Dissertations / Theses on the topic '64kB'

The field of this project is size restricted graphic intro. The paper deals with motivation creating such an intro and talks briefly about history. Main focus is put on general description of various principles common in demo development, techiques used achieving the practical assignment are provided with more detailed description.

Master's Thesis is about the techniques of creating a small executable program with size limited to 64kB. Describes one of the possible ways to use OpenGL for such purposes. With more detail describe the rigid body simulation, creating shaders, dynamic generating of texture and make music in intro scene applications. Presents using of WinApi to create windows, V2 synthetizer for sound and GLSL language for creating shaders. Everything is demonstratively created under Windows.

This thesis deals with the creation of minimal graphics intro. Intro size is not extending 64kB. The base of the intro is procedurally generated terrain supplemented with procedural vegetation and texture representing clouds. It also has terrain texture and imported 3D models. As background music is music playing.

The aim of the master's thesis is to create a graphic intro with the limited size of 64kB. Brief history of a demoscene and the graphics library OpenGL is introduced in the following text. The main part of the work is a description of minimal graphics techniques used in a creative process and their further application in the final programme.

This thesis deals with the creation of the intro with limited size. This work describes methods for reducing the size of the final application. The main part describes methods for generating graphic content and methods for its animation. It deals with creation of textures and geometry. Another part is aimed on the physical simulation of particle and elastic systems.

