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Journal articles on the topic "709.040 1"
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Whittall, Ian R., Mark G. Humphrey, and David C. R. Hockless. "Structural Systematics of Metal Acetylide Complexes: X-Ray Studies of Some 'Extended-Chain' Gold σ-Acetylide Complexes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 10 (1997): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97049.
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The structures of Au(4-C≡CC6H4XYC6H4-4′-NO2)(PPh3) (XY = (E )-CH=CH (1), (Z)-CH=CH (2), C≡C (3), N=CH (4)) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, refining by full-matrix least-squares analysis. For (1), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a8·847(1), b 17·870(4), c 19·705(3) Å, α116·25(1), β 93·33(1), γ 92·64(2)˚, Z 4, 6747 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·025 and Rw 0·029. For (2), crystals are monoclinic, space group P 21/a, with a 10·718(6), b 19·398(5), c14·469(3) Å, β 108·96(2)˚, Z 4, 3295 unique reflections (352 parameters), converging atR 0·040 and Rw 0·034. For (3), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 10·671(4), b 17·599(7), c 18·220(8) Å, α 116·31(3), β 105·00(4), γ 95·08(4)˚, Z 4, 4828 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·043 and Rw 0·030. For (4), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 8·8314(6), b 17·834(2), c 20·001(2) Å, α 115·249(7), β 90·930(7), γ 94·082(7)˚, Z 4, 4724 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·035 and Rw 0·034. Despite the [ligated metal donor]-bridge-[nitro acceptor] composition of these complexes, Au–C and C≡C distances are normal and consistent with minimal allenylidene contribution to the ground-state geometry. Within the 3σ confidence limits, the structural data do not provide evidence for π*-back-bonding in these complexes
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Yu, Xue-qing, Shu-guang Yang, Han Li, Yang Xie, Jian-sheng Li, and Pan Zhang. "Preliminary Study to Evaluate Three Different Treatments on Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Based on Markov Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6478926.
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This study evaluates the costs and utilities of different treatment strategies for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on Markov model and provides guidance for clinical decision and health policy making. Patients with stable COPD from four subcenters had been investigated. A Markov model with three states, namely, GOLD 1-2, GOLD 3-4, and death, was built using TreeAge Pro 2011 software. Cost-utility ratio (CUR) and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) from forty Markov circles were applied to measuring the economics evaluation of three different treatments. A total of 236 stable COPD patients were randomly assigned into three groups, Western medicine group (79 cases), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (79 cases), and combined group (78 cases). The results of Markov cohort simulation showed that the accumulative quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of the three above groups per 100 000 people in 40 years were 1 702 773, 1 616 797, and 1 709 668 years, respectively, and the accumulative costs were 13 582 138 466, 1 207 904 113, and 14 656 607 371 Yuan, respectively. The CURs of the three groups were 87 235, 74 602, and 87 223 Yuan/QALY, respectively. ICURs of combined group were 8 707 and 41 705 Yuan as against Western medicine group and TCM group, respectively. Therefore, combined treatment has a lower cost, higher health output, and more socioeconomic benefits in the long run. Markov model is recommended to conduct health economics evaluation of different treatments for COPD.
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D., Y. M. "Diabétiques sans le savoir : ils seraient 700 000 !" Option/Bio 24, no. 493 (June 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(13)71315-1.
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Lepak, Alexander J., Karen Marchillo, Solen Pichereau, William A. Craig, and David R. Andes. "Comparative Pharmacodynamics of the New Oxazolidinone Tedizolid Phosphate and Linezolid in a Neutropenic Murine Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 11 (September 10, 2012): 5916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01303-12.
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ABSTRACTTedizolid phosphate (TR-701) is a novel oxazolidinone prodrug (converted to the active form tedizolid [TR-700]) with potentStaphylococcus aureusactivity. The current studies characterized and compared thein vivopharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of TR-701/TR-700 and linezolid against methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) in the neutropenic murine pneumonia model. The pharmacokinetic properties of both drugs were linear over a dose range of 0.625 to 40 mg/kg of body weight. Protein binding was 30% for linezolid and 85% for TR-700. Mice were infected with one of 11 isolates ofS. aureus, including MSSA and community- and hospital-acquired MRSA strains. Each drug was administered by oral-gastric gavage every 12 h (q12h). The dosing regimens ranged from 1.25 to 80 mg/kg/12 h for linezolid and 0.625 to 160 mg/kg/12 h for TR-701. At the start of therapy, mice had 6.24 ± 0.40 log10CFU/lungs, which increased to 7.92 ± 1.02 log10CFU/lungs in untreated animals over a 24-h period. A sigmoid maximum-effect (Emax) model was used to determine the antimicrobial exposure associated with net stasis (static dose [SD]) and 1-log-unit reduction in organism relative to the burden at the start of therapy. The static dose pharmacodynamic targets for linezolid and TR-700 were nearly identical, at a free drug (non-protein-bound) area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC (AUC/MIC ratio) of 19 and 20, respectively. The 1-log-unit kill endpoints were also similar, at 46.1 for linezolid and 34.6 for TR-700. The exposure targets were also comparable for both MSSA and MRSA isolates. These dosing goals support further clinical trial examination of TR-701 in MSSA and MRSA pneumonia.
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Михайленко, С. Н., В. И. Сердюков, Л. Н. Синица, and С. С. Васильченко. "Светодиодная фурье-спектроскопия H218O в диапазоне 15 000–15 700 см–1." Оптика и спектроскопия 115, no. 6 (2013): 912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s003040341312012x.
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Brimble, Margaret A., Andrew Johnston, Trevor W. Hambley, and Peter Turner. "Crystal Structures of (3S*,4S*,5S*,6S*)-3,4-Epoxy- 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-ol, (3R*,5S*,6S*)-1,7- Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diyl Diacetate and (4S*,5S*,6S*)-1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4,5-diol." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 2 (1997): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96186.
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The structures of (3S*,4S*,5S*,6S*)-3,4-epoxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-ol (2), (3R*,5S*,6S*)-1,7- dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diyl diacetate (4) and (4S*,5S*,6S*)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4,5-diol (5) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The unsubstituted tetrahydropyran ring in (2) adopts an axial position with respect to the epoxy-substituted ring and the hydroxy group at C5 is syn to the epoxide group. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is observed between the C5 hydroxy group and O1. The two six-membered rings in (4) adopt chair conformations and the two acetate groups adopt 1,3-diaxial positions. The C5 hydroxy group in (5) assumes an axial position anti to the C-O bond of the neighbouring ring whilst 4-OH occupies an equatorial position. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is also observed between 4-OH and 5-OH. Compound (2), C9H14O4, M 186·21, crystallized in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with a 7·867(1), b 12·2060(9), c 9·3676(8) Å, b 102·744(8), V 877·4(1) Å 3 and No 1163 [I > 2·5s (I)], R 0·031, Rw 0·035. Compound (4), C13H20O6, M 272·30, crystallized in the triclinic space group P 1 with a 9·902(1), b 11·0024(9), c 6·9183(5)Å, a 104·078(8), b 96·769(9), g 101·980(8), V 703·8(1) Å 3 , No 1657 [I > 2·5s(I)], R 0·047, Rw 0·044. Compound (5), C9H16O4, M 188·22, crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a 25·504(3), b 8·909(2), c 8·038(2) Å, V 1826·4(5) QA 3 , No 1096 [I > 2·5s(I)], R 0·030, Rw 0·030.
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Yeung, Dannii, Takeshi Nakagawa, and Jinmyoung Cho. "RETIREMENT ADJUSTMENT: COMPARISON AMONG CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND KOREAN RETIREES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.471.
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Abstract Moving into retirement is a stressful life event. However, recent research findings suggest that not every retiree experiences maladjustment. This paper investigated longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms during the retirement transition utilizing harmonized data of CHARLS, JSTAR, and KLoSA. Participants were selected for examination if meeting the following criteria: They were working in Wave 1 and had retired in Wave 2 (China=1053; Japan=184; Korea=706). These participants were categorized into two subgroups based on their status in Wave 3, either remained retired or reemployed. The proportion of retirees who were reemployed in Wave 3 is significantly higher in Korea (49.3%) and China (41.1%) than in Japan (17.4%). In each wave, the level of depressive symptoms was measured by the 10-item CES-D scale. Results of the repeated measures analyses show that, even after controlling for gender, mean level of depression increased over time among Korean retirees [F(2,702)=3.65,p=.026,η2=.010], whereas Japanese retirees’ depressive symptoms only increased in Wave 2 (Mean Difference =.83,SE=.39,p=.034) but not in Wave 3. Among Chinese, depressive symptoms did not significantly worsen after retirement, but the changes varied between retired persons and those who were reemployed in Wave 3 [F(1,1030)=4.25, p=.040, η2=.004]. Specifically, individuals who were reemployed after retirement experienced a reduction in depressive symptoms between Wave 1 and 3, whereas a reverse pattern is shown among retirees. This suggests that reemployment is beneficial to the well-being of Chinese retirees. The effects of socioeconomic factors (e.g., private and public health insurance and pension support) on depressive symptoms will be discussed.
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Vendruscolo, Eduardo Pradi, Epitácio José de Souza, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, and Osvaldir Feliciano dos Santos. "Resposta do algodoeiro a diferentes doses de bioestimulante aplicado via semente." Agrarian 11, no. 39 (May 25, 2018): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v11i39.3574.
