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Journal articles on the topic '700-1000'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Won, Sung Bin, Yeon Sang Hwang, and Dong Bok Lee. "Oxidation of Cr2AlC Carbides at 700-1000℃ in Air." Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering 47, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5695/jkise.2014.47.2.093.

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2

Isla Frez, Amancio. "Modelos femeninos de actuación en la familia regia asturleonesa, 700-1000." Anuario de Estudios Medievales 46, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aem.2016.46.1.01.

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3

Lee, Dong Bok, Jae Chun Lee, Sung Bin Won, and Sang Whan Park. "Oxidation of (Cr,Ti)2AlC Compounds at 700-1000 ℃ for One Year in Air." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 51, no. 8 (August 5, 2013): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2013.51.8.563.

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4

Srisiri, Wattanasak, and Arkom Kaewrawang. "The Synthesis and Characterizations of Aluminums Doped Barium Ferrite (BaAlFe11O19)." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.50.

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Aluminums doped barium ferrite (BaAlFe11O19) was synthesized by sol gel process at annealing temperatures, Ta, of 700 - 1000 °C and annealing time, ta, of 2 hr. The trend of saturation magnetization, σs, and the product of the magnetization and external magnetic fields, σHmax, increases from Ta = 700 - 900 °C, then decreases. The maximum value of σHmax and coercivity, Hc, are 13194.74 Oeemu/g and 20.33 emu/g, respectively, at Ta = 900 °C. The Hc increases from Ta = 700 - 1000 °C and its maximum value is 4448.80 Oe at 1000 °C. The trend of the crystallize size, <D>, increases from Ta = 700 - 900 °C then they are constant until Ta = 1000 °C. The maximum of <D> is 679.18 Å at 950 °C.
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5

Finkelstein, Israel. "L’archéologie et l’histoire de Jérusalem (1000-700 av. J.-C.)." Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 156, no. 2 (2012): 827–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/crai.2012.93578.

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6

Cook, L. P., C. K. Chiang, W. Wong-Ng, and J. Blendell. "THERMAL ANALYSIS OF Ba2YCu3O7-xAT 700-1000°C IN AIR*." Advanced Ceramic Materials 2, no. 3B (July 1987): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1987.tb00131.x.

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7

Xia, Bin, Fanyu Kong, Hui Zhang, Lei Yang, and Wanghuan Qian. "Investigation of axial thrust deviation between the theory and experiment for high-speed mine submersible pump." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 168781401878925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018789256.

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In this article, three types of high-speed mine submersible pumps were designed and experimented. During the reliability performance test, the axial thrust balancing device of GFQ150-700 was overloaded and damaged due to an unsuitable designed value of axial thrust. The designed hydraulic axial thrust with the actual value is compared in this article, and the reason for axial thrust deviation is discussed. Results show that axial thrust of the theoretical calculation is close to the numerical simulation value at a certain extent. GFQ100-1000 obtains the maximum theoretical axial thrust, while the maximum simulated value is produced in GFQ150-700, and that is corroborated by experiments. The axial blade force is related to the pump stage and area differences between the blade suction and pressure surface. Due to the increasing stage in GFQ100-1000, the axial blade force increases to a remarkable value in an opposite direction with respect to GFQ150-700. The opposite blade force offsetting other hydraulic forces in GFQ100-1000 is responsible for the maximum hydraulic axial thrust emerges in GFQ150-700 instead of GFQ100-1000.
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8

Rubel, Laurie H. "Connecting Research to Teaching: Is 7/10 Always Equivalent to 700/1000?" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 2 (September 2010): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.2.0144.

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Consider the following problem: Compare the probabilities of the following two events: (1) 7 tails out of 10 tosses of a fair coin and (2) 700 tails out of 1000 tosses of a fair coin. Which of the events is more likely, or are they equally likely? (adapted from Fischbein and Schnarch 1997, p. 99)
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9

Ohwaki, Junichi, Haruki Kozawaguchi, and Bunjiro Tsujiyama. "High resolution large area 1000*700 dot thin-film electroluminescent display panel." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 42, no. 10 (1988): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.42.1097.

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10

Legras, J. C., J. Jäger, G. F. Molinar, S. Palomino, J. Quintas, and M. R. White. "EUROMET Intercomparison in the Pressure Range 100 MPa to 700 (1000) MPa." Metrologia 30, no. 6 (January 1, 1994): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/30/6/035.

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11

Rubel, Laurie H. "Connecting Research to Teaching: Is 7/10 Always Equivalent to 700/1000?" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 2 (September 2010): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.2.0144.

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Consider the following problem: Compare the probabilities of the following two events: (1) 7 tails out of 10 tosses of a fair coin and (2) 700 tails out of 1000 tosses of a fair coin. Which of the events is more likely, or are they equally likely? (adapted from Fischbein and Schnarch 1997, p. 99)
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12

Vieira, Camilla Ivini Viana, José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis, Luiz Geraldo Vaz, Lídia Parsekian Martins, and Renato Parsekian Martins. "Deformation of nickel-titanium closed coil springs: an in vitro study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22, no. 1 (February 2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.1.038-046.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this paper was to determine the amount of deformation in four commercial brands of nickel-titanium closed springs. Methods: A total of 130 springs were divided into 13 subgroups, according to their features and manufacturers (Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco and GAC) and activated from 100% to 1000% of the effective length of the nickel-titanium portion present at the spring, at 37 °C. Deactivation data were plotted and deformation was found graphically. The values were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: Springs manufactured by Morelli had the same amount of deformation when they were activated up to 700% of Y activation; springs by Orthometric had the same amount of deformation up to 600-700% of Y; springs by Ormco had the same amount of deformation up to 700-800% of Y; and finally, the majority of springs by GAC had similar deformation up to 800%-1000% of activation. All springs tested could be activated up to 700% without rupture. Conclusions: Most subgroups were similarly deformed up to 700% of activation, without rupture of springs. Subgroups 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E showed the same amount of deformation up to 1000% of activation without any rupture at all.
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13

Nakajima, Yoshitaka, Hiroyuki Minami, Takashi Tsumura, Hiroshi Kunisaki, Shigeki Ohnishi, and Ryunen Teranishi. "Dynamic Pitch Perception for Complex Tones of Periodic Spectral Patterns." Music Perception 8, no. 3 (1991): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285504.