Progress in CMOS technology and in fine pitch bump bonding has made possible the development of high granularity single photon counting detectors for X-ray imaging. This thesis studies the design and characterization of three pulse processing chips with 65536 square pixels of 55 μm x 55 μm designed in a commercial 0.25 μm 6-metal CMOS technology. The 3 chips share the same architecture and dimensions and are named Medipix2, Mpix2MXR20 and Timepix. The Medipix2 chip is a pixel detector readout chip consisting of 256 x 256 identical elements, each working in single photon counting mode for positive or negative input charge signals. The preamplifier feedback provides compensation for detector leakage current on a pixel by pixel basis. Two identical pulse height discriminators are used to define an energy window. Every event falling inside the energy window is counted with a 13-bit pseudo-random counter. The counter logic, based in a shift register, also behaves as the input/output register for the pixel. Each cell also has an 8-bit configuration register which allows masking, test-enabling and 3-bit individual threshold adjust for each discriminator. The chip can be configured in serial mode and readout either serially or in parallel. Measurements show an electronic noise ~160 e- rms with a gain of ~9 mV/ke-. The threshold spread after equalization of ~120 e- rms brings the full chip minimum detectable charge to ~1100 e-. The analog static power consumption is ~8 μW per pixel with Vdda=2.2 V. The Mpix2MXR20 is an upgraded version of the Medipix2. The main changes in the pixel consist of: an improved tolerance to radiation, improved pixel to pixel threshold uniformity, and a 14-bit counter with overflow control. The chip periphery includes new threshold DACs with smaller step size, improved linearity, and better temperature dependence. Timepix is an evolution of the Mpix2MXR20 which provides independently in each pixel information of arrival time, time-over-threshold or event counting. Timepix uses as a time reference an external clock (Ref_Clk) up to 100 MHz which is distributed all over the pixel matrix during acquisition mode. The preamplifier is improved and there is a single discriminator with 4-bit threshold adjustment in order to reduce the minimum detectable charge limit. Measurements show an electrical noise ~100 e- rms and a gain of ~16.5 mV/ke-. The threshold spread after equalization of ~35 e- rms brings the full chip minimum detectable charge either to ~650 e- with a naked chip (i.e. gas detectors) or ~750 e- when bump-bonded to a detector. The pixel static power consumption is ~13.5 μW per pixel with Vdda=2.2 V and Ref_Clk=80 MHz. This family of chips have been used for a wide variety of applications. During these studies a number of limitations have come to light. Among those are limited energy resolution and surface area. Future developments, such as Medipix3, will aim to address those limitations by carefully exploiting developments in microelectronics.<br>Framstegen inom CMOS-teknologin och tekniken för bump bondning har möjliggjort utveckling av högupplösande bilddetektorer för detektering av enskilda röntgenfotoner eller laddade partiklar. Denna avhandling behandlar design och karakterisering av tre pulsräknande utläsningskretsar med 65536 kvadratiska bildelement med storleken 55 x 55 um2. De tre kretsarna, benämnda Medipix2, Mpix2MXR20 och Timepix, delar samma arkitektur och dimensioner. Medipix2 är en utläsningskrets för avbildning med 256 x 256 identiska bildelement som räknar enskilda fotoner utgående från positiva eller negativa laddningspulser. Förförstärkarens återkoppling kompenserar individuellt för läckströmmen i varje bildelement. Ett energifönster kan definieras med hjälp av två identiska diskriminatorkretsar. Varje händelse som faller inom energifönstret räknas i en 13-bitars pseudo-random räknare. Räknaren, utformad som ett skiftregister, fungerar också som in/utregister för varje bildelement. Kretsen kan läsas ut antingen seriellt eller parallellt. Det elektroniska bruset har uppmätts till ~160 e- rms vid en förstärkning av ~9 mV/ke-. Spridningen i tröskelspänning efter justering är ~120 e- rms vilket ger en minsta detekterbar laddningspuls över hela kretsen på ~1100 e-. Den statiska effektförbrukningen i del analoga delen är ~8 mW per bildelement vid Vdda=2,2 V. Mpix2MXR20 är en uppdaterad version av Medipix2. De huvudsakliga förändringarna är: bättre strålningshärdighet, jämnare tröskelvärden och en 14- bitsräknare med overflow. Periferin innehåller också nya DA-omvandlare med mindre steg, förbättrad linjäritet och mindre temperaturberoende. Timepix är en vidareutveckling av Mpix2MXR20 som medger detektering av ankomsttid, time-over-threshold eller pulsräkning individuellt i varje bildelement. Timepix utnyttjar en extern klocka (Ref_Clk) med frekvenser upp till 100 MHz som distribueras över hela bildmatrisen. Förförstärkaren är förbättrad och en enkel diskriminator med 4 bitars tröskeljustering används för att minimera lägsta detekterbara laddningspuls. Mätningar visar ett elektroniskt brus på ~100 e- rms och förstärkningen 16,5 mV/ke-. Med en tröskelspridning på 35 e- rms blir minsta detekterbara laddning för den nakna kretsen (t.ex. i en gasfylld detektor) ~650 eoch för en bondad detektor ~750 e-. Den statiska effektförbrukningen är ~13,5 mV per bildelement vid Vdda=2,2 V och Ref_Clk= 80 MHz. Den här kretsfamiljen har använts i ett antal olika applikationer. Under dessa studier har ett antal begränsningar konstaterats. Bland dessa märks begränsad energiupplösning och begränsad detektorarea. Framtida utvecklingsprojekt, t.ex. Medipix3, kommer att inriktas på att avhjälpa dessa begränsningar genom att utnyttja den senaste utvecklingen på mikroelektronikområdet.

This thesis is concerned with the problem of visual recognition in art - such as finding the objects (e.g. cars, cows and cathedrals) present in a painting, or identifying the subject of an oil portrait. Solving this problem is extremely beneficial to art historians, who are often interested in determining when an object first appeared in a painting or how the portrayal of an object has evolved over time. It allows them to avoid the unenviable task of finding paintings for study manually. However, visual recognition of art is a challenging problem, in part due to the lack of annotation in art. A solution is to train recognition models on natural, photographic images. These models have to overcome a domain shift when applied to art. Firstly, a thorough evaluation of the domain shift problem is conducted for the task of image classification in paintings; the performance of natural image-trained and painting- trained classifiers on a fixed set of paintings are compared for both shallow (Fisher Vec- tors) and deep image representations (Convolutional Neural Networks - CNNs) to exam- ine the performance gap across domains. Then, we show that this performance gap can be ameliorated by classifying regions using detectors. We next consider the problem of annotating gods and animals on classical Greek vases, starting from a large dataset of images of vases with associated brief text descriptions. To solve this, we develop a weakly supervised learning approach to solve the correspondence problem between the descriptions and unknown image regions. Then, we study the problem of matching photos of a person to paintings of that person, in order to retrieve similar paintings given a query photo. We show that performance at this task can be improved substantially by learning with a combination of photos and paintings - either by learning a linear projection matrix common across facial identities, or by fine-tuning a CNN. Finally, we present several applications of this research. These include a system that learns object classifiers on-the-fly from images crawled off the web, and uses these to find a variety of objects in very large datasets of art. We show that this research has resulted in the discovery of over 250,000 new object annotations across 93,000 paintings on the public Art UK website.