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A realização deste trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação de diferentes doses de biorregulador, aplicado via semente, sobre o desenvolvimento inicial do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.). O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação localizada na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, onde sementes de duas cultivares de algodoeiro (FMT 701 e FMT 705) foram expostas a seis diferentes doses de biorregulador vegetal (0,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0; 20,0 e 25,0 mL 0,5 kg-1 de sementes). Foram avaliadas as massas frescas e secas da folha, caule e raiz. Também foi avaliado o crescimento da planta, medindo-se a altura e o diâmetro a cada sete dias, até 49 dias de idade da planta. A cultivar FMT 701 apresentou maiores incrementos em matéria fresca e seca de folha, caule e raiz. Apenas a cultivar FMT 705 apresentou variações significativas para a variável diâmetro de caule, a qual teve incremento positivo até o diâmetro máximo de 3,07 mm, correspondente à dose de 7,83 mL biorregulador 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes, também as plantas pré-embebidas com 10 mL 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes apresentaram um incremento em altura de 2,34% em relação à testemunha e 21,29% sobre as plantas pré-embebidas com 25 mL 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes. Concluiu-se que a cultivar FMT 701 se mostrou mais suscetível à aplicação do biorregulador e a dose de biorregulador 10 mL 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes proporcionou o melhor estabelecimento inicial do algodoeiro, nas condições do experimento.
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Wurarah, M., Y. S. Mokosuli, and H. M. Sumampouw. "Biodiversity of Drosophila sp. from the Natural Environment based on the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 Gene." Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 12, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i2.44126.
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Research on insect phylogenetics is intricated by their similar morphology and significant genetic diversity. The cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene is the most widely utilized mitochondrial DNA gene in the identification and study of animal molecular biodiversity. This study aims to identify and reconstruct the phylogeny of fruit flies from North Sulawesi using the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Fruit flies were obtained from 5 (five) areas in North Sulawesi, namely Siau (L1), North Minahasa (L2), Minahasa (L3), Southeast Minahasa (L4), and Bolaang Mongondow (L5). Fruit fly imago limbs were used as a tissue source for genomic DNA extraction. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out using the Quick-DNA™ Miniprep Kit manufacture protocol. The CO1 gene amplification was carried out by the PCR method, and the visualization of the amplicons was carried out by the 1.5% gel electrophoresis method. Nucleotide sequencing used a sequencing service at First BASE Singapore with a bidirectional sequencing method. CO1 gene amplification of each sample was visualized at 690 bp to 702 bp length. After analyzing the CO1 gene concession area using the MEGA XI program, it is found that Drosophila at L1 has 702 bp, L2 has 703 bp, L3 has 698 bp, L4 has 700 bp, and L5 has 697 bp. Based on alignment analysis using the BLAST method, it is found that the L1 fruit fly has a similarity rate of 99.29% (E=0.0) to Drosophila parapallidosa [MK659836.1]. The L2 fruit fly also has a similarity rate of 96.86% with Drosophila parapallidosa [MK659836.1]. The L3 fruit fly has a similarity level of 94.94% with Drosophila parapallidosa [MK659836.1]. The L4 fruit fly has a similarity rate of 94.43% with Drosophila parapallidosa [MK659836.1]. However, the L5 fruit fly shows a similarity rate of 96.86% with Drosophila rubida [EU493593.1]. The reconstruction results with the MEGA XI program using the Minimum Evolution model obtain two monophyletic groups where the fruit fly in Bolaang Mongondow is in a monophyletic group different from other fruit flies. The results of this study prove the variation in fruit fly species in North Sulawesi based on the identification of the CO1 gene.
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Hettiaratchy, Elline C., Binbin Wang, Ashok Dheenan, Joe McGlone, Nidhin Kurian Kalarickal, Núria Bagués, Steven Ringel, David W. McComb, Siddharth Rajan, and Roberto C. Myers. "Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of strain and interdiffusion in β-Ga2O3 superlattices of μ-Fe2O3 and β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 6 (December 2022): 062708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002207.
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Superlattices composed of either monoclinic μ-Fe2O3 or β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 with β-Ga2O3 spacers are grown on (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High-resolution x-ray diffraction data are quantitatively fit using commercial dynamical x-ray diffraction software (LEPTOS) to obtain layer thicknesses, strain, and compositions. The strain state of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and μ-Fe2O3 superlattices as characterized using reciprocal space maps in the symmetric (020) and asymmetric (420) diffraction conditions indicates coherent growths that are strained to the (010) β-Ga2O3 lattice. β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and μ-Fe2O3 superlattices grown at hotter substrate temperatures result in crystal structures with better coherency and reduced defects compared to colder growths. The growth rate of μ-Fe2O3 is ∼2.6 nm/min at Tsub = 700 °C and drops to ∼1.6 nm/min at Tsub = 800 °C due to increased Fe interdiffusion at hotter substrate temperatures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy data of a μ-Fe2O3 superlattice grown at Tsub = 700 °C confirm that there is significant diffusion of Fe atoms into β-Ga2O3 layers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "709.040 1"
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Allwood, Tristan Oliver Richard. "Finding the lazy programmer's bugs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7095.
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Traditionally developers and testers created huge numbers of explicit tests, enumerating interesting cases, perhaps biased by what they believe to be the current boundary conditions of the function being tested. Or at least, they were supposed to. A major step forward was the development of property testing. Property testing requires the user to write a few functional properties that are used to generate tests, and requires an external library or tool to create test data for the tests. As such many thousands of tests can be created for a single property. For the purely functional programming language Haskell there are several such libraries; for example QuickCheck [CH00], SmallCheck and Lazy SmallCheck [RNL08]. Unfortunately, property testing still requires the user to write explicit tests. Fortunately, we note there are already many implicit tests present in programs. Developers may throw assertion errors, or the compiler may silently insert runtime exceptions for incomplete pattern matches. We attempt to automate the testing process using these implicit tests. Our contributions are in four main areas: (1) We have developed algorithms to automatically infer appropriate constructors and functions needed to generate test data without requiring additional programmer work or annotations. (2) To combine the constructors and functions into test expressions we take advantage of Haskell's lazy evaluation semantics by applying the techniques of needed narrowing and lazy instantiation to guide generation. (3) We keep the type of test data at its most general, in order to prevent committing too early to monomorphic types that cause needless wasted tests. (4) We have developed novel ways of creating Haskell case expressions to inspect elements inside returned data structures, in order to discover exceptions that may be hidden by laziness, and to make our test data generation algorithm more expressive. In order to validate our claims, we have implemented these techniques in Irulan, a fully automatic tool for generating systematic black-box unit tests for Haskell library code. We have designed Irulan to generate high coverage test suites and detect common programming errors in the process.
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Degiovanni, Lucia. "Hercules Oetaeus, una tragedia attribuita a Seneca. Introduzione, testo e commento dei vv. 1-705." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86165.
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Ostan, Rita <1979>. "Zinco, invecchiamento e sistema immunitario: effetti sull'apoptosi e sulla proliferazione dei linfociti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/702/1/Rita_Ostan_Tesi.pdf.
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Immunosenescence is characterized by a complex remodelling of the immune system, mainly driven by lifelong antigenic burden. Cells of the immune system are constantly exposed to a variety of stressors capable of inducing apoptosis, including antigens and reactive oxygen species continuously produced during immune response and metabolic pathways. The overall homeostasis of the immune system is based on the balance between antigenic load, oxidative stress, and apoptotic processes on one side, and the regenerative potential and renewal of the immune system on the other.
Zinc is an essential trace element playing a central role on the immune function, being involved in many cellular processes, such as cell death and proliferation, as cofactor of enzymes, nuclear factors and hormones. In this context, the age associated changes in the immune system may be in part due to zinc deficiency, often observed in aged subjects and able to induce impairment of several immune functions.
Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the role of zinc in two essential events for immunity during aging, i.e. apoptosis and cell proliferation. Spontaneous and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry in presence of a physiological concentration of zinc in vitro on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy subjects of different age: a group of young subjects, a group of old subjects and a group of nonagenarians. In addition, cell cycle phases were analyzed by flow cytometry in PBMCs, obtained from the subjects of the same groups in presence of different concentration of zinc. We also analyzed the influence of zinc in these processes in relation to p53 codon 72 polymorphism, known to affect apoptosis and cell cycle in age-dependent manner.
Zinc significantly reduces spontaneous apoptosis in all age-groups; while it significantly increases oxidative stress-induced late apoptosis/necrosis in old and nonagenarians subjects. Some factors involved in the apoptotic pathway were studied and a zinc effect on mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and Bcl-2 expression was found. In conclusion, zinc inhibits spontaneous apoptosis in PBMCs contrasting the harmful effects due to the cellular culture conditions. On the other hand, zinc is able to increase toxicity and induce cell death in PBMCs from aged subjects when cells are exposed to stressing agents that compromise antioxidant cellular systems. Concerning the relationship between the susceptibility to apoptosis and p53 codon 72 genotype, zinc seems to affect apoptosis only in PBMCs from Pro- people suggesting a role of this ion in strengthening the mechanism responsible of the higher propensity of Pro- towards apoptosis.
Regarding cell cycle, high doses of zinc could have a role in the progression of cells from G1 to S phase and from S to G2/M phase. These effect seems depend on the age of the donor but seems to be unrelated to p53 codon 72 genotype.
In order to investigate the effect of an in vivo zinc supplementation on apoptosis and cell cycle, PBMCs from a group of aged subjects were studied before and after six weeks of oral zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation reduces spontaneous apoptosis and it strongly reduces oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. On the contrary, no effect of zinc was observed on cell cycle. Therefore, it’s clear that in vitro and in vivo zinc supplementation have different effects on apoptosis and cell cycle in PBMCs from aged subjects. Further experiments and clinical trials are necessary to clarify the real effect of an in vivo zinc supplementation because this preliminary data could encourage the of this element in all that disease with oxidative stress pathogenesis.