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Pitch circularity as found in Shepard tones was examined by using complex tones that had various degrees of exactness in their spectral periodicities on the logarithmic frequency dimension. This dimension was divided into periods of 1400 cents by tone components, and each period was subdivided into two parts of a fixed ratio of 700:700, 600:800, 550:850, 500:900, 450:950, 400:1000, or 0:1400. Subjects made paired comparison judgments for pitch. When the subdividing ratio was 0: 1400 or 400:1000, the subjects responded to the spectral periodicity of 1400 cents, and, when the ratio was 700:700 or 600:800, they responded to the periodicity of 700 cents. Some seemingly intermediate cases between these two extremes or some qualitatively different cases were obtained in the other conditions. As we have asserted before, the human ear appears to detect a global pitch movement when some tone components move in the same direction by similar degrees on the logarithmic frequency dimension.
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14

Li, Fan. "Oxidation Kinetics and Oxide Scale Morphology of Fe-1.5Si Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.887.

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Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to simulate isothermal 60-min oxidation process of Fe-1.5Si alloy under air condition at 700°C-1150°C. Cross-sectional scale morphology and elemental distribution of the oxide layer were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). At 700°C-1150°C the oxide scale is composed of external scale and internal Si precipitates zone. And Si-rich oxides can be detected in the inner parts of the outer oxide scale. It was found at 700-1000°C that oxidation mass gain curve obeys the parabolic law but at 1100-1150°C the relationship of mass gain and oxidation time is complex. The parabolic rate constant is lowered at 900-1000°C that should be related with thicker internal oxidation zone at 900°C and formation of the obvious Si-rich layer in external oxide scale at 1000°C.
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15

Ma, Tian Fei, Xin Fu Wang, and Feng Ling Yang. "Effect of Carbonization Temperature on the Elastic Modulus of Resin Carbon." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.83.

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Using the pulse excitation method, the elastic modulus of resin carbon was measured with different carbonization temperature. Micro structure of resin carbon was analyzed by XRD. Porosity, bulk density and true density of resin carbon was measured and calculated. The results show that the elastic modulus of resin carbon is 2.51GPa under 700°C carbonized, and is 2.92GPa under 1300°C carbonized. From 700°C to 1300°C, the elastic modulus of the resin carbon increases firstly and then decreases. The XRD analysis shows the crystal structure of resin carbon tends to regularization with the increase of carbonization temperature. The porosity of resin carbon is 14.% under 700°C carbonized, and is 13.38% under 1300°C carbonized. Considering XRD and porosity, the rise of elastic modulus of resin carbon from 700°C to 1000°C attributes to the incomplete pyrolysis of resin, reduction attributes to the graphitization of resin carbon from 1000°C to 1300°C.
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16

Sun, Jason, Rainer Künnemeyer, Andrew McGlone, and Nathan Tomer. "Optical properties of healthy and rotten onion flesh from 700 to 1000 nm." Postharvest Biology and Technology 140 (June 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.02.006.

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17

QIAN, Yu-hai, Mei-shuan LI, and Bin LU. "Isothermal oxidation behavior of Ti3Al-based alloy at 700–1000 °C in air." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 19, no. 3 (June 2009): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60306-4.

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18

Rawers, James C., and Darrell E. Larson. "Oxidation of Fe-8Cr-14Ni-Al-Si-Mn from 700 to 1000�C." Oxidation of Metals 27, no. 1-2 (February 1987): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00656734.

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19

Maia, Victor Martins, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti, Victor Hugo Alvarez Venegas, and Flávio Alencar D'Araújo Couto. "Efeitos de dose de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio sobre os componentes da produção e a qualidade de bananas 'Prata Anã' no distrito agroindustrial de Jaíba." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 25, no. 2 (August 2003): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452003000200034.

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Com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica sobre os componentes da produção e a qualidade de bananas 'Prata Anã', no Distrito Agroindustrial de Jaíba, em Matias Cardoso-MG, foi conduzido um experimento com dez tratamentos constituídos pela combinação de doses (g/touceira) de N, P e K de acordo com uma matriz baconiana, sendo 1: 250-45-700, 2: 250-25-700, 3: 250-70-700, 4: 250-100-700, 5: 250-45-300, 6: 250-45-500, 7: 250-45-1000, 8: 150-45-700, 9: 400-45-700, 10: 600-45-700. O tratamento um é o de referência, correspondendo às doses adotadas pelos bananicultores da região. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a produção do primeiro ciclo. Os cachos foram colhidos, despencados e avaliados quanto ao número de pencas, número de frutos e massa do cacho, massa média das pencas e massa média, diâmetro e comprimentos total e comercial do fruto. Os resultados indicaram que as doses de nitrogênio ou fósforo utilizadas pelos produtores de banana do Distrito Agroindustrial de Jaíba podem ser reduzidas para 150 ou 25 g/touceira, respectivamente, sem prejuízo para a produção e qualidade dos frutos. Por outro lado, as doses de potássio até 1000 g/touceira, parceladas semanalmente, proporcionaram aumentos significativos na massa, comprimento total e comercial do fruto.
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20

Mohamed Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad. "Sago Pith Waste Ash as a New Alternative Raw Materials from Agricultural Waste." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.389.

