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Journal articles on the topic '802.11x'
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Prof., C.D.Raut1 Prof.V.G.Belsare2Prof.S.N.Palod3. "SYSTEM COMMUNICATION BASED ON Wi-Fi TECHNOLOGY USING 802.11x." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [ICEMESM-18] (April 21, 2018): 217–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1226521.
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Wi-Fi Think of it as an eighteenth wheeler shouting down the pike, conveying the eventual fate of registering with it. The driver is friendly. Anybody can stand out their thumb and hitch a ride, or be left i-----------n the dust. Wi-Fi, in the broadest sense is a term utilized for a particular convention to arrange has PC to another PC or system. It permits to interface with the Internet even with a lounge chair at home, a bed in a lodging room or a meeting room at work without wires with a speed a few times speedier than the quickest link association. This paper proposed to endeavor a survey on all the real parts of remote systems administration and the 802.11x convention relating to Wi-Fi .The paper manages the essential ideas of remote systems administration and goes into the top to bottom of 802.11x convention which frames the foundation of the forthcoming innovation, Wi-Fi. Consistent systems administration is neither a trade off any longer nor a masterpiece of top of the line business markets. The influx without bounds is as of now clearing through
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QasMarrogy, Ghassan A., and Areen J. Fadhil. "Comparative Study of Different FANET 802.11 Wireless Protocols with Different Data Loads." Polytechnic Journal 12, no. 1 (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v12n1y2022.pp61-66.
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IEEE 802.11 based Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are becoming popular in home, enterprise and public access areas primarily due to their low cost, simplicity of installation and high data rates. While WLANs continue to be predominantly data centric, there is growing interest in using WLANs for voice and text data especially in enterprise markets. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis comparison to measure the delay, throughput packet loss and retransmission attempts was done to different scenarios using different trending wireless protocols such as 802.11n (2.4GHz, 5GHz), 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11a while transferring low and high data load in FANET, with two major routing protocols AODV, and OLSR. As concluded in the result, recent wireless technology 802.11n with frequency band such of 2.4GHz can give better performance as they transfer higher data rates with longer distances and frequency band of 5GHz with higher data rate and less distance than 2.4GHz.
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Sharifullina, Albina Y., Roman R. Galyamov, and Rimma S. Zaripova. "TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES FOR CREATING A WIRELESS LOCAL NETWORK WI-FI." T-Comm 15, no. 7 (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-7-28-33.
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This article discusses the stages of development, characteristics of a wireless local area network Wi-Fi, options for its topology and equipment used. Currently, there are such different types of wireless networks as Wireless Wide Area Network, Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (Wireless Neighborhood Area Network), Wireless Local Area Network, Wireless Personal Area Network. Each of the listed wireless networks has its own specific range and application. Wireless LAN Wi-Fi refers to the Wireless Local Area Network. The first wireless LAN standard, Wi-Fi, was approved in 1997. From the moment of their appearance to the present day, the following standards of this network have appeared: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11ax. For each standard, the speeds and frequency ranges at which the data transmission was carried out are indicated, and the technologies on which they are built are described. Wireless LAN Wi-Fi has three topologies: 1) Ad-Hoc (point-to-point) or Independent Basic Service Set; 2) Basic Service Set (“client / server”) and 3) Extended Service Set (“extended service areas”). To build a Wi-Fi network, network adapters, access points, routers, ADSL modems, Wi-Fi phones, Wi-Fi antennas, Wi-Fi repeaters are used. Wi-Fi adapters are used by devices that do not have a built-in Wi-Fi module. Wi-Fi access points are designed for organizing wireless access within a local network. Wi-Fi routers are designed to route traffic on a computer network. ADSL modems are used to access the Internet over a telephone line. Wi-Fi repeaters are used to expand the coverage of a wireless network using already installed equipment. Wi-Fi phones are wireless IP phones. Wi-Fi antennas are used to extend the range of a wireless network.