Moreover, the expression of metallothioneins (MTs), proteins well known for their zinc-binding ability and involved in many cellular processes, i.e. apoptosis, metal ions detoxification, oxidative stress, differentiation, was evaluated in total lymphocytes, in CD4+ and in CD8+ T lymphocytes from young and old healthy subjects in presence of different concentration of zinc in vitro. Literature data reported that during ageing the levels of these proteins increase and concomitantly they lose the ability to release zinc. This fact induce a down-regulation of many biological functions related to zinc, such as metabolism, gene expression and signal transduction. Therefore, these proteins may turn from protective in young-adult age to harmful agents for the immune function in ageing following the concept that several genes/proteins that increase fitness early in life may have negative effects later in life: named “Antagonistic Pleyotropy Theory of Ageing”. Data obtained in this work indicate an higher and faster expression of MTs with lower doses of zinc in total lymphocytes, in CD4+ and in CD8+ T lymphocytes from old subjects supporting the antagonistic pleiotropic role of these proteins.
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Citossi, Francesca <1972>. "L'assistenza internazionale nelle emergenze umanitarie. La questione dei rifugiati e degli sfollati nei casi di Kosovo e Kashmir." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/729/1/Tesi_Citossi_Francesca.pdf.
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Morsiani, Cristina <1986>. "Circulating microRNAs during human aging and longevity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7409/1/Morsiani_Cristina_tesi.pdf.
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Strategies to promote active aging and counteract the development of age-related diseases are among the most challenging researches in the framework of Horizon 2020, accordingly with the World Health Organization's declaration that "increased longevity without quality of life is an empty prize”. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of blood circulating microRNAs (miRs) and their expression profile characterizing aging and longevity trajectories, and particularly to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy longevity. To this purpose two experimental designs were defined, the former applied the advanced technology of smallRNA-sequencing (Illumina platform) to screen circulating miRs in a small cohort of different aged people, the latter was based on selected miRs analyzed on a larger cohort. The protocol for sequencing analysis, including library preparation, was optimized and applied on 12 donors, i.e. 3 young healthy donors, 3 old healthy donors, 3 healthy centenarians and 3 unhealthy centenarians. Significant miRs identified by sequencing, i.e. miR-30a-5p, -766-3p, -598-3p, were measured on a larger cohort of 48 subjects. Aging-related miRs previously described, i.e. miR-133a-3p, -206, -16, were analyzed in the same cohort of 48 donors. Circulating miR-206 and miR-16 levels described significant trajectories of aging, while miR-598-3p and miR-133a-3p levels characterized longevity trajectories. All these miRs are involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling, a central pathway for aging process. Finally, blood circulating molecules able to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy were obtained by joining the identified miRs and hemato-biochemical parameters, opening the possibility for further studies on therapeutic approaches.
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Astolfi, Daniele <1987>. "Observers and Robust Output Regulation for Nonlinear Systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7509/1/astolfi_daniele_tesi.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is twofold: on one hand, the design of nonliner observers, on the other, the design of internal-model regulators to solve the robust output regulation problem.
In the observer theory a key role is played by the so called high-gain observers. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to propose novel techniques which allow to overcome or at least to mitigate some of the main drawbacks characterizing this class of observers. Firstly, we study the possibility of writing an observer for multi-input multi-output observable systems in the original coordinates. Then, we propose a novel class of high-gain observers, denoted as ``low-power'', which allows to overcome numerical problems, to avoid the peaking phenomenon and to improve the sensitivity properties to high-frequency measurement noise.
The second part of the thesis addresses the output regulation problem, solved for linear systems during the 70's by Francis and Wonham who coined the celebrated ``internal model principle''. Constructive solutions have also been proposed in the nonlinear framework but under restrictive assumptions that reduce the class of systems to which this methodology can be applied. In this thesis we focus on the output regulation problem in presence of periodic disturbances and we propose a novel approach which allows to consider a broader class of nonlinear systems. With the proposed design the stabilization problem and the regulation problem are substantially decoupled and output regulation is achieved in presence of uncertainties or disturbances, as long as the trajectories of the resulting closed-loop system are bounded.
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Cappi, Valentina <1986>. "La sanità mediata: il rapporto medico-paziente dentro e fuori lo schermo televisivo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7089/1/Cappi_Valentina_tesi.pdf.
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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è rilevare se e quanto i medical dramas abbiano contribuito a ridefinire conoscenze, aspettative e pratiche dei telespettatori/pazienti rispetto a questioni concernenti la salute e il loro ruolo all’interno della relazione medico-paziente. Grazie ad un lavoro di campo, fatto di questionari e interviste con utenti, operatori della sanità di Centro e Nord Italia e studenti di Medicina, sono state poi registrate le modalità di interazione che i protagonisti della scena della cura dichiarano di sperimentare quotidianamente. Ciò ha permesso di rendere conto delle trasformazioni più recenti della professione medica e di come viene elaborato oggi il sapere sulla malattia da parte dei soggetti implicati, fra tecnicismi, atteggiamenti difensivi, sfiducia e affidamento. La tesi restituisce anche alcune modalità sperimentali di interazione fra pazienti e medici, messe in atto in contesti locali, che testimoniano l’esigenza di approdare a un sapere partecipato delle relazioni di cura. Infine, raccogliendo la sfida posta dalle medical humanities, immagina un utilizzo del medical drama nella formazione degli studenti di medicina per l’apprendimento di competenze narrative necessarie ad una pratica medica più umana e efficace.The aim of this thesis is to identify whether and to what degree medical dramas have contributed to redefine TV viewers/patients’ knowledge, expectations, and practices with regard to health-related issues and their role in the doctor-patient relationship. The fieldwork, conducted through questionnaires and interviews with users, medical students and health professionals from Central and Northern Italy, has revealed the interactional modes the key players in medical care declare to experience in everyday life. This has made it possible to access the most recent transformations within the medical profession and the way the involved actors acquire knowledges about illness, amidst technical jargon, defensive behaviours, mistrust and entrustment. Moreover, the thesis offers insight into some experimental modes of interaction between patients and physicians taking place in local contexts, revealing the need to achieve participatory understandings of health care relationships. Finally, embracing the challenge posed from the medical humanities, it conceives of medical dramas as a training tool for medical students to acquire the narrative competence necessary to a more human and effective medical practice.
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Ranci, Ortigosa Cora <1983>. "La strage di Ustica nell'opinione pubblica italiana (1980-1992): analisi di un caso politico e mediatico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7094/1/ranciortigosa_cora_tesi.pdf.
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Questa ricerca indaga come il “caso Ustica” si è articolato nell’opinione pubblica italiana negli anni compresi tra il 1980 e il 1992. Con l'espressione “caso Ustica” ci si riferisce al problema politico determinato dalle vicende legate all’abbattimento dell’aereo civile DC-9 dell’Itavia, avvenuto il 27 giugno 1980 in circostanze che, come noto, furono chiarite solamente a distanza di molti anni dal fatto. L’analisi intende cogliere le specificità del processo che ha portato la vicenda di Ustica ad acquisire rilevanza politica nell’ambito della sfera pubblica italiana, in particolare prendendo in considerazione il ruolo svolto dall’opinione pubblica in un decennio, quale quello degli anni ’80 e dei primi anni ’90 italiani, caratterizzato da una nuova centralità dei media rispetto alla sfera politica. Attraverso l’analisi di un’ampia selezione di fonti a stampa (circa 1500 articoli dei principali quotidiani italiani e circa 700 articoli tratti dagli organi dei partiti politici italiani) si sono pertanto messe in luce le dinamiche mediatiche e politiche che hanno portato alla tematizzazione di una vicenda che era rimasta fino al 1986 totalmente assente dall’agenda politica nazionale. L’analisi delle fonti giudiziarie ha permesso inoltre di verificare come la politicizzazione del caso Ustica, costruita intorno alla tensione opacità/trasparenza del potere politico e all’efficace quanto banalizzante paradigma delle “stragi di Stato”, sia risultata funzionale al raggiungimento, dopo il 1990, dei primi elementi di verità sulla tragedia e all’ampiamento del caso a una dimensione internazionale.This research investigates how the "Ustica case" developed in the Italian public opinion between 1980 and 1992. The term "Ustica case" refers to the political problem determined by the vicissitudes of slaughter happened to the civil place DC-9 Itavia, which occurred June the 27th 1980 in circumstances which, as noted, were clarified only after many years after the fact. The analysis is intended to capture the specificity of the process that led to the events of Ustica to acquire political relevance in the context of the Italian public sphere, in particular taking into account the role played by public opinion in a decade, such as that of the '80s and early 90s in Italy, characterized by a new centrality of the media with respect to the political sphere. Through the analysis of a wide selection of printed sources (about 1500 items of the main Italian newspapers and about 700 articles taken from the organs of Italian political parties) have therefore highlighted the media and political dynamics that led to the theming of an issue that had remained until 1986 completely absent from national politics agenda. The analysis of judicial sources also allowed to check how the politicization of the “Ustica case”, built around the tension opacity / transparency of political power and around effective as trivializing paradigm of "massacres of State", is found at the achievement, after 1990, of the first elements of truth about the tragedy and of the widening of the issue to an international dimension.
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Babayan, Nelli. "Wandering in Twilight? Democracy Promotion by the EU and the USA and Democratization in Armenia." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/706/1/Nelli_Babayan_PhD_Dissertation.pdf.
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Although democracy promotion initiatives have spread around the world and supported transition, many countries have fallen back into autocracy or stalled on their way to democracy. However, the events in the Middle East and Northern Africa have revitalised the issue of democratization. On the other hand, this cry for democracy seems to be homegrown, casting doubts about the efficacy of external democracy promotion. Nevertheless, stalled and setback democracies cannot be blamed solely on the flawed strategies of democracy promoters or autocratic stubbornness of democracy targets. Similarly, labelling democracy promotion as “the grand failure” of the West is an argumentative overstretch, which lacks any practical application.
