Academic literature on the topic '796.045 6'

The purpose of this study was to determine if free or esterified carnitine could alter fatty acid metabolism and ameliorate sepsis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats. Throughout a 96 h observation post-LPS, i.p. administration of both markedly reduced illness and accelerated recovery. Carnitine prevented the acute LPS-induced rise in serum triglycerides (45 ± 6, 59 ± 5 vs. 83 ± 8 mg/ml, p < 0.001), respectively. This difference was accompanied by a significant increase in liver lipogenesis in LPS controls compared to both carnitines and normal rats (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 3.9 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 0.5, and 1.8 ± 0.4 μmol/h, respectively, p < 0.04). Compared to normal rats, total liver carnitine was significantly elevated in LPS controls and even higher in the carnitine groups (357 ± 40 vs. 736 ± 38, 796 ± 79, and 1081 ± 21 nmol/g). The data suggest that carnitines may be of therapeutic value in sepsis treatment and one action may be to partition fatty acids from esterification to oxidation.

The syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) (pseudo-)halides, AgX, and triphenylarsine, AsPh3, for X = Cl, Br, I, SCN (1)–(4), are described. The chloride (1), obtained from 2-methylpyridine, is triclinic, P-1, a 10·410(2), b 12·716(2), c 14·196(6) Å, α 113·38(2), β 109·41(2), γ 75·08(1)°, Z = 1 (dimer); conventional R on F was 0·037 for No 3979 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The bromide (2a), obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and iodide (3), obtained from a mixture of AgI/saturated KI in MeOH solutions, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P 21/c a≈ 24·2, b ≈ 13·9, c ≈ 20·2 Å, β ≈ 109·5°, Z = 4 dimers; R was 0·046 and 0·044 for No 5670 and 6039 respectively. The thiocyanate (4) has a similar cell, a 24·12(1), b 12·558(8), c 23·244(4) Å, β 110·11(3)°, Z = 4 dimers, R being 0·044 for No 7956; one of the thiocyanate ligands (which bridge in Ag-SCN-Ag mode) is disordered. A second polymorph of the bromide (2b) (from a mixture of AgBr/saturated KBr in H2O) is also monoclinic, P 21/c, a 14·121(8), b 25·577(3), c 21·968(2) Å, β 125·54(3)°, Z = 4 dimers (R was 0·047 for No 5715). Ag–As range between 2·568(1) and 2·633(1) Å throughout the series; in the isomorphous bromide and iodide, values increase slightly: 2·578(1)–2·611(1), cf. 2·601(2)-2·633(1) Å respectively. Ag–X are 2·568(2)-2·670(2) (Cl); 2·688(2)–2·715(2) (Br); 2·828(2)–2·856(1) Å (I); Ag-S, N for the ordered SCN group are 2·646(3), 2·255(6) Å. A redetermination of improved precision (R 0·035, No 6030) is reported for the triphenylphosphine/thiocyanate analogue. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3As)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag (AsPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 185, 145 (X = Cl), 145, 130, 106 (X = Br) and 121 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.

ImportanceLong-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events, but controversy remains as to whether the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (12 μg/m3 for 1-year mean PM2.5) is sufficiently protective.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between long-term fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular events using electronic health record and geocoded address data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included adults in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system during 2007 to 2016 and followed for up to 10 years. Study participants had no prior stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and lived in Northern California for at least 1 year. Analyses were conducted January 2020 to December 2022.ExposureLong-term exposure to PM2.5. Individual-level time-varying 1-year mean PM2.5 exposures for every study participant were updated monthly from baseline through the end of follow-up, accounting for address changes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident AMI, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were fit with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, baseline comorbidities, and baseline medication use. Associations below the current regulation limit were also examined.ResultsThe study cohort included 3.7 million adults (mean [SD] age: 41.1 [17.2] years; 1 992 058 [52.5%] female, 20 205 [0.5%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 714 043 [18.8%] Asian, 287 980 [7.6%] Black, 696 796 [18.4%] Hispanic, 174 261 [4.6%] multiracial, 1 904 793 [50.2%] White). There was a 12% (95% CI, 7%-18%) increased risk of incident AMI, a 21% (95% CI, 13%-30%) increased risk of IHD mortality, and an 8% (95% CI, 3%-13%) increased risk of CVD mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations (10.0 to 11.9 μg/m3) was associated with increased risks of incident AMI (6% [95% CI, 3%-10%]) and IHD mortality (7% [95% CI, 2%-12%]) compared with low concentrations (less than 8 μg/m3).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, long-term PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations was associated with increased risks of incident AMI, IHD mortality, and CVD mortality. This study’s findings add to the evidence that the current regulatory standard is not sufficiently protective.