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are small cystine-knot-containing cytokines that serve pivotal functions during the development of a wide range of tissues. Consisting of approximately twenty structurally and functionally related proteins, the BMP family makes up the largest branch of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. At least three of the BMPs have the ability to bind to heparan sulphate (HS) and heparin, which are highly sulphated, complex polysaccharides that are found in abundance on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. The functional significance of these interactions remains unclear, but it has been demonstrated that BMPs -2 and -4 bind to HS/heparin via a small cluster of basic amino acids in their N-terminal regions. BMP-7 has also been shown to interact with HS and heparin. However, it belongs to a different BMP sub-group to BMPs -2 and -4, and it differs from them considerably in this key N-terminal region. This raises the question as to where the HS/heparin-binding site of BMP-7 is situated. The aim of this study was to answer this question using a combination of predictive computational molecular docking calculations, site-directed mutagenesis techniques and heparin-affinity chromatography. The findings from a series of predictive docking calculations suggested that BMP-7 binds to HS/heparin through three basic residues close to the C-terminal ends of each of its constituent monomers. However, experimental studies have shown that this is unlikely, as removing two of these three basic residues from each monomer had no affect on the heparin-binding affinity of BMP-7. The same was true when two of seven basic residues were removed from the N-terminal regions of each BMP-7 monomer, both alone and in combination with the C-terminal mutations. Further investigation is therefore required in order to resolve this matter.

With the advent and development of modern information technology, such as the Internet, the difficulty in transmitting data has been reduced significantly. This makes it easier for entities to share their experience to a larger extent than before. In this thesis, we study the design and analysis of feedback mechanisms, which are the information systems that enable entities to learn information from others' experience. We provide a framework for feedback mechanisms. We first provide an abstract model of a feedback mechanism which defines the scope of our concept and identifies the necessary components of a feedback mechanism. We then provide a framework for feedback mechanisms. This provides a global and systematic view of feedback mechanisms. We also use our model and framework to decompose and analyse several existing feedback mechanisms. We propose an electronic marketplace which can be used for trading online services such as computational resources and digital storage. This marketplace incorporates a dispute prevention and resolution mechanism that is explicitly designed to encourage the good conduct of marketplace users, as well as providing important security features and being cost-effective. We also show how to incorporate the marketplace into Grid computing for exchanging computational resources. We propose a novel feedback mechanism for electronic marketplaces. In this setting, the role of feedback is no longer a “shadow of the future”, but a “shadow of the present”. In other words, feedback directly impacts on the seller's payoff for the current transaction instead of future transactions. This changes the fundamental functionality of feedback, which solves many inherent problems of reputation systems that are commonly applied in electronic marketplaces. We provide a novel announcement scheme for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) based on a reputation system in order to evaluate message reliability. This scheme features robustness against adversaries, efficiency and fault tolerance to temporary unavailability of the central server.

Previous research has shown that orienting attention in time can help to improve behavioural outcomes. However, the extent to which temporal orienting can be preserved in ageing and in the context of neurological disorders remains unresolved. This thesis therefore explores temporal expectations in the healthy ageing and diseased brain by taking a neuropsychological approach. To begin, I provide an overview of the literature in <b>Chapter 1</b> most relevant for the following investigation. Four chapters of experiments then follow. To examine the effects of ageing on temporal expectation, the performance of healthy young adults and healthy older adults is presented and the results are discussed in <b>Chapter 2</b> and <b>3</b>. Though it had been previously shown that older adults seem to experience an expectation deficit on temporal expectation tasks, these chapters demonstrate the preservation of temporal expectation in ageing. On their own, these findings represent an important and novel contribution to the literature; however, this research is incapable of establishing the causal mechanisms involved in temporal expectation. To explore the causal role of relevant brain regions in temporal expectation, <b>Chapter 4</b> and <b>5</b> investigate the effects of temporal orienting in participants with damage to the basal ganglia - a brain region strongly implicated in temporal processing. In <b>Chapter 4</b>, the role of the basal ganglia in temporal expectations is examined using data collected from participants with Parkinson's disease and contrasts their performance with age-matched healthy controls. To complement this investigation, and to provide converging evidence for the basal ganglia's role in temporal expectations, Chapter 5 investigates the behavioural performance of individuals with focal lesions to the basal ganglia. The findings in this thesis are discussed in their wider context in Chapter 6, and directions for future research are proposed.