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Hossain, Md Delowar, Sumon Kumar Debnath, Iffat Ara Badhan, et al. "Comparative Performance Analysis of the IEEE802.11ax and 802.11ac MIMOLink for WLANs." International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems 13, no. 4 (2023): 01–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijans.2023.13401.
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The escalating demand for swift and dependable wireless internet access has spurred the development of various protocols within 802.11 WLANs. Among them, the 802.11ac protocols have gained widespread acceptance over the past few years, offering enhanced data transfer rates compared to the 802.11n standard. However, the persistent congestion of wireless IoT devices, particularly in densely populated areas, remains a significant challenge. To tackle this issue, IEEE 802.11 has advanced IEEE 802.11ax as the successor to 802.11ac, introducing critical enhancements at the PHY/MAC layers to improve throughput in dense scenarios. Additionally, modelling and simulating these protocols are vital for WLAN researchers and designers to anticipate link characteristics effectively, fostering high-performance WLAN design. The need for such tools led to the creation of diverse network simulation programs, and NS-2 is widely accepted as an open-source program that has achieved remarkable success in research. In this paper, we focus on various connection properties of 802.11ax WLANs through NS-3 simulations, including MCSs, bonded channels, GI, data encoding, antennas, data rates, link distance, Tx/Rx power, gain, and payload size. We also compare their performance against 802.11ac, which demonstrates that NS-3 accurately supports most 802.11ax capabilities and outperforms 802.11ac in various scenarios.
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Kowal, Michał, Sławomir Kubal, Piotr Piotrowski, and Ryszard Zieliński. "Operational characteristic of wireless WiMax and IEEE 802.11x systems in underground mine environments." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, no. 1 (2010): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0010-7.
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Operational characteristic of wireless WiMax and IEEE 802.11x systems in underground mine environments The paper presents research results pertaining to transmission parameters of wireless communication systems, based on WiMax and IEEE 802.11x radio interfaces. Research was performed in severe operating conditions of an underground mine - testing various parameters, such as: throughput, delays and maximum range.
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Tarmizi, Achmad Rian, Ahmat Adil, and Lilik Widyawati. "Optimization Of The Use Of Wireless Lan Devices To Minimize Operational Costs." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 19, no. 2 (2020): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v19i2.665.
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WLAN technology has been widely developed for the needs of internet access in people's lives. Several generations of WLAN technology include IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n. At the STAHN Rectorate Building, Gde Pudja Mataram, WLAN technology in its application requires financial consideration because excessive use of Internet Service Provider services results in a waste of operational costs. The application of WLAN is still not optimal, because there are not too many users, but the operational costs of implementing the local wireless network are very large, due to less optimal application of network infrastructure. The recommended WLAN technology is IEEE 802.11n, while the technology is the latest technology that has better quality than the previous generation technology. The research methodology uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC). Of the 6 stages available, only 3 stages are used, namely Analysis, Design and Simulation of Prototyping. The results obtained from this study are models that design a WLAN that suits your needs, and complements the entire Building area. Optimization has succeeded in reducing the need for ISP and client services while still being able to enjoy services as needed and cost optimization can be reduced by around 28%.
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Natkaniec, Marek, and Natalia Bieryt. "An Analysis of the Mixed IEEE 802.11ax Wireless Networks in the 5 GHz Band." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104964.
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This paper presents an analysis of the IEEE 802.11ax networks’ coexistence with legacy stations, namely IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.11a. The IEEE 802.11ax standard introduces several new features that can enhance network performance and capacity. The legacy devices that do not support these features will continue to coexist with newer devices, creating a mixed network environment. This usually leads to a deterioration in the overall performance of such networks; therefore, in the paper, we want to show how we can reduce the negative impact of legacy devices. In this study, we investigate the performance of mixed networks by applying various parameters to both the MAC and PHY layers. We focus on evaluating the impact of the BSS coloring mechanism introduced to the IEEE 802.11ax standard on network performance. We also examine the impact of A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregations on network efficiency. Through simulations, we analyze the typical performance metrics such as throughput, mean packet delay, and packet loss of mixed networks with different topologies and configurations. Our findings indicate that implementing the BSS coloring mechanism in dense networks can increase throughput by up to 43%. We also show that the presence of legacy devices in the network disrupts the functioning of this mechanism. To address this, we recommend using an aggregation technique, which can improve throughput by up to 79%. The presented research revealed that it is possible to optimize the performance of mixed IEEE 802.11ax networks.
