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Journal articles on the topic '64Cu, low metal content'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Martin, Sebastian, Stephan Maus, Tobias Stemler, Florian Rosar, Fadi Khreish, Jason P. Holland, Samer Ezziddin, and Mark D. Bartholomä. "Proof-of-Concept Study of the NOTI Chelating Platform: Preclinical Evaluation of 64Cu-Labeled Mono- and Trimeric c(RGDfK) Conjugates." Molecular Imaging and Biology 23, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11307-020-01530-8.

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Abstract Purpose We recently developed a chelating platform based on the macrocycle 1,4,7-triazacyclononane with up to three five-membered azaheterocyclic arms for the preparation of 68Ga- and 64Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals. Based on this platform, the chelator scaffold NOTI-TVA with three additional carboxylic acid groups for bioconjugation was synthesized and characterized. The primary aims of this proof-of-concept study were (1) to evaluate if trimeric radiotracers on the basis of the NOTI-TVA 6 scaffold can be developed, (2) to determine if the additional substituents for bioconjugation at the non-coordinating NH atoms of the imidazole residues of the building block NOTI influence the metal binding properties, and (3) what influence multiple targeting vectors have on the biological performance of the radiotracer. The cyclic RGDfK peptide that specifically binds to the αvß3 integrin receptor was selected as the biological model system. Procedures Two different synthetic routes for the preparation of NOTI-TVA 6 were explored. Three c(RGDfK) peptide residues were conjugated to the NOTI-TVA 6 building block by standard peptide chemistry providing the trimeric bioconjugate NOTI-TVA-c(RGDfK)39. Labeling of 9 with [64Cu]CuCl2 was performed manually at pH 8.2 at ambient temperature. Binding affinities of Cu-8, the Cu2+ complex of the previously described monomer NODIA-Me-c(RGDfK) 8, and the trimer Cu-9 to integrin αvß3 were determined in competitive cell binding experiments in the U-87MG cell line. The pharmacokinetics of both 64Cu-labeled conjugates [64Cu]Cu-8 and [64Cu]Cu-9 were determined by small-animal PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing U-87MG xenografts. Results Depending on the synthetic route, NOTI-TVA 6 was obtained with an overall yield up to 58 %. The bioconjugate 9 was prepared in 41 % yield. Both conjugates [64Cu]Cu-8 and [64Cu]Cu-9 were radiolabeled quantitatively at ambient temperature in high molar activities of Am ~ 20 MBq nmol−1 in less than 5 min. Competitive inhibitory constants IC50 of c(RDGfK) 7, Cu-8, and Cu-9 were determined to be 159.5 ± 1.3 nM, 256.1 ± 2.1 nM, and 99.5 ± 1.1 nM, respectively. In small-animal experiments, both radiotracers specifically delineated αvß3 integrin-positive U-87MG tumors with low uptake in non-target organs and rapid blood clearance. The trimer [64Cu]Cu-9 showed a ~ 2.5-fold higher tumor uptake compared with the monomer [64Cu]Cu-8. Conclusions Functionalization of NOTI at the non-coordinating NH atoms of the imidazole residues for bioconjugation was straightforward and allowed the preparation of a homotrimeric RGD conjugate. After optimization of the synthesis, required building blocks to make NOTI-TVA 6 are now available on multi-gram scale. Modifications at the imidazole groups had no measurable impact on metal binding properties in vitro and in vivo suggesting that the NOTI scaffold is a promising candidate for the development of 64Cu-labeled multimeric/multifunctional radiotracers.
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Wagener, Karolin, Dennis Renisch, Meike Schinnerer, Matthias Worm, Yvonne Jakob, Klaus Eberhardt, and Frank Rösch. "Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3000.

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Abstract The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a powerful, highly reliable and selective reaction which allows for a rapid synthesis in high yields and under mild conditions (pH, temperature). However, the cytotoxicity of copper requires its complete removal prior to an application in vivo. This is an issue especially when it comes to CuAAC reactions on macromolecular structures or drug delivery systems, as copper might be retained by these systems. Thus, a quantification of the final copper content of these systems is inevitable, which we exemplified for a CuAAC reaction on liposomes using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I). In this respect, a Cu(II) nitrate solution was irradiated at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor Mainz to obtain c.a. [64Cu]Cu(II). The irradiated solution was directly used for a CuAAC on liposomes. After purification, their copper content was calculated utilizing γ-ray spectrometry. Only 0.018% of the added 64Cu-activity was still present in the liposome containing fractions after purification. This refers to a total amount of copper of 0.17 ng. The amount of retained copper is so low, that an in vivo application of the liposomes is absolutely reasonable. Besides this particular study, the experimental methodology may be applied to study many other CuAAC reactions, used for the synthesis of radiolabeled or non-radioactive species, which are intended for human applications.
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3

Kamal, A., S. M. D. Naqvi, and F. Khan. "Production of Low Metal Content Re-refined Lubricating Oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 16 (September 30, 2009): 1810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460802624039.

