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Garcelon, Evrard. "Constrained Exploration in Reinforcement Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAG007.
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Une application majeure de l'apprentissage machine automatisée est la personnalisation des différents contenus recommandé à différents utilisateurs. Généralement, les algorithmes étant à la base de ces systèmes sont dit supervisé. C'est-à-dire que les données utilisées lors de la phase d'apprentissage sont supposées provenir de la même distribution. Cependant, ces données sont générées par des interactions entre un utilisateur et ces mêmes algorithmes. Ainsi, les recommandations pour un utilisateur à un instant t peuvent modifier l'ensemble des recommandations pertinentes à un instant ultérieur. Il est donc nécessaire de prendre en compte ces interactions afin de produire un service de la meilleure qualité possible. Ce type d'interaction est réminiscente du problème d'apprentissage en ligne. Parmi les algorithmes dit en ligne, les algorithmes de bandits et d'apprentissage par Renforcement (AR) semblent être les mieux positionnés afin de remplacer les méthodes d'apprentissage supervisé pour des applications nécessitant un certain degré de personnalisation. Le déploiement en production d'algorithmes d'apprentissage par Renforcement présente un certain nombre de difficultés tel que garantir un certain niveau de performance lors des phases d'exploration ou encore comment garantir la confidentialité des données collectées par ces algorithmes. Dans cette thèse nous considérons différentes contraintes freinant l’utilisation d’algorithmes d’apprentissage par renforcement, en fournissant des résultats à la fois empirique et théorique sur la vitesse d’apprentissage en présence de différentes contraintesA major application of machine learning is to provide personnalized content to different users. In general, the algorithms powering those recommandation are supervised learning algorithm. That is to say the data used to train those algorithms are assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. However, the data are generated through interactions between the users and the recommendation algorithms. Thus, recommendations for a user a time t can have an impact on the set of pertinent recommandation at a later time. Therefore, it is necessary to take those interactions into account. This setting is reminiscent of the online learning setting. Among online learning algorithms, Reinforcement Learning algorithms (RL) looks the most promising to replace supervised learning algorithms for applications requiring a certain degree of personnalization. The deployement in production of RL algorithms presents some challenges such as being able to guarantee a certain level of performance during exploration phases or how to guarantee privacy of the data collected by RL algorithms. In this thesis, we consider different constraints limiting the use of RL algorithms and provides both empirical and theoretical results on the impact of those constraints on the learning process
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Amin, Dipesh. "Computational and theoretical modelling of self-healable polymer materials." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68437/.
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In this thesis we study self-healing polymeric materials, these are materials which can autonomously heal upon fracture (showing a partial or full recovery of mechanical strength). While there are a number of approaches to self-healing we focus on modelling supramolecular polymer networks. These are formed by physical association of linear or branched polymers via reversible and highly directional non-covalent bonds. We carry out hybrid molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo simulations of supramolecular networks formed by unentangled telechelic chains. The association of stickers leads to the formation of a transient network. At high bonding energies, the majority of stickers are fully reacted and the fraction of open stickers is less than 1%. We find the dynamical behaviour of such systems is dominated by a partner exchange mechanism in which stickers exchange their associated partners by the association and disassociation of sticker clusters. We propose a phantom chain hopping model to describe chain relaxation dynamics in supramolecular networks, which provides numerical predictions in reasonably good agreement with our simulation results. These systems are then studied under both shear and planar extensional flows. The presence of transient networks leads to a huge increase in viscosity. We find strain hardening behaviour in start-up flow for shear rates higher than the reciprocal of the average bond lifetime which we conclude results from the non-Gaussian stretching of polymer chains. An overall reduction in the number of network strands is also seen which ultimately leads to shear thinning behaviour in steady-state. We also carry out simulations of mildly entangled monodisperse polymer chains under planar extensional flow by taking advantage of the computational benefits afforded by using GPUs in scientific computing. The method developed is found to be 10 times faster than a CPU approach while providing similar accuracy. These simulations are shown alongside experiments of uniaxial extension and provide qualitatively similar behaviour (both showing extensional thickening at intermediate rates).
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Antypas, Nikoloas. "Essays on mergers and acquisitions : acquisition target prediction, CEO deal experience on deal performance, and value creation on a massive scale." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68937/.
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This thesis examines three important issues in the financial literature strand of M&As. The first analysis regards the field of acquisition target prediction (ATP) and the construction of profitable investment strategies based on identifying prospective targets and investing in their stock. The study introduces novel predictors, which connect market conditions to individual firm targetiveness, but the prediction accuracy does not seem to materially improve when compared to the literature. However, the investment performance of predicted targets is firmly positive, resembling the performance magnitude of actual targets. In a novel construct of rolling estimation, the model seems to have low intertemporality, suggesting opportunistic performance in both prediction accuracy and importance of predicting factors. The second analysis regards the effect of CEO deal experience on deal performance. Based on manually collected data, the CEO experience at the time of the appointment in the firm seems to be insignificant for the returns around the announcement, but long-run returns form an inverse U-shaped relationship with experience, suggesting positive effects from modest experience and exponentially decreasing effects for more experienced CEOs. The significance only for long-run returns suggests that investors have yet to account for the effects of experience on deal performance. As for the relationship pattern, the shift is attributed to the different behaviour expected by CEOs with different levels of experience. Inexperienced CEOs are alert and cautious, deliberating on the appropriate course of action, while more experienced CEOs may rely on their past experience, ignoring the special circumstances of each deal and applying their intuition indiscriminately. The latter behaviour can be classified as overconfident and hubristic. The third analysis focuses on the value creation of large deals (> $500 mil) in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis. For the first time in academic literature, the general population of deals creates positive and significant wealth for acquirer shareholders. This outcome stands contrary to the status quo of the several decades leading up to the crisis, when the average deal was value-destroying for the acquirer. The improvement in returns holds for any type of deal that has been reported to lead to adverse stock performance. This market-wide shift connects to the recent financial crisis of 2008. The economic meltdown brought a stream of regulations in the U.S. market in an attempt to prevent the re-enactment of a similar crisis. The Dodd-Frank act improved several aspects of reporting and accountability for listed firms. The stunning improvement in corporate governance metrics and the ample testing for the effect of different factors suggest that superior corporate governance is the main factor for the new deal-performance standard.
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Grandi, Luca. "Studio di un'infrastruttura di supporto al controllo e alla gestione della circolazione dei treni nelle stazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6837/.
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Il sistema ferroviario ha sempre ricoperto un ruolo rilevante nel nostro Paese sia per il trasporto di persone, sia per il trasporto di merci: risulta, quindi, essenziale per il commercio e per il turismo.
A differenza della strada in cui i veicoli circolano “a vista”, una ferrovia richiede che i sistemi di distanziamento dei treni siano indipendenti dalla visibilità dei veicoli, poiché gli spazi di frenatura sono solitamente molto maggiori della distanza di visibilità stessa. Per questo motivo i sistemi di segnalamento e sicurezza ricoprono un ruolo di primo piano.
Nel tempo sono stati effettuati ingenti investimenti che hanno portato all'impiego di nuove tecnologie le quali hanno permesso la progettazione di sistemi safety critical contenenti componenti informatici hardware e software. La caratteristica principale di tali sistemi è la proprietà di non arrecare danno alla vita umana o all'ambiente: tale proprietà viene comunemente associata al termine anglosassone safety per distinguerla dall’accezione di "protezione da violazioni all'integrità del sistema" che il termine "sicurezza" usualmente assume.
Lo sviluppo economico e tecnologico a cui abbiamo assistito nell’ultimo ventennio ha inevitabilmente reso tali sistemi ancora più sofisticati e di conseguenza complessi, richiedendo allo stesso tempo requisiti e garanzie di buon funzionamento sempre più marcati ed articolati. È proprio a questi motivi che si devono gli studi su quella che viene definita la dependability dei sistemi di computazione, verso cui si concentrano e convogliano buona parte degli sforzi e delle risorse in fase di ricerca e progettazione.
Il lavoro di tesi che segue è stato svolto in collaborazione con due grandi imprese del territorio nazionale: RFI (Reti Ferroviarie Italiane) e Sirti.
Inizialmente abbiamo interagito con RFI per entrare nell’ambiente ferroviario ed assimilarne il lessico e i bisogni. All’interno di RFI è stato effettuato un tirocinio nel quale ci siamo occupati del “processo off-line” riguardante la gestione in sicurezza di una stazione; tale attività deve essere effettuata da RFI prima della messa in esercizio di una nuova stazione. Per far questo abbiamo dovuto utilizzare i programmi di preparazione dei dati messi a disposizione da Sirti.
In un secondo momento abbiamo approfondito l’argomentazione della safety interfacciandoci con Sirti, una delle società che forniscono sistemi safety critical computerizzati per il controllo delle stazioni. In collaborazione con essa ci siamo addentrati nel loro sistema scoprendo le loro scelte implementative e come hanno raggiunto i loro obiettivi di safety.
Infine, ci siamo occupati dell'inserimento nel sistema di una nuova funzionalità, per aumentarne l’affidabilità e la sicurezza, e delle problematiche relative all'impiego del componente che la realizza.
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Tosi, Simone <1986>. "Sublethal effects of a common neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, on honey bees: impact on locomotion and thermoregulation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6837/.
