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Journal articles on the topic "632.950 42"
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Stevens, D. J., R. J. Hornby, D. L. Cook, G. D. Griffiths, E. A. M. Scott, and P. C. Pearce. "A simple method for assessing muscle function in common marmosets." Laboratory Animals 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677053739855.
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A novel method of assessing muscle function in the common marmoset was developed as part of a multidisciplinary long-term study. The method involved home cage presentation of a weight-pulling task. Over a 4–5 month period, 38 of 42 animals were successfully trained to displace weights of up to 920 g (mean 612±20 g). Performance, following initial training, was stable and independent of gender or body weight.
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Hickman, Michael V., James H. Everitt, David E. Escobar, and Arthur J. Richardson. "Aerial Photography and Videography for Detecting and Mapping Dicamba Injury Patterns." Weed Technology 5, no. 4 (December 1991): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033728.
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Field trials were conducted to compare on-site visual evaluations with color-infrared photography (CIR), and near-infrared (NIR) videography (video) and hand-held radiometry (HHR) for detecting and mapping dicamba injury in cotton. CIR, video, and HHR detected 48%, 42% and 36%, respectively, of the injured crop area as defined by visual evaluation (injury ratings >0 on a scale of 0 to 9). The remote techniques were unable to differentiate crop injury that did not involve the entire plant canopy. Reflectance measurements in the visible red (R) (630–690 nm) and NIR (760–900 nm) wavelengths were taken and used in herbicide dosage prediction equations. Predicted herbicide dosages were significantly, positively correlated (P≤0.01) with physical measures of herbicide present. These studies suggest that remote detection and mapping of moderate and severe herbicide injury is possible. Further, NIR videography, with near-real-time capability and low cost may be the system of choice for this type of application.
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HATA, HARUTAKA, and HIROYUKI MOTOMURA. "Sardinella ventura n. sp. (Actinopterygii: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), a new sardine from Mauritius." Zootaxa 4975, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.9.
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The new sardine Sardinella ventura n. sp. (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) is described on the basis of 10 specimens collected from Mauritius. The new species is most similar to Sardinella dayi Regan 1917 in having non-deciduous scales with pores and discontinuous striae, a dark spot on the dorsal-fin origin, the pelvic fin with 8 rays, and similar number of gill rakers, in addition to very similar numbers of keeled scutes. However, the new species is distinguished from S. dayi by having a shorter caudal peduncle [6.2–7.6% SL (mean 7.0%) vs. 8.2–12.0% (9.2%) in S. dayi], larger eye [8.4–9.9% (9.0%) vs. 6.8–8.0% (7.4%)] and orbit [9.6–12.3% (10.7%) vs. 8.5–10.2% (9.3%)], longer pectoral [21.0–22.7% (21.5%) vs. 17.0–21.0% (19.8%)] and pelvic fins [12.5–13.5% (12.8%) vs. 10.4–12.2% (11.2%)], and a greater numbers of pseudobranchial filaments [17–19 (modally 17) vs. 18–22 (19)], lateral scale rows in longitudinal series [41–43 (41) vs. 38–42 (40)] and transverse scales [11 or 12 (12) vs. 11]. There were significant differences in seven meristic and 14 morphometric characters between the two species.
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Breese, Peter E., William J. Burman, Mary Hildred, Barbara Stone, Michael L. Wilson, Zhenhua Yang, and M. Donald Cave. "The Effect of Changes in Laboratory Practices on the Rate of False-Positive Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1213-teocil.