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4

Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, Paul Boldrin, Alexandra Lubin, Farid Tariq, Sarah Fearn, Richard Chater, Stuart N. Cook, et al. "Novel Composite Cermet for Low-Metal-Content Oxygen Separation Membranes." Chemistry of Materials 26, no. 13 (June 20, 2014): 3887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm501490n.

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5

Reid, Scott D., and D. G. McDonald. "Metal Binding Activity of the Gills of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-125.

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The objective of this study was to characterize the metal binding of the external gill surface in an attempt to interrelate metal chemistry, gill surface binding activity, and possibly metal toxicity. Individual gill arches from adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to various concentrations of either 140La, 45Ca, 109Cd, or 64Cu. The apparent dissociation constant (KD) and capacity (Bmax) of the external gill surface for the metals was calculated using Scatchard plot analysis. Half-saturation time (t1/2) and binding cooperativity (Hn) were also determined. The KD for gill metal binding ranged from 0.31 ± 0.02 mM for La3+ (high affinity) to 4.3 ± 0.04 mM for Cu2+ (low affinity). The gill binding affinity for Ca2+ was threefold lower than for La3+, but was similar to that for Cd2+. The gills had the lowest affinity for Cu2+, almost 14 times lower than that for La3+. Bmax for La3+ was found to be significantly lower than for any other metal (0.14 ± 0.001 μmol∙g−1), while nearly seven times as much Cu2+ was accumulated by the gills compared with La3+, The Ca2+ and Cd2+Bmax estimates were intermediate.
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Arredondo, M., V. Cambiazo, L. Tapia, M. González-Agüero, M. T. Núñez, R. Uauy, and M. González. "Copper overload affects copper and iron metabolism in Hep-G2 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 1 (July 2004): G27—G32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00297.2003.

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Divalent metal transporter #1 (DMT1) is responsible for intestinal nonheme Fe apical uptake. However, DMT1 appears to have an additional function in Cu transport in intestinal cells. Because the liver has an essential role in body Cu homeostasis, we examined the potential involvement of Cu in the regulation of DMT1 expression and activity in Hep-G2 cells. Cells exposed to 10 μM Cu exhibited a 22-fold increase in Cu content and a twofold decrease in Fe content compared with cells maintained in 0.4 μM Cu. 64Cu uptake in Cu-deficient Hep-G2 cells showed a twofold decrease in Km compared with cells grown in 10 μM Cu. The decreased Km may represent an adaptive response to Cu deficiency. Cells treated with >50 μM Cu, showed an eightfold increase in cytosolic metallothionein. DMT1 protein decreased (35%), suggesting that intracellular Cu caused a reduction of DMT1 protein levels. Our data indicate that, as a result of Cu overload, Hep-G2 cells reduced their Fe content and their DMT1 protein levels. These findings strongly suggest a relationship between Cu and Fe homeostasis in Hep-G2 cells in which Cu accumulation downregulates DMT1 activity.
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7

Chan, Sun, David Cryer, and Roger I. Price. "Enhancement and Validation of a 3D-Printed Solid Target Holder at a Cyclotron Facility in Perth, Australia." Instruments 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3010012.

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A 3D-printed metal solid target using additive manufacturing process is a cost-effective production solution to complex and intricate target design. The initial proof-of-concept prototype solid target holder was 3D-printed in cast alloy, Al–7Si–0.6Mg (A357). However, given the relatively low thermal conductivity for A357 (max, 160 W/m·K), replication of the solid target holder in sterling silver (SS925) with higher thermal conductivity (max, 361 W/m·K) was investigated. The SS925 target holder enhances the cooling efficiency of the target design, thus achieving higher target current during irradiation. A validation production of 64Cu using the 3D-printed SS925 target holder indicated no loss of enriched 64Ni from proton bombardment above 80 µA, at 11.5 MeV.
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8

Coward, K. M., A. C. Jones, M. E. Pemble, S. A. Rushworth, L. M. Smith, and T. Martin. "Next generation adduct purification techniques for low oxygen content metal alkyls." Journal of Electronic Materials 29, no. 1 (January 2000): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-000-0111-7.

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9

Rogowski, Marcin, Tomasz Smoliński, Marta Pyszynska, Marcin Brykała, and Andrzej G. Chmielewski. "Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. II. Application of radiotracers in copper leaching from flotation tailings." Nukleonika 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2018-0016.