Pythium species are frequently recovered from recycled irrigation water in greenhouse production systems and may cause damping off and root rot if the water is not disinfested properly. Chlorination is often employed as a disinfesting agent, but can be difficult to monitor accurately because its activity is pH-dependent. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is a reliable, real-time measurement of the oxidizing potential of a chlorine solution. We exposed zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum municipal water where the ORP was increased by adding 0.125, 0.5, and 2 mg/liter chlorine (pH 7.6 to 8.1) or to the same water source where the pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to the addition of chlorine, resulting in a final pH of 6 to 7.3. Some zoospores of P. aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum survived treatment to the highest chlorine concentration for 4 min in water where pH was not lowered. When the water pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to chlorine addition, 100% of the P. aphanidermatum zoospores were killed after 0.5 min exposure to 0.5 mg/liter chlorine, where ORP ranged from 748 to 790 mV and pH 6.3. Lowering the initial water pH improved disinfestation of P. dissotocum zoospores at the highest chlorine concentration tested and a mean ORP of 790 mV. Accepted for publication 7 July 2008. Published 22 September 2008.

AbstractA total of 897 pigs were used in a study to investigate the relative effects of terminal sire genotype (lines Av.Bv. C), sex (castrate v. gilt), slaughter weight (80 v. 100 v. 220 kg), feeding regimen (ad libitum v. restricted, 0·82 ad libitum intake) and slaughter-house (HI v. H2 v. H3) on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics and the eating quality offresh pig meat. Sire line A was a pure Duroc population, and B and C were European-type experimental lines where C contained Pietrain and B did not. In total, 26 sires from line A, 42 sires from line B, and 21 sires from line C were mated to females from the same crossbred dam line and progeny were reared under standard conditions to slaughter. Following slaughter and carcass evaluation, samples of longissimus dorsi were investigated for a range of meat quality and organoleptic characteristics. Line A produced fatter carcasses (C fat depths = 15·6 v. 24·0 v. 14·0 mm for lines A, B, and C, respectively, average s.e. 0·39) with higher killing-out proportions (g/kg) (790 v. 779 v. 786 respectively, average s.e. 1·4) and higher visible marbling, less tissue separation, firmer backfat, and juicier (3·81 v. 3·67 v. 3·72 respectively, average s.e. 0·044: on a scale 1 (extremely dry) to 8 (extremely juicy)) and more acceptable meat (4·54 v. 4·37 v. 4·42 respectively average s.e. 0·037: on a scale 1 (dislike extremely) to 8 (like extremely)) with a lower shear force (5·35 v. 5·78 v. 5·67 kg respectively, average s.e. 0·078) than lines B and C which were similar in most respects. Increases in slaughter weight were associated with a reduction in growth rate (785 v. 769 v. 725 glday for 80, 100 and 120 kg slaughter weight respectively, average s.e. 8·5), increases in backfat (Cfat = 13·3 v. 24·2 v. 26·3 mm respectively, average s.e. 0·34) and longissimus muscle area (34·6 v. 40·7 v. 44·6 cm2 respectively, average s.e. 0·59) and a deterioration in tenderness (4·72 v. 4·40 v. 3·95 respectively, average s.e. 0·062: on a scale 1 (extremely tough) to 8 (extremely tender) and overall acceptability (4·65 v. 4·44 v. 4·25 respectively, average s.e. 0·045) and an increase in shear force (5·37 v. 5·58 v. 5·87 kg respectively, average s.e. 0·085). Slaughter-house had a significant impact on pork odour scores but not on other organoleptic properties. Pigs reared under ad libitum feeding grew faster (840 v. 678 g/day respectively, average s.e. 3·7), were fatter (Cfat = 15·8 v. 23·2 mm respectively, s.e. 0·28), had lower carcass yields (780 v. 790 g/kg respectively, average s.e. 1) and produced more tender, juicier meat than those reared under restricted feeding. Differences between castrated males and gilts in growth and carcass trait were in line with other studies and there were no significant differences between the sexes for eating quality. There were relatively few significant interactions (P < 0·05) for eating quality traits and most of these involved slaughter-house and were for pork odour intensity, which are of limited practical significance. This suggests that the effects of sire genotype, slaughter weight and feeding regimen on eating quality identified in this study are likely to be additive.

