NPP) was activated to provide controlled, pre-approval access of nal-IRI in Korea. This analysis is multicenter retrospective study for patients who received nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV under the NPP. Results: A total of 86 patients entered into this NPP among 10 Korean institutions. Median age was 61 years (range, 37-79) and 52 pts (60%) were male. Liver (n=49, 57%), peritoneum (30, 35%), and lung (27, n=31%) were the most common metastatic sites. All patients had ECOG performance status 0-1 and previously received gemcitabine-based therapy. Prior to nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 35 (41%) and 51 (59%) patients received <2 and ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy for unresectable/metastatic disease, respectively. Best response was complete response (n=2, 2%), partial response (7, 8%), stable disease (38, 44%), and progressive disease (32, 37%), indicating overall response rates of 10% and disease control rate of 55%. With median follow-up duration of 6.4 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.3-5.7) and median overall survival (OS) was not yet reached. The 6-month PFS and OS rates were 37.5% and 65.1%, respectively. Most common grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia (n=32, 37%), nausea (9, 10%), vomiting (8, 9%), anemia (7, 8%), and diarrhea (4, 5%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 7 patients (8%). Conclusions: Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV was well tolerated and effective for mPDAC patients who progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy. Despite heavily pretreated patients were included, efficacy and safety outcomes in our cohort were consistent with the results of previous NAPOLI-1 trial.
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Xu, S., W.-A. J. Lim, J. Y. Chen, N. N. Lo, S.-L. Chia, D. K. J. Tay, Y. Hao, and S. J. Yeo. "The influence of obesity on clinical outcomes of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 2 (February 2019): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b2.bjj-2018-0969.r2.
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Aims The aim of this study was to assess the influence of obesity on the clinical outcomes and survivorship ten years postoperatively in patients who underwent a fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Patients and Methods We prospectively followed 184 patients who underwent UKA between 2003 and 2007 for a minimum of ten years. A total of 142 patients with preoperative body mass index (BMI) of < 30 kg/m2 were in the control group (32 male, 110 female) and 42 patients with BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2 were in the obese group (five male, 37 female). Pre- and postoperative range of movement (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and survivorship were analyzed. Results Patients in the obese group underwent UKA at a significantly younger mean age (56.5 years (sd 6.4)) than those in the control group (62.4 years (sd 7.8); p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in preoperative functional scores. However, those in the obese group had a significantly lower ROM (116° (sd 15°) vs 123° (sd 17°); p = 0.003). Both groups achieved significant improvement in outcome scores regardless of BMI, ten years postoperatively. All patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for OKS and KSS. Both groups also had high rates of satisfaction (96.3% in the control group and 97.5% in the obese group) and the fulfilment of expectations (94.9% in the control group and 95.0% in the obese group). Multiple linear regression showed a clear association between obesity and a lower OKS two years postoperatively and Knee Society Function Score (KSFS) ten years postoperatively. After applying propensity matching, obese patients had a significantly lower KSFS, OKS, and physical component score (PCS) ten years postoperatively. Seven patients underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), two in the control group and five in the obese group, resulting in a mean rate of survival at ten years of 98.6% and 88.1%, respectively (p = 0.012). Conclusion Both groups had significant improvements in functional and quality-of-life scores postoperatively. However, obesity was a significant predictor of poorer improvement in clinical outcome and an increased rate of revision ten years postoperatively.
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Shacham, S., M. Kauffman, V. Sandanayaka, G. Draetta, S. Shechter, J. Williams, and R. Nir. "Preclinical development of small-molecule CRM1 inhibitors as novel therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.430.