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This paper investigates the properties of Sago pith waste ash (SPWA) from agricultural waste using different calcination temperatures (500°C, 700°C and 1000°C). Chemical characteristic of SPWA was first investigated by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) followed by XRD analysis as a verification of the mineralogical phases present in the SPWAs. Based on the analysis, the major compositions of SPWA are found to be CaO and SiO2 with other minor oxides such as MgO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Both CaO and SiO2 are very significant oxides that can be used as an alternative binder in the synthesis of ceramic materials and geopolymer. Moreover, the presence of these oxides are consistent for SPWA calcined from 500°C, 700°C and 1000°C. Phase transformation such as quartz, calcite and magnesite that can be found in 500°C and 700°C whilst new phases such as wollastonite, fayalite and cristobalite in 1000°C proved that SPWA beneficial to be used as a new material resources especially in the ceramic and geopolymer applications.
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21

Arias, Abraham, Nicola Nedev, Mario Curiel, Diana Nesheva, Emil Manolov, Benjamin Valdez, David Mateos, Oscar Contreras, Oscar Raymond, and Jesus M. Siqueiros. "Electrical Characterization of Interface Defects in MOS Structures Containing Silicon Nanoclusters." Advanced Materials Research 976 (June 2014): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.129.

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The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of c-Si wafer/SiOx interface (x = 1.15 and 1.3) is studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Capacitance/Conductance-Voltage measurements. Furnace annealing for 60 min at 700 and 1000 °C is used to grow amorphous or crystalline Si nanoparticles. The high temperature process leads to an epitaxial overgrowth of the Si wafer and an increase of the interface roughness, 3-4 monolayers at 700 °C and 4-5 monolayers at 1000 °C. The increased surface roughness is in correlation with the higher density of electrically active interface states.
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22

Kadela, Marta, Alfred Kukiełka, and Marcin Małek. "Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete Based on a Synthetic Polymer Foaming Agent." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214979.

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The components of foamed concrete have a significant effect on its properties. Protein-based foamed concrete is used much more often. This study aims to assess the properties of foamed concrete with a density of around 500, 700, 800 and 1000 kg/m3 formed by using a synthetic polymer-based foaming agent. The distribution of pores, wet and dry density and compressive strengths were evaluated. In addition, the creep deformations of foamed concrete with different densities were measured. The difference in density of up to 170 kg/m3 for the highest densities was obtained. Foamed concrete with higher densities (700 and 800 kg/m3) showed similar characteristics of pores, which were different from those of samples with a density of 500 kg/m3. Compressive strength equal to 5.9 ± 0.2, 5.1 ± 0.2, 3.8 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.2 MPa was obtained for foamed concrete with a density of 500, 700, 800 and 1000 kg/m3, respectively. The obtained compressive strengths were higher than those found in the literature for the foamed concrete with the same densities. With increasing density, smaller creep deformations were obtained. Creep deformations were 509, 495 and 455 με for samples with densities of around 500, 700 and 1000 kg/m3 respectively. Deformation under long-term loading took place up to 90 days, regardless of the density of the foamed concrete.
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23

Lin, Sen, Heping Li, Liping Xu, Yanqing Zhang, and Can Cui. "A novel experimental device for electrochemical measurements in supercritical fluids up to 700 °C/1000 bar and its application in the corrosion study of superalloy Inconel 740H." RSC Advances 7, no. 54 (2017): 33914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04054g.

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24

SYAHZIAR, M. REZA, and P. H. GUNAWAN. "PARALLEL COMPUTING FOR BLURRING IMAGE USING MEAN AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD." E-Jurnal Matematika 7, no. 1 (February 3, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2018.v07.i01.p178.

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Blurring is one of the basic image processing technique in order to reduce the noise in a image. In this paper two methods of blurring which are called mean and weighted average method will be elaborated. Three different sizes of mask (3 × 3, 5 × 5 and 7 × 7) are given for each method. Moreover, three different of resolution images 1000 × 1000, 700 × 700, and 400 × 400 pixels are used. From the experiment result, the output image by mean method is shown a darker than the weighted average method. Additionally, run time of CPU using mean method is around 77.78 % shorter than weighted average method.
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25

Yokoi, Yukiko. "Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation, ALP Activity and Photocatalytic Activity on Sintered Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164414.

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This study aimed to create a biomaterial from titanium dioxide (TiO2), which has been known to have photocatalytic and bone formation promoting effects. I expected that anatase titanium dioxide-based implants could promote bone augmentation and induce bone formation. Powdery anatase TiO2 was compression molded and sintered at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C to prepare sintered compact samples. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the surface of these samples. Furthermore, mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were seeded on the samples sintered at different temperatures, and cell proliferation was observed to evaluate the cell proliferation of the samples. The sample sintered at 700 °C was composed of anatase TiO2. The samples sintered at 800 °C and 900 °C were confirmed to consist of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 crystalline phases. Moreover, the sample sintered at 700 and 800 °C, which contained anatase TiO2, showed remarkable photocatalytic activity. Those samples sintered at 1000 °C were transformed to the rutile TiO2. The cell proliferation after 7–14-days culturing revealed that cells cultured on the 700 °C sample decreased in number immediately after initiation of culturing. The cells cultured on TiO2 sintered at 900 °C markedly proliferated over time with an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity, showing good MC3T3-E1 cell compatibility of the samples. The sample sintered at 1000 °C, which is rutile TiO2, showed the highest increase.
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26

Tian, Xuefen, Xiang Liu, Min Gong, Weidi He, Xinge Fu, and Aihong Deng. "Evolution of Defects in CVD-W Irradiated by H/He Neutral Beam Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy." Metals 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020211.