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Abstract The use of radiotracers in the present study is intended to replace traditional steps of metal quantitative analysis (solution sampling and instrumental chemical analysis) and to allow real-time measurements of metal concentrations during the leaching process. In this study, 64Cu, an isotope of copper, was selected as a radiotracer. Samples of copper flotation tailings were irradiated in the Maria research reactor (Świerk, Poland) and mixed with an inactive portion of the milled fl otation waste. The leaching process was carried out in a glass reactor, and the radiation spectrum was measured using a gamma spectrometer. The material was then treated using various acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid) in a wide range of their concentrations. Experiments with the radiotracer were conducted in sulphuric and nitric acids. The amount of the leached metal (copper) was calculated on the basis of the peak area ratio in the gamma-ray spectrum of the activated tailings and standard samples. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also used to analyse the metal content. Maximum recovery of 56% Cu was achieved using 9 M HNO3, whereas the recovery was lowest for ascorbic acid (<1%). Both analytical methods were compared, and the results presented in this paper are in good agreement with radiometric measurements obtained using ICP-MS analysis.
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10

Li, Yuting, Zhiyong Liu, Tianxing Wang, and Shuying Shang. "High-piezoresistive sensitivity of silicone matrix composites with low metal filler content." Materials Letters 171 (May 2016): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.02.093.

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11

Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique, and et al et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Composite Cermet for Low-Metal-Content Oxygen Separation Membranes." ChemInform 45, no. 37 (August 28, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201437229.

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12

Ushakov, S. N., V. A. Bigeev, A. M. Stolyarov, M. V. Potapova, E. V. Sokolova, and I. L. Sokolov. "Features of ladle desulfuration of pipe steel with low sulfur content." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 7 (August 11, 2020): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-716-720.

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At the present time the sulfur content in pipe steel is strictly regulated. Under conditions of PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” the metal is smelted in BOF shop with preliminary desulfurization of molten iron, treatment of tapping steel by a solid slag-forming mixture and final desulfurization in the “Ladle-Furnace” unit (LP-unit). In order to increase the efficiency of the sulfur removal process, the influence of the covering slag composition on metal desulfurization is considered. Statistical processing of production data array consisting of 14 melts of steel grade 10Г2ФБЮ with K60 strength class was performed. The dependences of the sulfur content in the metal after desulfurization in the LP-unit on the oxidizing ability, covering slag basicity and the content of magnesium oxide was established: it is shown that the amount of sulfur removed during the ladle treatment process increases with the increase of the covering slag basicity and with the decrease of the magnesium oxide content in slag. For describing this dependence, a new parameter was proposed – the ratio of slag basicity to MgO content in it, %–1. A high content of magnesium oxide in the “white” slag was revealed. This fact indicates a significant amount of converter slag getting into the ladle due to its poor cut-off in the process of metal tapping from the unit. The study of the influence of the coating “white” slag composition on the metal desulfurization process in the LP-unit showed, that for the effective sulfur removal, it is necessary to provide not only welldeoxidized slag with a total content of iron and manganese oxides of less than 1%, but also to ensure the ratio of its basicity to the magnesium content in this slag not less than 0.60–0.65%–1.
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13

Zhou, Mi, Song-Tao Yang, Tao Jiang, Li-heng Zhang, Jin-tao Xiao, Xiangxin Xue, and Wei-jun Zhang. "Effects of carbon content on the sintering behavior of low-titanium vanadium-titanium magnetite." Metallurgical Research & Technology 113, no. 6 (2016): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2016048.

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14

Fonseca, L. R., A. A. Knizhnik, A. V. Gavrikov, I. M. Iskandarova, A. A. Bagatur'yants, and B. V. Potapkin. "Fermi Pinning in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures Results from Low Oxygen Content at the Metal-Oxide Interface." ECS Transactions 4, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2813495.

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15

Milisavljević, Nada, and Isabelle Bloch. "Detection of low-metal content objects by evidential fusion of mine detection sensors." Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ica-2003-10106.

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16

Rojas Montes, Eliceth Y., and Jorick Vink. "Testing how massive stars evolve, lose mass, and collapse at low metal content." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S346 (August 2018): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319001297.

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AbstractIn order to test massive star evolution above 25 M⊙, we perform spectral analysis on a sample of massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud that includes both O stars as well as more evolved Wolf-Rayet stars. We present a grid of non-LTE stellar atmospheres that has been calculated using the cmfgen code, in order to have a systematic and homogeneous approach. We obtain stellar and wind parameters for O stars, spectral types ranging from O2 to O6, and the complete sample of known Wolf-Rayet stars. We discuss the evolutionary status of both the O and WR stars and the links between them, as well as the most likely evolutionary path towards black hole formation in a low metallicity environment, including testing theoretical predictions for mass-loss rates at low metallicities.
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Leroy, Adam, John Cannon, Fabian Walter, Alberto Bolatto, and Axel Weiss. "The Low CO Content of the Extremely Metal‐poor Galaxy I Zw 18." Astrophysical Journal 663, no. 2 (July 10, 2007): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518501.

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18

Shujia, Li, Lyu Naibing, Deng Suhuai, Luo Zhijun, and Xu Shixin. "Effect of heating temperature on oxidation behavior of low density steels with medium manganese content." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020077.