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Neonicotinoids have been pointed to as a factor responsible for the increased honey bee colony losses in the last decades. Many studies have investigated the effects of the first marketed neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, while fewer have focused on thiamethoxam. One recent study showed that sublethal doses of thiamethoxam lead to colony failure by decreasing forager homing flight success. We thus decided to investigate the mechanism which caused this phenomenon. Our hypothesis was that this effect was caused by impairment of forager locomotion abilities. Therefore we tested the effects of sublethal acute and chronic exposures to thiamethoxam on forager walking (Chapter 2) and flight (Chapter 3) performances. The acute treatment (1.34 ng/bee) affected walking locomotion firstly triggering hyperactivity (30 min post-treatment) and then impairing motor functioning (60 min post-treatment). 2-day continuous exposures to thiamethoxam (32.5, 45 ppb) elicited fewer effects on walking locomotion, however both exposure modes elicited an increased positive phototaxis. Similarly, in flight experiments, the single dose (1.34 ng/bee) elicited hyperactivity shortly after intoxication (increased flight duration and distance), while longer and continuous exposures (32.5, 45 ppb) impaired forager motor functions (decreased flight duration, distance, velocity). It is known that flight muscles temperature needs to be precisely regulated by bees during flight. Therefore, we further hypothesized that the impaired flight performances of neonicotinoid intoxicated bees were caused also by thermoregulation anomalies. We tested the effects that acute thiamethoxam exposures (0.2, 1, 2 ng/bee) elicit on forager thorax temperature (Chapter 4). Foragers treated with high doses exhibited hyperthermia or hypothermia when respectively exposed to high or low environmental temperatures.
In summary, we show that sublethal doses of thiamethoxam affected forager walking and flight locomotion, phototaxis and thermoregulation. We also display the intricate mode of action of thiamethoxam which triggered, at different extents, inverse sublethal effects in relation to time and dose.
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Manzan, Sebastiano. "Essays in nonlinear economic dynamics." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/68437.
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DiGenova, Kevin (Kevin J. ). "Design of organic Rankine cycles for conversion of waste heat in a polygeneration plant." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68937.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126).
Organic Rankine cycles provide an alternative to traditional steam Rankine cycles for the conversion of low grade heat sources, where steam cycles are known to be less efficient and more expensive. This work examines organic Rankine cycles for use in a polygeneration plant that converts coal feedstock into hydrocarbon products and electricity. Since a Fischer Tropsch reactor is the largest source of low grade heat in the polygeneration plant, rejecting heat at a constant temperature of 240°C, the analysis in this work focuses on utilizing the waste heat from this process. Organic Rankine cycles (ORC's) are modeled in MATLAB using pure substance data available from Refprop 8.0. Various working fluids are considered, with a particular focus on hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane. Hexane is the best option for the Fischer Tropsch heat source and the working fluids considered here. A set of ORC design concepts (building blocks) is developed to allow a cycle to be matched to a generic heat source, and is demonstrated using the Fischer Tropsch heat source profile. The low pressure steam Rankine cycle achieves a 20.6% conversion, while a baseline hexane organic Rankine cycle achieves a 26.2% conversion efficiency for the same Fischer Tropsch heat source. If the ORC building blocks are combined into a cycle targeted to match the temperature-enthalpy profile of the heat source, this customized hexane cycle achieves 28.5% conversion efficiency. For a polygeneration plant with a 25,000 ton per day input of coal, the conversion efficiency is improved by 0.3 to 0.5 points. Moreover, by combining the ORC building blocks identified in this work into new configurations, cycle designers can create customized organic Rankine cycles that target any heat source temperature-enthalpy profile to achieve improved conversion efficiencies.
by Kevin J. DiGenova.
S.M.
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Faulk, Joanna (Joanna E. ). "Composite materials in dynamic shipboard structural mounts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68837.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 18).
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the viability of replacing traditional metal structural and machinery mounts with padding made of composite material. The two types of padding or isolation materials are represented by steel and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer). Machinery and instruments in ships are often mounted for two main reasons: they create unwanted vibrations and they need to be isolated from shock and external vibration. In order to analyze this problem, the machinery or instrument plus its padding are modeled as a mass-spring-damper system. The results show that CFRP generally works better for vibration isolation, while steel works better for shock isolation.
by Joanna Faulk.
S.B.
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Chen, Fred (Fred Fu-Chin). "Energy-efficient wireless sensors : fewer bits, Moore MEMS." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68437.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 184 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-183).
Adoption of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology could enable improved efficiency across a variety of industries that include building management, agriculture, transportation, and health care. Most of the technical challenges of WSNs can be linked to the stringent energy constraints of each sensor node, where wireless communication and leakage energy are the doninant components of active and idle energy costs. To address these two limitations, this thesis adopts compressed sensing (CS) theory as a generic source coding framework to minimize the transmitted data and proposes the use of micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relay technology to eliminate the idle leakage. To assess the practicality of adopting CS as a source coding framework we examine the inpact of finite resources, input noise, and wireless channel impairments on the compression and reconstruction performance of CS. We show that CS, despite being a lossy compression algorithm, can realize compression factors greater than loX with no loss in fidelity for sparse signals quantized to medium resolutions. We also model the hardware costs for implementing the CS encoder and results from a test chip designed in a 90 nm CMOS process that consumes only 1.9 [mu]W for operating frequencies below 20 kHz, verifies the models. The encoder is desioned to enable continuous, on-the-fly compression that is demonstrated on electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiogram (EKG) signals to show the applicability of CS. To address sub-threshold leakage, which limits the energy performance in CMOS-based sensor nodes, we develop design methodologies towards leveraging the zero leakage characteristics of MEM relays while overcoming their slower switching speeds. Projections on scaled relay circuits show the potential for greater than loX improvements in energy efficieicy over CMOS at up to 10-100 Mops for a variety of circuit sub-systems. Experimental results demonstrating functionality for several circuit building blocks validate the viability of the technology, while feedback from these results is used to refine the device design. Incorporating all of the design elements, w present simnulation results for our most recent test chip design which implements relay-based versions of the CS encoder circuits in a 0.25 jim lithographic process showing 5X improvement over our 90 nm CMOS design.
by Fred Chen.
Ph.D.
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Manning, Isaac Hall 1958. "The urban garden : Port Alliance, Texas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68237.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-175).
This thesis focuses on of three urban parks; Central Park i n New York , the Fens to Franklin Park in Boston, and Rock Creek Park in washington, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and the growth of the cities around them. Imbedded in the histories of the parks and their cities are strategies for the development of a new town on the plains of north Texas around an airport named Alliance. A regional park system organized along the creek bottoms and flood plains surrounding Alliance can be a strong organizing element for growth in the last undeveloped quadrant of the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Not unlike the area around Alliance, Olmsted's parks were in the path of urban growth , yet each of the parks has been bounded by a diverse range of built response s from the cities that now surround them. This thesis examines the evolution of the urban edge where Olmsted's parks and their cities meet. The built domain that bounds the parks is called the Urban Garden. The Urban Garden i s a metaphorical set of ideas about how the urban edge of the city and the park interact. The variations in the Urban Gardens of New York, Boston, and Washington provide vivid examples of how cities build at the edge of urban parks. These variations of the urban edge suggest some possible futures for the parks and the city that will develop around Alliance.
by Isaac Hall Manning.
M.S.
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Minter, Susan Miriam. "Linking environmental policy with economic development : a case study in urban recycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68737.
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Lanou, Steven M. "Production and organizational learning : towards a new orientation for environmental policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68337.
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Teague, Nicole (Nicole Dawn). "Identifying the requirements of an agricultural robot for sensing and adjusting soil nutrient and pH levels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68537.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [14-15]).
The nutrient requirements of soils using in agriculture for crop production were examined to determine the needs of a robotic system used to detect and regulate the nutrition levels of the soil. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, along with pH, were chosen as the most important factors for regulation. Based on these four soil qualities, the basic functions the robot needs to be able to perform were determined.
by Nicole Teague.
S.B.
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ESQUIVEL, MERCADO ALMA DELIA, and MEJIA JUAN MANUEL VERDUZCO. "Modelo de tarificación y análisis del estado de resultados para un Seguro de Vida Universal Nivelado." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68037.
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El propósito es presentar criterios generales respecto a la cobertura de inversión de las reservas técnicas, los cuales puedan variar, dependiendo de la naturaleza de su mercado, así como de las políticas públicas que rigen al sector asegurador en cada país.
Para asegurar que una institución pueda cumplir con las obligaciones contractuales de sus asegurados, deben manejar los recursos de manera prudente, tomando en cuenta las obligaciones contraídas por la compañía y el riesgo que implican.
Debido a que las instituciones de seguros deben mantener cubiertas de manera óptima las obligaciones contraídas en beneficio de sus asegurados, es importante que el régimen de inversión que se establezca considere los riesgos a los que están expuestos las inversiones que cubren las reservas técnicas, tales como: riesgos de depreciación; riesgo de liquidez; riesgos de mercado o de tasa de interés; riesgos de crédito; riesgo de valuación de inversiones; riesgo de participación y el riesgo relacionado con el uso de instrumentos financieros derivados. Por ello es esencial establecer los parámetros encaminados a minimizar la exposición de las inversiones que cubren las reservas técnicas ante estos riesgos.
La constitución adecuada de las reservas técnicas y la inversión de las mismas bajo criterios de diversificación y liquidez apropiados constituyen una herramienta importante para la solvencia de las instituciones de seguros. De igual forma, es conveniente, como medida complementaria y de acuerdo al entorno regulatorio de cada país, mantener los recursos que respaldan los requerimientos de solvencia de las instituciones bajo un régimen de inversión lo suficientemente flexible para que otorgue una garantía adicional en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones obteniendo, al mismo tiempo una utilidad.
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Serrano, Gómez Laureano. "LA INTERVENCIÓN DE LA PROCURADURÍA AGRARIA EN LA VIDA INTERNA DEL EJIDO, ALCANCES Y PERSPECTIVAS." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68137.