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430 Background: CRM1 (XPO1) is a key nuclear export protein which controls the location of multiple tumor suppressor (TSP) and growth regulatory (GRP) proteins including p53, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/ß-catenin and NF-kB. Forced nuclear expression of TSP and GRP by CRM1 inhibition can lead to apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Methods: Novel small-moleculeCRM1 inhibitors were synthesized and nuclear distribution studies were performed in cells transfected with HIV-rev GFP proteins. Cell proliferation studies were performed in 16 CRC cell lines: LS-123, SW-626, Colo-201, Colo-205, Colo-320DM, Colo-320HSR, Lovo, DLD-1, HCT-15, WiDi, LS-174T, LS-180, SW-620, C2BBe1, HCT-8, HCT-116, and in human peripheral leukocytes (PBMC). Cellular distribution and apoptosis assays were performed on HCT-116. Antitumor activity is assessed in human HCT-116 xenografts in scid-mice. Results: The lead CRM1 inhibitor, KPT-0127, blocks CRM1 mediated nuclear export of HIV-Rev-GFP, FOXO, and p53 with an IC50 of ∼300 nM. KPT-0127 is cytotoxic to various CRC cell lines with EC50s of 0.07-1.1 μM; in 9 CRC lines EC50s were < 0.3 mM. In contrast, normal cell lines and PBMCs had EC50 > 5-20 μM. In HCT- 116 cells, KPT-0127 induces cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/M checkpoints and dose dependently increases nuclear p53, followed by an increase in caspase 3. KTP-0127 10μM shows no significant effect on 37 proteins including several cysteine proteases. In mice, KPT-0127 given by SC injection of 30-100 mg/kg leads to serum levels exceeding the effective CRM1 inhibitory concentration for at least 4 hours and is well tolerated. KPT-0127 given SC to mice bearing HCT-116 colon xenografts results in dose-dependent antitumor activity. Conclusions: The novel small- molecule CRM1 inhibitor KTP-0127 kills CRC lines with multiple TSP, GRP, and oncogenic abnormalities, including p53 mutations/deletions and PTEN deficiency/AKT activation, while sparing normal cells. This likely reflects the ability of CRM1 inhibition to affect multiple critical and non-redundant regulatory pathways. These results support the development of CRM1 inhibitors for the treatment of CRC. IND-enabling CMC and toxicology work are in preparation. [Table: see text]
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Strangfeld, A., B. Manger, M. Worsch, T. Schmeiser, A. Zink, and M. Schaefer. "OP0116 ELDERLY PATIENTS ARE NOT AT INCREASED RISK OF SERIOUS INFECTIONS WHEN RECEIVING BDMARDS OR JAK INHIBITORS COMPARED TO CSDMARD TREATMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 64.2–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.763.
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Background:Elderly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are generally at increased risk of serious infections (SI). At the same time, treatment with bDMARDs has been associated with a higher SI risk than treatment with csDMARDs (1). However, long-term use of bDMARDs did not increase the risk of SI in a small group of elderly patients over 65 (2). The extent to which elderly patients are exposed to a higher SI risk when treated with JAK inhibitors (JAKi) is an open question.Objectives:To assess the effects of bDMARDs and specifically JAKi on the risk of SI in elderly patients with RA.Methods:The German register RABBIT is a prospective, longitudinally followed cohort of RA patients enrolled with a new start of a DMARD after at least one csDMARD failure. This analysis comprises patients over 70 years of age who were enrolled between 01/2007 and 04/2020 and had at least one follow-up.Results:Of 13,491 patients followed-up in RABBIT, 2274 with an age > 70 years were included in the analysis. 626 SI were observed in 425 of these patients. Baseline characteristics at start of the respective DMARD are shown in Table 1. In most characteristics, patients on JAKi were more comparable to patients under bDMARDs than to those on csDMARDs. JAKi patients received glucocorticoids (GC) less frequently than patients on other treatments. The HR for SI was lower than 1 in patients receiving bDMARDs or JAKi compared to csDMARDs, but without statistical significance (Figure 1). GC use (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.2 for ≤ 10 mg/d), higher DAS28-ESR values (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0 – 1.2 per 1 point increase), COPD or pulmonary fibrosis (HR 1. 