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Abstract Context.—False-positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been found in nearly all DNA fingerprinting studies, but the effectiveness of interventions to reduce cross-contamination has not been evaluated. Objective.—To evaluate whether changes in laboratory policies and procedures reduced the rate of false-positive cultures. Design.—Retrospective study of isolates with matching DNA fingerprints. Setting.—A mycobacteriology laboratory serving an urban tuberculosis control program and public hospital system. Patients.—All M tuberculosis isolates processed from July 1994 to December 1999. Methods.—Isolates were fingerprinted using IS6110; pTBN12 was used to fingerprint isolates having fewer than 6 copies of IS6110. We further evaluated all patients having only one positive culture whose DNA fingerprint matched that of another isolate processed in the laboratory within 42 days. Interventions.—We changed laboratory policy to reduce the number of smear-positive specimens processed and changed laboratory procedures to minimize the risk of cross-contamination during batch processing. Main Outcome Measure.—The rate of false-positive cultures. Results.—Of 13 940 specimens processed during the study period, 630 (4.5%) from 184 patients and 48 laboratory proficiency specimens grew M tuberculosis. There were no cases (0/184) of probable or definite cross-contamination, compared with the 4% rate (8/199) identified in our previous study (P = .008). We also fingerprinted a convenience sample of isolates from other laboratories in Denver; 13.6% (3/22) of these were false-positive, a rate similar to the 11.9% rate (5/42) identified for other laboratories in our previous study (P = .84). Conclusions.—Laboratory cross-contamination decreased significantly after relatively simple, inexpensive changes in laboratory policies and practices. Cross-contamination continued to occur in other laboratories in Denver.
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Ahmed-Said, Y., and P. W. G. Tanner. "P-T conditions during emplacement, and D2 regional metamorphism, of the Ben Vuirich Granite, Perthshire, Scotland." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 4 (August 2000): 737–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549599.
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AbstractThe 590±2 Ma Ben Vuirich Granite was intruded into late Proterozoic Dalradian rocks prior to the Grampian orogeny, during which it was affected by upper amphibolite facies regional metamorphism. Spotted cordierite and andalusite (chiastolite) hornfelses at the granite margin were altered to kyanite-and garnet-bearing assemblages during regional metamorphism. From the inferred mineralogy of the hornfels, together with the normative Qz–Ab–Or values of the granite and the application of a simple cooling model, we conclude that the country rocks immediately adjacent to the granite were hornfelsed at T = ∼600°C and P ≤ 2 kbar.The hornfelsed rocks were subsequently metamorphosed during the regional D2 event to form an equilibrium mineral assemblage of muscovite + biotite + garnet + plagioclase + quartz + kyanite (after chiastolite). Garnet which grew during this event shows unusual reversed chemical zoning, with Ca increasing systematically from core to rim as Fe, Mg and Mn decrease. A study of element partitioning between coexisting phases in equilibrium (including zoned garnets), and use of an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset, suggest that isothermal (T = 577±42°C) compression (from P = 6.2±1.6 kbar to 9.0±1.9 kbar) occurred during crustal thickening. K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz veinlets found in the hornfels close the granite contact are demonstrated to be of igneous origin.
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Isbandini, Isbandini. "Evaluasi Literatur dengan Menggunakan Analisis Sitiran Terhadap Skripsi Jurusan Manajemen Hutan Tahun 2008 di Perpustakaan Fakultas Kehutanan UGM." Berkala Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bip.8831.
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The purpose of this research is : (1) to know the literature obsolescence cited on the 2008 theses Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry UGM (2) to know the growth of literature based on the type and language of collection which were mostly cited by students of the Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry UGM in writing theses during 2008, (3) to know the availability of a collection cited by students of the Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University in writing theses in 2008, this study is a descriptive research, with research subjects is the theses of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University in 2008 which amounted to 67 theses and research objects is all the literature included in the cited bibliography on Forest Management theses, Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University in 2008 which amounted to 1498. Method of data collection uses documentation. Data analysis uses citation analysis. The results show that: (1) the literature obsolescence of the theses aged 8 years or ;ess is up to date and aged more than 8 years is out of date (2) the growth of literature on this research shows 8 years, this means that the growth of Forest Management literature is quickly enough when compared with other sciences, while the growth of the literature based on literature and language of the literature indicates that the book is a kind of literature the most widely cited with citation 950 (63, 42%), the language of literature the most widely cited is the Indonesian-language literature with the 1328 citation (88.65%), (3) overall citation data in this study found 865 citation or 57.74% cited in the literature on theses writing is available at the library and as many as 633 or 42.26% citation is cited literature is not available in the library.