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Caiza Páez, Cristopher Stalin, and Román Alcides Lara Cueva. "Evaluación del desempeño de la tecnología wifi en concordancia con los estándares IEEE 802.11 b/g/n en el interior de una cámara anecoica para la banda de 2.4 GHz / Performance evaluation of technology Wi-Fi in conformance with IEEE 802.11 b/g/n into an anechoic chamber for the 2.4GHz band." RECI Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Computacionales e Informática 8, no. 15 (2019): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/reci.v8i15.92.
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El presente artículo realiza el análisis del desempeño de una red Wi-Fi en concordancia con los estándares IEEE 802.11 b/g/n en un escenario sin interferencia al interior de una cámara anecoica de 15 , dentro de la cual se implementó una red inalámbrica punto a punto con una distancia de 2m entre el transmisor y el receptor. Las métricas de desempeño referentes al QoS fueron obtenidas utilizando una técnica intrusiva de inyección de tráfico mediante el software D-ITG, la cual proporciona información del throughput (η) para el cálculo de la eficiencia ( ), jitter (j), retardo del canal (δ) y pérdida de paquetes (PL). Los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis cuantitativo determinaron que el estándar IEEE 802.11n presenta el mejor desempeño en términos de con 85.75%; posterior a esta, se encuentra el estándar IEEE 802.11g con una Ef de 73.73% y finalmente el estándar IEEE 802.11b es el que menor Ef presenta entre las evaluadas, con un 69.37%. Los resultados de este trabajo son contrastados con trabajos realizados en escenarios sometidos a interferencia por obstáculos e interferencia Co-Canal (ICC).
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Lu, Yuteng, and Meng Sun. "Modeling and Verification of IEEE 802.11i Security Protocol in UPPAAL for Internet of Things." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 28, no. 11n12 (2018): 1619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819401840020x.
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IEEE 802.11i is the IEEE standard that provides enhanced MAC security and has been widely used in wireless networks and Internet of Things. It improves IEEE 802.11 (1999) by providing a Robust Security Network (RSN) with two new protocols: the Four-Way Handshake and the Group Key Handshake. These protocols utilize the authentication services and port access control described in IEEE 802.1X to establish and change the appropriate cryptographic keys. In this paper, we carry out a formal modeling and verification approach based on timed automata for IEEE 802.11i protocol, using the UPPAAL model checker, to check correctness of the changes in IEEE 802.11i protocol and provide better security.
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Brahma, Mohamed, Abdelhafid Abouaissa, and Pascal Lorenz. "A New Buffer and Energy Based Scheduling Scheme for Supporting QoS in MANETs." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 2, no. 2 (2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i2.291.
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Today, the original IEEE 802.11 standard has several problems in providing Quality of Service in MANETs. A single FIFO queue is used in best effort manner and it does not support QoS. The upcoming IEEE 802.11e was drafted to overcome these drawbacks. In this paper we describe a new multiple queuing system with an adaptive scheduling taking into account the states of buffers and energy consumption in a mobile ad hoc network. The proposed scheduling scheme uses dynamic weights for each queue. We study the performance of this scheme and compare it with the original IEEE 802.11b and the upcoming IEEE 802.11e. We show through simulations that the proposedbuffer and energy based scheduling scheme improves overall end-to-end throughput, and gives better results than the original 802.11b and the Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF), in terms of delay and total received and lost packets, as well as support service differentiation over multi-hop ad hoc networks.