8, 95% CI: 1.3 – 2.4), chronic kidney disease (HR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.9) and diabetes mellitus (HR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 – 1.7) were associated with an increased risk of SI. Better physical capacity was associated with a decreased risk of SI (HR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.88 – 0.98 for a 10 point increase).Table 1.Patient characteristics by treatment at baselineParametercsDMARDsTNFiRTXABAIL-6iJAKiN=758N=840N=209N=147N=212N=108Age (years)75.9 (3.9)75.5 (3.6)74.8 (3.6)76.1 (3.9)75.9 (3.7)76.7 (3.7)Male sex184 (24.3)220 (26.2)50 (23.9)36 (24.5)46 (21.7)28 (25.9)Ever smoker249 (32.8)287 (34.2)77 (36.8)50 (34)73 (34.4)39 (36.1)Disease duration (years)7.9 (8.8)12.3 (11.4)17 (11.1)12.8 (10)13.8 (11.7)11.9 (10.9)Seropositivity487 (64.3)671 (79.9)201 (96.2)126 (85.4)182 (85.8)79 (73.5)Number of previous DMARDs1.4 (0.7)2.5 (1.3)4.2 (1.8)3.6 (1.9)3.3 (1.8)2.6 (1.5)DAS28-ESR4.6 (1.2)5.1 (1.2)5.4 (1.3)5.3 (1.3)5.3 (1.3)5 (1.2)Proportion of full physical function64.8 (23.1)57.1 (23.6)50.4 (23.7)52.9 (23.5)55.3 (24.1)55.2 (23.7)Number of comorbidities3.1 (2.5)3.8 (2.6)4.2 (2.6)4.6 (2.9)3.6 (2.4)3.8 (2.2)No comorbidity52 (6.9)29 (3.5)4 (1.9)4 (2.7)9 (4.2)5 (4.6)Three and more comorbidities385 (50.8)528 (62.9)147 (70.3)107 (72.8)131 (61.8)76 (70.4)COPD or pulmonary fibrosis69 (9.1)89 (10.6)29 (13.9)26 (17.7)12 (5.7)11 (10.2)Chronic kidney disease94 (12.4)151 (18)28 (13.4)21 (14.3)39 (18.4)22 (20.4)Diabetes mellitus151 (19.9)172 (20.5)31 (14.8)23 (15.6)42 (19.8)25 (23.1)GCs (last 6 months)347 (45.8)526 (62.6)143 (68.8)82 (56.2)127 (59.9)44 (40.7)GCs (<5mg)447 (58.9)384 (45.7)101 (48.2)88 (60)118 (55.8)72 (66.7)GCs (5-9mg)252 (33.3)375 (44.6)81 (38.7)43 (29)72 (34.2)27 (25.1)GCs (>=10mg)59 (7.8)82 (9.8)274 (13.1)16 (11)21 (10)9 (8.2)Results are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and number (percentage) for discrete variables.Figure 1.Hazard ratios for serious infections with 95% confidence intervalsConclusion:Treatment with JAKi as well as treatment with bDMARDs was not associated with an increased risk of SI in elderly patients above 70 years of age. Key comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary and kidney diseases were associated with increased risk, as was concomitant GC use and higher disease activity.References:[1] Listing J et al., Rheumatology 2013; 52 (1): 53-61.[2] Kawashima H. et al., Rheum. Intern. 2017; 37: 369-376.Acknowledgements:RABBIT is supported by a joint, unconditional grant from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celltrion, Fresenius-Kabi, Gilead, Hexal, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, and Viatris.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Qvist, V., M. K. Borum, K. D. Møller, T. R. Andersen, P. Blanche, and A. Bakhshandeh. "Sealing Occlusal Dentin Caries in Permanent Molars." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416680191.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of postponing restorative intervention of manifest occlusal caries in young, permanent dentition by non-invasive sealing. This RCT-designed study included 521 occlusal lesions in 521 patients aged 6 to 17 y. Based on clinical and radiographic assessments, all lesions required restorative treatment. After randomization (ratio 2:1), 368 resin sealings and 153 composite–resin restorations were performed by 68 dentists in 9 municipalities. The primary aims were to 1) analyze survival of sealings until replacement by restoration, 2) compare longevity of sealings and restorations until retreatments, and 3) compare effectiveness of sealings and restorations to halt caries progression in sealed lesions and beneath restorations. Furthermore, we aimed to identify factors influencing longevity and the effectiveness of sealings and restorations. Treatments were annually controlled, clinically and radiographically. After 7 y, the drop out rate was 8%, and 54% of the treatments were completed due to age. Of the sealings, 48% were retreated, including 31% replaced by restorations; 12% were still functioning. Of the restorations, 7% were repaired/renewed and 20% were still functioning. No endodontics was performed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed on 341 sealings and 152 restorations in first and second molar teeth. The 7-y survival was 37% (CI, 29% to 45%) for sealings and 91% (CI, 85% to 96%) for restorations (P < 0.001). The median survival time for sealings not replaced by restorations was 7.3 y (CI, 6.4 y to NA). Survival of sealings was increased in patients with low caries risk and/or excellent oral hygiene, second molars compared with first molars, and lesions not extending the middle one-third of the dentin. Survival of sealings was not influenced by municipality, sex, eruption stage or clinical surface cavitation. The results underline that it is possible to postpone or avoid restorative intervention of occlusal dentin caries lesions in young permanent teeth by non-invasive sealing. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The first restoration can ultimately be fatal for a young permanent tooth. A restoration may not be the final treatment but the start of an ongoing treatment with still more loss of tooth substance. The present study shows the possibility of treating occlusal dentin caries lesions with non-invasive resin sealings instead of conventional resin composite restorations in children and adolescents. Improved oral health can be expected.
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Glaspy, John, Tom Tang, Dean Rutty, Xiaoqiang Yan, Igor Bondarenko, and Dmitrii Krasnozhon. "A Phase II, Randomized, Multi-Centre, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Dose-Finding Trial of F-627 (benefilgrastim) in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Myelotoxic Chemotherapy." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1584.1584.