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Hossain, Mohammad S., Robert J. Commons, Nicholas M. Douglas, Kamala Thriemer, Bereket H. Alemayehu, Chanaki Amaratunga, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, et al. "The risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia after P. falciparum malaria: An individual patient data meta-analysis from the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network." PLOS Medicine 17, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): e1003393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003393.
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Background There is a high risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia following treatment of falciparum malaria. Our study aimed to quantify this risk and the associated determinants using an individual patient data meta-analysis in order to identify populations in which a policy of universal radical cure, combining artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) with a hypnozoitocidal antimalarial drug, would be beneficial. Methods and findings A systematic review of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews identified efficacy studies of uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with ACT that were undertaken in regions coendemic for P. vivax between 1 January 1960 and 5 January 2018. Data from eligible studies were pooled using standardised methodology. The risk of P. vivax parasitaemia at days 42 and 63 and associated risk factors were investigated by multivariable Cox regression analyses. Study quality was assessed using a tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42018097400). In total, 42 studies enrolling 15,341 patients were included in the analysis, including 30 randomised controlled trials and 12 cohort studies. Overall, 14,146 (92.2%) patients had P. falciparum monoinfection and 1,195 (7.8%) mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The median age was 17.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 9.0–29.0 years; range = 0–80 years), with 1,584 (10.3%) patients younger than 5 years. 2,711 (17.7%) patients were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL, 13 studies), 651 (4.2%) with artesunate-amodiaquine (AA, 6 studies), 7,340 (47.8%) with artesunate-mefloquine (AM, 25 studies), and 4,639 (30.2%) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP, 16 studies). 14,537 patients (94.8%) were enrolled from the Asia-Pacific region, 684 (4.5%) from the Americas, and 120 (0.8%) from Africa. At day 42, the cumulative risk of vivax parasitaemia following treatment of P. falciparum was 31.1% (95% CI 28.9–33.4) after AL, 14.1% (95% CI 10.8–18.3) after AA, 7.4% (95% CI 6.7–8.1) after AM, and 4.5% (95% CI 3.9–5.3) after DP. By day 63, the risks had risen to 39.9% (95% CI 36.6–43.3), 42.4% (95% CI 34.7–51.2), 22.8% (95% CI 21.2–24.4), and 12.8% (95% CI 11.4–14.5), respectively. In multivariable analyses, the highest rate of P. vivax parasitaemia over 42 days of follow-up was in patients residing in areas of short relapse periodicity (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 6.2, 95% CI 2.0–19.5; p = 0.002); patients treated with AL (AHR = 6.2, 95% CI 4.6–8.5; p < 0.001), AA (AHR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.7; p = 0.001), or AM (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9; p = 0.028) compared with DP; and patients who did not clear their initial parasitaemia within 2 days (AHR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3; p < 0.001). The analysis was limited by heterogeneity between study populations and lack of data from very low transmission settings. Study quality was high. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, we found a high risk of P. vivax parasitaemia after treatment of P. falciparum malaria that varied significantly between studies. These P. vivax infections are likely attributable to relapses that could be prevented with radical cure including a hypnozoitocidal agent; however, the benefits of such a novel strategy will vary considerably between geographical areas.
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Li, Shenggang, Gretchen K. Rothschopf, Bradford R. Sohnlein, Jason F. Fuller, and Dong-Sheng Yang. "Zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron and threshold photoionization spectroscopy of M-X(CH3)3 (M = Ga, In; X = P, As)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-053.