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Con el presente trabajo de investigación se pretende abordar la problemática que para algunos puede sonar exageradamente repetida, sin embargo la realidad nos viene demostrando que los avances en el campo se van dando de acuerdo a la intervención de la Procuraduría Agraria al Ejido, para que tenga una mejor impartición de justicia agraria al campesino, ya que se ven distintas formas de ejercer e impartir la justicia de acuerdo a la problemática en la que se ven involucrados los ejidatarios, posesionarios, de acuerdo al lugar y a la institución agraria al que pertenezcan, tomando en cuenta el tramite a realizar.
Así como se van generando nuevas y mejores expectativas de mejor vida para los seres humanos, también se derivan consecuencias que dañan al hombre en su persona, dignidad, en su ámbito ejidal, familiar, social; Por lo que es importante ya establecer las bases legales idóneas mediante las cuales se proteja al ejidatario en su intimidad, respecto al uso, goce y disfrute de sus terrenos ejidales, en cuanto a los ejidatarios, posesionarios, para que posteriormente no sean despojados ni mucho menos sean obligados a enajenar sus terrenos, ya que su único patrimonio es el terreno con el cual obtiene la subsistencia de su familia.
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Gòmez, Delgado Yeniffer. "BENEFICIOS DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA Y EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: UNA REVISIÓN." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68337.
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En la presente investigación nos dice que la lactancia materna es la mejor forma de alimentar a los recién nacidos, ya que satisface todas sus necesidades nutricionales, inmunologicas y afectivas. La LM se debe ofrecer de manera exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses y de manera complementaria hasta los dos añosEn el presente trabajo de investigación surge de ka necesidad de hacer una contribución al estado de conocimiento actual sobre el estudio de la lactancia materna y sus beneficios en la calidad de vida y el desarrollo sostenible.
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Unesaki, Hironobu. "Study on Verification of Nuclear Data for Nuclear Design of Next Generation Thermal Reactors." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68737.
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Wasserman, Ryan J., Gwynneth F. Matcher, Tim J. F. Vink, and Pierre William Froneman. "Preliminary evidence for the organisation of a bacterial community by zooplanktivores at the top of an estuarine planktonic food web." Springer US, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68237.
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Publisher versionAs part of a larger investigation, the effect of apex predation on estuarine bacterial community structure, through trophic cascading, was investigated using experimental in situ mesocosms. Through either the removal (filtration) or addition of specific size classes of planktonic groups, four different trophic scenarios were established using estuarine water and its associated plankton. One such treatment represented a “natural” scenario in which stable apex predatory pressure was qualified. Water samples were collected over time from each of the treatments for bacterial community evaluation. These samples were assessed through pyrosequencing of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and analysed at the species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level using a community procedure. The blue-green group dominated the samples, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Samples were the most similar among treatments at the commencement of the experiment. While the bacterial communities sampled within each treatment changed over time, the deviation from initial appeared to be linked to the treatment trophic scenarios. The least temporal deviation-from-initial in bacterial community was found within the stable apex predatory pressure treatment. These findings are consistent with trophic cascade theory, whereby predators mediate interactions at multiple lower trophic levels with consequent repercussions for diversity.
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Яковлева, О. В. "Влияние состава поверхности глин на структурообразование и реологические свойства шликеров : диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук : 05.17.11." Thesis, б. и, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/68437.
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Chaur, Bernal Jairo. "Diseño conceptual de productos asistido por ordenador : Un estudio analítico sobre aplicaciones y definición de la estructura básica de un nuevo programa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6837.
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El tema de la investigación es «la creatividad en la fase conceptual del diseño de productos» y se orienta a la aplicación del ordenador como herramienta de asistencia al ingeniero de diseño. De las tres fases del proceso de diseño de productos (definición del problema, generación de conceptos y desarrollo de la mejor alternativa), es en la segunda, conocida como «síntesis», donde se da la máxima expresión de creatividad.
La hipótesis de partida afirma la posibilidad de asistir al ingeniero de diseño en esa etapa, mediante el uso de «software creativo» (que implementa técnicas, metodologías y herramientas de creatividad). El objetivo principal de esta tesis es obtener la estructura de tal tipo de software, partiendo de la identificación de características adecuadas, mediante un estudio experimental detallado, previa definición de un modelo objetivo de valoración.
Diseño se entiende aquí como el conjunto de actividades que conduce al desarrollo de una idea de producto. Mientras que la creatividad técnica es aquella que produce dos resultados complementarios: novedad y utilidad.
La revisión de las tendencias que siguen los productores de software CAD/CAM/CAE, indican que la fase del análisis, que caracteriza al diseño de detalle, sigue siendo privilegiada con respecto a la fase de diseño conceptual. Del software creativo genérico ofrecido actualmente, se hace una selección de cuatro programas representativos que desarrollan metodologías como las de brainstorming, sinéctica, mapas mentales y TRIZ.
Los modelos de medición de la creatividad se aplican a la persona, el proceso o el producto. Se seleccionó el test CREA para el primer caso. Para los otros, se realizó una adaptación de la propuesta de Shah (2003), que, junto con aportes propios, condujo a la definición del modelo de valoración de la creatividad de ideas generadas durante el proceso de diseño, con cuatro índices: flexibilidad, fluidez, elaboración y originalidad. Tal modelo facilitó la comparación gráfica y cuantitativa de las variables: tiempos por actividad y por módulo de software, cantidad total, flujo y origen de ideas, índices de creatividad y trayectoria creativa.
El factor de diseño experimental fue el tipo de software, con cinco niveles: cuatro programas y un testigo. Se realizaron cuatro repeticiones y el método utilizado fue el estudio de protocolo modificado para obtener la información de cuatro fuentes: vídeo, dibujos, archivo generado y secuencia de uso del software.
Los resultados obtenidos y su respectivo análisis permitieron identificar características relevantes de cada programa, herramientas efectivas y configuraciones más aceptadas por los diseñadores. En general, se puede afirmar que el software creativo sí propicia la generación de ideas mediante asociaciones, transformaciones o exploraciones.
Con la identificación de estas características, se desarrolló la propuesta de estructura del nuevo software, presentada en forma de maqueta. Se sustenta, en el modelo FBS (Function-Behaviour-Structure) para construir el proceso evolutivo del diseño, centrado en la «función» con sus tres roles: modelación de requerimientos, articulación entre estos y el objeto, e instrumento de evaluación del valor del objeto. Se tiene en cuenta la forma de representación del modelo de evolución funcional de Takeda (1996), con un cuerpo de función, modificadores funcionales y estructuras de solución; y el estímulo al desarrollo cíclico de etapas divergentes y convergentes (Liu et. al., 2003).
La propuesta articula dos tipos de herramientas. En el primero se incluye las técnicas de creatividad identificadas como las más eficientes. En el segundo están las bases de datos que sirven de extensión a la memoria del diseñador, de manera que disponga siempre de fuentes adecuadas para traducir o procesar las ideas generadas con las técnicas de creatividad, convirtiéndolas en ideas útiles para solucionar el problema de diseño.
The subject of this investigation is the creativity in the conceptual phase of the product design and it is oriented to the application of the computer as aid tool to design engineers.
The three phases of the product design process are: problem definition, concepts generation, and development of the best alternative. It is in the second of them, known as "synthesis", where the highest creativity expression occurs.
The main hypothesis is the affirmation of the possibility of aiding the design engineers in conceptual stage by the use of "creative software" (that implements technical, methodologies and tools of creativity). The aim of this thesis is to obtain the structure of such software by means of the definition of an objective evaluation model and then, by a detailed experimental study.
Design is understood as the set of activities that leads to the development of a product idea. Whereas the technical creativity produces two complementary results: newness and utility.
The tendencies that follow by the CAD/CAM/CAE producers, indicates that the phase of the analysis (that characterizes to the detail design), continues being privileged with respect to the conceptual design phase. Four representative programs were selected of the actual generic creative software; they develop techniques as brainstorming, synectis, mind maps and TRIZ.
The evaluation of creativity can be approached from three different points of view: the qualification of the individual (the psychological viewpoint), the process of product design (the process viewpoint) and the product designed (the product viewpoint).The "CREA" test was selected for the individual creativity evaluation. For the others viewpoints, an adaptation of the proposals of Shah & Vargas (2003) was made, that lead to the definition of the evaluation model for creativity of ideas generated during the design process, with four indices: flexibility, fluidity, elaboration and originality. Such model facilitated the graphical and quantitative comparison of variables: times by activity and software module; total amount, flow and origin of ideas; indices of creativity and creative trajectory.
The factor of experimental design was the type of software, with five levels: four programs and a witness. Four repetitions were made and the used method was the study of protocol, modified to obtain the data of four sources: video, drawings, generated file and sequence of use of software.
The results and their respective analysis allowed to identify the best characteristics of each program, effective tools and configurations more accepted by the designers. In general, it is possible to be affirmed that creative software is useful for generation of ideas by means of associations, transformations or explorations.
With the identification of these characteristics, the mock-up of the new software structure is presented. It is sustained, in the FBS model (Function-Behaviour-Structure), to construct the evolutionary process of the design, where the function plays its three roles: modelling of requirements, fit between these and the object, and instrument for object evaluation. The representation form of the Takeda's (1996) functional evolution was considered, with a function body, functional modifiers and structures of solution; and the stimulus to the cyclical development of divergent and convergent stages (Liu et al., 2003).