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One of the key problems for the application of nuclear fusion energy is to select the suitable plasma facing materials (PFMs). Among the W-based materials, CVD-W exhibits some unique advantages. In order to estimate the performance of CVD-W under the fusion environment, the vacancy-type defects and their evolution are investigated by the Doppler-broadening slow positron beam analysis (DB-SPBA) combined with SEM (scanning electron microscope). There are two kinds of neutral beam irradiation, the pure H neutral beam and the H + 6 at.% He neutral beam irradiation, which are performed at the neutral beam facility GLADIS (IPP, Germany). The surface temperatures of CVD-W irradiated by H (H + 6 at.% He) are 850 and 1000 (700 and 800 °C). By comparing the samples under different conditions, the defect evolution of CVD-W is obtained. As for the pure H neutral beam irradiated samples, the DB-SPBA results demonstrate that the CVD-W sample at the surface temperature of 1000 °C, compared to the 850 °C sample, shows a decrease in S parameters, which is due to the reduction of vacancy-type defect concentration. The defect damage layer in 1000 °C sample is narrower than that of 850 °C sample and the defect type tends to be consistent in 1000 °C sample. The SEM results suggest that the surface damage of the 1000 °C sample was recovered to some extent. As for the H + 6 at.% He neutral beam irradiated samples, compared with the CVD-W sample at the surface temperature of 700 °C, the 800 °C sample shows an increased S parameters, which can be attributed to the volume increase of vacancy-type defect. The defect damage layer in the 800 °C sample is wider than that of the 700 °C sample. Both the H + 6 at.% He irradiated samples show complex defect types. The surface of the 800 °C sample exhibits more dense pinhole damage structures compared to that of the 700 °C sample.
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27

Mahmoud, E. R. I., and H. F. El-Labban. "Microstructure and Wear Behavior of TiC Coating Deposited on Spheroidized Graphite Cast Iron Using Laser Surfacing." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 4, no. 5 (October 11, 2014): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.483.

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Spheroidal graphite cast iron was laser cladded with TiC powder using a YAG fiber laser at powers of 700, 1000, 1500 and 2000 W. The powder was preplaced on the surface of the specimens with 0.5 mm thickness. Sound cladding and fusion zones were observed at 700, 1000 and 1500 W powers. However, at 2000 W, cracking was observed in the fusion zone. At 700 W, a build-up zone consisted of fine TiC dendrites inside a matrix composed of martensite, cementite (Fe3C), and some blocks of retained austenite was observed. In this zone, all graphite nodules were totally melted. In the fusion zone, some undissolved and partially dissolved graphite nodules appeared in a matrix containing bainite, ferrite, martensite and retained austenite. At 1500 W, the fusion zone had more iron carbides and ferrite, and the HAZ consisted of martensitic structure. At 2000 W, the build-up zone was consisted of TiC particles precipitated in a matrix of eutectic carbides, martensite plus an inter-lamellar retained austenite. The hardness of the cladded area was remarkably improved (1330 HV in case of 700 W: 5.5 times of the hardness of substrate).
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28

Diehl, Michael W. "The Intensity of Maize Processing and Production in Upland Mogollon Pithouse Villages A.D. 200–1000." American Antiquity 61, no. 1 (January 1996): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282305.

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Analyses of the size, shape, and wear on western Mogollon manos and metates reveal that the dietary importance of maize remained low and stable from the Early Pithouse period (A.D. 200–550) through the Georgetown phase (A.D. 550–700). The consumption of maize increased during the San Francisco phase (A.D. 700–825/850) and continued to increase through the Three Circle phase (A.D. 825/850–1000). Changes in the ubiquity of charred pieces of maize (Zea mays) from paleoethnobotanical samples also indicate an increase in maize consumption from the Early Pithouse period through the Three Circle phase. The onset of increased maize consumption roughly coincided with the introduction of an improved variety of eight-row maize, around A.D. 650–700 (Upham et al. 1987). The analyses presented in this study do not agree with recent suggestions (Gilman 1987; Mauldin 1991) that maize consumption in the western Mogollon region remained stable and low until the Classic Mimbres phase (A.D. 1000–1150).
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29

Norhaniza, R., Ri Hanum Yahaya Subban, and N. S. Mohamed. "Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Structure and Conductivity of LiSn2P3O12 Prepared by Mechanical Milling Method." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.338.

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LiSn2P3O12 has been prepared using mechanochemical milling method and sintered at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C for 8 hours. All samples sintered up to 900 °C show a rhombohedral structure. However, the sample sintered at 1000 °C possessed a monoclinic structure. This is attributed to the rotation of skeleton LiSn2P3O12 as indicated by the change in the a and c parameters of the sample. The sample sintered at 700 °C shows the highest bulk conductivity of 1.65 × 10-6 S cm-1 and the lowest bulk activation energy of 0.09 eV. The grain boundary activation energy of the samples decreases with increase in sintering temperature due to enhancement in grain contacts.
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30

Rojas, R., E. García -Torres, JR Molina, G. Rodriguez, C. Martin, J. Casaño, F. Martinez, and Antonio Torres Gomez. "SERUM Ferritin Levels >700 NG/ML PRE-Transplant ARE Correlated with WORSE Outcome AFTER HSCT." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4149.4149.