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This paper presents pulsed-field ionization, zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron and threshold photoionization spectra of M-X(CH3)3 (M = Ga, In; X = P, As). The ZEKE spectra exhibit well-resolved vibrational structures. A comparison with B3LYP calculations shows that the spectrum of In-P(CH3)3 arises from the 1A1 ← 2E transition and the spectra of Ga-P(CH3)3 and Ga-As(CH3)3 arise from transitions of a JahnTeller distorted doublet state to the 1A1 state. The intensities of the 1A12E transition in the indium species are described with the FranckCondon approximation, while the transitions in the gallium complexes are more complicated due to the dynamic JahnTeller effect. The adiabatic ionization potentials of Ga-P(CH3)3, In-P(CH3)3, and Ga-As(CH3)3 are 39 635, 38 930, and 40 322 cm1, respectively, and the ionization threshold of In-As(CH3)3 is ~39 550 cm1. The metalligand stretching frequencies are 143, 116, and 125 cm1 for Ga+-P, In+-P, and Ga+-As, respectively, and 96 cm1 for In-P. The intermolecular bending frequencies are 71, 65, and 42 cm1 for Ga+-P-C, In+-P-C, and Ga+-As-C, respectively, and 47 cm1 for In-P-C. In addition, ligand-based vibrational frequencies are determined for the CH3 wag, PC3 and AsC3 umbrella, and P-C stretching vibrations. Key words: ZEKE photoelectron, photoionization, DFT, galliumphosphine, galliumarsine, indiumphosphine, indiumarsine.
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James, Spencer L., Lydia R. Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox, Erin B. Hamilton, et al. "The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." Injury Prevention 26, Supp 1 (January 15, 2020): i3—i11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043286.
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BackgroundFalls can lead to severe health loss including death. Past research has shown that falls are an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) provides a comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality from falls.MethodsEstimates for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were produced for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017 for all ages using the GBD 2017 framework. Distributions of the bodily injury (eg, hip fracture) were estimated using hospital records.ResultsGlobally, the age-standardised incidence of falls was 2238 (1990–2532) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 3.7% (7.4 to 0.3) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised prevalence was 5186 (4622–5849) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 6.5% (7.6 to 5.4) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised mortality rate was 9.2 (8.5–9.8) per 100 000 which equated to 695 771 (644 927–741 720) deaths in 2017. Globally, falls resulted in 16 688 088 (15 101 897–17 636 830) YLLs, 19 252 699 (13 725 429–26 140 433) YLDs and 35 940 787 (30 185 695–42 903 289) DALYs across all ages. The most common injury sustained by fall victims is fracture of patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle. Globally, age-specific YLD rates increased with age.ConclusionsThis study shows that the burden of falls is substantial. Investing in further research, fall prevention strategies and access to care is critical.
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Kostik, M., M. Makhova, D. Kozlova, D. Vasilyev, L. Sorokina, E. Isupova, A. Maletin, and A. Mushkin. "FRI0374 PLASMA LEVELS OF 14-3-3 PROTEIN, S100A8/S100A9-PROTEIN, INTERLEUKIN-6, INTERLEUKIN-18, INTERLEUKIN-4, INTERLEUKIN-17, INTERLEUKIN-1Β AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Α IN CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYEILITIS AND NON-SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 784.3–784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6469.