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Abstract Neutropenia is common in patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy. Benefilgrastim, an rhG-CSF dimer (rhG-CSF-FC fusion protein), is a once-per-cycle therapy for prophylactic neutrophil support. In this Phase II trial, 230 women with stage I-IV breast cancer are to be treated for 4 chemotherapy cycles with either docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC) or doxorubicin/docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy, with each cycle lasting approximately 21 days. Patients will be randomized to receive either benefilgrastim or pegfilgrastim (Neulasta; 6 mg fixed dose) one day after chemotherapy during each cycle, as a subcutaneous injection. Dose levels of benefilgrastim examined are 80 µg/kg (TC patients only), and 240 and 320 µg/kg (TC and TAC patients). The primary endpoint is the duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia in chemotherapy cycle 1. As of August 1, 2014, 232 patients have completed chemotherapy cycle 1; safety and efficacy were analyzed for these enrolled patients. For the TC chemotherapy regimen, a total of 141 patients were randomized (ratio = 1:1:1:1) into 4 arms (80, 240, and 320 µg/kg benefilgrastim or 6 mg pegfilgrastim). In the TAC chemotherapy regimen, a total of 91 patients were randomized (ratio = 1:1:1) into 3 arms (240 and 320 µg/kg benefilgrastim or 6 mg pegfilgrastim). The incidence of grade 3/4 and grade 4 neutropenia and their mean durations in cycle 1 are provided in Table 1. There were higher incidences of grade 3/4 and grade 4 neutropenia in the TAC regimen compared to the TC regimen. The safety profiles of benefilgrastim and pegfilgrastim were similar. A total of 10 SAEs were reported in 6 patients with the majority (7 SAEs in 4 patients) occurring in those receiving pegfilgrastim. The most commonly observed treatment emergent adverse events (>10% of total TC + TAC patients) were: alopecia, nausea, asthenia, neutropenia, bone pain, and fatigue. The rates were similar amongst treatment regimens and treatment groups. In summary, a single subcutaneous injection of benefilgrastim 240 or 320 µg/kg provided neutrophil support to patients treated with both the TC and TAC chemotherapy regimens. The safety profile of benefilgrastim was comparable to that of pegfilgrastim during multiple chemotherapy cycles. The results suggest a potential use of benefilgrastim for the management of severe neutropenia in cancer patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy. Abstract 1584. Table 1: Preliminary Results TC Regimen TAC Regimen Benefilgrastim Pegfilgrastim 6 mg (N=35) Benefilgrastim Pegfilgrastim 6 mg (N=29) 80 µg/kg (N=35) 240 µg/kg (N=37) 320 µg/kg (N=34) 240 µg/kg (N=29) 320 µg/kg (N=30) Grade 3/4 neutropenia n/N (%) 10/35 (28.6) 10/37 (27.0) 7/34 (20.6) 7/35 (20.0) 17/25 (68.0) 19/26 (73.1) 17/24 (70.8) Duration (days) Mean (SD) 95% CI 2.4 (2.07) 1.2, 3.6 2.2 (0.79) 1.7, 2.7 1.9 (0.38) 1.6, 2.1 1.4 (0.79) 0.9, 2.0 2.8 (1.67) 2.1, 3.5 2.6 (1.07) 2.2, 3.1 2.2 (0.73) 1.9, 2.5 Grade 4 neutropenia n/N (%) 4/35 (11.4) 7/37 (18.9) 6/34 (17.6) 3/35 (8.6) 14/25 (56.0) 17/26 (65.4) 15/24 (62.5) Duration (days) Mean (SD) 95% CI 2.0 (1.15) 0.6, 3.4 2.1 (0.90) 1.5, 2.8 1.2 (0.41) 0.8, 1.5 1.0 (0.00) 1.0, 1.0 1.9 (1.33) 1.3, 2.6 2.0 (0.87) 1.6, 2.4 1.5 (0.64) 1.2, 1.8 SAEs n (%) # SAEs 0 0 1 (2.7) 1 0 0 2 (5.7) 3 0 0 1 (3.3) 2 2 (6.9) 4 CI=confidence interval; SAE=serious adverse event; SD=standard deviation Disclosures Glaspy: Generon (Shanghai) Corporation Ltd.: Research Funding. Tang:Generon (Shanghai) Corporation Ltd.: Employment. Rutty:Everest Clinical Research Services Inc.: Employment; Generon (Shanghai) Corporation Ltd.: Consultancy; Schering Corporation: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Methylgene: Consultancy; Steba Biotech SA: Consultancy; Aderans Research Institute Inc: Consultancy; Stem Cell Theraputics: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Pearly Therapeutics: Consultancy; Sundise Chinese Medicine Technology Development Corp: Consultancy; Endocyte, Inc: Consultancy; Hutchison Medipharma: Consultancy; Nutrition Science Partners Limited: Consultancy. Yan:Generon (Shanghai) Corporation Ltd.: Employment.