This dissertation argues that democracy can be achieved from outside, but the obstacles associated with it are more serious than anticipated by promoters. More specifically, the chances of liberal democracy being exported from outside will increase provided the utility of domestic adaptation to democracy is at least moderate, promoters are actively involved in resolution of pressing national issues, and there is no regional actor that blocks democracy and receives support for its policies from the target country.
By structurally and conceptually expanding Schimmelfennig’s international socialization framework, this study develops an analytical framework to decipher mechanisms, strategies, and subsequent outcomes of democracy promotion and democratization. While applied to Armenia, the proposed framework is a useful reference for both academics and practitioners as it provides tools for researching the outcome of democracy and democratization and provides policy recommendations. This dissertation introduces the concept of democracy blocker—a powerful authoritarian regional actor capable and willing to influence domestic policy choices of a democracy promotion target in order to block democratization. This study also makes an empirical contribution by comparing democracy promotion policies in a country that has long been neglected by the academic literature. Using process-tracing, within-case, and before-after analyses, this study compares democracy promotion policies of the EU and the USA within three different target-sectors in Armenia. The analysis of three different target-sectors of democracy promotion—elections, parties, and the media—shows democratic transformation on the macro level of a country and micro level of specific sectors.
This study argues that increased political and economic interdependence and interconnectedness of different realms within a democratizing country has led to merging of international democracy promotion and domestic democratization. In addition, the mere adoption of a law or a code of conduct does not guarantee the establishment of democracy and democratic behaviour by domestic stakeholders. Consequently, a likely upgrade of a formal democratic transformation into a behavioural one, would require democracy promoters to guarantee consistency in their efforts and follow-up on their activities, without assuming that a formally adopted rule or a completed project will necessarily assure rule-based behaviour. Thus, democracy promotion needs to be simultaneously cross-sectoral, offering material incentives for democratic transformation. Democracy promotion has the potential to not only produce numerous academic and policy analyses but also to result in a genuine democratic transformation, if promoters rationally choose their strategies and base them on existing domestic conditions.
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Lamberti, Sara. "Helsinki disentangled (1973-75): West Germany, the Netherlands, the EPC and the principle of the protection of human rights." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/703/1/Tesi_Sara_Lamberti%5B1%5D_april_2012.pdf.
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This work is situated at the intersection between the historiographies on European integration, the Cold War, and human rights, and scrutinizes the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE, 1973-75) from the specific angle of the history of European integration. According to a narrative that has become standard in historiography, the EC countries achieved remarkable cohesion in the CSCE process through the newly-created European Political Cooperation (EPC), an informal intergovernmental mechanism set up in 1970.
This thesis argues instead that the EPC was less successful in achieving cohesion and a common position of the ECâs member states than has been claimed so far. Human rights was a divisive issue, and ideas of détente differed widely in the West European camp. The thesis emphasizes the political fault lines among the nine member states, and in particular between West Germany and the Netherlands, two countries that stand out for their quite different negotiating style and equally different political goals. The author argues that while West German and Dutch foreign policy eventually achieved a degree of coordination, common understanding was lacking. West Germany and the Netherlands often fought for very different goals. In the case of West Germany, its key goal at the CSCE was human relief, a long-standing goal of West German policy that had marked Ostpolitik since its very beginnings: the conspicuous sufferings of German people and the personal experiences of German leaders had a powerful impact on West German foreign policy. The Dutch by contrast thought of human rights as a principle of international law to be used in an ideological confrontation. The work emphasizes the multifaceted nature of the domestic discussions about human rights at the time, points out that the very idea of human rights needs to be historicized, and highlights the role played by domestic influences and by individuals, with a specific focus on domestic political actors, like the Dutch foreign minister Max van der Stoel, who emerges as a staunch â and relatively poorly known - key-advocate of human rights.
Books on the topic "709.040 1"
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Francis, Frascina, and Perry Gillian, eds. Primitivism, cubism, abstraction: The early twentieth century. New Haven: Yale University Press, in association with the Open University, 1993.
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Kft, Karpatia Terkepmuhely. Romania 1:700 000, harta rutiera: Indexul localitatilor = Romania 1:700 000, autoterkep : telepulesjegyzek = Romania 1:700 000, road map : Index to place names. Karpatia Terkepmuhely Kft, 2000.
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Deutschland 1 : 700 000: Citypläne, Touristische Informationen, Ortsregister mit Postleitzahlen. APA Publications Pte Ltd, 2009.
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Deutschland 1 : 700 000: Citypläne, Touristische Informationen, Ortsregister mit Postleitzahlen. GeoCenter International, 1998.
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(Firm), Robinson. New South Wales touring map, scale 1:1 700 000: With comprehensive index to towns. Robinson's, 1988.
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Batún Guerrero, Antonio del Jesús, Luis Giovanni Ramírez Sánchez, Ángel Guadalupe Priego Santander, and José Manuel Camacho Sanabria. Paisajes físico-geográficos de ocho municipios del Estado de México, México a escala 1:250 000. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ciga.002b.2022.
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Este producto cartográfico muestra la localización y distribución espacial de los paisajes físico-geográficos en ocho municipios del poniente del Estado de México a escala 1:250,000. Se determinaron geosistemas a nivel taxonómico de clase (5), subclase (14), localidades (37), parajes complejos (64) y parajes simples (137). Derivado del análisis de las unidades de paisaje, se tiene que más del 70% del territorio corresponde a montañas y lomeríos. En la litología existe una predominancia en formaciones de basalto (31.62%) y Andesita (18.1%). Siendo el suelo dominante el Andosol húmico (43.67%).
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Polska 2003-04, Mapa Samochodowa Z Podziaem Administracyjnym: 1:700 000 (1cm=7km): Nowe Autostrady ... Wydanie X--Teraz 16.487 Miejscowosci. Kompas Wydawn. Kartograficzne, 2003.
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Rudyard, Kipling. The Oxford Bookworms Library: Stage 2: 700 Headwords The Jungle Book. Oxford University Press, USA, 2000.
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Timmins, Bryan. Non-prescription drugs. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0342.
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The use of non-prescription drugs is widespread and has a major impact on the health of the individual user and society. In 2006, the British Crime Survey reported that 10% of adults had used one or more illicit drugs in the preceding year, with 3% reporting using a Class A drug. Over 11 million people in the UK are estimated to have used an illicit drug at least once in their lifetime (35%). Drugs abused vary in their intrinsic potential to cause addiction and, with it, more regular and harmful use. Drug users are influenced by trends and fashions, adopting new compounds such as crack cocaine and experimenting with routes of ingestion. Some drugs may become less popular over time, such as LSD, while others, such as cannabis, experience a revival as more potent strains (e.g. Skunk) are developed. A problem drug user is best defined as a person whose drug taking is no longer controlled or undertaken for recreational purposes and where drugs have become a more essential element of the individual’s life. The true economic and social cost of drug use is likely to be substantially greater than the published figures, which are derived from a variety of health and crime surveys which may overlook vulnerable groups such as the homeless. The majority of non-prescription drugs used in the UK are illegal and covered by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. The drugs most commonly abused gave rise in 2003–4 to an estimated financial cost in England and Wales of 15.4 billion pounds to the economy, with Class A drugs such as heroin and cocaine accounting for the majority of this. Some 90% of the cost is due to drug-related crime, with only 3% (£488 million) due to health service expenditure, which is mainly spent on inpatient care episodes. This still represents a major health pressure, which in 2006–7 amounted to 38 000 admissions, in England, for primary and secondary drug-related mental or behavioural problems, and over 10 000 admissions recorded for drug poisoning. Clinicians in all specialities can expect to encounter harmful drug use, especially those working in primary care, A & E, and psychiatric services. Presenting problems are protean, ranging from mood disorders, delirium, and psychosis to sepsis, malnutrition, and hepatitis. Blood-borne infections such as hepatitis C and HIV are widespread, as contaminated needles and syringes are shared by up to a quarter of problem drug users. Even smoking drugs such as crack cocaine can lead to increased transmission of hepatitis C through oral ulceration and contact with hot contaminated smoking pipes. Amongst the UK population, over half of IV drug users have hepatitis C, a quarter have antibodies to hepatitis B, and, by 2006, 4662 had been diagnosed with HIV. Non-prescription drug abuse is a leading cause of death and morbidity amongst the young adult population (those aged 16–35). In 2006 there were 1573 deaths where the underlying cause was poisoning, drug abuse, or dependence on substances controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act. The vast majority (79%) were male. Young men, in particular, are at greater risk of violent death through associated criminal activity such as drug supplying and from deliberate and accidental overdose. The male-to-female ratio for deaths associated with mental and behavioural disorder is 6:1.
Book chapters on the topic "709.040 1"
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Salzwedel, Jürgen. "Gentechnische Forschungsarbeiten der Sicherheitsstufe 1 und staatliche Kontrolle." In Festschrift für Ralf Vieregge zum 70. Geburtstag am 6. November 1995, edited by Jürgen F. Baur, Rainer Jacobs, Manfred Lieb, and Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, 755–74. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110901900-048.
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Bemmann, Günter. "Über den Angleichungsgrundsatz des § 3 Abs. 1 StVollzG." In Festschrift für Karl Lackner zum 70. Geburtstag am 18. Februar 1987, edited by Wilfried Küper, Ingeborg Puppe, and Jörg Tenckhoff, 1047–56. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110906493-049.
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Pegoretti, Anna. "Lo “studium” e la biblioteca di Santa Maria Novella nel Duecento e nei primi anni del Trecento (con una postilla sul Boezio di Trevet)." In The Dominicans and the Making of Florentine Cultural Identity (13th-14th centuries) / I domenicani e la costruzione dell'identità culturale fiorentina (XIII-XIV secolo), 105–39. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-046-7.09.