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Background:Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an immune-mediated disease associated with cytokine dysbalance.Objectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate the cytokines levels in CNO and compare to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) – disease with immune-mediated mechanism.Methods:The diagnosis of CNO made with criteria, proposed by Jansson (2007, 2009), after the exclusion of other causes of bone disease [1]. We included 42 patients with NBO, 28 patients with non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We evaluated plasma levels of 14-3-3 protein, S100A8/S100A9-protein, interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-18 (IL-18), interleukine-4 (IL-4), interleukine-17 (IL-17), interleukine-1β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in 2 groups by the ELISA. Statistical analysis was carried out with Statistica 10.0 software. We utilized descriptive statistics (Me; IQR), Mann-Whitney tests.Results:We have found differences in the proinflammatory biomarkers between CNO, JIA. Patients with NBO had lower levels of studied cytokines, exclude14-3-3-protein, S100A8/S100A9 and interleukin-6 compare to JIA patients (table 1).Table 1.Comparison the cytokine levels between CNO, JIA NParameterNBO (n=42)JIA (n=28)pHemoglobin, g/l112 (104; 124)120 (114.5; 126.0)0.02WBC x 109/l7.9 (7.0; 10.5)8.0 (6.7; 10.0)0.86PLT x 109/l347 (259; 408)336.5 (274.0; 390.5)0.98ESR. mm/h25.0 (9.0; 46.0)8.5 (2.5; 13.0)0.013CRP, mg/l6.1 (0.6; 2.4)1.8 (0.4; 11.9)0.02714-3-3, ng/ml21.4 (18.5; 27.1)19.9 (18.0; 27.8)0.77S100A8/S100A9, ng/ml5.9 (5.2; 6.5)5.9 (5.0; 6.2)0.76IL-6, ng/ml126,2 (112.8; 137.5)132.4 (117.4; 142.9)0.16IL-18, ng/ml270.1 (200.1; 316.1)388.3 (373.9; 405.1)0.0000001IL-4, ng/ml15.3 (11.5; 18.2)18.7 (16.2; 20.2)0.003IL-17, ng/ml83.1 (71.1; 97.3)99.2 (87.3; 115.8)0.003IL-1b, ng/ml47.4 (42.0; 51.3)70.8 (65.3; 73.6)0.0000001TNFa, ng/ml19.4 (17.8; 21.3)23.1 (20.2; 25.9)0.0006Conclusion:Patients with CNO had less proinflammatory activity then JIA patients, besides IL-6 and S100A8/S100A9. Further investigations required for finding new more precise biomarkers and finding possible molecular targets for treatment.This work supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 18-515-57001)References:[1]Jansson AF, et al. Clinical score for nonbacterial osteitis in children and adults. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(4):1152-9.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
Books on the topic "632.950 42"
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Lawlor, Peter. Multicomponent Intervention to Prevent Delirium in Hospitalized Older Patients (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0011.
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This chapter, reports on a prospectively matched controlled trial in which Inouye et al. examined the comparative effectiveness of a targeted multicomponent strategy for reducing the risk of delirium with that of usual standard care. The six targeted baseline risk factors in delirium-free patients admitted to a medical service in a teaching hospital were cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation, immobility, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and dehydration. Using standardized interventions for each of these when present, 42/426 (9.9%) of those in the intervention group had a first-incident episode of delirium compared to 64/426 (15%) in the usual care group, representing a statistically significant reduction of approximately 33% in first-incident episodes of delirium. The number of patient-days with delirium (105 vs. 161) and delirium episodes (62 vs. 90) were significantly lower in the intervention group. Primary prevention of delirium was effective.
Book chapters on the topic "632.950 42"
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Combination Pharmacotherapy." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0017.
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The goal of improving coronary arterial patency, microcirculatory blood flow, and myocardial perfusion represents the essence of fibrinolytic–adjunctive therapy combinations. Because fibrinolytic resistance, patency without perfusion, and reocclusion are platelet-mediated phenomena, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of platelet antagonists. Coronary arterial thrombi consist of platelets and fibrin bound in a tightly packed meshwork. Platelets modify the intrinsic properties of the fibrin network, causing changes in permeability and vasoelasticity, which decrease fibrinolysis rates. The addition of aspirin and the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist abciximab modulates the interaction of platelets and fibrin, improving both accessibility to fibrinolytics and the overall rates of fibrinolysis (Collet et al., 2001). The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 14 trial (Antman et al., 1999) randomized 888 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) to receive (1) accelerated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; ≤100 mg) plus standard dose of unfractionated heparin (UFH); (2) tPA (920 mg bolus) plus abciximab (0.25 mg/kg bolus, 7 μg/min); (3) streptokinase (800,000 to 1.5 million units) and low-dose UFH; or (4) abciximab plus low-dose UFH. TIMI 3 flow rates 90 minutes from treatment initiation were 52%, 53%, 42%, and 32%, respectively. In subsequent dose/strategy studies, a combination of tPA (35 mg) plus abciximab and tPA (15 mg bolus, 31 mg over 60 minutes) plus abciximab revealed 63% and 73% TIMI 3 flow rates, respectively. Rates of major hemorrhage were similar in all tPA treatment groups. The Strategies for Patency Enhancement in the Emergency Department (SPEED) trial (SPEED Group, 2000) included two phases. Phase A (n = 241) randomized patients to receive either abciximab (bolus plus infusion) alone or combined with 5 U, 7.5 U, 10 U, 5 U + 2.5 U, or 5U + 5 U of reteplase. Phase B tested the best strategy from phase A (abciximab plus 5 U + 5 U of reteplase) against 10 U + 10 U of reteplase. In phase A, 62% of the abciximab–reteplase 5 U + 5 U patient group had TIMI 3 flow rates at 60 to 90 minutes vs. 27% of those given abciximab alone (p = .001).