The proposal articulates two types of tools. In first one includes the most efficient techniques of creativity identified in the experimental study. In the second, there are the data bases, useful as extension to the designer memory, so that he or she, always has suitable sources to translate or to process the ideas generated with the creativity techniques, turning them useful ideas to solve the design problem.
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Garfinkel, Maurice. "Minimizing Multi-zone Orders in the Correlated Storage Assignment Problem." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6837.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental issue in warehouse operations is the storage location of the products it contains. Placing products intelligently within the system can allow for great reductions in order pick costs. This is essential because order picking is a major cost of warehouse operations. For example, a study by Drury conducted in the UK found that 63% of warehouse operating costs are due to order picking. When orders contain a single item, the COI rule of Heskett is an optimal storage policy. This is not true when orders contain multiple line items because no information is used about what products are ordered together. In this situation, products that are frequently ordered together should be stored together. This is the basis of the correlated storage assignment problem.
Several previous researchers have considered how to form such clusters of products with an ultimate objective of minimizing travel time. In this dissertation, we focus on the alternate objective of minimizing multi-zone orders. We present a mathematical model and discuss properties of the problem. A Lagrangian relaxation solution approach is discussed. In addition, we both develop and adapt several heuristics from the literature to give upper bounds for the model.
A cyclic exchange improvement method is also developed. This exponential size neighborhood can be efficiently searched in polynomial time. Even for poor initial solutions, this method finds solutions which outperform the best approaches from the literature.
Different product sizes, stock splitting, and rewarehousing are problem features that our model can handle. The cyclic exchange algorithm is also modified to allow these operating modes. In particular, stock splitting is a difficult issue which most previous research in correlated storage ignores. All of our algorithms are implemented and tested on data from a functioning warehouse. For all data sets, the cyclic exchange algorithm outperforms COI, the standard industry approach, by an average of 15%.
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Ferdous, Arundhoti. "Comparative Analysis of Tag Estimation Algorithms on RFID EPC Gen-2 Performance." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6837.
Full textAbstract:
In a passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) system the reader communicates with the tags using the EPC Global UHF Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC Gen-2) protocol with dynamic framed slotted ALOHA. Due to the unique challenges presented by a low-power, random link, the channel efficiency of even the most modern passive RFID system is less than 40%. Hence, a variety of methods have been proposed to estimate the number of tags in the environment and set the optimal frame size. Some of the algorithms in the literature even claim system efficiency beyond 90%. However, these algorithms require fundamental changes to the underlying protocol framework which makes them ineligible to be used with the current hardware running on the EPC Gen-2 platform and this infrastructure change of the existing industry will cost billions of dollars. Though numerous types of tag estimation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, none had their performance analyzed thoroughly when incorporated with the industry standard EPC Gen-2. In this study, we focus on some of the algorithms which can be utilized on today’s current hardware with minimal modifications. EPC Gen-2 already provides a dynamic platform in adjusting frame sizes based on subsequent knowledge of collision slots in a given frame. We choose some of the popular probabilistic tag estimation algorithms in the literature such as Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) – I, and DFSA – II, and rule based algorithms such as two conditional tag estimation (2CTE) method and incorporate them with EPC Gen-2 using different strategies to see if they can significantly improve channel efficiency and dynamicity. The results from each algorithm are also evaluated and compared with the performance of pure EPC Gen-2. It is important to note that while integrating these algorithms with EPC Gen-2 to modify the frame size, the protocol is not altered in any substantial way. We also kept the maximum system efficiency for any MAC layer protocol using DFSA as the upper bound to have an impartial comparison between the algorithms. Finally, we present a novel and comprehensive analysis of the probabilistic tag estimation algorithms (DFSA-I & DFSA-II) in terms of their statistically significant correlations between channel efficiency, algorithm estimation accuracy and algorithm utilization rate as the existing literature only look at channel efficiency with no auxiliary analysis. In this study, we use a scalable and flexible simulation framework and created a light-weight, verifiable Gen-2 simulation tool to measure these performance parameters as it is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate system performance analytically. This framework can easily be used to test and compare more algorithms in the literature with Gen-2 and other DFSA based approaches.
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Dopp, Austin. "Relative Effects of Sleep Hygiene Behavior and Physical Exercise on Sleep Quality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous studies have shown the relationship between sleep and overall health. A common measure of sleep is sleep quality which has been shown to be influenced by a variety of factors such as physical activity, diet, stress, social engagement, cognitive stimulating, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Data was analyzed from a previous study to determine whether trying to change one’s sleep would improve sleep quality and if this was more effective than physical exercise. A group of 104 individuals, randomized to the treatment group, were asked to log their daily activities, via smartphone app, within these six behavioral domains for six months. Behavioral change scores were computed as the difference between six-month behavioral level and baseline behavioral level, for each of the six domains. Factor analysis that revealed that two latent factors explained the majority of the variance in behavioral change, with a "Physical Body Related behavior change” factor ("Physical") and a "Mental/Emotional" behavior change factor ("Mental"). In linear regression models, Physical significantly predicted sleep quality improvement over the six months (p=.029), but Mental did not (p=.606). In the middle aged adults in this study, the behavioral change pattern of increasing diet quality and physical activity, significantly predicted improvements in sleep quality. While efforts to improve one's cognitive and emotional well-being were not found to predict to sleep improvement, they still may be important for cognitive health overall. This information can prove useful as different interventions and programs are implemented to improve sleep in the population.
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Cortijo, Ocaña Antonio. "Edición modernizada y anotada del manuscrito de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid de El acierto en el engaño y robador de su honra de Luis de Belmonte Bermúdez." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6837.
Full textAbstract:
This M.A. thesis presents a modernized edition of the play El acierto en el engano y robador de su honra, written in the 17th century by Luis de Belmonte Bermudez. The play is extant in the MS. 15009 of the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid and has not been previously edited. The Thesis contains an introduction, in which the most relevant problems of the edition are discussed, including, for example, the fact that the MS. was greatly censored. The text is on occasions difficult to read and presents some problems when deciding which parts should be included and which excluded. Three different scribes can be distinguished and the study of their handwriting and work is one of the most outstanding problems of this edition. The second part of the Thesis consists of the actual edition of the play. The punctuation and the orthography have been modernized, except in those cases where the phonetics of the text could be affected. The third part contains philological and paleographical annotations, intended to clarify different aspects of the MS. and obscure passages. The philological notes attempt to elucidate the meaning of cultured references, ambiguous sentences, ... and try to shed light on some grammatical aspects of the language of the text.
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Holly, Janice E. "Irving Lowens and the Washington Star the vision, the demise /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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伊勢田, 哲治, and Tetsuji Iseda. "ベイズ主義の社会化はいかにあるべきか - リーバイのモデルの検討を通して -." 京都大学文学研究科科学哲学科学史研究室, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6837.
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Riley, Sarah. "Fixed-jaw effects on tongue kinematics & vowel acoustics in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6837.
Full textAbstract:
This research examined tongue movements during speech in individuals with
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and controls under two speech conditions: (1) typical (jawfree)
and (2) bite block (jaw-fixed). The rationale of this study was based on previous reports
that the tongue is differentially more affected than the jaw or lips by neuromuscular deterioration
due to ALS; however, its impairment may be masked by compensatory jaw movements
implemented to maintain speech function.
To determine bite block effects on speech movements, the time to reach the maximum
tongue position during the production of /i/ was measures. Further, the maximum tongue
positions during the production of /i/ and the speech acoustic measures (F1/F2) of the vowel /i/
were measured.
The time to the target position increased from the jaw-free to the jaw-fixed condition in
all speakers with ALS. In contrast, two of three controls took less time to reach the target during
the jaw-fixed than the jaw-free condition. Speakers with ALS tended to undershoot the target
position to a greater extent than controls. However, relative change in vowel acoustics was
greater for healthy controls than speakers with ALS. Differences in tongue performance between
jaw-free and jaw-fixed conditions suggest that the tongue should be assessed in isolation of the
jaw to better understand the impact of the disease on tongue speech performance. Further, little
acoustic differences between experimental conditions suggest that acoustic measures are not
sensitive to reflect underlying articulatory performance differences between healthy and
impaired speakers with ALS.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders
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Hanham, D. E. "The impact of introduced diseases in the pre-Treaty period 1790-1840." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Maori, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6837.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the impact of infectious introduced diseases on pre-Treaty Maori society. It addresses significant gaps in the current literature including consideration of the Pacific context from a microbiological perspective and modem analysis of an inadequate primary New Zealand literature on which present views of Maori health rely. The premise of the thesis is that few diseases could have been imported into New Zealand with the initial Polynesian immigrants, and that the impact of European introduced infectious diseases would have been greater than has been previously realised. The thesis evaluates the incidence of introduced infectious diseases, including the development of immunity, and the impact on Maori beliefs about causality and transmission, and in particular the question of whether the attribution of lung disease to an entrail-eating atua was a post-contact development. The thesis argues that rather than, as previously thought, a wholly pre-contact concept, the idea of the flesh eating lizard god was an attempt to comprehend tuberculosis, and was specific to tuberculosis. The thesis further argues while Maori initially blamed many of the diseases on 'European atua', reflecting the multiplicity of gods in their own culture, as interaction with missionaries increased the blame began to swing to the European God, and his priests, the missionaries. In response to the perception of the power of this god Papahurihia of Northland developed an anti-missionary doctrine based on biblical ideas in which the serpent of Genesis is revealed as the most powerful god. This, it is argued, is a development of the association of lizard gods with introduced tubercular disease.