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Abstract Abstract 4149 INTRODUCTION: Serum ferritin is an iron overload marker and an acute phase reactant. It has been reported that ferritin levels >1000 or 1500 ng/ml pre-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) are associated with higher rates of Transplant Related Mortality (TRM), mucositis, Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) and infections. METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed the pre-transplant serum ferritin levels in 300 consecutive patients undergone HSCT in our Hospital from January 2005 to June 2012. Patients were classified according to serum ferritin (< and >700 ng/ml, < and >1000 ng/ml, < and >1500 ng/ml) and we have analyzed: overall survival, acute and chronic GVHD, infections (bacterial, fungal and cytomegalovirus), mucositis, interstitial pneumonitis, hepatic veno-oclussive disease, relapse, TRM-100 days and TRM-1 year. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 17.1 programe. We used Kaplan-Meier, LogRank, T- student and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: In our series 152 patients (51%) were undergoing autologous HSCT and 148 (49%) were undergoing allogeneic HSCT (21% Reduced Intensity Conditioning regimen). The median follow up was 15 months, and the overall survival was 59 ± 4% at 5 years (autologous 57 ± 7% and allogeneic 60 ± 5%). TRM-100 days was 1.97% (3 patients) in the autologous group and 8.78% (13 patients) in the allogeneic group. TRM-1 year was 2.63% (4 patients) and 17.56% (26 patients) in the autologous and allogeneic group respectively. In the allogeneic group TRM-1 year was due to GVHD (10.1%), infection (5.4%) and others (2%). Serum ferritin mean pre-HSCT in the global series was 1095 ng/ml (range: 6–11203): autologous 713 ng/ml (range: 8–7120) and allogeneic 1487 ng/ml (range: 6–11203). Serum ferritin was >700 ng/ml in 49% (147 patients), (18% autologous and 31% allogeneic) and <700 ng/ml in 51% (autologous: 32% and allogeneic: 19%). Serum ferritin >700 ng/ml was correlated with worse outcome in survival (50% ± 5% vs 67 ± 6%; p=0.001), and higher TRM-1year (>700 ng/ml 8% vs <700 ng/ml 1.9%; p=0.043). Neither TRM-100 days nor probability of relapse were higher in patients with > 700 ng/ml. In patients with ferritin levels pre-HSCT >700 ng/ml we observed more incidence of infections (bacteremia: p=0.001, autologous and allogeneic), fungal infections (p=0.001 in allogeneic) and Cytomegalovirus infection (p=0.03 in allogeneic). Serum ferritin levels >700 ng/ml were associated with higher incidence of aGVHD grade III-IV (p=0.002), mainly intestinal aGHVD (p=0.014) but we did not find higher incidence of chronic GVHD in the allogeneic group. We found no statistical differences in the incidence of mucositis, interstitial pneumonitis and hepatic veno-oclussive disease between patients with serum ferritin levels > or <700 ng/ml in the global series. Similar results to those of serum ferritin levels >700 ng/ml were obtained when we analyzed ferritin levels >1000 and >1500 ng/ml except for higher incidence rate of chronic GVHD with ferritin >1000 and 1500 ng/ml in the allogeneic group. CONCLUSIONS: The cut-off of serum ferritin > 700 ng/ml pre-HSCT is correlated with worse outcome after transplantation with higher TRM-1 year due to higher incidence of infections and aGVHD. Further studies about the possible benefit of iron chelation therapy pre-HSCT are necessary. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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31

Wang, Qi, Lei Li, Yong Zhao, Hong Zhang, and Yong Zhang. "The effects of sintering temperature on superconductivity of MgB2 prepared by hot pressing." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 04 (January 13, 2020): 2050012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220500125.

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The [Formula: see text] superconductor bulks were prepared by hot-pressing under the pressure of 55 MPa at different temperatures of 650[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 900[Formula: see text]C, 1000[Formula: see text]C, respectively, and the hot-pressing effects on the superconducting properties of [Formula: see text] bulks were investigated. The density of bulk samples increased with the rise of sintering temperature and the density reached to the maximum value when the sintering temperature rose to 1000[Formula: see text]C. For the sample sintered at 1000[Formula: see text]C, the critical transition temperature ([Formula: see text] reached the highest value of 38.8 K despite the high content of [Formula: see text] (30.62 wt.%). However, the critical current density ([Formula: see text] did not increase with the increase in the density and [Formula: see text]. The sample sintered at 700[Formula: see text]C maintained the high superconducting volume and had a small grain size, thus providing the best magnetic flux pinning force and [Formula: see text]. An effective hot-pressing process to improve [Formula: see text] might be the way to prepare by further increasing the density of sintering samples at 700[Formula: see text]C.
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32

Parmar, R. N., J. H. Markna, P. S. Solanki, R. R. Doshi, P. S. Vachhani, and D. G. Kuberkar. "Grain Size Dependent Transport and Magnetoresistance Behavior of Chemical Solution Deposition Grown Nanostructured La07Sr03MnO3 Manganite Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an51.