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Kapoor, Ankita, Mehul P. Patel, Arjun Khunger, Mazen Jizzini, Mohammad Ammad Ud Din, Simrat Gill, Samar Nasir, et al. "Factors Predictive of Oral Abstract Being Published: Is Gender Disparity Playing a Role?" Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142405.
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Introduction: It remains unclear what percentage of abstracts proceed to manuscript publication and the characteristics that predict successful publication. This study aimed to determine factors associated with successful peer-reviewed publications following oral presentation at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. Methods: All oral abstract presentations (n=621) in the hematological malignancy category from 2016 ASH annual meeting were included in the study. Abstract publication was confirmed by searching for the publicly listed abstract on PubMed by title, first, and last author names, and institutional matching. We recorded time to online publication, US versus foreign journal publication, and journal impact factor by 3.5 years from 2016 ASH annual meeting. Abstracts characteristics that were analyzed also included number of authors, gender of first author, gender of last author, and single vs multi-institution studies. Gender of the first and last author was confirmed by looking at their biography details on their institutional website. Descriptive analysis was performed and an association between presenter's or last author's gender and publication matrix was analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: Of the 621 abstracts, 350 (56%) were published in full text by three and a half years since the 2016 ASH annual meeting. The abstracts' average time to journal publication was 17.46 months (SD +/- 11.32) (Table 1). Of the published articles, 64% (223/350) were published in U.S. journals; mean impact factor for all publications was 14.46 (SD+/- 11.47).The median number of authors for published and unpublished abstracts were similar. Females presented 37% (228/621) of the abstracts and 35% (123/350) of the journal publications had female first author and 22% (77/350) had female last author. A total of 53.9% (123/228) abstracts presented by a female author were published versus 57.7% (227/393) abstracts presented by a male author (p=<0.001). Males were more often involved in multi-institutional trials (p=0.045) and were more likely to have senior authorship (p=0.005). There was no correlation between the gender of the first author to journal impact factor (p=0.109) or time to publication (p=0.091). Conclusion: More than half of the oral abstracts were successfully published regardless of gender and number of authors. The rate of successful publication is higher for male authors even though there was no correlation between the gender of the first author to journal impact factor or time to publication. Our study highlights gender disparity in senior authorship, however this difference is not as wide in first authorship. Disclosures Jamshed: Takeda, Amgen and Celgene: Honoraria.
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Lubbers, Merel, Marc J. van Det, and Ewout A. Kouwenhoven. "Intraoperative Lipid-Rich Nutrition in the Detection of Chylothorax in Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy." Surgical Innovation 26, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350619852504.
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Background. Chylothorax is a rare but severe complication after esophagectomy with an incidence of 1.9% to 8.9%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative lipid-rich feeding in reducing the incidence of post-esophagectomy chylothorax. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed among patients who underwent totally minimally invasive esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis (tMIE Ivor Lewis) from February 2015 until December 2016. In this group, a lipid-rich solution was administered intraoperatively via a feeding jejunostomy. A historical cohort of identical patients operated in the period December 2012 to February 2015 did not receive intraoperative feeding and was used as a control. Results. In total, 133 patients underwent tMIE Ivor Lewis, of whom 59 patients (44%) received lipid-rich solution intraoperatively. The administered median total volume was 800 mL. During thoracic dissection, the thoracic duct was clearly visible in 37 patients (63%). With the help of lipid-rich feeding, intraoperative unintended duct damage was detected in 3 patients and treated. Postoperatively, 1 out of 59 patients (1.7%) developed chylothorax that was managed nonoperatively. In the control group, chylothorax was seen in 3 out of 74 patients (4.1%), P = .629. Conclusions. Intraoperative lipid-rich solution through a feeding jejunostomy helps identify thoracic duct damage during tMIE and may reduce postoperative chylothorax.
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RANDHAWA, MONIKA, and MANMOHAN GUPTA. "PROBING CKM PARAMETERS THROUGH UNITARITY, εK AND ΔMBd,s." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 10 (April 20, 2002): 1399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02009783.