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Building on recent scholarship, this article sketches the development of the Florentine studium of Santa Maria Novella in the thirteenth century, before it became a studium generale between 1305 and 1311. The catalogue of Santa Maria Novella’s library and the information regarding works which were conceived there are collected and analysed to outline the core of the ancient library. The first quire of the manuscript Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv. soppr. G 3.451 (cc. 1-8) constitutes a notable case study for the learning interests of Dominican friars. Finally, this article discusses the controversial letter written by Nicholas Trevet to the dedicatee of his commentary on Boethius’ Consolatio Philosophiae and re-assesses its disputed connec- tion with the Florentine environment.
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Proferes, Nicholas. "The Development of Privacy Norms." In Modern Socio-Technical Perspectives on Privacy, 79–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82786-1_5.
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AbstractThis chapter addresses how we develop, revisit, and negotiate norms around privacy when confronted with new technologies. The chapter first examines Nissenbaum’s (Washington Law Review 79(1):119–157, 2004) theory of privacy as contextual integrity, a framework that helps unpack how context-relevant norms for appropriateness and transmission can be challenged by new technologies. It then reviews how social norms develop as we build mental models of how a technology works during its diffusion process. The chapter concludes with suggestions for designers about approaches for thinking through implications when a design may challenge a preexisting social norm, or where there is no socially agreed upon norm. This includes careful reflection on who challenges to the current social norms may benefit and who they may hurt.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Ragaa, and Edward G. Niles. "Transient and Inducible Expression of Vaccinia/T7 Recombinant Viruses." In Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology, 41–50. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-789-0:041.
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Monazzah, Amir Mahdi Hosseini, Amir M. Rahmani, Antonio Miele, and Nikil Dutt. "Exploiting Memory Resilience for Emerging Technologies: An Energy-Aware Resilience Exemplar for STT-RAM Memories." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 505–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_21.
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AbstractDue to the consistent pressing quest of larger on-chip memories and caches of multicore and manycore architectures, Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM or STT-RAM) has been proposed as a promising technology to replace classical SRAMs in near-future devices. Main advantages of STT-RAMs are a considerably higher transistor density and a negligible leakage power compared with SRAM technology. However, the drawback of this technology is the high probability of errors occurring especially in write operations. Such errors are asymmetric and transition-dependent, where 0 → 1 is the most critical one, and is high subjected to the amount and current (voltage) supplied to the memory during the write operation. As a consequence, STT-RAMs present an intrinsic trade-off between energy consumption vs. reliability that needs to be properly tuned w.r.t. the currently running application and its reliability requirement. This chapter proposes FlexRel, an energy-aware reliability improvement architectural scheme for STT-RAM cache memories. FlexRel considers a memory architecture provided with Error Correction Codes (ECCs) and a custom current regulator for the various cache ways and conducts a trade-off between reliability and energy consumption. FlexRel cache controller dynamically profiles the number of 0 → 1 transitions of each individual bit write operation in a cache block and based on that selects the most-suitable cache way and current level to guarantee the necessary error rate threshold (in terms of occurred write errors) while minimizing the energy consumption. We experimentally evaluated the efficiency of FlexRel against the most efficient uniform protection scheme from reliability, energy, area, and performance perspectives. Experimental simulations performed by using gem5 has demonstrated that while FlexRel satisfies the given error rate threshold, it delivers up to 13.2% energy saving. From the area footprint perspective, FlexRel delivers up to 7.9% cache ways’ area saving. Furthermore, the performance overhead of the FlexRel algorithm which changes the traffic patterns of the cache ways during the executions is 1.7%, on average.
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Ryan, Louise. "The Direct and Indirect Role of Migrants’ Networks in Accessing Diverse Labour Market Sectors: An Analysis of the Weak/Strong Ties Continuum." In IMISCOE Research Series, 23–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_2.
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AbstractMuch has been written about how migrants may utilise social networks to access jobs. Nevertheless, gaps remain in our understanding of how skills, labour market sectors, education level, language proficiency, etc. may influence the relationship between network ties and employment opportunities. Moreover, it is important to adopt a temporal perspective to understand change over time (Ryan L, D’Angelo A, Soc Netw 53:148–158, 2018). Strategies adopted to initially access the labour market, in a new destination, may differ from how employment seeking trajectories develop as migrants become more familiar with local contexts and gain relevant work-experience. This chapter draws upon interviews with diverse migrants, in London, across varied public and private sectors jobs. Beyond a simple binary of strong versus weak ties, I build upon my analytical framework (Ryan L, Sociol Rev, 59(4):707–724, 2011; Ryan L, Sociol Rev, 64(4):951–969, 2016), I explore the relationships within ties, the flow of resources and the relative social location of the actors vertically and horizontally. In so doing, this chapter aims to contribute to understanding migrant networks in three key ways. (1) How migrants’ networks operate both directly and indirectly in job seeking strategies and career development. (2) How the role of networks may differ across varied labour market sectors. (3) How weak and strong ties can be conceptualised as a continuum of dynamic relationships.
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Churakova, Olga V., Trevor J. Porter, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Vladimir S. Myglan, Marina V. Fonti, and Eugene A. Vaganov. "Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings of Boreal Forests." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 581–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_20.
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AbstractThe boreal forests are widely expanded from subarctic forest to tundra, and from taigato forest-steppe zone (from 50 °N to 70 °N). We reviewed available stable isotope chronologies in tree-ring cellulose (δ13C, δ18O and δ2H) from 16 sites located in the Russian Federation; 4 research sites from Fennoscandia (Finland, Sweden and Norway); 5 sites from Canada, and 1 site from Alaska (USA) to evaluate impact of climatic changes from seasonal to annual scale across boreal forest ecosystems. Results of our review of carbon isotope data showed that droughtconditions (mainly high vapour pressure deficit) are prevalent for western and central regions of Eurasia, Alaska and Canada, while northeastern and eastern sites of Eurasian subarctic are showing water shortage developments resulting from decreasing precipitation. Oxygen isotopechronologies show increasing trends towards the end of the twentieth century mainly for all chronologies, except for the Siberian northern and southern sites. The application of the multiple stable isotope proxies (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) is beneficial to study responses of boreal forests to climate change in temperature-limited environments. However, a deeper knowledge of hydrogen isotope fractionation processes at the tree-ring cellulose level is needed for a sound interpretation and application of δ2H for climate reconstructions, especially for the boreal forest zone where forest ecosystems are more sensitive to climatic and environmental changes.
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Meddi, Mohamed, and Saeid Eslamian. "Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_114-1.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Evelyne Touré N’Datchoh, Véronique Yoboué, Arona Diedhiou, and Bernhard Vogel. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1515–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.
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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Conference papers on the topic "709.040 1"
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Hendricks, Robert C., Thomas A. Griffin, Teresa R. Kline, Kristine R. Csavina, Arvind Pancholi, and Dvandra Sood. "Relative Performance Comparison Between Baseline Labyrinth and Dual Brush Compressor Discharge Seals in a T-700 Engine Test." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-266.
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In separate series of YT-700 engine tests, direct comparisons were made between the forward-facing labyrinth and dual-brush compressor discharge seals. Compressor speeds to 43 000 rpm, surface speeds to 160 m/s (530 ft/s), pressures to 1 MPa (145 psi), and temperatures to 680 K (765°F) characterized these tests. The wear estimate for 46 hr of engine operations was less than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) of the Haynes 25 alloy bristles running against a chromium-carbide-coated rub runner. The pressure drops were higher for the dual-brush seal than for the forward-facing labyrinth seal and leakage was lower-with the labyrinth seal leakage being 2½ times greater-implying better seal characteristics, better secondary airflow distribution, and better engine performance (3 percent at high pressure to 5 percent at lower pressure) for the brush seal. (However, as brush seals wear down (after 500 to 1000 hr of engine operation), their leakage rates will increase.) Modification of the secondary flow path requires that changes in cooling air and engine dynamics be accounted for.
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Afanasyeva, K. P., A. N. Rusakovich, N. E. Kharchenko, I. D. Aleksandrov, and M. V. Aleksandrova. "GENOMIC CHANGES IN THE PROGENY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MALES IRRADIATED BY y-RAYS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-328-331.
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The results of sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of genomic changes in 9 F1 progeny of males from the isogenic line D. melanogaster irradiated by Co60 Y—rays at a dose of 40 Gy (LD85) and in 3 control samples are presented. In 9 progeny from irradiated males, a total of 46 genomic changes (32 significant and 15 mosaic de novo mutations) were found, which is equal to a frequency of 5.2 mutations/genome. The spectrum of changes included 33 deletions (17-78 000 bp in size), 4 duplications (322-1371 bp), 4 reciprocal translocations and 6 inversions in X, 2 and 3 chromosomes. In 3 studied control samples, 2 deletions (98 and 128 bp in length) were found in 3 chromosome (frequency - 0.66 mutations/genome). This shows that in the progeny of irradiated males, the frequency of de novo mutations at the genome level is 7.9 times higher than in the control, even without taking into account base substitutions and indels, the analysis of which is ongoing. Almost half of the identified structural changes in the genome affect coding genes. Thus, the results show that next-generation genome sequencing can detect a much wider range of mutations of any size. This indicates a much higher genetic hazard of sparsely ionizing radiation than previously thought.
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Мохорт, Т. В., Н. Д. Коломиец, Е. Г. Мохорт, Е. В. Федоренко, and С. В. Петренко. "ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЙОДНОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ МОНИТОРИНГА ВРОЖДЕННОГО ГИПОТИРЕОЗА." In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-194.