This paper presents the comparison temperature of thermoelectric <em>(</em>Tec1<em>-</em>12708<em>) </em>between the series circuit and parallel circuit by adjusting of water flow rate pump and electrical supplying to thermoelectric, The electrical voltage at 8,10 and 12 V,<em> </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s and 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s<em>. </em>Experiments perform were 6 hours<em>. </em>The result from the researches, thermoelectric with parallel circuit high temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit<em>. </em>The parallel circuit of thermoelectric can work better than the series circuit in hot side<em>. </em>The different temperature hot side of parallel circuit with the electrical voltage at 8, 10 and 12 V water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s temperature average is 22<em>.</em>44 <sup>o</sup>C, 22<em>.</em>90 <sup>o</sup>C, 29<em>.</em>86<em> </em><sup>o</sup>C, and water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s temperature average is 20<em>.</em>67 <sup>o</sup>C, 26<em>.</em>66 <sup>o</sup>C, 27.69 <sup>o</sup>C<em>. </em>Thermoelectric with parallel circuit makes the higher temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit about 33<em>%</em>, 37<em>%</em>, 44<em>% </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s and 30<em>%</em>, 40<em>%</em>, 41<em>% </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s.

The purple-spotted bigeye, Priacanthus tayenus, is a marine benthic fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia. This study identified a myxozoan parasite infecting wild P. tayenus from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These parasites produced spherical to ovoid-shaped, white plasmodia enclosed within pseudocysts in the fish musculature. The annual infection rate was 5.1%, with the highest prevalence in summer (7.6%), followed by spring (6%), and autumn (2.5%), while no infections were observed in winter. The number of plasmodia per fish ranged from 100 to 150 (135.1 ± 16.2). Their dimensions were 4–4.7 mm (4.3 ± 0.3 mm) in length and 4.5–7 mm (6 ± 1.1 mm) in width. Milky-colored exudates within the plasmodia contained mature spores measuring 8–9 μm (8.6 ± 0.4 μm) x 6–7.5 μm (6.9 ± 0.5 μm). The polar capsules of the spores exhibited dimensions of 2–5 μm (3.5 ± 0.5 μm) x 2.5–4.5 μm (3 ± 0.45 μm). Both morphological and genetic analyses confirmed these plasmodia as a novel Kudoa species. Histopathological examination revealed atrophy in the surrounding muscles without an inflammatory response. This study documents the first occurrence of a novel Kudoa sp. in P. tayenus at the Jubail landing site in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and investigations to elucidate its pathogenesis and implications for wild fish stocks.