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The high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe–C (0.22%)–Mn (5.3%)–Al (2.5–3.2%)–Si (2.2%) low density steel was studied in the atmosphere of (2%O2 + Ar) by high temperature oxidation simulation tests. The samples were kept at 900 °C–1300 °C for 30 minutes and the morphology and the content distribution of oxide layer in the scale were characterized by scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that: when the holding temperature is below 1150 °C, the oxidized weight gain increases parabolically with time; when the temperature is maintained above 1200 °C, the oxidized weight gain increases linearly. Oxidation activation energy decreases with experimental temperature from 225.31 to 43.4 kJ/mol and due to formation of liquid oxidation products the value of Ea decreases sharply from 1100 °C.For all range of temperature the outer layer of the scale is FeOn–MnO oxide while the scale is mainly SiO2–Al2O3–FeOn–MnO near the matrix. Few variations could be observed for the morphology of scales when the heating temperature ranged from 900 °C to 1100 °C. When the heating temperature is over 1150 °C the liquid Fe2SiO4 and FeO–SiO2–MnO phases in the scale were newly formed, leading to the penetration of liquid oxide scale into the steel, which makes descaling difficult. Therefore, to facilitate the descaling operation before hot rolling, temperature should be controlled below 1150 °C in the reheating furnace.
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19

Klug, Matthew T., Rebecca L. Milot, Jay B. Patel, Thomas Green, Harry C. Sansom, Michael D. Farrar, Alexandra J. Ramadan, et al. "Metal composition influences optoelectronic quality in mixed-metal lead–tin triiodide perovskite solar absorbers." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 6 (2020): 1776–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee00132e.

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By correlating photovoltaic and material properties with metal content, we identify compositional ranges of low and high optoelectronic quality in (FA0.83Cs0.17)(Pb1−ySny)I3 perovskites.
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20

Ma, Li Guo, He Liu, Ju Jun Li, and Yan Feng He. "Low Temperature and Low Phosphorus Electroless Nickel Plating." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.302.

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Direct electroless nickel plating on n-Si(100) wafers in alkaline solutions was performed without any activation procedure in advance. The effect of pH and temperature on the size of deposited metal particles was examined. Moreover, The phosphorus contents of deposits were also analyzed by the energy disperse spectroscopy. The results indicated that the optimal reaction temperature was 60°C and the optimal pH value was 10.0 with a plating rate of about 3.0 µm/hr and the phosphorus content of about 3.6 wt%.
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21

de la Vega, Fernando, Eynat Mtzner, Erik Khasin, Aharon Naor, and Asaf Greenshpan. "Development of Nano Metal Powders for Ultra-Low Fire MLC Inner Electrodes." Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, no. 2 (2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510212342.

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The need to reduce metal content, especially Palladium content in the multi layer ceramic components is driven by two motives. The first is the need to reduce material costs which has become a major issue due to the sharp rise and instability of palladium price. The second motive is the need to build components with ever-growing number of layers, in order to achieve better performance.In this paper, a series of new metal powders, which were developed by NanoPowders Industries (NPI), will be discussed. These powders vary in composition, from pure silver, to silver–palladium, silver–platinum and silver–gold alloys. These powders are of very fine particle size. They open a broad working window for MLC design.The different properties of the powders will be discussed in this paper, including melting and sintering behavior.
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22

Bilgenov, A. S., Yu Kapelyushin, and P. A. Gamov. "Statistical Analysis of Metal Particles Forming during Reduction of Oxides with Low Iron Content." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.673.

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Metallurgical Industry slowly moves towards wider utilization of complex ore minerals. Reduction behavior of complex crystalline structures can hardly be interpreted applying kinetic modeling adopted for pure oxides. The quantitative mathematical analysis of the metal particles forming during solid state reduction of a complex mineral has been suggested. The analysis with 95% reliability showed that during solid phase reduction of dunite at 1300 °C for 60 min about 360 particles with an average size about 0.62 mm formed from the total area S = 20880 mm. Such an approach could be useful for development of sophisticated kinetic models applied for reduction of a low-grade complex ore.
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23

Inoue, Ryo, Takuma Kozono, Ryozo Goto, and Hideaki Suito. "Determination of Ultra Low Content of Nitrogen in Metal and Slag by Ion-Chromatography." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 55, no. 3 (1991): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.55.3_304.

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Inoue, Ryo, Takuma Kozono, Ryozo Goto, and Hideaki Suito. "Determination of Ultra Low Content of Nitrogen in Metal and Slag by Ion-Chromatography." Materials Transactions, JIM 32, no. 5 (1991): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.32.489.

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25

Zhang, Lijuan, Xiaobo Mao, Yaoqiang Chen, Junbo Zhong, Jianli Wang, Ming Zhao, and Maochu Gong. "Monolithic Catalysts with Low Noble-Metal Content for Exhaust Purification of Small Gasoline Engines." Journal of Rare Earths 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(07)60466-9.

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Yashnik, S. A., V. V. Kuznetsov, Z. R. Ismagilov, V. V. Ushakov, N. M. Danchenko, and S. P. Denisov. "Development of Monolithic Catalysts with Low Noble Metal Content for Diesel Vehicle Emission Control." Topics in Catalysis 30/31 (July 2004): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:toca.0000029765.54179.c9.