Full textAbstract:
В Республике Беларусь для ликвидации недостаточности йода в продуктах питания была использована
стратегия, внедренная в 2000г. и основанная на использовании йодированной соли не только в качестве
кухонной соли, но также её использовании в продуктах питания. Cогласно этим рекомендациям, йодированная соль остается основой программ йодной профилактики, но акцент делается на роли продуктов
питания, изготовленных с использованием йодированной соли.
Анализ данных медицинского мониторинга в Республике Беларусь свидетельствует об общей закономерности снижения заболеваемости йоддефицитной патологией щитовидной железы. Особую значимость
имеют показатели, оценка которых проводится по единой методологии. Из многообразия данных по оценке заболеваемости йоддефицитной патологией щитовидной железы только врожденный гипотиреоз
устанавливается на основании сплошного 2-этапного скрининга новорожденных в соответствии с консенсусными рекомендациями Европейского общества детских эндокринологов 2014 г. и использованием
единых критериев.
Динамика первичной заболеваемости врожденным гипотиреозом, основанная на подтверждении
диагноза на втором этапе скрининга, свидетельствует о достижении стабильного результата (в 2006 г.
первичная заболеваемость ПВГ составила 1,96 на 100 000, в 2016 г. — 1,27 на 100 000 населения, а в 2020 г. –
1.14 на 100 000 населения, в 2022г. - 0). Распространенность врожденного гипотиреоза (по данным неонатального скрининга с подтверждением на 2-м этапе 2020г.) составляет 1:4216, что соответствует данным,
полученным в европейских странах. При этом отмечаются различия в показателях в различных областях.
Так, например, при показателе в 2019 г. в Гомельской области 2.45 на 100 000 населения, в 2020 г. он составил 0,34 на 100 000 населения, а в 2022 -4,08 на 100 000 населения, что может свидетельствовать о спорадическом генезе врожденного гипотиреоза.
Сохранение в Республике Беларусь на протяжении многих лет наблюдения стабильно низкого уровня
заболеваемости врожденным гипотиреозом, характерным для популяций Европейского региона с адекватным потреблением йода с продуктами питания, косвенно свидетельствует о наличии адекватной йодной
обеспеченности.
Приведенные данные представляют интерес с позиций доказанного наличия недостижения медианы
(Ме) экскреции йода с мочой у беременных по данным исследования, проведенного в Беларуси в 2017 г.
и включавшего 700 беременных из различных областей. По результатам вышеуказанного исследования
в среднем по стране Ме йодурии составила 121,2 мкг/л, что ниже целевого показателя (150 мкг/л). Диапазoн
колебаний показателя составил от 104,5 мкг/л в Витебской области до 159,7 мкг/л в Брестской области.
Анализ использования добавок йодида калия беременными показал, что частота использования рекомендованных доз йодида калия (100-150 мкг в сутки) коррелировала с показателями экскреции йода
с мочой, но не отражалась на заболеваемости врожденным гипотиреозом.
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Bamwesigye, Dastan, Evans Yeboa, Seval Ozbalci, Jitka Fialova, Robert Tweheyo, and Obed Asamoah. "YOUTHS PERCEPTIONS OF AGROFORESTRY IN UGANDA: MOTIVATIONS AND WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN HIGHLAND AGROFORESTRY TREE PLANTING AND LANDSCAPE PROTECTION." In Public recreation and landscape protection - with environment hand in hand! Mendel University in Brno, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0403.
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Landry, M. J., J. W. Rupert, and A. Mittas. "Photovoltaic array GaAs cells response driven by high-power laser diodes." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thaa8.
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We describe the performance of four Applied Solar Energy Corp. and one Varian photovoltaic-array (PVA) GaAs solar cells, one monolithic and four segmented cells. The active layers of these cells are grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition techniques. The cell characteristics described include (1) electrical power (EP) vs cell resistance, (2) current vs voltage, (3) optimum resistance R, (4) efficiency E, and (5) fill factor (FF) for different incident LD optical power (LP) levels, respectively. For the 1-, 2-, 2'-, 10-, and 16-V cell with LP = 1.5 W (1) the EP is 0.58, 0.49, 0.73, 0.40, and 0.23 W, (2) the short circuit current is 839, 411, 371, 67.2, and 30.6 mA and the open circuit voltage is 1.08, 2.16, 2.28, 10.45, and 16.73 V, (4) R is 1.1, 5.6, 5.9, 170, and 700 Ω, (4) E(max) is 49, 39, 46, 29, and 18%, respectively, and (5) FF is 0.655, 0.534, 0.864, 0.60, and 0.445, respectively. EP decreases with increasing cell voltage rating. At a specific output voltage, the cell current is found to increase with increasing LP. R decreases with increasing cell voltage rating. The R vs LP curves are found to fit a power relationship; R = aLP expb, where a and b are constant for a cell but different for each cell. For 0.1 W of uniform white light and nonuniform LD light transmitted through a FO, the FFs of the 2- and 16-V cells differ by 2.3 and 0.4%, respectively.
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Boiko, Yuri B., and Sergio Calixto. "Dry Photopolymer Films for Computer Generated Middle Infrared Focusing Elements Fabrication." In Difraction Optics: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/do.1992.mb4.
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Fabrication of the relief focusing elements are known to include the illumination of light sensitive materials through computer generated /l/ multy-grey-level amplitude mask with corresponding amplitude function of the focusing element /2,3/. In this report the use of dry photopolymer films (see /4/) is discussed. The photopolymer films based on the acrylamide (monomer), polyvinylalcohol (binder), methylene blue (sensitizer) and triethanolamine (initiator) were prepared according to the procedure previously described /4/. The exposure set up used is shown on the fig.1. The photosensitive layer provided sensitivity in the 600-700 nm spectral region, so as a light source 1 the 3 00 Watt halogen lamp with the reflector 2 was used. The filter 3 absorbed the heat radiation to prevent the amplitude mask damaging. The parallel beam at the output was formed by lenses 4. Polymer layer 7 was placed on the glass substrate 8. The direct contact of polymer layer and amplitude mask 6 was provided by glass substrate 5. Polymer layer thickness was 100 μm.
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Conceição, Jamille Karoyne da, and Ana Paula de Mello. "Malnutrition associated with Wallenberg Syndrome: Case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.599.
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Introduction: Wallenberg Syndrome (SW) is characterized by the condition of swallowing impairment, and nutritional assessment is essential to prevent weight loss. Objective: To report a case of malnutrition associated with SW. Methods: Report of malnutrition in a patient diagnosed with SW in a public hospital in Santa Catarina-Brazil. Results: Elderly, 67 years old, male, retiring, systemic arterial hypertension story and ischemic stroke (without sequelae). He sought assistance on 03/17/2020 in a public hospital in Joinville/SC reporting dysphagia and vertigo, being admitted for investigation of a new vascular event. During hospitalization, he presented: constipation, vertigo, hoarseness, odynophagia, hiccups, regurgitation, emesis, heartburn and drooling. He underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging confirming infarction in a left posterior-lateral bulb, with a vertebral lesion in the V4 portion, characterizing the SW. He underwent a videodeglutogram, showing a risk of silent bronchoaspiration and with prolonged rehabilitation time, making it necessary to choose an alternative feeding route, initially a nasoenteral tube. Initial anthropometric assessment (03/17/2020): BMI 27.47 kg/m² (height: 163 cm, weight: 73 kg). During hospitalization there was a reduction of -7.9 kg (final weight 65.1 kg; BMI 24.3 kg/m², totaling 10.82% loss (04/23/2020) in 1 month (considered severe). Brachial circumference decreased from 31 (03/24) to 28 cm (04/10). On physical examination: distended abdomen, loss of muscle mass at the temples and subcutaneous fat (biceps). This abrupt nutritional loss was associated with low diet tolerance gastrointestinal night infusion and volumes above 85 ml/h, making it impossible to reach a nutritional goal, he was discharged with gastrostomy, continued to undergo rehabilitation with a speech therapist at home and after 3 months he returned to exclusive oral feeding. Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with SW should be monitored about diet tolerance and to avoid risk of complications associated with weight loss and risk of bronchoaspiration.
Reports on the topic "709.040 1"
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ภัคภิญโญ, สมศักดิ์, จิโรจ ศศิปรียจันทร์, and รชฎ ตันติเลิศเจริญ. การทำลายเชื้อไวรัสเอเวียนอินฟลูเอนซาสายพันธุ์เอช 5 เอ็น 1 ที่แยกได้จากไก่ในประเทศไทยด้วยสารเคมีและวิธีทางกายภาพ : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยลัย, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.83.