Conference papers on the topic "632.950 42"
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Fitriani, Dyah Ayu, and Fathiyatur Rohmah. "http://theicph.com/id_ID/2020/12/06/the-effect-of-ginger-extract-consumption-on-reducing-morning-sickness-in-first-trimester-of-pregnant-women-at-pratama-mariana-clinic-medan-north-sumatra/224-nurhidaya-fitria-ida-lestari-tampubolon/." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.45.
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ABSTRACT Background: Due to chronic malnutrition, stunting is a condition that prevents young children (children under five) from growing up, resulting in underage. Malnutrition occurs from the time the baby enters the uterus to the early days after the baby is born. Still, the developmental delay only occurs after the baby is two years old. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in children under five. Subjects and Methods: This was a case control study conducted in Harjobinangun Village, 2018. A sampel of 42 study subjects of toddlers aged 24-59 months were selected by accidental sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of stunting. The independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The data were collected by observation and questionnaire. The data were analysed by Chi-square. Results: There was no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (OR = 1.276; 95% CI = 0.439-3.706; p = 0.653). The results of the study that of 42 respondents there were 21 (19.26%) under-fives who stunted and most of the children under five aged 24-59 months in Harjobinangun Village were not given exclusive breastfeeding as many as 24 respondents (57.1%). Conclusion: Optimally exclusive breastfeeding is still at risk of stunting if it is not given adequate complementary breastfeeding and good and correct breastfeeding. Keywords: Toddler, Stunting Incidence, Exclusive Breastfeeding Correspondence: Dyah Ayu Fitriani, Aisyiyah University Yogyakarta. Jl. Ring Road Barat No. 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Sleman district, Yogyakarta. fituri32@gmail.com. 081233461060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.45
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Soloiu, Valentin, Martin Muiños, Tyler Naes, Spencer Harp, and Marcis Jansons. "RCCI of Synthetic Kerosene With PFI of N-Butanol-Combustion and Emissions Characteristics." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1154.
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In this study, the combustion and emissions characteristics of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) obtained by direct injection (DI) of S8 and port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol were compared with RCCI of ultra-low sulfur diesel #2 (ULSD#2) and PFI of n-butanol at 6 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and 1500 rpm. S8 is a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (C6–C18) developed by Syntroleum and is derived from natural gas. S8 is a Fischer-Tropsch fuel that contains a low aromatic percentage (0.5 vol. %) and has a cetane number of 63 versus 47 of ULSD#2. Baselines of DI conventional diesel combustion (CDC), with 100% ULSD#2 and also DI of S8 were conducted. For both RCCI cases, the mass ratio of DI to PFI was set at 1:1. The ignition delay for the ULSD#2 baseline was found to be 10.9 CAD (1.21 ms) and for S8 was shorter at 10.1 CAD (1.12 ms). In RCCI, the premixed charge combustion has been split into two regions of high temperature heat release, an early one BTDC from ignition of ULSD#2 or S8, and a second stage, ATDC from n-butanol combustion. RCCI with n-butanol increased the NOx because the n-butanol contains 21% oxygen, while S8 alone produced 30% less NOx emissions when compared to the ULSD#2 baseline. The RCCI reduced soot by 80–90% (more efficient for S8). However, S8 alone showed a considerable increase in soot emissions compared with ULSD#2. The indicated thermal efficiency was the highest for the ULSD#2 and S8 baseline at 44%. The RCCI strategies showed a decrease in indicated thermal efficiency at 40% ULSD#2-RCCI and 42% and for S8-RCCI, respectively. S8 as a single fuel proved to be a very capable alternative to ULSD#2 in terms of combustion performance nevertheless, exhibited higher soot emissions that have been mitigated with the RCCI strategy without penalty in engine performance.