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A recently carried out unitarity based analysis1,2 involving the evaluation of Jarlskog's rephasing invariant parameter J as well as the evaluation of the angles α, β and γ of the unitarity triangle is extended to include the effects of [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] mixings. The present analysis attempts to evaluate CP violating phase δ, |Vtd| and the angles α, β and γ by invoking the constraints imposed by unitarity, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mixings independently as well as collectively. By invoking the "full scanning" of input parameters, as used by Buras et al., our analysis yields the following results respectively for δ and |Vtd|, unitarity: 50°±20° (in I quadrant), 130°±20° (in II quadrant) and 5.1 × 10-3 ≤ |Vtd| ≤ 13.8 × 10-3, unitarity and εk: 33° ≤ δ ≤ 70° (in I quadrant), 110° ≤ δ ≤ 150° (in II quadrant), 5.8 × 10-3 ≤ |Vtd| ≤ 13.6 × 10-3, unitarity and Δmd: 30° ≤ δ ≤ 70°, 6.4 × 10-3 ≤ |Vtd| ≤ 8.9 × 10-3. Incorporating all the constraints together, we get 37° ≤ δ ≤ 70°, 6.5 × 10-3 ≤ |Vtd| ≤ 8.9 × 10-3, the corresponding ranges for α, β and γ are, 80° ≤ α ≤ 124°, 15.1° ≤ β ≤ 31° and 37° ≤ γ ≤ 70°, again in agreement with the recent analysis of Buras et al. as well as with other recent analyses. Our analysis yields 0.50 ≤ sin 2β ≤ 0.88, in agreement with the the recently updated BABAR results. This range of sin 2β is in agreement with the earlier result of BELLE, which however has a marginal overlap only with the lower limit of recent BELLE results. Interestingly, our results indicate that the lower limit of δ is mostly determined by unitarity, while the upper limit is governed by constraints from Δmd.
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HÖHNE, Claudia, Roland C. E. FRANCIS, Gabriele KACZMARCZYK, and Willehad BOEMKE. "Haemodynamic and hormonal changes during haemorrhage in conscious dogs treated with an endothelin-A receptor antagonist." Clinical Science 103, s2002 (September 1, 2002): 336S—339S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs103s336s.
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This study compares the haemodynamic and hormonal responses during haemorrhage of conscious dogs pre-treated with an endothelin-A (ET-A) receptor inhibitor. The dogs were studied in two different randomized groups: the control group and a group that was given the ET-A receptor antagonist ABT-627 (as a bolus of 1mg·kg of body weight-1 followed by 0.01mg·kg body weight-1·min-1 intravenously). The time-course was the same for both groups: after a 1h baseline period (pre-haemorrhage), blood (25ml·kg of body weight-1) was withdrawn within 5min. Haemodynamics were continuously recorded and hormone levels measured after 1h (post-haemorrhage). Thereafter, the blood withdrawn was retransfused within 5min and haemodynamics again observed for 1h (post-retransfusion). In ABT-627-treated dogs, the decrease in mean arterial pressure from 87±3 to 64±3mmHg (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage), and cardiac output from 2.1±0.1 to 1.3±0.1l·min-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage) and the increase in systemic vascular resistance from 3286±174 to 4211±230dyn·s·cm-5 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage) during acute haemorrhage are comparable with controls. During haemorrhage in controls, vasopressin levels increased from 0±0 to 13±2pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage), angiotensin II levels increased from 9±1 to 28±9pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage) and adrenaline levels increased from 134±22 to 426±74pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage) whereas noradrenaline levels did not change (approx. 200 pg·ml-1). In ABT-627-treated dogs, vasopressin levels increased from 0.2±0.0 to 22.2±6.1pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage and P<0.05 versus control), angiotensin II levels increased from 8±1 to 37±8pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage), noradrenaline levels increased from 147±16 to 405±116pg·ml-1 (P<0.05 versus pre-haemorrhage) and adrenaline levels did not change (200 pg·ml-1) during haemorrhage. We conclude from our results that dogs receiving the selective ET-A inhibitor ABT-627 seem to show a different hormonal response after haemorrhage compared with controls, displaying considerably higher noradrenaline concentrations. Independent of ET-A receptor inhibition, cardiac output during haemorrhage was maintained within the control range. This may indicate that the organism is defending blood flow (cardiac output) over blood pressure during haemorrhage, and that this defence strategy is not compromised by ET-A receptor inhibition.
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Waisbren, S. J., J. Geibel, W. F. Boron, and I. M. Modlin. "Luminal perfusion of isolated gastric glands." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): C1013—C1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.4.c1013.