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Grain-size dependence of electronic transport and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of nanostructured La0.7Sr0.3 MnO3 (LSMO) manganite thin films on LaAlO3 (100) single crystal substrates prepared using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) technique have been studied. The LSMO thin films were annealed at temperatures in the range of 700–1000 °C for different time intervals [6 h and 12 h] and crystallized as singlephase LSMO. Microstructural studies carried out using AFM show a marginal increase in the grain-size from 50 to 90 nm as the temperature was varied from 700 °C to 1000 °C respectively. It has been observed that the insulator-metal transition (TP) and MR depend on the grain size. In zero applied field, resistivity reduction is ∼ 103 at 5 K for the films annealed at 700 °C [TP ∼ 341 K] and 1000 °C [TP ∼ 373 K]. MR versus H isotherms reveal that MR enhances in the vicinity of TP but decreases at low temperatures. The results obtained from the electronic and magnetotransport studies are in good agreement with the change in surface morphology of the films studied, which shows that the randomly distributed domains are composed of faceted grains. Synthesizing conditions, annealing temperature and time control the growth and alignment of grains into the domains, which cause better conduction at grain interface.
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33

Jusoh, Mohamad Ashry, Fahmiruddin Esa, and Rodziah Nazlan. "Structural Properties Dependence on Annealing Temperature of 1-D Lanthanum Iron Garnet Nanofiber Prepared via Electrospinning Technique." Journal of Nano Research 59 (August 2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.59.105.

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The effect of anealing temperature on structural properties of Lanthanum Iron Garnet (LIG) nanofiber has been studied. The LIG nanofiber were prepared by electrospinning technique. This technique has been extensively developed as a simple and efficient method for drawing nanofibers from polymer solutions. The viscous LIG solution were loaded in syringe and were pumped at 0.05 mL/h. The nanofibers were collected on aluminium foil and were treated at 700 °C, 750 °C and 1000 °C in order to study the effect of annealing temperature to the nanofibers structure. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were employed to study the phase formation and morphology of the samples. The XRD results of LIG nanofiber reveals that as the annealing temperature increases from 700 °C to 1000 °C, the corresponding peaks become sharper and narrower, which demonstrate the improvement of crystallinity and crystallite size. The FESEM images of LIG nanofiber demonstrates that the nanofibers treated at 700 °C have continuous structure with a relatively rough surface and their diameter range is within 41.3 nm and 58.7 nm. Subsequently, when the calcination temperature increase further, the morphology of the sample is dramatically changed. As calcinations temperature rises to 750 °C, the surface of resultant nanofibers start to become agglomerate due to the growth and coalescence of the particle in the nanofibers under the calcination process and the nanofibers structure change back to continuous structure with bigger diameter at 1000 °C as compared to calcination temperature of 700 °C.
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34

Bohara, NB, DB Ghale, YP Chapagain, N. Duwal, and J. Bhattarai. "Effect of firing temperature on physico-mechanical properties of contemporary clay brick productions in Lalitpur, Nepal." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 55, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i1.46731.

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Effect of firing temperature on some physico-mechanical properties of ten brick samples, those were composed by feldspars, quartz, alumina-rich spinel, primary mullite and hematite phases, was investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The brick samples fired between 700° to 1100° C showed 11-23 % water adsorptivity (WA), 19-37 % apparent porosity (AP) and 1.50-1.65 g/cm3 bulk density (BD) indicate good physical properties. The maximum compressive strength (CS) of the fired-bricks at 950° to 1000° C was found to be between 15.6 and 17.1 MPa. At 700°-1000° C firing temperatures, the CS of these bricks is found to be increased exponentially with decreasing of both WA and AP, however it is found to be increased with increasing the BD. Consequently, it can be said that there is good correlation between mechanical and physical properties of the fired-brick samples up to the firing temperature of 1000° C. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 43-52, 2020
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35

Ludwig, Wojciech, and Tadeusz Mączka. "Determination of cores electrification during the flow in the modified Wurster apparatus." Technical Sciences 1, no. 20 (December 16, 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.2905.

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The purpose of this paper was presentation of the value of cores electrification during their flow in the modified Wurster apparatus, applied for dry encapsulation of pharmaceutical materials. Previous works of the authors dealt with vulnerability of the particles of different diameter, produced by SYNTAPHARM (Cellets 1000, 700 and 100) on electrification in laboratory conditions. The presented work gives the results of examination on particles electrification in real conditions of their stable circulation in a column. The measurement system, that was applied, allowed determination of electrification potential and electrification current. Those quantities, which are the measures of charge accumulation on cores were determined for several particles (Cellets 1000, 700 and 500) with the different humidity, for different mass of the bed and spouting gas velocities.
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36

Asokan, Vijayshankar, Dorte Madsen, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, Velaug Myrseth, and Pawel Kosinski. "Effect of Temperature on the Transformation of Carbon Black into Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1565.

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In this paper, successful structural transformation of carbon black (CB) into nanotubes and nanoonion like structures at relatively low temperatures in the presence of transition metal catalyst is reported. This study focuses also on the influence of the temperature on the structural transformation of CB into nanostructures. The experiments were carried out at 700°C and 1000°C in a horizontal tube furnace under N2 atmosphere. The obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that increase in the synthesis temperature from 700°C to 1000°C influences the morphology of the produced nanotubes significantly and the degree of crystallinity also increased with the temperature..
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37

Budi, Setyo. "Text Mining Untuk Analisis Sentimen Review Film Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means." Techno.Com 16, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/tc.v16i1.1263.