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Siros, Frédéric, and Gonzalo Fernández Campos. "Optimisation of a Low-TIT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine With Application to New Generation Solar Thermal Power Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65227.
Full textAbstract:
The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Concentrated Solar Power, referred to in this document as Solar Thermal Electric (STE) is no match for that of Photovoltaic (about one third in similar conditions). However, the future electrical grids dominated by intermittent renewables (in 2030 and beyond) will value the firm capacity provided by STE that integrate a massive thermal storage. The molten salt solar tower is, beyond any doubt, the best technology to provide this firm capacity at reasonable cost for the 10–15 years to come. We believe that the next generation of STE plants will keep the molten salt tower architecture, but with novel solar loop, storage medium and power block that will allow for higher working temperatures and conversion efficiency, thereby downsizing the solar field that accounts for ∼40% of the plant’s LCOE. Among the three power block technologies that can make good use of the high temperatures allowed by the new storage medium (probably fluidized particles) — supercritical steam Rankine cycle, supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) — the latter is a good candidate. In order to achieve today’s impressive efficiencies of state-of-the-art gas-fired CCGTs (up to 62%), the manufacturers relied on continuous improvements — including Turbine Inlet Temperatures (TIT) increases up to ∼1500°C — without modifying the architecture. Our problem is quite different: we consider that our TIT is limited to 1,000°C. Therefore, new architectures must be contemplated in order to reach a ∼50% efficiency that would be a significant improvement compared to the ∼42% obtained with current subcritical steam cycles. The objective of this study is to define the optimal configuration of a CCGT working with an external heat input provided by heat exchangers that collect the heat from a storage medium. The study was conducted as follows. The bottoming cycle’s power output per unit of GT exhaust gas mass flow was defined as a function of the exhaust gas temperature thanks to several simulations performed with Thermoflow’s GT-PRO software and a linear regression. Our efforts were then focused on the gas turbine. Four gas turbine configurations were optimized and compared: with/without reheat, with/without intercooling. Single and double reheat were also compared. For each configuration, three TIT values were considered: 800°C, 900°C and 1,000°C. A supplementary combustion that entails a 6% pressure drop was considered after the external heat and reheat(s). These calculations were performed twice: first using an analytic model, then with the Thermoflex software. Both results were always very consistent, which is no surprise: since the gas turbine is uncooled, the analytical model is straightforward. The single reheat cycle without intercooling is the most efficient one if TIT ≥ 900°C. The double reheat increases the efficiency for TIT = 800°C. The gross efficiencies of the combined cycle power blocks with single reheat GT with additional combustion are as follows: 46.8% if TIT = 800°C (49.7% with a double reheat and no additional combustion), 50.3% if TIT = 900°C and 53.1% if TIT = 1,000°C. The reheat (or second reheat if applicable) poses a considerable challenge because the low working air pressure entails a high relative pressure drop of the heat exchanger that is highly detrimental to the cycle efficiency. According to expert opinion, a train of reheat exchangers with the pressure drop considered in this study (6%) and a ∼50 K final temperature difference can be manufactured at reasonable cost. The Capital Expenditure (Capex) of the CCGT plus its trains of heat exchangers must be assessed in collaboration with manufacturers but should be reasonable, lower anyway than that of a supercritical steam cycle with similar efficiency. In conclusion, a low TIT, externally heated CCGT with single or double reheat (depending on the TIT) is a good option for the next generation of high temperature solar towers. There is no major hurdle for manufacturing such a power block right now, other than convincing a manufacturer to do it.