In this study, the friction and wear properties of the Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair were investigated at high temperatures in air and at 298 K in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair exhibited friction coefficients as low as 0.5 at 298 K and 873 K in air. On the other hand, this tribopair exhibited higher friction coefficients at 573 K than at 298 K and 873 K. It was also found that the friction coefficients of this tribopair were approximately 0.5 in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy disk specimens and their paired Al2O3 ball specimens exhibited the highest specific wear rates at 873 K in air. Oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surfaces of all the disk specimens. Concerning the friction and wear tests at high temperatures in air, the amount of the oxygen-rich phase increased with increasing the testing temperature. In addition, a little larger amount of the oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surface formed at 298 K in water than that formed at 298 K in air.

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for a variety of salts of cations derived from protonated 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline (bpyH+ and phenH+) with polyhalobismuthate(III) anions. ‘[(phenH)(phenH2)(H2O)2] [BiCl6]’ is triclinic, P-1, a 9·791(1), b 9·338(3), c 8·311(3) Å, α 73·46(3), β 69·71(2), γ 86·36(2)°, Z = 1; conventional R on |F| was 0·027 for No 4852 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. [BiCl6]3- is closely octahedral, accompanied by an interesting protonation/hydrogen-bonding array among the other moieties. The latter comment applies also to ‘[(phenH2)(H2O)][BiCl5](∞|∞)’, monoclinic, P2/c, a 8·388(1), b 12·004(1), c 17·146(3) Å, β 98·26(1)°, Z = 4, R 0·047 for No 2670, the anion array being a one-dimensional polymer with bridging chlorine atoms occupying cis sites in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of the bismuth. [bpyH2]4 [Bi4Cl20] is monoclinic, P21/c, a 14·228(4), b 14·217(2), c 16·254(4) Å, β 110·14(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·045 for No 2777; in the novel centrosymmetric tetramer, the four bismuth atoms are bridged into a square array by four linearly coordinated halogen atoms at the centres of the edges, a pair of these lying cis in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of each bismuth. [bpyH]3 [Bi2Cl9] is triclinic, P-1 a 19·288(7), b 14·251(3), c 7·644(3) Å, α 75·02(2), β 80·15(3), γ 72·76(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·072 for No 3600, the two pseudo-octahedrally coordinated bismuth atoms being bridged by three chlorine atoms on a mutual octahedral face, [Cl3Bi(µ-Cl)3BiCl3]3-. [phenH] [BiCl4](∞|∞),H2O is triclinic, space group P-1, a 12·119(7), b 10·169(6), c 7·247(4) Å, α 69·30(4), β 75·05(4), γ 77·92(5)°, Z = 2, R 0·035 for No 2348. The anion is a one-dimensional polymer, successive metal atoms being bridged by pairs of chlorine atoms lying cis in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere. [bpyH]4 [Bi2I10] is monoclinic, P21/n, a 13·426(4), b 14·396(6), c 14·539(5) Å, β 101·31(3)°, Z = 2, R 0·11 for No 1862; the anion is of the form [I4Bi(µ-I)2BiI4]4- with quasi-octahedral bismuth. [bpyH] [BiI4](∞|∞) is monoclinic, C2/c, a 12·442(5), b 18·41(2), c 7·714(2) Å, β 92·80(3)°, Z = 4, R 0·080 for No 850, with a polymeric one-dimensional anion comparable to that in [phenH] [BiCl4](∞|∞),H2O. The structure of the 2,6-dimethylpyridinium salt of [BiCl6]3- is also recorded, as its acetonitrile solvate; triclinic, P-1, a 15·025(2), b 10·357(3), c 9·964(1) Å, α 83·14(2), β 89·32(1), γ 86·61(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·046 for No 3601; there is also an isomorphous bromide, and also an isostoichiometric bromide modelled as monoclinic, Cm, a 18·128(6), b 10·348(2), c 10·241(2) Å, β 121·31(3)°, Z = 2, R 0·050 for No 1379. Bands in the far-infrared and Raman spectra due to the v(BiCl) modes are assigned in [(phenH)(phenH2)(H2O)2] [BiCl6] and [bpyH2]4 [Bi4Cl20], and are discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.