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Kemudahan manusia didalam menggunakan website mengakibatkan bertambahnya dokumen teks yang berupa pendapat dan informasi. Dalam waktu yang lama dokumen teks akan bertambah besar. Text mining merupakan salah satu teknik yang digunakan untuk menggali kumpulan dokumen text sehingga dapat diambil intisarinya. Ada beberapa algoritma yang di gunakan untuk penggalian dokumen untuk analisis sentimen, salah satunya adalah K-Means. Didalam penelitian ini algoritma yang digunakan adalah K-Means. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akurasi K-Means dengan dataset digunakan 300 positif dan 300 negatif akurasinya 57.83%, 700 dokumen positif dan 700 negatif akurasinya 56.71%%, 1000 dokumen positif dan 1000 negatif akurasinya 50.40%%. Dari hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar dataset yang digunakan semakin rendah akurasi K-Means. Kata Kunci : Text Mining, Analisis Sentimen, K-Means, Review Film
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38

Behboudian, M. Hossein, and Robert Lai. "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in `Virosa' Tomato Plant: Responses to Enrichment Duration and to Temperature." HortScience 29, no. 12 (December 1994): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1456.

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Responses of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Virosa) plant to elevated CO2 concentrations applied throughout the photoperiod or part of it were studied under two temperature regimes. Plants were exposed to CO2 at 340 (control), 700, and 1000 μl·liter–1. The highest concentration was applied only at 22/16C (day/night) and 700 μl·liter–1 at 22/16C and 25/16C. Transpiration rates were lower and photosynthetic rates were higher under elevated CO2 than at the ambient level. Biomass production was higher only for plants grown at 700 μl·liter–1 and 25/16C. Concentrations of macronutrients were lower in plants exposed to 1000 μl CO2/liter than in the control plants. Intermittent CO2 was applied using two timing methods. In method 1, plants were exposed to 4- or 8-hour high-CO2 concentrations during their 12-hour photoperiod. In method 2, plants were exposed for 3.5 days of each week to 700 μl CO2/liter. Only two of the 8-hour exposures resulted in greater growth than the controls. The lack of higher growth for CO2-enriched plants at 22/16C was attributed to a higher dark respiration rate and to a lack of efficient transport of photosynthates out of leaves.
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39

Kaburagi, Y., T. Toriyama, A. Yoshida, H. Wakabayashi, Y. Hishiyama, and M. Inagaki. "Carbonization behavior of polyimide film containing iron complex in relation to magnetic properties." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 2 (February 2001): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0055.

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A ferromagnetic film composed of carbon matrix and dispersed fine iron particles was prepared by heating a polyimide film containing iron complex at temperatures up to 1000 °C. The particles were formed and distributed homogeneously on the film surfaces by heat treatments at 600 °C and above, and inside the films at 700 °C and above. The particles were α–Fe, γ–Fe (or austenite), and Fe3C with fractions of about 7:2:1 in the films heated at 800 °C and above. The mean crystallite sizes of α–Fe and γ–Fe (or austenite) particles were evaluated to be 19 and 15 nm in the film heated at 800 °C, and 32 and 30 nm at 1000 °C, respectively. The films heated at 600 °C and below were superparamagnetic, while those at 700 °C and above were ferromagnetic, but both components existed in all films. The iron particles promoted the growth of carbon crystallites in the films; i.e., the interlayer spacing was about 0.341–0.343 nm and mean crystallite size 4.0–6.5 nm for the films heated in the range of 700 to 1000 °C. Pores were observed on the surfaces and cross sections of the carbonized films, and they seemed to be loopholes of the clusters. Iron oxides were scarcely formed in the films, even after being kept for a long duration at room temperature in atmosphere.
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40

Tikhonova, Marina, Valeriy Dudko, Andrey Belyakov, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "The Formation of Fine-Grained Structure in S304H-Type Austenitic Stainless Steel during Hot-To-Warm Working." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.380.

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The dynamic process of grain evolution in a Super304H austenitic stainless steel was studied in compression tests. The tests were carried out to a strain of 0.7 at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000°C and strain rate of 10-3s-1. In addition to single pass compression the multiple compressions with changing the loading direction in 90o and decreasing the temperature with step of 100°C from 1000 to 700°C in each pass were utilized to achieve large cumulative strains. Under multiple compression the values of flow stresses were lower than those at single-pass compressions under the same temperatures. The fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains decreased from 1.0 to almost zero with decreasing temperature in single-pass compressions. On the other hand, almost fully recrystallized structure developed under conditions of multiple compressions. The size of dynamically recrystallized grains decreased with decreasing the deformation temperature, approaching a submicrometer scale level at 700°C. The relationship between the deformation conditions and operating mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization is discussed in some details.
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41

Li, Rongxin, Ziyang Yu, Zhenhua Zhang, Yan Shao, Xiangxiang Wang, Giovanni Finocchio, Zhihong Lu, Rui Xiong, and Zhongming Zeng. "Spin hall nano-oscillators based on two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 magnetic materials." Nanoscale 12, no. 44 (2020): 22808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06449a.

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42

Chen, Lei, Xiao Dong Zhang, Lai Zhi Sun, Xin Ping Xie, Bao Feng Zhao, and Hong Yu Si. "On-Line Analysis of the Condensable Products of Biomass High Temperature Pyrolysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.63.

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High temperature pyrolysis of sawdust was achieved by using the analytical Py-GC/MS technique which allowed the on-line analysis of the pyrolysis product.The experiments at the different temperatures (700-1000°C) and the different mass ratios of CaO to sawdust (0%,10%,30%,50%) were carried out,respectively. At different temperatures, the distribution of condensable products considerably changed. At 700°C,the aromatic hydrocarbon yield were 0.9% of the total peak area. However, the aromatic hydrocarbon yield reached 59.4% of the total peak area at 1000°C, which might be due to the occurrence of the condensation polymerization at high temperature. CaO had a positive effect on decreasing the yield of the condensable products of sawdust pyrolysis, but did not remarkably change the distribution of the condensable products.
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43

Ismail, N. A. A., M. Azham Azmi, Sufizar Ahmad, and Hariati Taib. "Effect of Rice Husk Firing Temperature on Synthesis of Silica (SiO2)." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.470.