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การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการศึกษาความคงทนของเชื้อไวรัสเอเวียนอินฟลูเอนซาสายพันธุ์ เอช 5 เอ็น 1 ที่แยกไก่จากไก่ในเขตจังหวัดภาคกลาง และภาคตะวันออกของประเทศไทย ระหว่างเดือนมกราคม ถึง กุมภาพันธ์ 2547 ซึ่งเป็นการระบาดครั้งแรก และ เดือนตุลาคม 2547 ซึ่งเป็นการระบาดครั้งที่ 2 ด้วยน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อ วิธีทางกายภาพและความเป็นกรด-ด่าง ด้วยการเก็บตัวอย่าง อวัยวะ ปอด ลำไส้ ท่อลม และตับ จากไก่ป่วยที่สงสัย มาทำการแยกและพิสูจน์เชื้อไวรัสเอเวียนอินฟลูเอนซาสายพันธุ์ เอช 5 เอ็น 1 ด้วยวิธีการฉีดในไข่ไก่ฟักอายุ 11 วัน วิธีการจับกลุ่มตกตะกอนของเม็ดเลือดแดง วิธีการยับยั้งจับกลุ่มตกตะกอนของเม็ดเลือดแดง และวิธีการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสโดยวิธีปฏิกิริยาลูกโซ่โพลิเมอเรส หลังจากนั้นทำการเพิ่มจำนวนเชื้อไวรัสด้วยการฉีดในไข่ไก่ฟัก และตรวจหาปริมาณไวรัสในน้ำไข่ไก่ฟัก เก็บน้ำไข่ไก่ฟักนี้ที่ -80 องศาเซลเซียส ( ซ) นำน้ำไข่ไก่ฟักที่มีเชื้อไวรัสมาสกัดอาร์เอ็นเอ (RNA) เพื่อนำไปส่งตรวจการเรียงตัวของนิวคลีโอไทด์ของยีนฮีแมกกลูตินิน (hemagglutinin; HA) และนิวรามินิเดส (neuraminidase; NA) นำมาวิเคราะห์การเรียงตัวของนิวคลีโอไทด์ด้วยโปรแกรมสำเร็จรูป BioEdit version 7.0.5.3 ทำการคัดเลือกเชื้อไวรัสจำนวน 3 เชื้อ มาทดสอบการคงอยู่ของเชื้อไวรัสปริมาณ 1.0 x 10[superscript 8] ELD[subscript 50]/ml ด้วยน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อ กลูตารัลดีไฮด์ ไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ ควอเตอร์นารีแอมโมเนียม กลูตารัลดีไฮด์ผสมกับกลุ่มควอเตอร์นารี แอมโมเนียม ไอโอดีน คลอรีน ฟอร์มาลิน และฟีนอล ด้วยอัตราส่วนความเข้มข้นที่แนะนำ ที่อุณหภูมิ 25 และ 37 องศาเซลเซียส ณ วันที่ 0, 5, 7 และ 14 ซึ่งมีระยะเวลาสัมผัสของเชื้อไวรัสและน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อนาน 10 นาที วิธีทางกายภาพด้วยอุณหภูมิ 55, 60, 65 70 และ 75 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลานาน 10, 15, 30, 45 และ 60 นาที และความเป็นกรด-ด่าง 3, 5, 7 9 และ 12 โดยใช้กรดไฮโดรคลอริกและโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ผสมในสารละลายฟอสเฟตบัฟเฟอร์ ซึ่งมีระยะเวลาสัมผัสของเชื้อไวรัสและสารละลายที่ปรับความเป็นกรด-ด่างนาน 5 และ 10 นาที หลังจากนั้นนำมาฉีดไข่ไก่ฟักอย่างละ 6 ฟอง นำเข้าตู้ฟักไข่ สังเกตและบันทึกการตายของไข่ไก่ฟักเป็นระยะเวลานาน 7 วัน หากพบว่าไข่ไก่ฟักตายทำการเก็บน้ำไข่ไก่ฟักเพื่อแยกและพิสูจน์เชื้อไวรัสดังวิธีการข้างต้น ผลพบว่า สามารถแยกเชื้อไวรัสเอเวียนอินฟลูเอนซาสายพันธุ์ เอช 5 เอ็น 1 จากการระบาดครั้งแรกได้จำนวน 8 เชื้อ และครั้งที่ 2 ได้จำนวน 1 เชื้อ ทั้ง 9 เชื้อ มีจำนวนนิวคลีโอไทด์ และความเหมือนของการเรียงตัวของนิวคลีโอไทด์ของยีน HA และ NA คือ 1638 – 1670 และ 1306 – 1321 และระหว่างร้อยละ 99.32 – 99.88 และ 99.16 – 100 ตามลำดับ คัดเลือกเชื้อไวรัสจำนวน 3 เชื้อคือ 2004.1, CUK-2/04 และ 2004.2 มาทำการศึกษาพบว่า มิความคงทนต่ำหรือไม่มีความคงทนเลยต่อน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อกลูตารัลดีไฮด์ กลูตารัลดีไฮด์ผสมกับกลุ่มควอเตอนารีแอมโมเนียม คลอรีน และฟีนอล ที่อุณหภูมิ 25 และ 37 องศาเซลเซียส อุณหภูมิ 65 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลา 60 ที และ/หรืออุณหภูมิ 70 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลาอย่างน้อย 10 นาที และพบว่าเชื้อไวรัสคงทนต่อสภาพความเป็นกรด-ด่าง ต่าง ๆ ในช่วงที่ทำการศึกษา จากการศึกษาครั้งนี้พบว่า CUK-2/04 ค่อนข้างคงทนต่อน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อ อุณหภูมิ และความเป็นกรด-ด่างมากที่สุด
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Ávila Mellizo, Greace Alejandra, and Nidia Esperanza González Toloza. Comportamiento epidemiológico del cáncer en menores de 18 años en Colombia, 2019. Instituto Nacional de Salud, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2021v3n4a1.
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Antecedentes: el cáncer infantil es considerado un evento poco frecuente; sin embargo, es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en menores de 18 años a nivel mundial. El objetivo del estudio es presentar el comportamiento epidemiológico de la notificación al sistema de vigilancia en salud pública nacional (Sivigila) del cáncer en menores de 18 años en 2019. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la notificación de casos al Sivigila en el país durante 2019. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva en variables de persona, tiempo y lugar; se calcularon los indicadores para el evento. Resultados: se notificaron 1 790 casos confirmados demostrando un aumento con respecto a los años anteriores; los tumores más frecuentes fueron leucemias. La tasa de incidencia de notificación para todos los tumores fue de 12,5 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes y la incidencia de notificación de leucemias en menores de 15 años fue de 5,9 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes. El 55,9 % de los casos se reportaron en el sexo masculino y la población indígena aportó el 1,4 % de los casos. Conclusiones: el aumento de la notificación para el 2019 comparado con los años anteriores muestra que el sistema de vigilancia se ha robustecido. La incidencia de leucemias notificadas es comparable con la reportada a nivel mundial; sin embargo, es mayor que la reportada en países con mayores recursos económicos.
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อดิเรกถาวร, อดิศร, มงคล เตชะกำพุ, and สาโรช งามขำ. การใช้โอโอไซต์ชนิดสด แช่สารละลายเกลือ และแช่แข็งที่ยังไม่พร้อมปฏิสนธิ และพร้อมปฏิสนธิเพื่อตรวจสอบความสามารถในการปฏิสนธิของตัวอสุจิพ่อสุกร. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2000. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2000.52.
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จุดประสงค์ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้เพื่อเปรียบเทียบการเจาะผ่านของตัวอสุจิของพ่อสุกรสายพันธ์แลนด์เรซ 2 ตัว (A และ B) โดยนำไปปฏิสนธิกับโอโอไซต์ชนิดที่ไม่พร้อมปฏิสนธิ (การทดลองที่ 1) และชนิดพร้อมปฏิสนธิ (การทดลองที่ 2) โดยเป็นโอโอไซต์ 3 ชนิด คือชนิดสด ชนิดแช่สารละลายเกลือ และชนิดแช่แข็ง การทดลองที่ 1 เมื่อนำโอโอไซต์ที่ไม่พร้อมปฏิสนธิชนิดต่างๆ มาทำการตรวจสอบการเจาะผ่านของตัวอสุจิสุกร A พบว่าอัตราการเจาะผ่านมีค่า 59.6% (59/59), 78.1% (75/96) และ 77.8% (77/99) สำหรับโอโอไซต์สด แช่สารละลายเกลือ และแช่แข็ง ตามลำดับ พบว่าโอโอไซต์ชนิดสดมีอัตราการเจาะผ่านน้อยกว่าโอโอไซต์อีกสองชนิดที่เหลือ (P<0.05) และมีจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์ 2.79 0.42ล 2.97 0.29 และ 2.29 0.26 ตัว สำหรับโอโอไซต์สด แช่สารละลายเกลือ และแช่แข็งตามลำดับ ซึ่งพบว่าไม่มีความแตกต่างกัน (P>0.05) สำหรับสุกร B พบว่าอัตราการเจาะผ่านมีค่า 65.3% (62/95), 76.8% (73/95) และ 67.0๔(65/97) ตามลำดับ และมีจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์ 2.25 0.28, 3.63 0.42 และ 2.57 0.36 ตัว สำหรับโอโอไซต์สด แช่สารละลายเกลือ และแช่แข็งตามลำดับ พบว่าโอโอไซต์ชนิดแช่สารละลายเกลือจะมีอัตราการเจาะผ่าน และจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์สูงสุด (P<0.05) การทดลองที่ 2 ทำการเลี้ยงโอโอไซต์ในพร้อมปฏิสนธิในน้ำยาพร้อมปฏิสนธิในหลอดทดลองก่อนที่จะนำไปเก็บรักษาในสารละลายเกลือและแช่แข็ง เมื่อนำโอโอไซต์ดังกล่าวมาทำการตรวจสอบการเจาะผ่านของตัวอสุจิสุกร A พบว่าอัตราการเจาะผ่านมีค่า 85.1% (74/87)ม 86.1% (56/65) และ 89.1% (79/88) และจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์ 13.87 1.45, 17.69 2.61 และ 14.45 1.75 ตัว สำหรับโอโอไซต์สด แช่สารละลายเกลือ และแช่แข็งตามลำดับ ซึ่งพบว่าไม่มีความแตกต่างกัน (P>0.05) สำหรับสุกร B พบว่าอัตราการเจาะผ่านมีค่าน้อยที่สุดในกลุ่มโอโอไซต์สด 52.63% (50/95) เปรียบเทียบกับโอโอไซต์ที่แช่สารละลายเกลือและแช่แข็ง 67.3% (64/95) และ 67.0% (65/97) (P<0.05) และมีจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์ต่ำที่สุด เท่ากับ1.55 0.31, 2.80 0.35 และ 2.87 0.40 ตัว (P<0.05) ตามลำดับ จากการศึกษานี้สรุปว่าพ่อสุกรและวิธีการเก็บรักษาโอโอไซต์มีผลต่ออัตราการเจาะผ่านและจำนวนอสุจิต่อโอโอไซต์ และมีความเป็นไปได้ในการนำวิธีนี้ไปใช้ในการตรวจสอบความแตกต่างของความสามารถในการปฏิสนธิของพ่อสุกรได้
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Dorman, Eleanor, Zara Markovic-Obiago, Julie Phillips, Richard Szydlo, and Darren K. Patten. Wellbeing in UK Frontline Healthcare Workers During Peaks One and Three of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ejgm.2022.01.01.