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We have extended to rabbit gastric glands the technique for perfusing single isolated renal tubules. We isolated glands by hand dissection and used concentric glass pipettes to hold them and perfuse their lumina. Parietal cells (PCs), which tended to be located toward the gland opening, were identified by their pyramidal shape, large size, and autofluorescence. Chief cells (CCs) were identified by their round shape and smaller size. In some experiments, we perfused the lumen with hydroxypyrenetrisulfonate, a pH-sensitive fluorophore, at pH 7.4 and used digital image processing to monitor luminal pH (pH1). Solutions were buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid to pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C. With fast perfusion, we found no evidence of decreased pH1, even with stimulation by 10 microM carbachol. With slow perfusion, pH1 often fell below the dye's sensitive range (pH < 5), especially at low perfusate buffering power. In other experiments, we loaded cells with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein and monitored intracellular pH (pHi) in multiple individual PCs and CCs in a single gland. Mean pHi was 7.21 +/- 0.02 (n = 136 cells) for PCs and 7.27 +/- 0.03 (n = 103) for CCs. To examine the response to decreased pH1 and basolateral pH (pHb), we lowered pHb to 6.4 or lowered pH1 to 3.4 or 1.4. Lowering pHb to 6.4 for approximately 1 min caused pHi to fall reversibly by 0.39 +/- 0.05 (n = 53) in PCs and 0.58 +/- 0.03 (n = 50) in CCs. Lowering pH1 to 3.4 or 1.4 caused no significant pHi changes in PCs (n = 38 and 82) or in CCs (n = 44 and 77). Carbachol did not affect the response to changes in pH1 or pHb. We conclude that the apical surfaces of PCs and CCs are unusually resistant to extreme pH gradients.
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Gerbis, Natasha, and John Parratt. "104 Severe unilateral optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): A41.2—A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.103.
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IntroductionOptic neuritis (ON) results in acute loss of vision with pain on eye movement. It may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) and usually follows a resolving course. Here we describe five patients with MS who developed severe unilateral ON resulting in persistent visual loss without significant resolution.MethodsA retrospective clinical review of five cases identified from a database of 550 patients with MS.ResultsAll patients were female and the mean age was 30 years at onset (range 25–40). All patients had no light perception at diagnosis, and received treatment with high dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Two patients also had plasma exchange. All of the patients were subsequently treated with immunomodulatory therapy. The patients were followed for a mean period of 13.3 years (range 2 months to 31 years). None of the patients had significant improvement in their visual acuity, with most achieving vision of 6/60. The mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was 66.33 microns (range 46–98 microns) in the affected eye, compared to 86.7 microns (69–105 microns) in the unaffected eye. All patients were aquaporin-4 antibody negative and oligoclonal band positive, with the MRI brain and spine being diagnostic for MS. Interestingly, none of the patients developed significant symptoms in the contralateral eye with vision of 6/5. All patients had an EDSS score of 4.0 predominantly due to visual impairment.ConclusionSevere unilateral ON is rarely seen in MS. This case series highlights a phenotypically distinct group of female MS patients with severe unilateral ON, and no improvement in visual acuity after prolonged follow-up and despite treatment with steroids and potent immune therapies. In such patients, where the diagnosis of MS is confirmed by MRI and CSF analysis, the patient might be reassured that visual loss in the fellow eye is unlikely.References. Wilhelm H, Schabet M. The diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis. Deutsches Arzteblatt International2015;112(37):616–626.. Dachsel RM, et al. Optic neuropathy after retrobulbar neuritis in multiple sclerosis: Are optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging useful and necessary follow-up parameters?Der Nervenarzt2015;86(2):187–96.
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Spirin, M. V., G. M. Galstyan, M. Yu Drokov, L. A. Kuzmina, G. A. Klyasova, E. N. Parovichnikova, and V. G. Savchenko. "PROVISION OF CENTRAL VENOUS ACCESS DURING ALLOGENEIC HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION." Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology 64, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-4-396-411.
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Introduction. The transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells (allo-HSCT) is impossible without a central venous catheter (CVC).Aim. To determine an optimal approach to providing venous access during allo-HSCT.Materials and methods. This prospective, non-randomised, single-centre study included 146 patients (70 men and 76 women, median age 37 years) who underwent the fi rst allo-HSCT. Prior to conditioning, one of the following CVCs was placed: Hickman or Leonard tunnelled double-lumen silicone catheters (BardAccessSystem); polyurethane non-tunnelled CVCs without (Certofi x Duo, B. Braun) or with an antibacterial coating (Certofi x Protect Duo, B. Braun). The following complications were recorded: early complications, mechanical complications, catheter-associated thrombosis (CAT), catheterrelated bloodstream infections (CRBSI), as well as catheter exit-site and tunnel infections.Results. A total of 320 CVCs were placed (146 prior to allo-HSCT and 174 in the post-transplant period); 259 of the CVCs were non-tunnelled and 61 were tunnelled. Non-tunnelled CVCs were used for 1–123 days (median 22 days), whereas tunnelled CVCs were implanted for 9–621 days (median 146 days). The use of non-tunnelled CVCs was associated with 2.7 % (1.0/1000 catheter days) of mechanical complications and 9 % of CAT (1.4 / 1000 catheter days). The use of tunnelled CVCs was associated with the following complications: accidental removal — 1 (1.6 %), catheter rupture — 4 (6.5 %), CAT — 5 (8.2 %) patients (0.3 / 1000 catheter days); 18 (29.5 %) patients exhibited catheter obstruction, with CVC function being restored in 14 (77.7 %) patients, whereas in 4 (22.3 %) patients the CVC was removed. The incidence of CRBSI associated with non-tunnelled and tunnelled CVCs was 4.4 and 1.5 per 1000 catheter days, respectively. The study revealed no significant differences in the probability of developing CRBSI between non-tunnelled CVCs with and without antibacterial coating (p = 0.298), as well as between non-tunnelled and tunnelled CVCs in the fi rst 28 days after the catheter placement (p = 0.424). The risk of developing CRBSI when using tunnelled CVCs increased after 150 days of use.Conclusion. Allo-HSCT can be performed using any CVC type. Our study revealed no advantages in employing nontunnelled CVCs with an antibacterial coating compared to those having no coating. Tunnelled CVCs (as opposed to nontunnelled ones) provide the opportunity to employ a single catheter throughout the entire transplantation and post-transplant period. It should be noted that tunnelled CVCs should not be used for more than 150 days, since prolonged use of such CVCs significantly increases the risk of infection.Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.Financial disclosure: the study had no sponsorship.