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Zhi, Jiang, Li Shu-Fen, Zhao Feng-Qi, Liu Zi-Ru, Yin Cui-Mei, Luo Yang, and Li Shang-Wen. "Research on the Combustion Properties of Propellants with Low Content of Nano Metal Powders." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200600021.

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Fukikoshi, Tatsuya, Yūki Watanabe, Yasuyuki Miyazawa, and Fumio Kanasaki. "Brazing of copper to stainless steel with a low-silver-content brazing filler metal." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 61 (August 1, 2014): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/61/1/012016.

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Yashnik, S. A., Z. R. Ismagilov, A. V. Porsin, S. P. Denisov, and N. M. Danchenko. "Development of monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content for diesel vehicle emission control." Topics in Catalysis 42-43, no. 1-4 (May 2007): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-007-0226-7.

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30

Gaulke, Linda S., Charles L. Henry, and Sally L. Brown. "Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus rubra amended with low and high metal content biosolids." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 4 (August 2006): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000400006.

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Forest application of biosolids offers a potential environmentally friendly alternative to landfilling. This two-year investigation was designed to analyze the effects of elevated soil metal concentration resulting from the land application of biosolids on the symbiotic, nitrogen (N) fixing relationship between Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) and Frankia. High metal biosolids and a modern-day composted biosolid applied at high loading rates of 250, 500, and 1000 Mg ha-1, were used to represent a worst-case scenario for metal contamination. The high metal biosolids were obtained before the current regulations were formulated and had been lagooned prior to use in this study. Total cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the high metal biosolids were 45, 958, and 2623 mg kg-1 respectively. These metal concentrations are above current regulatory limits in the US. The compost was made using biosolids that are currently produced and had Cd, Pb and Zn of 0.8, 20 and 160 mg kg-1 respectively. Trees were harvested and analyzed for rate of N fixation (as measured by acetylene reduction activity), biomass, and foliar metals. Soils were analyzed for available N, total carbon and N, pH and total Cd, Pb and Zn. Rates of N fixation were not affected by soil amendment. In year 2, shoot biomass of trees grown in both the compost and high metal amendments were higher than the control. Shoot biomass increased with increasing amount of compost amendments, but decreased with increasing amount of high metal amendments. There was no relationship between soil metal concentration and plant biomass. Foliar Cd and Pb were below detection for all trees and foliar Zn increased with increasing amount of both compost and high metal amendment, with concentrations of 249 mg kg-1 for trees grown in the compost amendment and 279 mg kg-1 for the high metal amendment. The results from this study indicate that the growth of A. rubra benefited from both types of biosolids used in the study and that the Alnus/Frankia relationship was not negatively impacted by metal concentrations resulting from the high metal biosolids amendments.
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Hernández Díaz, Ianeya, Federico Galizia, Orquidea Coto Pérez, and Edgardo R. Donati. "Reduction of Heavy-Metal Content in Overburden Material by Bacterial Action." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.653.

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In previous studies it has been showed that bacterially produced sulphuric acid is a good leaching agent for laterite tailings. In this work we evaluated heavy metals leaching from low grade laterite ore for cobalt and nickel extraction using sulphuric acid produced in situ by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans under different culture conditions. In studies where that material was initially added to the cultures, considerable percentages of metals were leached (100 % Mn, 70 % Co, 7.5 % Ni, less than 5 % of Cr and Fe) after 18 days of incubation at low pulp densities (1 % and 2.5 %) of overburden. The maximum percentages were reached when cultures pH was approximately or below than 1.5. At higher pulp densities material was added to the cultures after different pre-cultivating times; also higher sulphur amounts were assayed; in such way about 100 % Mn, 60 % Co, 9 % Ni and Fe and 2.5 % Cr were leached. Although toxic metals were not completely leached, sequential extractions results indicate that these metals are not readily available. All studies finally suggest that bioleaching is a suitable technology for recovery of valuable metals as Co and remediation of mining residues by extraction of heavy metals.
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32

Jönsson, Håkan, Thor-Axel Stenström, Jan Svensson, and Annika Sundin. "Source separated urine-nutrient and heavy metal content, water saving and faecal contamination." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0338.

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Human urine is by far the largest contributor of nutrients to household wastewater. Source separation of urine can significantly decrease the nutrient load on the recipients. By recycling the urine to agriculture as a fertiliser, with very low levels of heavy metals, the nutrients are made into resources instead of becoming pollutants. The amounts and concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in urine solution from a source separating sewage system were measured. The concentrations of nutrients were high. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was close to the expected value, indicating that the system did not have any large nitrogen loss. The heavy metal concentrations in the urine were low, much lower than that in most chemical fertilisers. Per inhabitant and day, 1.34 litres of urine solution were collected. Of this, 0.34 litres was flush water. The low flush water volume was due to the double flush mechanism of the toilets, which saved 48% of the flush water compared with conventional water closets. Per inhabitant and day, 4.9 g of nitrogen and 0.42 g of phosphorus were collected, which was 86 and 81% respectively of the expected amount. The contamination level of faecal material in the source separated urine was low.
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33

Liu, Jingwu, Jian Sun, Shitong Wei, and Shanping Lu. "The Effect of Nickel Contents on the Microstructure Evolution and Toughness of 800 MPa Grade Low Carbon Bainite Deposited Metal." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060709.