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Tyukhtyaev, Dmitry. "Researching Video Conference Services on IEEE 802.11x Wireless Networks." NBI Technologies, no. 4 (December 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2021.4.2.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of the quality of video conferencing services on the characteristics of wireless communication channels and the number of users in a given network. The characteristics of the signal strength in a wireless network, measured in decibels (dB) were described in this article. The article discusses subjective and objective methods for assessing video. The PSNR and VQM metrics and the MSU Video Quality Measurement Tool software, created by the computer graphics laboratory of the Moscow State University, were used as an objective method for assessing video. For the subjective method, the DSCQS method was used. The PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) metric is one of the most commonly used metrics. PSNR measures the peak signal-to-noise ratio between the original signal and the signal at the output of the system. PSNR does not measure all video-specific parameters, as the fidelity of the image is constantly changing depending on the visual complexity of the image, the available bit rate and even the compression method. The Video Quality Measurement (VQM) metric is described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1683. The test results show that VQM has a high correlation with subjective methods for assessing video quality and claims to become the standard in the field of objective quality assessment.
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Bakulin, Mikhail G., Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, and Denis Y. Pankratov. "APPLICATION OF MIMO TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS." T-Comm 15, no. 4 (2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-4-4-12.
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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is widely used in modern IEEE radio access systems. There is a tendency to increase the number of antennas, which is also confirmed by the development of MIMO technology in mobile communication systems of 3GPP standards. Requirements for modern radio communication systems are constantly increasing. As the radio frequency spectrum becomes increasingly scarce, it becomes increasingly difficult to transmit large amounts of information by expanding the frequency channel bandwidth. Therefore, the use of MIMO technology to increase the spectral and energy efficiency of communication systems is relevant. In 5G systems, Massive MIMO technology is used, when using which the number of antennas is measured in tens and hundreds. The characteristics of various versions of MIMO technology implemented in the existing standards 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, as well as in the promising standard 802.11be (6G systems) are described in detail. Technologies of directional transmission, spatial multiplexing, selection of antennas as particular cases of precoding are considered. Trends of MIMO technology development in wireless communication systems are shown.
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Ballesteros, Juan. "SEGURIDAD EN REDES INALÁMBRICAS DE ACCESO LOCAL BAJO PARÁMETROS DE USO DE HERRAMIENTAS LIBRES." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 26, no. 1 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia-26012016.06.
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RESUMENEn este documento se presenta una auditoria en redes bajo funcionamiento en protocolo IEEE 802.11xx, redesutilizadas para la comunicación entre dispositivos en casa y oficina para verificar la seguridad que garantizan lasmismas; para este propósito se utilizó software libre que funciona bajo sistema operativo Linux, específicamentela suite de Aircrack; se presenta la auditoria a las redes que funcionan con encriptación WEP y WPA, populares yutilizadas en redes inalámbricas de este tipo; de manera transversal se muestran los diferentes tipos de ataquesdisponibles por mencionar sniffers, ataques de denegación de servicio y autenticaciones falsas con clonación dedirecciones MAC, particularmente.Palabras clave.- Wife, Welan, Inalámbrico, Wpa Wep.ABSTRACTIn this paper we present an audit IEEE 802.11x networks to check how secure these networks are for use in thehome and office, will be used for this purpose free software Linux with aircrack suite, tests were done for the2 encryptions WEP and WPA these popular encryptions for security in wireless networks, also show differentforms to develop attacks for example denial of service sniffers, fake authentication, etc. The dictionary attack isthe most popular and will be the starting point for the audit, but it is important also to mention other equallyeffective methods to develop this attack.Key words.- Wife, Wlan, Wireless, Wpa Wep.
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Ballesteros, Juan, and Fabián Chaparro. "SEGURIDAD EN REDES INALÁMBRICAS DE ACCESO LOCAL BAJO PARÁMETROS DE USO DE HERRAMIENTAS LIBRES." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 26, no. 1 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v26i1.7.