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Mock, Philip J. "Measuring Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Adequacy in Supporting Naval Operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedWe uses the existing outputs of the Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Planner tool to (1) assess the minimum level of support required for a specified force in a multi-stage naval combat scenario and (2) compare CLF adequacy, surplus mission capability, and logistics shortfalls that a minimum level of support provides to combat forces of varying compositions. We examine the potential impact of the transition from a traditional nuclear-powered aircraft carrier strike group to a more distributed conventionally-powered one. We find that the logistical demands of a small conventionally powered carrier strike group with comparable striking power require significant increases in CLF end strength, and therefore that logistical supportability must be an integral part of future fleet planning.
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Barnhart, Tei. "Conceptual frameworks and models for effective delivery of distance education : a planning aid tool derived from multiple case studies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6837.
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Strydom, Verena Zita. "The support needs of life orientation teachers in the Further Education and Training Band." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African youth are confronted by a range of challenges on a daily basis which can potentially evolve into serious barriers to learning and development. Life Orientation is a critical subject offered by the Further Education and Training (FET) band as it aims to prevent the development of such problems. Furthermore, the role played by the teacher in successfully and meaningfully presenting Life Orientation is a pivotal one. This study therefore aimed at understanding the support needs of Life Orientation teachers in the FET band in order to gain insight into the challenges experienced and what recommendations can be made to improve support to teachers, and consequently, learners. The theoretical framework on which this study was based was positive psychology as its emphasis on the fostering of positive individual traits, emotions and institutions is an appropriate and constructive way of understanding teachers’ support needs within their school communities. This study’s research methodology can be described as basic qualitative research which is embedded within an interpretive paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select three schools and their Life Orientation departments as research participants. Three methods of data collection were employed, namely written reflective notes and semistructured focus group- and individual interviews. Furthermore, qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The research findings indicated that Life Orientation teachers in the FET band experience a range of support needs across the various levels within the school community. Teachers experience a tension between the expectations of the Department of Education, the needs of the learners, and their own expectations with regards to the facilitation of a community of care within the Life Orientation classroom. Support therefore needs to be aimed at increasing teachers’ competencies and providing opportunities to collaborate with other teachers to develop positive individual traits and foster positive emotions. Furthermore, school communities need to become aware of their attitudes and perceptions towards the subject so as to initiate processes which can lead to the promotion and development of positive, supportive institutions. A critical step in doing so is to consider policies regarding the appointment of Life Orientation teachers and ensure that qualified, specialist teachers who believe in the value of the subject are employed in these posts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse jeug word daagliks gekonfronteer met ‘n wye spektrum uitdagings wat potensiëel tot ernstige hindernisse vir leer en ontwikkeling kan ontwikkel. Lewensoriëntering is ’n noodsaaklike vak in die Verdere Onderwys en Opleidingsband (VOO) juis omdat dit poog om die ontwikkeling van hierdie hindernisse te verhoed. Die rol van die opvoeder in die suksesvolle en betekenisvolle aanbieding van Lewensoriëntering is deuslaggewend. Daarom poog hierdie studie om die ondersteuningsbehoeftes van Lewensoriënteringopvoeders te verstaan ten einde insig te verkry in die uitdagings wat hulle ondervind. Sodoende kan aanbevelings gemaak word vir die ondersteuning van opvoeders wat dan sal deurvloei na die leerders. Die teoretiese raamwerk van hierdie studie is positiewe sielkunde, aangesien dit die ontwikkeling van positiewe individuele kenmerke, emosies en organisasies beklemtoon. Dit is dus ’n toepaslike en konstruktiewe manier om die ondersteuningsbehoeftes van opvoeders binne hulle skoolgemeenskappe te verstaan. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, kan beskryf word as basiese kwalitatiewe navorsing binne ’n interpretivistiese paradigma. ’n Doelgerigte steekproef is gebruik om drie skole en hul Lewensoriënteringdepartemente as deelnemers te identifiseer. Drie metodes van data-insameling is gebruik, naamlik geskrewe reflektiewe notas, semigestruktureerde fokusgroeponderhoude en individuele onderhoude. Verder is kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise gebruik om die data te analiseer. Die navorsingsbevindinge het aangedui dat Lewensoriënteringopvoeders in die VOO band ’n wye verskeidenheid ondersteuningsbehoeftes binne die verskillende vlakke van die skoolgemeenskap ervaar. Opvoeders ervaar spanning tussen die verwagtinge van die Departement van Onderwys, die behoeftes van leerders en hul eie verwagtinge met betrekking tot die fassilitering van ’n omgeegemeenskap in die Lewensoriënteringklaskamer. Ondersteuning behoort dus te poog om die bevoegdhede van die opvoeder te verbeter en geleenthede daar te stel vir die ontwikkeling van positiewe individuele kenmerke en die vestiging van positiewe emosies. Verder behoort skoolgemeenskappe meer bewus te raak van hul persepsies en houdings teenoor die vak ten einde prosesse in plek te kan stel vir die bevordering en ontwikkeling van positiewe organisasies. ’n Kritiese stap in die bereiking hiervan, is die oorweging van beleide met betrekking tot die aanstelling van Lewensoriënteringopvoeders en die versekering dat gekwalifiseerde, gespesialiseerde opvoeders wat in die waarde van die vak glo, in hierdie poste aangestel word.
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Lévesque, Simon. "Épidémiologie moléculaire des entérites à Campylobacter en Estrie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé : Le Campylobacter est la première cause de gastro-entérites bactériennes dans les pays
industrialisés. La grande majorité des cas sont des infections sporadiques dont la source
est rarement identifiée. Le Campylobacter fait partie de la flore intestinale normale
d’une large diversité d’animaux et peut également se retrouver dans l’eau. Le but de
mon projet de recherche était d’étudier l’épidémiologie clinique et moléculaire des
infections à Campylobacter en Estrie afin de déterminer les principales sources
d’infections sporadiques et de comparer les génotypes des isolats de Campylobacter
selon les différentes niches écologiques. Nous avons déterminé le profil de sensibilité
aux antibiotiques d’isolats de différentes sources. Nous avons observé un haut taux de
résistance à l’érythromycine et à la tétracycline et un faible taux de résistance à la
ciprofloxacine chez les isolats de poulet, pouvant refléter l’utilisation de ces
antibiotiques dans cet élevage. Le fait que le taux de résistance à l’érythromycine parmi
les isolats humains soit significativement moins élevé que chez les isolats de poulet
suggérait l’importance d’autres sources de Campylobacter chez l’humain. Afin de
déterminer quelle méthode de typage moléculaire serait la mieux adaptée pour notre
devis de recherche, nous avons comparé quatre méthodes (AFLP, MLST, typage du
gène fla et EGCP). Seul le MLST a pu attribuer des isolats humains à des niches
écologiques particulières comme le poulet, le lait cru et l’eau. Afin d’optimiser la
technique de MLST, nous avons développé un système complémentaire basé sur le
HRM, qui est beaucoup plus rapide et moins coûteux que le MLST. Nous avons
démontré que le HRM a le potentiel de complémenter les méthodes d’analyses basées
sur du séquençage pour l’étude des mutations ponctuelles et de faciliter une vaste
gamme d’études basées sur des méthodes génotypiques, telle la détection de mutations
ponctuelles qui confèrent de la résistance aux antibiotiques. Nous avons entrepris par la
suite une étude cas-cas et un vaste projet d’isolement et de caractérisation moléculaire
de souches de Campylobacter en Estrie, afin de véritablement cerner les mécanismes de
transmission de la bactérie et de comparer les sources d’infections sporadiques chez les
cas acquis en régions rurales vs urbaines. Nous avons confirmé que le poulet était
responsable de la majorité des cas de campylobactérioses. Cependant, nos résultats
suggèrent que la saisonnalité ainsi que le gradient urbain-rural de la campylobactériose
sont dus à l’exposition aux souches bovines, particulièrement chez le groupe d’âge des
15-34 ans via l’exposition professionnelle. Par la détermination des sources
d’infections, nous avons établi des pistes d’interventions utilisables par les autorités de
santé publique, afin de diminuer l’incidence de la campylobactériose au Québec.Abstract : Campylobacteriosis is the leading notifiable enteric disease in industrialised countries. It colonizes a wide range of animal which in turn spread the disease. The majority of campylobacteriosis cases are sporadic infections for which the source is rarely apparent. The main goal of my research project is to determine contamination sources of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, to identify the sources and routes of transmission and to establish the main sources of sporadic infections. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter isolates in order to predict which bacterial population will be resistant, caused by antimicrobial selective pressure administered to the host. High levels of resistance of chicken isolates to erythromycin and tetracycline, and low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin reflect the use of the former antibiotics in animal husbandry. The fact that the erythromycin and tetracycline resistance levels were significantly lower among human isolates suggests that other transmission sources are important for human infection. In order to determine which molecular typing method will be the most relevant for our research design, we compared four typing methods (AFLP, MLST,/7a typing and PFGE). Only MLST has the potential to link isolates to a particular ecological niche, such as chicken, raw milk and water. In order to optimize MLST, we developed a complementary system based on HRM. We demonstrated that HRM has the potential to complement the analysis methods based on sequencing for SNP and facilitate a wide range of studies based on genotypic methods. We have subsequently undertaken a major project of isolation and molecular characterization of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, in order to truly understand the mechanisms of transmission of the bacteria and determine the source of sporadic cases. We confirmed that chicken was responsible for the majority of cases of campylobacteriosis. However, we have shown that the urban-rural gradient of campylobacteriosis in the Eastern Townships could be explained by exposure to bovine, especially for the 15-34 year old age group through occupational exposure. By the identification of infection sources, we proposed courses of action that could be used by public health authorities to reduce the incidence of campylobacteriosis in Quebec.