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In this work, three deposited metals with different nickel (Ni) contents were produced by active gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in order to explore the influence of Ni on the microstructure evolution and toughness of 800 MPa grade low carbon bainite deposited metal. The results showed that microstructure of the deposited metals mainly consisted of lath bainite, lath martensite, coalesced bainite (CB), and retained austenite (RA), and that the toughness was closely related to two factors: CB and RA. RA in deposited metal could improve the toughness, while the CB would deteriorate the toughness of deposited metal. As the Ni content increased, a large amount of CB was generated in the deposited metals. The RA content increased from 1.5% to 5.7% with the content of Ni increasing from 5.5% to 6.5%. However, the RA content did not increase when the Ni content increased from 6.5% to 7.5%. Additionally, the smallest control unit of toughness in 800 MPa grade low carbon bainite deposited metals is the Bain Packet (BP) from the perspective of crystallography characteristics. This work provided a reference for the chemical composition design of 800 MPa grade steel welding consumables and showed that the toughness of the deposited metal could be improved effectively by increasing the RA content while suppressing the formation of CB.
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34

Parkash, Anand. "Synthesis of Bimetal Doped Metal-Organic Framework (MOF-5): An Electrocatalyst with Low Noble Metal Content and High Electrochemical Activity." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 9, no. 7 (August 19, 2020): 075002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/abade8.

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35

Kim, Dae Whan, Chang Hee Han, and Woo Seog Ryu. "Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of 316LN Stainless Steel Welded by GTAW in Nitrogen Added Environment." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.275.

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Tensile and fatigue properties were evaluated for base and welded type 316LN stainless steel. Welding methods were GTAW (308L, Ar environment) and GTAWN (316L, Ar + N2 environment). Yield strength of weld joint was higher than that of base metal but elongation of weld joint was lower than that of base metal. UTS of weld joint was slightly lower than that of base metal. Yield strength and elongation with welding method were almost same. Fatigue life of weld joint was lower than that of base metal but fatigue strength of weld joint was higher than that of base metal. Ferrite content was increased with welding. Fatigue life welded by GTAWN was better than that of GTAW at RT and 600°C. This fatigue life behavior was consistent with the behavior of ferrite content.
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36

Garcia, Miriam, Artemio Herrero, Francisco Najarro, Inés Camacho, Daniel J. Lennon, Miguel A. Urbaneja, and Norberto Castro. "Low-metallicity (sub-SMC) massive stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S329 (November 2016): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317003088.

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AbstractThe double distance and metallicity frontier marked by the SMC has been finally broken with the aid of powerful multi-object spectrographs installed at 8-10m class telescopes. VLT, GTC and Keck have enabled studies of massive stars in dwarf irregular galaxies of the Local Group with poorer metal-content than the SMC. The community is working to test the predictions of evolutionary models in the low-metallicity regime, set the new standard for the metal-poor high-redshift Universe, and test the extrapolation of the physics of massive stars to environments of decreasing metallicity. In this paper, we review current knowledge on this topic.
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37

Adelhelm, Christoph, Martin Balden, Marcin Rasinski, Stefan Lindig, Thomas Plocinski, Edmund Welter, and Marcin Sikora. "Investigation of metal distribution and carbide crystallite formation in metal-doped carbon films (a-C:Me, Me = Ti, V, Zr, W) with low metal content." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 19 (June 2011): 4335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.02.034.

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38

Hosseinzadeh, Mostafa, and Mohammad Raouf Hosseini. "Investigation and optimization of influencing parameters on the copper extraction from a low-grade oxide deposit by acid leaching." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 3 (2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018084.

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Recovery of copper (II) from a low-grade deposit obtained from the rejects of a crushing circuit was investigated by means of leaching using H2SO4solution. Sulfuric acid concentration was between 30–180 g/L, solid content was set at 10–60%, particles were in the size range of −1 + 2 mm, and the leaching time was 5–60 min. Initially, a screening step was utilized involving a full factorial design (FFD) with four factors at two levels and two replications. Normal probability plot of residuals, analysis of variance (ANOVA), surface plots, and contour plots were used to study the effects of the main operational parameters and their interactions. The results of ANOVA,F-test andt-student test showed that at 95% confidence level, the sulfuric acid, solid content, leaching time, and the 2-way interaction of them considerably affected Cu(II) extraction, and increasing their value positively influenced the Cu(II) extraction. A factorial regression model was developed to relate Cu(II) extraction and the operational variables. The fitted model presented a good agreement between the experimental data and the predicted values with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9989. Optimization of Cu(II) extraction suggested that the optimum conditions for Cu(II) extraction (Re = 72%) were sulfuric acid: 90 g/L, solid content: 50%, particle size: under 2 mm, and leaching time: 30 min.
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39

Elliott, Norman E., and Michael A. Mitchell. "Characterization of density and metal content in low density foam targets for inertial confinement fusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 362, no. 1 (August 1995): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00236-7.