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RESUMENEn este documento se presenta una auditoria en redes bajo funcionamiento en protocolo IEEE 802.11xx, redesutilizadas para la comunicación entre dispositivos en casa y oficina para verificar la seguridad que garantizan lasmismas; para este propósito se utilizó software libre que funciona bajo sistema operativo Linux, específicamentela suite de Aircrack; se presenta la auditoria a las redes que funcionan con encriptación WEP y WPA, populares yutilizadas en redes inalámbricas de este tipo; de manera transversal se muestran los diferentes tipos de ataquesdisponibles por mencionar sniffers, ataques de denegación de servicio y autenticaciones falsas con clonación dedirecciones MAC, particularmente.Palabras clave.- Wife, Welan, Inalámbrico, Wpa Wep.ABSTRACTIn this paper we present an audit IEEE 802.11x networks to check how secure these networks are for use in thehome and office, will be used for this purpose free software Linux with aircrack suite, tests were done for the2 encryptions WEP and WPA these popular encryptions for security in wireless networks, also show differentforms to develop attacks for example denial of service sniffers, fake authentication, etc. The dictionary attack isthe most popular and will be the starting point for the audit, but it is important also to mention other equallyeffective methods to develop this attack.Keywords.- Wife, Wlan, Wireless, Wpa Wep.
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Aleksandrovs-Moisejs, Daniils, Aleksandrs Ipatovs, Elans Grabs, and Dmitrijs Rjazanovs. "Evaluation of a Long-Distance IEEE 802.11ah Wireless Technology in Linux Using Docker Containers." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 28, no. 3 (2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.31146.
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Wireless technologies are essential for modern people to maintain uninterrupted connection to the Internet. The most popular standards for wireless technologies are standards of the IEEE 802.11 family. Currently, data transmission rate achievable by IEEE 802.11ac or 802.11ax standards can reach up to 10 Gbit/s. Different IEEE standards have specific data transmission rates. For example, the IEEE 802.11ah standard or Wi-Fi HaLow (code name) operates in the 900 MHz band, which is an unlicensed frequency band below 1 GHz, and is called the “Sub-1-GHz” range. In theory, this standard can provide coverage range of up to 543 meters indoors and data transfer rate of up to 347 Mbit/s (using a maximum of four spatial streams and 16 MHz channel bandwidth). The great benefit of the 802.11ah standard is low energy consumption, which enables communication between devices from the Internet of Things (IoT) over long distances without using a lot of energy. The Wi-Fi HaLow standard is being studied by the authors of the presented article in the ns-3 network simulation program with the 802.11ah module installed and implemented in Docker containers, VirtualBox Virtual Machines (VMs) with a running Linux operating system. During the simulations, results were obtained for the Docker containers simulation with a limited number of stations over different simulation times. These results have been studied in different scenarios. In the scenarios, the results of the Wi-Fi HaLow network simulation were converted into another simulation time, and thus were compared with each other.
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M. Nair, Sreejith, Manju Abraham, and Sindhu S. "CPW FED ULTRA COMPACT RADIATOR FOR 2.4 GHZ WIRELESS AND ISM APPLICATIONS." ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics 8, no. 2 (2022): 1323–27. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijme.2022.0228.
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A Uniplanar CPW fed electrically small radiator suitable for WiFi 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, Bluetooth, ZigBee IEEE802.15.4 and ISM application is developed and presented. Physical structure of the developed antenna is very compact of the order of 0.12?g × 0.10?g × 0.02?g which makes it very suitable for almost all the 2.4GHz based wireless applications. Parametric studies of the antenna is performed and from the results obtained design equations of the structure is developed and verified. Computational model of the antenna is also developed using FDTD and the results are compared and discussed. Antenna offers uniform radiation characteristics with good radiation efficiency and gain.