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Dias, Diogo André Costa Messias. "Estudo da valorização de cinzas de biomassa na produção de materiais para a construção de recifes artificiais." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6837.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Energia e BioenergiaA utilização de betão, com cinzas de biomassa incorporadas, em estruturas de protecção costeira, é algo que tem vindo a ser estudado (Lukens e Selberg, 2004). Os recifes artificiais multifuncionais são uma solução recente de protecção costeira que também promove a biodiversidade de espécies e cria condições favoráveis à prática de desportos de ondas (Ranasingue, 2006; Almeida, 2007; Voorde et al., 2008; Mendonça et al., 2010; ASR Limited, 2011). O objectivo deste trabalho centrou-se em desenvolver diversas formulações de betão, com cinzas de biomassa incorporadas, cuja finalidade é ser utilizado em recifes artificiais. Foram recolhidas cinzas de fundo e cinzas volantes de uma central de valorização térmica de resíduos de biomassa florestal, com combustão em LFB. As cinzas foram fraccionadas granulometricamente e as suas fracções granulométricas foram submetidas a uma lixiviação com razão L/S = 10 L/kg (EN 12457-2) e a uma digestão ácida (USEPA 3051A) e alcalina (USEPA 3060A). Os lixiviados e os digeridos de cada fracção foram caracterizados do ponto de vista químico. Os lixiviados foram ainda caracterizados do ponto de vista ecotoxicológico. O teor de metais foi mais elevado nas fracções de menor dimensão granulométrica das cinzas de fundo e volantes, sendo, maioritariamente, compostos por metais alcalinos ou alcalino-terrosos. De um modo geral, os metais apresentaram maior solubilidade nas fracções de maior dimensão granulométrica. Segundo o CEMWE (ADEME, 1998), todas as fracções foram classificadas como ecotóxicas, à excepção da fracção >10000 μm das cinzas de fundo. Verificou-se uma tendência para a ecotoxicidade diminuir com o aumento da dimensão da granulometria das fracções. Foram também preparadas treze formulações de betão, uma de referência e doze com diferentes percentagens de cinzas volantes e cinzas de fundo, que substituíram o cimento e os agregados, respectivamente. As formulações foram submetidas a ensaios de compressão mecânica após 28, 60 e 90 dias de maturação. Verificou-se um aumento da resistência mecânica dos betões ao longo do tempo. Para além da formulação de referência (F1), foram seleccionadas duas formulações para serem analisadas posteriormente, segundo o seguinte critério de selecção: i) a formulação de betão que apresentasse a maior resistência mecânica e ii) a formulação de betão que permitisse maximizar a relação percentagens de substituição/resistência mecânica. A primeira formulação seleccionada tinha 10% de substituição de cimento por cinzas volantes e 40% de substituição de agregados por cinzas de fundo (F4). A segunda formulação seleccionada tinha 30% de substituição de cimento por cinzas volantes e 40% de substituição de agregados por cinzas de fundo (F12). As formulações seleccionadas foram submetidas a dois ensaios de lixiviação L/S = 10 L/kg (EN 12457-2). Num dos ensaios utilizou-se uma água marinha sintética (meio ASPM) como agente lixiviante e no outro utilizou-se, como agente lixiviante, uma água dulciaquícola sintética (ISO 6341). Os lixiviados produzidos foram submetidos a uma caracterização química e ecotoxicológica. Em ambos os lixiviados, e para todas as formulações caracterizadas, não foi evidenciada qualquer ecotoxicidade, segundo o CEMWE (ADEME, 1998). O objectivo proposto inicialmente foi atingido, pois obtiveram-se betões com resistências mecânicas adequadas à aplicação a que se destinam, reduzidas emissões químicas e níveis de ecotoxicidade inexistentes ou muito reduzidos.
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Rodrigues, Sandra Fátima Gomes Barreira. "Análise das atitudes dos enfermeiros face ao idoso, com vista à tomada de decisão: o caso do distrito de Bragança." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/6837.
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Em Portugal, à semelhança das sociedades desenvolvidas, verifica-se um envelhecimento crescente da população, prevendo-se um acréscimo considerável de pessoas com idade superior a 65 anos.
Envelhecer implica para a maioria dos idosos perdas importantes, e consequentemente mais intervenções especializadas de cuidados de saúde. Compreender o envelhecimento como um processo dinâmico, conduz a uma mudança de atitude em relação ao idoso e permite ao enfermeiro assumir um papel inovador e relevante no cuidar.
A temática das atitudes é importante, pois dá conta da relação directa dos comportamentos adoptados pelos enfermeiros para com as pessoas idosas.
As atitudes são entendidas como disposições favoráveis ou desfavoráveis face a objectos, pessoas ou acontecimentos, salientando ainda que as atitudes face ao trabalho ou à organização têm efeitos na prestação de serviços, na qualidade de vida e influencia a concretização dos objectivos pessoais e empresariais.
Ao pretender analisar as atitudes dos enfermeiros que exercem funções no distrito de Bragança face ao idoso, objectivo da presente investigação, realizou-se um estudo de observação, analítico, transversal e do tipo quantitativo tendo-se aplicado um inquérito por questionário utilizando a escala AKPI (Atitudes de Kogan para com as Pessoas Idosas).
Dos principais resultados destaca-se que os enfermeiros mais jovens têm menos tempo na categoria, têm mais habilitações académicas e os que trabalham na docência têm atitudes mais favoráveis face ao idoso. Os enfermeiros que exercem funções nas Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados (UCCI) são na globalidade jovens e apresentam atitudes bastante favoráveis perante o idoso, enquanto os enfermeiros que trabalham em Lares têm as atitudes mais desfavoráveis.
Face às actuais contingências demográficas e tendo em vista a satisfação do cliente, neste caso o idoso, a decisão com vista a recrutamento e ou mobilidade de enfermeiros, por parte do gestor, poderá recair na analise das atitudes do enfermeiro face ao idoso. En Portugal, al igual que en las sociedades desarrolladas, hay un creciente envejecimiento de la población, se espera un aumento considerable en las personas mayores de 65 años.
El envejecimiento implica grandes pérdidas para la mayoría de los ancianos, y el cuidado por consiguiente más especializado en salud. Entender el envejecimiento como un proceso dinámico conduce a un cambio de actitud del enfermero hacia las personas mayores y le permite al enfermero tomar un papel innovador en el cuidado.
La temática de las actitudes es importante porque en ella se percibe la relación directa de la conducta adquirida por el personal de enfermería hacia los mayores. Las actitudes son vistas como favorables o desfavorables frente a objetos, personas u ocurrencias, haciendo hincapié en que las actitudes hacia el trabajo o la organización tienen un impacto en la prestación de servicios, calidad de vida e influyen en la concretización de los objetivos a nivel personal y de empresa.
Al querer estudiar las actitudes del enfermero empleado en el distrito de Braganza hacia los mayores, objetivo de esta investigación, se llevo a cabo un estudio de observación transversal analítico y cuantitativo, realizando una encuesta utilizando la escala AKPI (Kogan actitudes hacia las personas mayores). Cabe destacar de los resultados que los enfermeros más jóvenes tienen menos tiempo en el ámbito, tienen más nivel académico y los que trabajan en la enseñanza tienen actitudes muy favorables hacia los mayores. Los enfermeros que prestan servicios en Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados, son en general jóvenes y presentan actitudes bastante favorables hacia los mayores, mientras que los que trabajan en residencias tienen actitudes más desfavorables.
Teniendo en cuenta las contingencias demográficas y la satisfacción del cliente, en este caso, los mayores, que el gerente intervenga en la decisión de contratar y movilizar el personal de enfermería, puede influir en el análisis de las actitudes del enfermero en relación a las personas mayores. In Portugal, like the developed societies, there is a growing ageing population, with a considerable increase of people aged over 65 years.
Ageing implies for most elderly major losses, requiring increasingly specialized interventions in the area of health care. Understanding the aging as a dynamic process, leads to a change of attitude towards the elderly and allows the nurse take an innovative and relevant role in care.
The theme of attitudes is important because it gives account of the direct relationship of behaviour adopted by nurses for the elderly.
Attitudes are understood as provisions favourable or unfavourable towards objects, people or events, noting that the attitudes to work or the organisation have effect on the provision of services, quality of life and influences the achievement of personal and business objectives.
When you want to examine the attitudes of nurses from Bragança against the elderly, objective of this research, conducted a study of analytical cross-sectional observation, and quantitative type having applied a survey by questionnaire using the scale AKPI (Kogan attitudes towards older people). The main results stands out that the younger nurses have less time in the category, have more academic qualifications and those who work in teaching have more favourable attitudes towards older people. Nurses serving in long-term integreted care units are in the overall youth and present fairly favourable attitudes towards the elderly, while nurses who work in nursing homes have more unfavourable attitudes.
Given the current demographic and contingencies towards customer satisfaction, in this case the elderly, the decision with a view to recruiting and or mobility of nurses by the Manager, can fall in the analysis of attitudes of nurse face the elderly.
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Egoavil, Santana Abigael Tavita. "Ansiedad y rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de 3ro, 4to y 5to año de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación de la Universidad Peruana Los Andes." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6837.