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Siraj, Abdul K., Rong Bu, Maha Al-Rasheed, Muna Ibrahim, Prashant Bavi, Jehad Abubaker, Naif Al-Jomah, et al. "Association between Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Polymorphisms and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Risk in the Middle Eastern Population." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2043.2043.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The last four decades have seen significant increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) as a possible result of increasing environmental carcinogens exposure. Based on the increasing evidence for the association between carcinogens exposure related cancer risk and xenobiotic gene polymorphisms. We have undertaken a case control study on xenobiotic gene polymorphisms in Saudi individuals with a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Polymorphisms in five genes (CYP1A1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM1 and NQO1) were characterized in 187 individuals with DLBCL and 513 normal controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method. We chose the Saudi population as our study population because of its high consanguinity and its relative genetic homogeneity. The CYP1A1*2C, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 TT genotype were all found to be significant predictors of DLBCL risk (odds ratio 6.62, 11.94 and 3.42 respectively). None of the other alleles tested for proved to be significant indicators of DLBCL risk. These results suggest that the risk of DLBCL may indeed be associated with xenobiotics - metabolism and thus with environmental exposures. Table 1 Distribution of polymorphisms in healthy population and lymphoma patients. Polymorphism Genotype Control group Lymphoma patients p OR CYP1A1 −/− 384(76.5%) 104(78.8%) *2A −/2A 105(20.9%) 24(18.18%) 0.543 0.844 2A/2A 13(2.6%) 3(2.27%) 1.000 0.852 2A allele 13% 11.36% 0.659 0.839 CYP1A1 −/− 443(88.2%) 121(91.66%) *2B −/2B 50(10%) 10(7.58%) 0.505 0.732 2B/2B 9(1.8%) 1(0.76%) 0.697 0.407 2B allele 6.8% 4.55% 0.424 0.646 CYP1A1 −/− 497(99%) 125(94.7%) *2C −/2C 5(1%) 4(3.03%) 0.090 3.181 2C/2C 0 3(2.27%) 0.008 ND 2C allele 0.5% 3.8% 0.011 6.627 NQO1 C609T CC 295 (58.5%) 94 (62.7%) CT 177 (35.1%) 37 (24.7%) 0.051 0.656 TT 32 (6.4%) 19 (8.7%) 0.059 1.863 CT+TT 209 (41.5%) 56 (37.3%) 0.395 0.841 GSTP1 2293 CC 389 (76.3%) 113 (77.9%) CT 113 (22.2%) 24 (16.6%) 0.240 0.731 TT 8 (1.5%) 8 (5.5%) 0.017 3.422 CT+TT 121 (23.7%) 32 (22%) 0.739 0.910 GSTP1 A1578G AA 170 (33.5%) 56 (35%) AG 271 (53.5%) 96 (60%) 0.772 1.075 GG 66 (13%) 8 (5%) 0.013 0.368 AG+GG 337 (66.5%) 104 (65%) 0.774 0.937 GSTT1 P 385 (75%) 36 (20.1%) D 128 (25%) 143 (79.9%) <0.001 11.948 GSTM1 P 233 (45.4%) 91 (50%) D 280 (54.6%) 91 (50%) 0.300 0.832 Table 2 Distribution of combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in case and control group. Genotype Control Case p OR Null: Complete deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 allele Present 423 (82.8%) 109 (60.9%) Double Null 88 (17.2%) 70 (39.1%) <0.001 3.087