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Shin, Soo-Young, and Soo-Hyun Park. "Polling Scheme Adapted to Unbalanced Traffic Load in IEEE 802.11x Wireless LAN." KIPS Transactions:PartC 12C, no. 3 (2005): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2005.12c.3.387.
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Dmytro, Mykhalevskiy. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVE INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE BASED ON AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE STANDARD 802.11 WIRELESS CHANNEL." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 9 (107) (2020): 26–35. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213834.
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A method of estimating the effective data rate in channels of the Standard 802.11 was proposed. It provides for the measurement of the main energy parameter using the software and hardware of the subscriber device. This method is based on the empirical models of statistical relationships between the main parameters of the channel which are obtained on the basis of experimental studies using monitoring algorithms. The solutions obtained during the implementation of this method make it possible to take into account the maximum possible number of destabilizing factors and significantly reduce the time of assessment of the effective data rate. It should be noted that this method can be used for technical diagnostics of wireless networks of Standards 802.11x at the stages of network design and operation. It was established that when using the coefficient of energy efficiency, a significant error in the displacement of the points of intersection of the linear and logarithmic mathematical model occurs. This can lead to a discrepancy between the mathematical estimates of the effective data rate and real values. The statistical relationship gives a smaller error; however, it increases requirements for empirical studies to obtain the maximum possible reliability. One of the features of the proposed method is the reliability of assessment of the effective data rate. This reliability depends on three main factors: accuracy of assessing the results based on which the mathematical model was obtained; estimation of fluctuation intervals and characteristics of the Standard 802.11 equipment of different manufacturers. The last factor can be considered as a disadvantage that involves the creation of a database of parameters of the model of statistical relationship for different devices with correction coefficients
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Dmytro, Mykhalevskiy. "Devising a technique to evaluate fluctuations in the main parameters of a wireless channel of the 802.11 standard." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 9 (108) (2020): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.218720.
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This paper reports the technique devised to evaluate fluctuations in the main parameters for a wireless channel of the 802.11 standard based on the confidence regression interval. Underlying such a technique is the use of mathematical ratios of the relationship among the statistical probability, variance, and fluctuation level. It should be noted that this technique could be used when technically diagnosing the 802.11x standard wireless networks at the stages of their design and operation. Applying the proposed technique for the estimation models of the main channel parameters makes it possible to derive an estimate of fluctuation intervals without the need to process large arrays of measurement results. This greatly reduces the time of obtaining the result from diagnosing by involving monitoring algorithms. An expression for the statistical relation between fluctuations in the main parameters of the 802.11 standard wireless channel was obtained on the basis of the proposed mathematical ratios, which makes it possible to evaluate fluctuations of the information parameter based on the fluctuations of an energy one and vice versa. This is relevant when assessing the effective speed of information transmission based on measuring the signal strength at the receiver input using monitoring algorithms. The analysis of the reported results and their comparison with empirical studies have shown that based on the interrelation between the main channel parameters with a regression confidence interval it is possible to determine the level of fluctuations based on the confidence probability. The dependence of a fluctuation level on the variances and confidence intervals of regression models has also been established. With a probability of 0.85, the fluctuations have been obtained for direct visibility and at a minimum number of interferences while a probability of 0.97 shows the impact of a multipath wave propagation factor in the premises
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Da, Silva Resende Luis Henrique, and Pereira Iuri Almeida. "Interferências Bluetooth Em Redes Wi-fi De 2,4 Ghz: Impactos Em Dispositivos IoT." CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIAS EMERGENTES 1 (November 2, 2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14027271.
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Este estudo apresenta uma análise comparativa das latências na comunicação em ambientesonde coexistem as tecnologias Bluetooth e Wi-Fi de 2,4 GHz, com ênfase no impacto potencialdo Bluetooth sobre redes Wi-Fi. Para identificar e analisar os possíveis problemas causados poressa coexistência, utiliza-se o prompt de comando do Windows, com o comando ping comoferramenta principal. Os resultados mostram que, com os equipamentos empregados napesquisa, ocorrem interferências e aumentos significativos na latência em todos os modos deoperação IEEE na faixa de 2,4 GHz (802.11b, 802.11g e 802.11n) quando o dispositivo demedição de latência está envolvido em uma conexão Bluetooth.