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Constituye un esfuerzo por conocer la relación entre la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico, la cual forma parte de la problemática actual. Se ejecuta con el método descriptivo y el diseño correlacional, en una muestra de 140 estudiantes; los datos acerca de la ansiedad son recopilados con las técnicas de encuesta y psicometría, mediante el cuestionario para encuesta y la escala tipo Likert. Para la variable rendimiento académico se toman los resultados reportados por los docentes en las actas de evaluación del ciclo 2015 - I. Para hallar la correlación se utiliza la r de Pearson y para determinar el nivel de significación la T de Student de correlación. En conclusión, se establece que existe una relación inversa y significativa entre la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de 3ro, 4to y 5to año de la escuela académico profesional de ingeniería de sistemas y computación de la Universidad Peruana los Andes.Tesis
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Gomes, Victor Márcio Laus Reis. "Uma leitura comunicacional da estratégia na perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6837.
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Previous issue date: 2014This thesis presents a communicational approach to the organizational strategy. As a traditional object of administrative and economic approaches, the strategy was investigated from an epistemic-methodological perspective which emphasized communication. Grounded in the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, in the social dimension of language and in the discursive approach of Eliseo Verón, the systemic-discursive perspective enabled the exploration of communication elements, which were articulated in a theoretical model focused on understanding the organizational strategy. Based on the systemic-discursive perspective, the organization was understood as a social system consisted of communication in the form of decision. From this conception of organization, it was possible to arrive at a set of procedural elements that appears to contribute to organization’s creation and maintenance. These elements were articulated in a theoretical model which we called decisional communication network. Understanding that organizational strategy consists of decisions facing the differentiation and growth of the organization, we discuss how these decisions are interconnected and self-referentialized in systemicdiscursive processes. To illustrate the model application we explored and analyzed texts on the strategy of an organization: the Grupo Paquetá.
Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem comunicacional para a compreensão da estratégia organizacional. Consagrada como objeto de abordagens administrativas e econômicas, a estratégia foi investigada a partir de uma perspectiva epistêmicometodológica que privilegia a comunicação. Fundamentada na teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann, na dimensão social da linguagem e na teoria discursiva de Eliseo Verón, a perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva possibilitou a exploração de elementos comunicacionais, que foram articulados em um modelo teórico voltado para a compreensão da estratégia. Com base na perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva, a organização foi compreendida como um sistema social constituído por comunicação em forma de decisão. A partir dessa concepção comunicacional da organização, foi possível chegarmos a um conjunto de elementos processuais que parecem contribuir para sua criação e manutenção. Esses elementos foram articulados no modelo teórico, que denominamos rede decisória comunicacional. Considerando que a estratégia organizacional é formada por decisões voltadas para a diferenciação e para o crescimento da organização, discutimos como essas decisões se interconectam e se autorreforçam em processos sistêmico-discursivos. Para exemplificar a aplicação do modelo, foram reunidos e explorados textos sobre a estratégia de uma organização: o Grupo Paquetá.
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Stefens, Josemar Luis. "Caracterização molecular de compostos orgânicos biogênicos e antropogênicos em sedimentos da lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Rio de Janeiro (RJ)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6837.
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Compostos lipídicos (hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs), esteróis, álcoois e ácidos graxos) foram identificados e quantificados nos extratos de sedimentos recentes da Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas através da cromatografia a gás com detector seletivo de massas (GC-MSD). A determinação do perfil dos compostos lipídicos foi útil para avaliação do ambiente deposicional da área de estudo, identificando as fontes de origem biogênica e antropogênica. As contribuições autóctone e alóctone foram caracterizadas na área de estudo através da determinação dos biomarcadores lipídicos nos sedimentos. A contribuição autóctone foi caracterizada pela presença de organismos aquáticos como: fitoplâncton, zooplâncton, bactérias e dinoflagelados. A elevada eutroficação das águas, devido à alta produção primária, foi confirmada pelos biomarcadores destes organismos aquáticos identificados nos sedimentos. A contribuição alóctone foi evidenciada pela detecção de biomarcadores de vegetais superiores nos sedimentos devido à influência da Floresta Atlântica inserida na região de estudo. Contaminação por esgoto na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas foi detectada devido à presença do coprostanol nos sedimentos analisados. Esta contaminação foi atribuída ao lançamento ilegal de esgoto não tratado na rede pluvial que deságua na lagoa. Contaminação por derivados de petróleo foi constatada através da análise dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nos sedimentos. As atividades antropogênicas relacionadas ao derramamento e a queima incompleta de combustíveis fósseis foram atribuídas a atividades irregulares dos postos de combustíveis e ao intenso tráfego de veículos próximos a Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.
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Koch, Timothy C. "Organisational climate and its effect on job engagement: exploring the mediating effect of employees level of job satisfaction." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6837.
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This study examined two under-researched organisational climate facets, integration and family-focused supervisor support, as predictors of employees' job engagement. It further set out to explore the extent to which job satisfaction mediated these relationships. Results were based on self-reported survey data from 226 South African employees in the publishing, distribution and advertising industries. Standard multiple regression analysis showed that climates of both integration and family-focused supervisor support were significant predictors of job engagement. Baron and Kenny's four-step approach to mediation revealed that job satisfaction fully meditated the relationships between each of the organisational climate facets and job engagement. Implications for organisational climate research and managers are discussed.
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Jacobson, Herbert Paul. "Folding of stratigraphic layers in ice domes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6837.
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Hinson, Rodney Buddy Allee Gary Layton 1944. "Net energy content of soybean meal and glycerol for growing and finishing pigs." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6837.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Gary L. Allee. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Flynn, Sean A. "Adaptive Fluid Simulation Using a Linear Octree Structure." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6837.
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An Eulerian approach to fluid flow provides an efficient, stable paradigm for realistic fluid simulation. However, its traditional reliance on a fixed-resolution grid is not ideal for simulations that simultaneously exhibit both large and small-scale fluid phenomena. Octree-based fluid simulation approaches have provided the needed adaptivity, but the inherent weakness of a pointer-based tree structure has limited their effectiveness. We present a linear octree structure that provides a significant runtime speedup using these octree-based simulation algorithms. As memory prices continue to decline, we leverage additional memory when compared to traditional octree structures to provide this improvement. In addition to reducing the level of indirection in the data, because our linear octree is stored contiguously in memory as a simple C array rather than a recursive set of pointers, we provide a more cache-friendly data layout than a traditional octree. In our testing, our approach yielded run-times that were 1.5 to nearly 5 times faster than the same simulations running on a traditional octree implementation.
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Mayer, Linda. "Analysis of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents using the interRAI-LTCF in a long-term care facility in the Cape metropole in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6837.
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Magister Curationis - MCurWorldwide concerns have been raised about the presence and association of depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia in older adults (60 years and older), which are often unrecognised and untreated in long-term care facilities (LTCF’s). The progression of cognitive impairment to dementia reduces quality of life with negative consequences of physical, mental, and psychosocial health. In many LTCF’s internationally, the standardised interRAI system is used to capture depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. However, there is a fragmentation of systems for making evidence-based decisions to plan and manage care for residents with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This study, being the first of its kind in South Africa, addressed this gap, by describing a profile of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents, and analysing their coexistence, using the interRAI-LTCF in a LTCF in the Cape Metropole in South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using the records of all 173 resident’s medical records of residents with a last interRAI-LTCF assessment from 2014 and 2016. The objectives were to determine the levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment, and to assess variously associated demographics and clinical variables between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment of the interRAI-LTCF in residents in a LTCF. Secondary data were analysed, using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25, to test any statistically significant relationship between the extracted variables (Significance was set as p˂0.05). The prevalence of possible depression, using the Depression Rating Scale (DRS) of the interRAI-LTCF in the residents in this study was 36.4%, of whom 54.3% had a documented clinical diagnosis of depression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 39.3%, using the Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), of whom 34.1% had a documented clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment/dementia. There were more females than males with the possibility for depression and cognitive impairment, especially in those who were older than 80 years of age, those without partners, and who had ≤12 years of education. The DRS and the CPS were able to predict the possibility for depression and CI. There is a 55.9% risk of possible depression with CI present as compared to a 23.8% risk of possible depression when CI is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for CI on the CPS are 2.3 times more likely to meet the criteria for possible depression on the DRS. Similarly, there is a 60.3% risk of CI with possible depression present as compared to a 27.3% risk of CI when possible depression is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for possible depression on the DRS are 2.2 times more likely to meet the criteria for CI on the CPS. The logistic regression confirmed the coexistence between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Herrera-Spinelli, Sandra Y. "Examining Cultural Humility and Intersectionality in Mental Health Treatment." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6837.
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Cultural awareness is an ethical standard in the social work profession and, as the diversity in the United States continues to grow, it is a social work practice problem when cultural awareness is not implemented in mental health settings. The National Association of Social Workers revised the cultural awareness standards to include cultural humility and intersectionality as practice indicators. The purpose of this action research study was to examine how clinical social workers demonstrated cultural humility and intersectionality in mental health settings. Person-centered theory guided this study and a total of 17 clinical social workers in New Mexico participated in in-depth interviews to give examples of clinical practice behaviors that demonstrated cultural humility and intersectionality. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes, which included (a) genuine interest in the client's culture, (b) therapist congruence, (c) unconditional positive regard, and (d) empathic understanding. The implications of this study for social work practice and social change are that findings could contribute to improved cultural awareness in mental health settings and decrease mental health disparities among minorities. Recommendations include creating continuing education, mentoring minority college students on their career path in mental health, and developing a mental health business model that integrates cultural awareness.
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Proch, Katherine Louise. "Characterizing the effect of serotonergic input on medullary Phox2b neurons." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6837.