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Background: COVID-19 had a huge impact on the wellbeing of healthcare workers (HCWs). This is well documented during the first peak of the pandemic. With cases in the UK rising for a third peak, hospitalisations and deaths surpassing the first, there is very little known about the mental health of HCWs during this time. Methods: Using a questionnaire, data was collected from patient-facing staff at Barking, Havering, and Redbridge University Trust to quantify and compare the period prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD during the first peak (P1: March-May 2020) and third peak (P3: December 2020-Feburary 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as wellbeing service use, demographics of responders and what they found most difficult during the peaks. Results: Of 158 responders, only 22·4% felt they had enough access to wellbeing services during P1 and 21·5% in P3. Of those who used wellbeing services 34·4% found them useful in P1 and 34·6% in P3. 70·3% of responders felt that not enough was done for staff wellbeing. The median anxiety score decreased from P1 (10(range 5-17)) to P3 (8(range 4-16)) p=0·031. Under 30-year-olds’ depression and PTSD scores increased from P1 to P3 (depression: P1 7(1-11), P3 8(3-14), p=0·048, PTSD: P1 4(0-7) peak 3 5(2-9), p=0·037). Several groups showed a decrease in anxiety scores from P1 to P3 including; over 30-year-olds (P1 10(5-17), P3 7(3-15) p=0·002), BME responders (P1 8(3·75-15) P3 6·5(1-12) p=0·006), AHP (P1 14(7-19), P3 11(5-19) p=0·005), ITU workers (P1 15(8-18·25) P3 12(5·75-18·25) p=0·004), and those who were redeployed (P1 8(5-18·25), P3 5(2-14·75), p=0·032). Conclusion: We have observed changes in mental health symptoms within the study population as the peaks of the pandemic continue. With the majority of responders reporting they felt not enough had been done for their wellbeing support - and of those who used the wellbeing services only around 1/3 felt they were useful - we hope that this paper can help inform wellbeing provision and identify groups at higher risk of developing mental health symptoms.
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Sandström, Alfred, and Göran Sundblad. Reduktionsfiske : en tänkbar åtgärd för att förbättra vattenkvaliteten i Hjälmaren? Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.2tlthivo4p.
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Hjälmaren har länge haft problem med övergödning och vattenkvalitet. Enligt vattendirektivet uppnås för närvarande inte kraven för god ekologisk och kemisk status. En metod som föreslagits för att förbättra vattenkvaliteten är att genomföra storskaligt reduktionsfiske. Metoden innebär att man selektivt fiskar bort stora mängder av vissa fiskarter, som mört, braxen och björkna. Reduktionsfiske har visats ge positiva effekter på vattenkvalitet, mätt som siktdjup och klorofyll a, främst i små, grunda och kraftigt övergödda sjöar i Danmark och Nederländerna. Det finns flera mekanismer som man tror bidrar till att reduktionsfiske ger effekter på sjöar. De viktigaste är att i) minskad mängd djurplanktonätande fisk gynnar djurplankton som äter växtplankton, vilket ger ett klarare vatten, ii) utfiskningen innebär att den fosfor som finns i fisken (ca 0,8 % av kroppsvikten) tas bort från systemet och iii) vissa karpfiskar, som till exempel braxen, bökar på botten och bidrar till fosforläckage via resuspension. Föreliggande rapport är ett försök att bedöma risker och förutsättningar för ett eventuellt reduktionsfiske i Hjälmaren. Analysen byggde på en litteraturgenomgång för att identifiera vilka faktorer som är viktiga för utfallet och omfattningen av ett reduktionsfiske. Litteraturgenomgången ställdes i relation till tillgängliga data från tidigare fiskundersökningar i Hjälmaren, nya data insamlade med så kallat båtelfiske samt data från yrkesfisket och åldersanalyser av braxen för att bedöma förutsättningarna i just Hjälmaren. De viktigaste resultaten var: - Den totala fiskbiomassan i Hjälmaren varierade mellan miljötyper och djup men uppskattades till minst cirka 3 800 ton, motsvarande minst 79 kg fisk per hektar. Detta är med största sannolikhet en underskattning av den verkliga biomassan eftersom ingen av de provfiskemetoder som använts ger en komplett skattning av den totala biomassan. Över hälften av biomassan utgjordes av karpfisk och braxen var den dominerande karpfisken i samtliga miljötyper och delområden. - Biomassan braxen skattades också i en så kallad kohortanalys, baserad på tillväxt, storleksfördelning och uttag i fisket samt antaganden om naturlig dödlighet. Det vuxna braxenbeståndets biomassa varierade (beroende på antagande om naturlig dödlighet) mellan 800 och 2 080 ton. Dödligheten via fiske var låg i samtliga analyser. - Fisketrycket på karpfiskbestånden i Hjälmaren förefaller idag vara lågt. År 2023 rapporterade yrkesfisket en total landning på 66 ton i Hjälmaren, vilket är cirka 3-8 % av den skattade vuxna biomassan. I jämförelse rapporteras årligen landningar på nästan 100 ton braxen i yrkesfisket i Vänern och drygt 2 ton i Mälaren. Åldersanalyserna visade att braxenbeståndet är långsamväxande och att det förekommer individer med mycket hög ålder. Medelåldern i fångsten var 15 år och den äldsta individen var 45 år, vilket indikerar att dödligheten sannolikt är mycket låg. - Ett reduktionsfiske i Hjälmaren skulle antagligen kräva ett mycket omfattande uttag av fisk, mellan 1 010 ton och 14 500 ton per år beroende på vilka antaganden/rekommendationer man utgår från. Den högre siffran bygger på resultat från en omfattande meta-analys av mindre sjöar och dammar vilken visat att det krävs ett uttag på 300 kg/ha och år för att förbättra siktdjupet med 0,5 meter. Ett så omfattande fiske skulle kräva att man bygger upp en organisation och infrastruktur för reduktionsfiske och omhändertagande av fångsterna. - Flera faktorer gör det tveksamt att Hjälmaren har de förutsättningar som krävs för att ett reduktionsfiske ska bli framgångsrikt. Effekten av reduktionsfiske har visats minska med ökande sjöstorlek. Hjälmaren är markant större än de största sjöar där reduktionsfiske hittills genomförts och utvärderats. En annan viktig faktor är djupförhållandena. Grunda sjöar, där vegetation kan återkolonisera stora ytor efter ett reduktionsfiske har visats viktigt för ett bra utfall. Hjälmaren har visserligen större grundområden men andelen sjöyta lämplig för undervattensvegetation är låg i förhållande till de sjöar där man haft framgång med reduktionsfiske. Det finns också andra aspekter som försämrar förutsättningarna: en förhållandevis lång retentionstid, hög internbelastning av fosfor, låg initial näringshalt relativt sjöar med lyckat utfall, förekomst av stora djurplankton och pungräkor som äter mindre djurplankton och riskerar ta över den djurplanktonätande fiskens roll vid ett reduktionsfiske, samt en periodvis hög vind-/våginducerad lergrumling. Sammantaget är vår bedömning att det saknas evidens för att reduktionsfiske skulle vara framgångsrikt, att ett reduktionsfiske i Hjälmaren skulle behöva vara omfattande och därmed dyrt, att det finns en överhängande risk att man inte uppnår önskat resultat samt att det också finns risker för oväntade och i värsta fall negativa konsekvenser för både fisket och ekosystemet. Särskilt de förväntade effekterna på fisket, med försämrad status för braxen och gös (som gynnas av högre näringshalter), belyser målkonflikten mellan å ena sidan hänsyn till fiskets betydelse, samhällets behov av att hitta vägar till självförsörjande avseende sjömat i händelse av kris och å andra sidan nuvarande mål om förbättrad vattenkvalitet inom vattenförvaltningen. Hur motstridiga mål mellan vatten- och resursförvaltningen ska värderas är en förvaltningsfråga att beakta i det fortsatta arbetet. Ett alternativ till ett reduktionsfiske är att samhället på olika sätt stöttar ett ökat uttag av karpfisk inom ramen för det befintliga småskaliga fisket i Hjälmaren. Särskilt braxen har på senare år fått allt mer uppmärksamhet som matfisk vilket gör att det numera finns en liten men långsamt ökande efterfrågan på braxen. Ett sådant fiske innebär inte de drastiska uttag som krävs i ett reduktionsfiske. Det kan dock utgöra ett alternativ associerat med mindre risker, lägre kostnader för samhället och i förlängningen sannolikt ett mer hållbart sätt att, genom den landade fångstens fosforinnehåll samt minskad mängd bottenbökande fiskar, bidra till en stegvis fosforreduktion i Hjälmaren. Även om ett fullskaligt reduktionsfiske inte rekommenderas kan teoribildningen och tankebanorna kring ett potentiellt reduktionsfiske vara en inspiration för hur man kan öka kunskapen om ekosystemen i Hjälmaren och samtidigt förbättra förvaltningen genom att integrera fisken och fiskets betydelse med övrigt vattenmiljöarbete.