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Gupta, Akash, and Raj Gaurav Mishra. "Comprehensive Study of HiperLAN and HiperMAN Family of Wireless Communication Standards." HCTL Open International Journal of Technology Innovations and Research (IJTIR) 18, February 2016 (2016): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.161084.
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There has been a remarkable growth in the field of wireless communication standards and most of these standards find their roots back in 1996 (IEEE 802.11). These wireless standards are characterized based on their range, maximum signal rate, number of channels, channel bandwidth, data protection, frequency band, Quality of Service (QoS) and applications. The objective of this paper is the comprehensive study of High PErformance Radio Local Area Network (HiperLAN) and High PErformance Radio Metropolitan Area Network (HiperMAN) wireless standards created by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute’s (ETSI) project Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN). HiperLAN is the European alternative of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN while HiperMAN is the European alternative of the IEEE 802.16 WiMax. HiperLAN was proposed to obtain higher data rates than 802.11 and was launched in 1996 as HiperLAN/1 succeeded by HiperLAN/2 in 2000 to compete with IEEE 802.11a. HiperMAN was aimed to provide access in large area with ease of deployment and was developed on the basis of IEEE 802.16 and 802.16a.
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Jinadu, Olayinka, Rafiu Ijawoye, Olumide Ijarotimi, Victor Owa, and Nelson Akinboyewa. "On the Communication Requirements of IEEE 802.Xxx Standardization: Evaluating Cognition Performance in WLAN." International Journal of Case Studies (ISSN Online 2305-509X) 09, no. 02 (2020): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896541.
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Reconfiguration Communication System (RCS) intelligently provides interoperating platforms that enable communication with lower standards. Incremental demand for wireless services required justifiable capacity improvement of communication protocols. To ugrade existing wireless systems using APs computational techniques, the operational capability is facilitated flexible scaling and transmission reliability. This paper examines the communication requirements of relevant IEEE standardizations in cognition and interoperations. The impact of larger frame sizes and high delivery rates were examined in Ad-hoc wlan configuration. Using multi-user multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) technology as communication elements in bands below 6GHz, Throughput performance was investigated using enterprise Network Simulator Package (eNSP). A significant reduction in packet errors was recorded in the simulations. This suggests an improved throughput, provided by flexible switching over long-distances. IEEE802.11ac standard implementation confirmed efficient cognition while IEEE 802.22 technology established interoperability techniques during reconfigurations. Protocol amendment to IEEE 802.11a standardization provided higher throughput measure characterized for transmissions below 6GHz traffics. IEEE 802.11af enables multiple multimedia data streaming while co-existence of multiple users on the network guaranteed system scaling. The co-existence of increasingly served users were provisioned by IEEE 8802.16h, while interoperation was facilitated by 802.22 to encourage dynamic resource utilization. Also, dual-stack AP peers in P2P modes provided much flexibility in parameter switching to enable fast handoffs. Support to local network management systems by reconfiguration made entire network scale with reduced latency and resultantly improved throughput performance was attributed to IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11af, 802.16h and IEEE 802.22 standardization implementations.
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Hsieh, Tsang Yen, and Jyh Liang Wang. "Compact Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi Portable Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.168.
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With the rapid development of the wireless communications, the quality of wireless communications services are increasingly improved, which makes people to pay more attention to efficiency and effectiveness of wireless communication system. Recently, some popular portable devices are those defined by 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n protocols, such as Wi-Fi card, Wi-Fi card reader and Wi-Fi hard disk. A dual frequency WLAN antenna used for applications of Wi-Fi portable devices is necessary. The reflection loss (Return Loss) of the antenna is a key parameter, therefore, the antenna return loss and bandwidth must meet the conditions of requirements. We use electromagnetic simulation software to simulate and tune the reflection loss of the antenna to more than 10 dB specification. According to the parameters of simulation results, a dual frequency WLAN antenna used for applications of Wi-Fi portable devices is fabricated.