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40

de Araújo Moreira, Thiago Gomes, José Faustino Souza de Carvalho Filho, Yuri Carvalho, João Monnerat Araujo Ribeiro de Almeida, Pedro Nothaft Romano, and Eduardo Falabella Sousa-Aguiar. "Highly stable low noble metal content rhodium-based catalyst for the dry reforming of methane." Fuel 287 (March 2021): 119536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119536.

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41

Sato, Hozumi, Tatsuaki Matsunaga, and Yasuhiro Yoshida. "Synthesis and properties of low metal content polymers prepared by emulsion polymerization using nonionic surfactants." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1992): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070500003.

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42

Kubicka, H., and B. Węglowska. "Hydrogen adsorption and hydrogen-oxygen titration on Ru/γ-alumina catalysts of low metal content." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 29, no. 1 (March 1985): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02067976.

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43

San José-Alonso, D., M. J. Illán-Gómez, and M. C. Román-Martínez. "Low metal content Co and Ni alumina supported catalysts for the CO2 reforming of methane." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38, no. 5 (February 2013): 2230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.080.

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44

Karpechenko, Anton, Maksym Bobrov, Oleksander Dubovyу, Tetiana Makrukha, and Yevhen Nedelko. "FORMATION OF COMPOSITE METAL-CERAMIC AND METAL-CARBIDE ELECTRIC ARC SPRAYED COATINGS." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 1(7) (April 23, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.01.02.

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The paper studies the possibility of forming composite metal-ceramic (Sv-08G2S-О-Al2O3) and metal-carbide (Sv-08G2S-О-TiC) electric arc sprayed coatings using a hardening phase in the form of powder particles in a free form. For this, a modernized cap of the spray head of an EM-14M electric arc spray gun was used, equipped with a unit for continuous powder feed supply. A laboratory batch of samples was obtained in various technological modes of spraying. Microstructures of the deposited coatings are investigated using a scanning electron microscope. It has been established that composite coatings are characterized by a lamellar structure and a rather low porosity from 8 to 12% (depending on the deposition mode and the hardening phase content), and phase particles of different shades are well differentiated in the structure. The phases were identified by their microhardness indicators. It has been established that the microhardness of the metal matrix (Sv-08G2S-О) is 1.88GPa, ceramic Al2O3 particles ‑ 17.1GPa, TiC particles‑ 31GPa. The influence of the technological parameters of spraying, namely: current, voltage and powder consumption on the content of the hardening phase in the structure of the composite electric arc coatings has been investigated. It was found that when using the maximum values of technological parameters (current 160A, voltage 35V and powder consumption 35 g/min), the maximum content of the hardening phase in the coatings is obtained: 10.3% Al2O3 in metal-ceramic and 25.6% TiC in metal-carbide. The significantly higher maximum TiC content in comparison with the Al2O3 content in composite coatings is explained by the high density of carbide and, as a consequence, the increased velocity of these particles in the high-temperature heterophase jet. Experimental studies of the influence of the content of the strengthening phase in composite coatings on their bond strength to the substrate have been carried out. It is shown that the maximum value of the bond strength of metal-ceramic coatings is 30 MPa and corresponds to the Al2O3 content of 8.7%. As for metal-carbide coatings, the maximum bond strength value of 32 MPa was obtained with a carbide phase content of 18.4%. At the same time, the bond strength of the convention coating sprayed of Sv-08G2S-О wire is 26 MPa. An increase in this characteristic for composite coatings is explained by the additional activation of the sprayed surface by unmelted solid particles of Al2O3 and TiC. It is shown that the decrease in bond strength with an increase in Al2O3 content to 10.3%, and TiC to 25.2% is explained by a significant decrease in the actual contact area of the coating with the substrate.
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45

Chen, Zhang, and Han Bing Ma. "Preparation of Superfine Low-Melting-Point Metal Particles by Phase Inversion Method." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1087.

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Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd metal particles were fabricated with dispersant sodium oleate by phase inversion method. The effects of dispersant content, temperature, and stirring speed and the average size of Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd metal particles were investigated by scanning electron microscope and particle size distribution analyzer. In addition, the preparation mechanism was preliminarily discussed. Finally, the optimized preparation conditions were determined and well-dispersed superfine Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd particles with average diameter of about 0.3μm were obtained.
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46

Jin, Yong Li, Zeng Wu Zhao, and Jie Yu Zhang. "Thermodynamic Studies on Selective Oxidation of Nb, P and C in Dephosphorization of Low Niobium Hot Metal." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2543.