La répartition dynamique de taches consiste à fournir à l'operateur humain une assistance à l'action afin de réguler sa charge de travail. La problématique de la répartition dynamique de taches réside donc dans la définition et la mise en œuvre de la répartition des taches entre l'operateur humain et le système automatisé. La définition anticipée de la répartition permet d'améliorer la qualité des solutions obtenues vis-à-vis de l'objectif de régulation

Helical oligomers made up of the achiral amino acid Aib (2-aminoisobutyric acid) have great potential in relaying stereochemical information over nanometre distances by control of their macromolecular conformation. In a synthetic signalling pathway, the helical domain acts as a transducer, mediating the information flow between an input and an output. This thesis describes the advancement of these helical systems into functioning, dynamic transduction pathways capable of nanoscale information processing by a variety of different means. Through studying the effect of C-terminal chiral amino acids, alanine was found to give maximal control over the helical screw-sense. It was also discovered that the hydrogen bonding preference of the terminal group (ester, amide etc.) determined the screw-sense direction. By modifying the terminus, this directional preference was inverted using light or pH as secondary stimuli. Non-covalent interactions with solvent were found to be important in controlling the flow of information through the helical domain. In less polar solvents (THF, chloroform) a single screw sense can prevail for up to 200 monomers, leading to very low signal loss. A zinc binding site was developed to allow a chiral ligand to act as the input in the signalling process. Both amino and phosphoric acids led to remarkable levels of screw-sense induction. Using the reversible ligand binding interaction a pH switch was set up to moderate the binding of these two ligands, creating a ternary information switch. Significant progress was also made towards a light switch using a spiropyran as a competing ligand. Finally, a novel light-responsive switch capable of releasing a signalling molecule in solution was conceived and developed.

Since the early 1990s the temporary staffing industry experienced rapid growth in many areas of Europe, although the extent and rate of this growth varied across the continent. The existing literature on labour market intermediaries and the temporary staffing industry fail to adequately address the importance of national institutional arrangements. This thesis addresses the research lacuna by providing a comparative study of temporary staffing industries in three different political-economic contexts: the United Kingdom, Germany and the Czech Republic. This contributes to a greater understanding of the role of the temporary staffing industry in each country, how it is structured, and the key institutions involved. These three case studies profile the size and characteristics of each temporary staffing industry but also discuss the key institutions present in each case, and the relationships which drive or restrict its change. This thesis includes analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a detailed picture of each national temporary staffing industry. The research reveals three nationally distinctive formations of the temporary staffing industry within the context of the European Union. While the UK has the largest temporary staffing industry in Europe, it remains highly fragmented. With an established presence in many sectors of the labour market the industry seeks to increase its presence in professional occupations, and its collaboration with public employment services. While the temporary staffing industry in Germany has experienced significant growth since 2003, resistance remains from the trade unions against the use of temporary agency work, and the state remains greatly involved in determining working conditions. The presence of collective bargaining between the trade unions and trade associations remains a key relationship in this system. The temporary staffing industry in the Czech Republic is still in the early stages of growth and as such regulations are still being formulated, and agencies are still establishing branch networks in an environment where a large number of informal agencies are already present. While temporary staffing agencies and trade associations remain active in pursuing growth for the temporary staffing industry, the extent to which these changes took place varied between countries. This thesis argues the form of each national temporary staffing industry is a reflection of the complex historical, and contemporary, national institutional arrangements, and as such, its form and role varies.