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This paper presents the synthesis of silica (SiO2) from rice husk at different firing temperatures. Due to the environmental awareness and to reduce air pollution, agricultural wastes specifically rice husk is used to produce SiO2. Silica was prepared by washing with clean water without any chemical treatment. The rice husk was fired at 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200°C. In order to determine the effect of firing rice husk at different temperature, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted. Crystalline silica were obtained at 1100°C and 1200°C firing temperature. At 900°C and 1000°C firing temperature, silica was observed to be in a transitional phase of amorphous into crystalline or it called as semi crystalline. However, at 700°C and 800°C silica remains to be in amorphous phases.
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44

Zhang, Xuefeng, Qiangu Yan, Jinghao Li, I.-Wei Chu, Hossein Toghiani, Zhiyong Cai, and Jilei Zhang. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials from Biopolymer Lignin via Catalytic Thermal Treatment at 700 to 1000 °C." Polymers 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10020183.

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45

Lu, Renfu, Diwan P. Ariana, and Haiyan Cen. "Optical absorption and scattering properties of normal and defective pickling cucumbers for 700–1000 nm." Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-011-9108-6.

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46

Wang, Biao, Chun Xiang Wu, and Jiao Cheng Ma. "A Study on High Temperature Mechanical Properties of HRB335C Steel." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.886.

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By means of Gleeble-1500 dynamic thermo mechanical simulator using solidifying method, the simulation of continuous casting process for HRB335C steel was carried out and hot ductility and strength were determined. The test results indicate that there were three temperature areas of brittleness for billet produced by HRB335C within 700°C to solidification point, the first temperature area of brittleness was 1300°C to solidification point of the billet, the second temperature area of brittleness was 1200～1000°C, the third temperature area of brittleness was 700～850°C, the steel was plastic within 850～1000°C. The fractographs and micrographs were observed by optical microscope. The reason of embrittlement was analyzed. The cracking sensitivity studied under the different the temperature zone of the fragility for steel HRB335C was found out. The appropriate surface temperature (over 1000°C) of continuous cast billet during bending and straightening was beneficial to avoid and reduce surface cracks and the quality of billet was obviously improved. Key words: Brittle temperature zone; Tensile strength; Microstructure; High temperature mechanical properties; Continuous casting billet
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47

Thabethe, T. T., E. G. Njoroge, T. T. Hlatshwayo, T. P. Ntsoane, and J. B. Malherbe. "Surface and interface structural analysis of W deposited on 6H–SiC substrates annealed in argon." RSC Advances 7, no. 1 (2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24825j.

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48

Hu, Wenting, Felix Donat, S. A. Scott, and J. S. Dennis. "The interaction between CuO and Al2O3 and the reactivity of copper aluminates below 1000 °C and their implication on the use of the Cu–Al–O system for oxygen storage and production." RSC Advances 6, no. 114 (2016): 113016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22712k.

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This work investigates the interaction between CuO and different aluminas (and precursors) which are commonly used as support materials at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C, as well as some chemical properties of the resulting copper aluminates.
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49

Blanuša, Jovan, B. Antić, A. S. Nikolić, S. Rakić, N. Jovic, and Milesa Srećković. "Synthesis and Characterization of Al, Y, Co and Cr Substituted Ultrafine Powder of NiFe2O4." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.283.

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The ultrafine spinel NiFe1.9M0.1O4 powders (M=Al, Y, Cr, Fe) were synthesized by thermal decomposition of appropriate mixtures of complex compounds with acetylacetone - (2,4 pentadione) ligands ([M(AA)x]) at 500 °C. Samples were annealed in the temperature range 600-1000 °C and the crystallization process was followed by XRD. The largest crystallite size and the highest crystallization rate are observed for NiFe1.9Al0.1O4, while the opposite was found for NiFe1.9Y0.1O4. Strain value in NiFe1.9Y0.1O4 changes sign at temperatures between 700-800 °C, while for NiFe1.9M0.1O4 (M=Al, Cr) it has a positive sign and reaches the maximum value at 700 °C. The crystal structure of the samples annealed at 1000 °C was refined using the Rietveld profile method. Cation substitution in Ni-ferrite changes its structural and microstructural parameters, and can also significantly influence other physical properties.
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50

Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, Daiki Takino, Takayuki Ishikawa, Takuya Tsujiguchi, and Nobuyoshi Nakagawa. "PAN Based Carbon Nanofibers as an Active ORR Catalyst." Key Engineering Materials 497 (December 2011): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.497.73.

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and their activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media was investigated. Field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were carried out to investigate the surface morphology, composition, and catalytic activity. Thin carbon nanofibers of a 150 nm diameter were successfully produced by electrospinning using 8 wt% PAN in dimethylformamide, 15 cm pin to plate distance, and applying voltage of 18 kV at different carbonization temperatures of 700, 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The ORR activity of the prepared carbon nanofibers was evaluated. The PAN based carbon nanofibers showed a considerable ORR activity and this activity was increased by increasing the carbonization temperature. The high ORR onset potentials over 700 mV vs. RHE (milli-volt versus reversible hydrogen electrode) were obtained at temperatures over 1000 °C. The activity of PAN based carbon nanofibers increased with increasing carbonization temperature from 700 to 1100 °C, this would be related to the increasing in the electrical conductivity at low carbonization temperatures, and the high Pyridine N content at the high carbonization temperatures.
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