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The main problem with the efficient utilization of Nb resource in the Boyan Obo Ore lies in the selective oxidation of [Nb], [P] and [C]. In this work, thermodynamic studies have been conducted to determine the conditions of selective oxidation of [Nb], [P] and [C] in low niobium hot metal in the process of oxidizing dephosphorization. The thermodynamic condition for dephosphorization was determined as: The condition for retaining Nb from oxidation is: The oxygen activity for oxidation of Nb, C and P is relevant to the initial [C] content in hot metal. The equilibrium oxygen activity of Nb-O reaction increases with an increase of the [C] content, whereas the equilibrium oxygen activity of C-O and P-O reactions varies oppositely with the [C] content. The reduction ofresults in a decrease of the [C] content required for removing P and retaining Nb, as well as makes the process of dephosphorization more feasible. The increase of temperature decreases the [C] content of selective oxidation of Nb and P, but is unfavorable to dephosphorization.
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47

Chen, Xingrun, Guoguang Cheng, Yao Li, and Yuyang Hou. "Research on the oxygen content in 304L stainless steel during VOD-LF-CC process based on IMCT." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019057.

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The total oxygen in 304L stainless steel produced by the VOD-LF-CC process is investigated in this research. The equilibrium oxygen content in the molten steel during the smelting process is calculated based on the ion-molecule coexistence theory. The results show that it is feasible to use the developed thermodynamic model for calculating the equilibrium oxygen content in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–FeO–Cr2O3 slags equilibrated with 304L molten steel. The variation law for total oxygen is in good agreement with the equilibrium oxygen content. The oxygen content of the oxide-inclusion decreases with the number density of inclusions, which decrease at different stages in the process. The content of FeO and Cr2O3 in the slag has no obvious effect on the equilibrium oxygen content when the basicity of the slag remains constant. Combining the proposed method with industrial practice, the optimum VOD process parameters for obtaining a low equilibrium oxygen content are as follows: 1600–1650 °C of the temperature after the VOD stage, 0.4–0.5% of the Si content after reduction, and 2.2–2.5 of the slag basicity.
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48

Landa-Cánovas, Á. R., Eladio Vila, Jorge Hernández-Velasco, Jean Galy, and Alicia Castro. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Low Mo-content Bi-Mo-O Phases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013013.

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δ-Bi2O3, a material with a fluorite-type structure, is one of the best solid-state oxygen-ion conductors. It is a high-temperature form that cannot be quenched to room temperature. However, doping with small amounts of transition metal oxides preserves the δ-Bi2O3 structure at low temperature and retains its anionic conduction properties. The Bi2O3–MoO3 materials are interesting because of their functional properties, chiefly as catalysts and as good ionic conductors. All the phases in this system are related to the fluorite structure except Bi2MoO6 which shows an Aurivillius-type structure.
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49

Tanklevskaya, N. M., and A. N. Maznichevsky. "Thermodynamics of Crystallizing Low-Alloy Boron Steel Melt Components Interaction." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.178.

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Thermodynamic analysis of the phase equilibria in the Fe–Mn–Cr–Si–Al–Ti– Ni–V–Mo–B–S–P–C–N–O system at fixed concentrations of boron, manganese, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen was performed. Formation of nonmetallic phases upon cooling and crystallization of liquid metal solutions of various compositions was studied. It was established how aluminum and nitrogen content in the liquid metal solution affects the composition and amount of separated excess phases. Calculations demonstrated that boron nitride was not formed in the liquid metal and during crystallization.
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50

Shiau, Jia-Shyan. "Carbothermic reduction of low-grade laterite-graphite composite pellets." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020024.

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The appropriate carbothermic reduction parameters of low-grade laterite-graphite pellets and the influence of calcined temperature on these for upgrading the nickel (Ni) content in pellets were evaluated. Afterward, the impact of the additive (Na2SO4) on Ni grade and Ni recovery of calcined pellets at optimal reduction conditions was also investigated. XRD analysis, thermodynamic calculation, isothermal reduction experiment, BET-specific surface area analysis, bromine methyl alcohol solution analysis, and chemical composition analysis were used in order to obtain the associated parameters. In this study, it showed the improvement of Ni grade and Ni recovery rate of 673 K-calcined laterite-graphite pellets can respectively reach > 30 mass % and 90.2 mass % under the conditions of reduction temperature = 1373 K, reduction time = 30 min, and the mole ratio of fixed carbon to reducible oxygen of iron and nickel in laterite nickel ore (C/O) = 0.6. The reasons were proposed that the 673 K-calcined laterite ores have the highest specific surface area of 46.8 m2/g with pores in the size of 29.7 Å to provide faster Ni reduction at the initial stage followed by reduction. The addition of 5 mass % additive resulted in the best Ni grade of > 30 mass % and the best Ni recovery rate of 93.8 mass % in pellets at the same reduction temperature, time and (C/O) molar ratio.
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