The extended reach of globalisation in the last few decades has resulted in a significant increase of western influence on countries like Thailand. Western ideologies have been disseminated through various mass media channels, including the printed media. Women's magazines from the West such as the American monthly women's magazine Cosmopolitan have been publishing their Thai version for over ten years. The focus of Cosmopolitan is on the lifestyle of liberated women and sex as its most prominent theme. This is best illustrated by its Love and Lust section, which features advice columns imparting advice on sexual relationships for the benefit of female readers. Although the stories are envisaged as pieces of educational journalism, the original American columns are often sexually explicit, both in verbal and visual terms. This can be problematic from a Thai perspective, as sex-related issues are still viewed locally as sensitive and rarely raised publicly.This research will examine the strategies employed in translating the Love and Lust section of Cosmopolitan into Thai, focusing on shifts of meaning at both the verbal and visual levels. The theoretical framework used in this study draws mainly on the Systemic Functional Linguistics conceptualisation of the text-context relationship (as articulated by Eggins 1994/2004) that accounts for bi-directional correlations between text and its context of situation and context of culture. The model is supplemented with the Systemic Functional extended Social Semiotics conceptualisation of the visual analysis by Kress and van Leeuwen (1996/2006). The study will account for the translational choices illustrated in the data and ultimately attempt to identify verbal and visual shifts in the translation of glossy women's magazines.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子研究所<br>107<br>Radar technology and its developments have been important issues for decades. In recent years, related applications are becoming more and more popular such as automobile safety system and speed measurement. With the growth of semiconductor processing technology, the development of circuit design related to THz technology has gradually been noted. Imaging radar system with THz technology has many advantages so that it can be applied on security scan, because of the characteristics of THz such as penetrability and reflection on conducting material. However, there are ultra-long series in the application of wideband radar system with high sampling rate. While realizing the ultra-long FFT, it would introduce some design challenges such as high hardware complexity and large area cost. On the other hand, it needs to achieve a high throughput rate to meet the requirement of real-time processing. In this thesis, we implement a 4-parallel 64K-point FFT hardware architecture based on the 2-epoch FFT algorithm for the application of THz imaging radar system. With the proposed middle twiddle factor generator, we can reduce a large number of storages for twiddle factor coefficients, so the area of ROM is reduced. In addition, the maximum operating frequency will not be limited by the long access time of a large size ROM. We implement the 64K-point FFT architecture in TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology with high-Vt standard cell library. The maximum operating frequency of the system is 390 MHz, and the throughput rate reaches 1.57 GS/s. Its high throughput rate meets the requirement of real-time processing in our THz imaging radar system with a mechanical scan. When operating at the maximum clock rate, it consumes 0.2811 W (@0.9 V), and the total gate counts of this work are around 3974.1k.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>電機工程學系<br>87<br>Integer division is generally regarded as an infrequent instruction, which takes most execution cycles in typical microprocessor operations.However, it is still very much needed in the modern microprocessors.Since the modern microprocessors employ the super-scalar architecture generally, the effect of the inefficient division operation on overall system performance will be as much as that of the adder and the multiplier. This thesis present the design and implementation of an mixed radix-8/4/2 integer divider that is based on the floating-point digit recurrence division algorithm. Its major objective is to overcome the problem in the algorithm theory and physical design. We are going to prove its correctness functions and improve its performance. We also implement a 64/32 bit integer divider chip.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>電機工程學系研究所<br>89<br>The first topic of this thesis is a mixed radix-16/8/4/2 64b/32b integer divider which uses a variety of techniques, including operand scaling, table partitioning, and table sharing, to increase performance without paying the cost of increasing complexity. The second topic is a noise immune address transition detector（ATD）circuit. We employ a simple feedback loop to stabilize the generated CS（chip select）signal and two delay cells to dynamically adjust the width of the CS strobe.

碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>102<br>The purpose of this thesis is to achieve high-speed serial communication between FPGAs with custom control code for 8B / 10B protocol, and it has been applied to the Xilinx ML605 development board and Altera Stratix IV (Signal Integrity Development Kit) development board with linking test. We have successfully reached 3.125Gbps data transmission rate. The high-speed serial communication analysis with 8B/10B, Aurora 8B/10B and Aurora 64B / 66B protocol will be included here. keywords : FPGA , 8B/10B protocol, Aurora 8B/10B protocol, Aurora 64B/66B protocol, high-speed serial communication