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Biological functions take place within tightly controlled parameters, including pH, which is managed in part through the ventilatory chemoreflex. This reflex is mediated by central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) specialized to detect blood pH/CO2. Two neuronal populations are thought to mediate this response: the serotonergic (5-HT) neurons of the medullary raphé, and the Phox2b expressing neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). These groups are both responsive to CO2 stimuli in vivo and in vitro. There are also apparent one-way connections from the raphé to the RTN, which is sensitive to 5-HT. Due to its complex innervation, study of RTN neurons while isolated from other cells, especially 5-HT neurons, has been limited. Here, we developed a culture model that simplifies this circuit, limiting cell types to those found in the rostral ventral medulla. This protocol yielded healthy RTN and 5-HT neurons in vitro, as well as other cell types from that area. Upon study with patch-clamp electrophysiology, cultured RTN neurons responded to CO2 and 5-HT in similar ways to what is reported for different RTN neuron preparations. Using this model, RTN neuron chemosensitivity was significantly decreased during application of 5-HT7 antagonists (SB258719, SB269970) and a 5-HT2A antagonist (MDL 11,939). The effect of 5-HT7 antagonists was recapitulated in slice recordings. Therefore, signaling at 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors is necessary for RTN neuron chemosensitivity. Exogenous 5-HT application also increased RTN neuron firing rate without potentiating the response to CO2, most likely indicating that the necessary 5-HT stimulation must come from neurons that can alter their activity during acidosis. We conclude that RTN neuron chemosensitivity is largely driven by chemosensitive 5-HT neurons, and should be considered an integrative or relay center, rather than an independently chemosensitive one.
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Libero, Michela <1991>. "Analisi del turismo congressuale della destinazione Padova Terme Euganee." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6837.
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la tesi si pone come obiettivo l'analisi dei punti di forza e di debolezza del turismo congressuale di Padova attraverso la compilazione di un questionario sottoposto ai soggetti interessati così da confrontare gli obiettivi pensati dal Convention Bureau con l'opinione dei soggetti attivi nel settore congressuale.
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McMurray, James. "The ethnic as ethic : education choices amongst the Uyghur of Xinjiang." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68637/.
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This thesis is about education in Xinjiang, the choices available to students and parents, and the factors taken into account when making these choices. The subject of language tuition and use has increasingly assumed a central position in the resentment felt by much of the Uyghur population of Xinjiang towards the Chinese government and the Han population. The long-term, policy-driven increase in the use of Mandarin in schools in Xinjiang has accelerated in the last decade as those which have previously used the Uyghur language for the majority of teaching have steadily been converted into bilingual institutions. This change has significantly reduced the linguistic options for Uyghur parents, as ‘bilingual' schools are substantively similar to Chinese-language schools. Mandarin, as the primary language of government and trade in China, is widely recognised by Uyghur parents and students as essential to career success in contemporary Xinjiang and the Uyghur language is not existentially threatened. Nonetheless, this change is lamented by many, even those who chose bilingual or Chinese-language education for their own children. This ethnographic work, largely set in the regional capital of Urumqi, explores the disparity between materially self-interested choices and this sentiment. Contextualising the subject of education against the background of the Uyghur people's general interaction with the Chinese people and state, the thesis contends that there is a communally-maintained avoidance of all influences perceived to be Chinese, and that this avoidance is best understood in ethical terms. Utilising the work of Alasdair Macintyre (1981), it argues that the maintenance of difference from the Han, in the context of a narrative understanding of history which represents all Chinese influence as destructive or dangerous, has come to be understood amongst the Uyghur as virtuous in itself. With evidence drawn from 18 months of fieldwork in Xinjiang and interviews with parents, students and educators, it examines how attempts to maintain this virtue play out against other values and concerns in the choices they make about schooling.
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Чейн, Самуель, Самуэль Чейн, and Samuel Chayen. "Ghost village in Ukraine: the problem and thoughts for solution." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68037.
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Gåsland, Anders Matre. "Metodiske utfordringer med brukbarhetstesting av digitale læringsplattformer." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18380.
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Digitale læringsplattformer, eller Learning Management System (LMS), brukes i utstrakt grad i Norge og i verden for øvrig. Dette er systemer som brukes for å planlegge, gjennomføre og vurdere konkrete læringsprosesser og brukes av flere tusen i Norge hver dag, alt fra barn på barneskolen til lærere i 60-årsalderen. En viktig suksessfaktor for disse systemene er at de må være lette å bruke, og det er store forbedringsmuligheter når det gjelder brukbarheten til systemene. For å forbedre brukbarheten er det naturlig å teste den og forbedre systemet basert på dataen og tilbakemeldingene fra testene. Brukbarhetstesting er én av flere metoder for å teste brukbarheten til et system.Itslearning er et LMS som brukes ved NTNU og som har gått fra å være et støttesystem til en kritisk del av infrastrukturen. I fag som bruker itslearning er elevene og lærerne fullstendig avhengig av det og bruker mye tid på det, som har ført til at det er kritisk om det ikke fungerer som planlagt.Det er ønskelig å forbedre brukbarheten til itslearning, og på grunn av manglende forskning og testing av itslearning ble det bestemt at det skulle gjennomføres en brukbarhetstest av itslearning, som er grunnmuren i denne oppgaven, for å finne metodiske utfordringer med brukbarhetstesting av LMS. Brukbarhetstesten var utgangspunktet for å belyse utfordringer i et bredere spekter og brukbarhetstesting av LMS generelt. Målet til oppgaven var å finne ut hva de metodiske utfordringene er for brukbarhetstesting av LMS.Erfaringene fra brukbarhetstesten fant utfordringer knyttet til fire faser av brukbarhetstesting: Planlegging, gjennomføring, analyse og formidling. Utfordringene med planlegging er knyttet til oppgavene, testmiljøet, deltakere og et spørreskjema om vaner på internett. I gjennomføringen er utfordringene knyttet til testens realisme og endringer underveis, mens ufordringene i analysen handler om kategorisering av problemer, testpersonenes erfaringer og forventninger, oppgavene som ble gitt og kort om eye-tracker. Utfordringene med formidling er basert på presentasjon av resultatene for itslearning AS, og er knyttet til hvem som har ansvaret for å løse problemene som ble funnet, og hvor stor effekt en slik presentasjon har.
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Camillo, Camila Righi Medeiros. "A avaliação como dispositivo pedagógico: capturas discursivas significadas no contexto da educação de surdos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6837.
Full textAbstract:
The present dissertation, Evaluation as a pedagogical device: discursive captures signified in the context of deaf education , aims at focusing on evaluation issues in
the field of deaf education. In this sense, there has been an attempt to problematize some discursive regularities in narratives produced by deaf teachers that are daily
involved in pedagogical practices in deaf schools, i.e. discourses that work as strategies to both discipline and regulate the conduct of deaf students and teachers.
From an analysis of relationships between power, knowledge and truth, this work has attempted to understand the strategic productivity organized and established in
a current discourse - that of evaluation in the deaf education context - which leads us to see and say particular forms, taken as natural and true, of an object that does not transcend history, rather, that both establishes itself and is fabricated in it. In order to
do so, a set of tools extracted from the field of Cultural Studies in Education have been used, mainly those that are closer to a post-structuralist perspective; among
them, are Foucauldian notions of power, normalization and discourse. This work has also approached evaluation in the school as a historical, cultural invention that, in
turn, also invents others, denominated deaf subjects. Evaluation has been problematized through the perspective of discipline, and discussed as a practice that
operates by means of power mechanisms and disciplinary strategies to produce the student subject. This research has thought about evaluation from the experiences of
deaf difference, drawing attention to the problematization of the so-called Pedagogy of Difference, as Pedagogy is a knowledge/power field that paralyzes, captures, names
difference. As it is impossible to think about evaluation within a perspective that is incompatible with differences, it has been here signified through what might be called experiences of difference , also considering knowledge/power relations that impregnate those practices in the art of evaluating .A presente dissertação, A avaliação como dispositivo pedagógico: capturas discursivas significadas no contexto da educação de surdos , pretende focalizar as questões da avaliação no campo da educação de surdos. Nesse sentido, procurou-se problematizar algumas regularidades discursivas produzidas pelas narrativas de professores surdos envolvidos em práticas pedagógicas no cotidiano de escolas de surdos, ou seja, discursos que funcionam como estratégias de disciplinamento e regulação das condutas de alunos e professores surdos. O investimento deste trabalho é, a partir de uma análise das relações entre poder, saber e verdade, entender a produtividade estratégica organizada e estabelecida de um discurso atual, no caso, o da avaliação no contexto da educação de surdos, que nos leva a ver e dizer formas particulares, tornadas como naturais e verdadeiras, sobre um objeto que não transcende a história, e sim que nela se estabelece e é fabricado. Para esse empreendimento, utilizou-se um conjunto de ferramentas extraídas do campo dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, principalmente aquelas que estão próximas de uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista; entre elas, as noções foucaultianas de poder, normalização e discurso. O trabalho procurou contemplar a avaliação no contexto da escola como uma invenção histórico-cultural que, por sua vez, também inventa esses outros chamados sujeitos surdos. Problematizou-se a avaliação pelo viés do disciplinamento, discutindo-a como uma prática que opera através de mecanismos de poder e estratégias disciplinares para produzir o sujeito aluno. O trabalho também se propôs a pensar a avaliação a partir das experiências da diferença surda, atentando para a problematização da chamada Pedagogia da Diferença, na medida em que a Pedagogia é um campo de saber/poder que engessa, captura, nomeia a diferença. Diante da impossibilidade de se pensar a avaliação dentro de uma perspectiva que é incompatível com as diferenças, trata-se de significá-la pelo viés do que se pode chamar de experiências da diferença , sem deixar de considerar as relações de saber/poder que impregnam essas práticas na arte de avaliar .
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Schuurman, Anne Gezina. "Diet and other risk factors for prostate cancer." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6837.
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