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Lizakowski, Piotr. "Road Safety on the Example of Wireless Services – Case Study." Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, no. 2 (2023): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202331.
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The paper considers organising wireless access in vehicular environments. Such environments are normally affected by Doppler effects, so the IEEE 802.11p standard is expected to ensure an appropriate quality of service for moving objects. Theoretically, the IEEE 802.11p standard compensates for Doppler effects, but it should be ascertained whether 802.11p is still efficient at tiny Doppler shifts and when an object moves at higher speeds. The 802.11p link provides a data rate which is twice as low for 802.11a. Thus, an end-to-end simulation is carried out for the links at wide ranges of signal-to-noise ratio by varying the Doppler shift from 0 Hz to 100 Hz. The simulation also involves 8 modulation types for 128-, 512-, and 1024-bit packet transmissions to cover all possible study cases. The efficiency criterion is the packet-error rate, to which the data rate is additionally considered. The main simulation result is that the 802.11p link is efficient only at not high speeds. The packet length should be shortened to suppress the influence of the object’s speed. Therefore, to enable high-quality wireless access in vehicular environments, a combination of the 802.11p and 802.11a links should be used, where phase shift keying is more effective for 802.11a and quadrature amplitude modulation is more effective for 802.11p. The trade-off herein is a data rate versus margin speed.
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Janczak, Tomasz, Jerzy Konorski, Józef Woźniak, and Krzysztof Pawlikowski. "Modulo N Backoff Scheme for Effective QoS Differentiation and Increased Bandwidth Utilization in IEEE 802.11 Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2009.2.926.
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The paper presents a new modulo N channel access scheme for wireless local area networks (WLANs). The novel solution derives from the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 standard, further elaborated as enhanced distribution channel access (EDCA) by the 802.11e draft specification. The main innovation concerns improvement of the binary exponential backoff scheme used for collision avoidance in 802.11 networks. The most appealing feature of the new modulo N backoff scheme is that it outperforms the original 802.11 solution in terms of channel utilization ratio under any traffic conditions. Furthermore, the modulo N proposal can be naturally augmented with QoS differentiation mechanisms like 802.11e extensions. The prioritized modulo N scheme achieves better throughput-delay characteristics for multimedia traffic when compared with the original 802.11e proposal. At the same time, the new solution retains backward compatibility and includes all features which have made IEEE 802.11 networks extremely popular nowadays.
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Korepanov, Kirill Eduardovich, Irina Alekseevna Kaisina, Roman Eduardovich Shibanov, Albert Vinerovich Abilov, and Mohammed Amin Lamri. "QoS Analysis of Video Streaming in the UAV Networks with WiFi Standards." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 24, no. 4 (2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-4-73-79.
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The paper presents the results of simulation of the process of video data transmission from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to a ground station using the IEEE 802.11 family standards (802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax), with the ability to change modulation indices, coding schemes and data transfer rate in a network simulator NS-3. The aim of the work is to analyze the characteristics of the quality of video data transmission in the UAV network for various Wi-Fi standards, which allows determining the most suitable standard for the transmission of video data in the UAV network, depending on the distances between nodes and the required frequency band. A scenario is considered in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hovering in the air was transmitting a video stream to a ground station, while the distance between nodes increased, and the transmission rate was maintained at the same level close to the transmission rate of the real video stream. The simulation was carried out in several stages for a more detailed study of the dependence of the packet loss of the transmitted data on the change in modulation indices, coding schemes and other parameters. Based on the simulation results, the characteristics of the video data transmission quality were obtained as a relation between the Packet delivery rate (PDR) and distance between nodes for different transmission parameters for each considered standard of the IEEE 802.11 family. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the influence of transmission parameters on the quality of service characteristics. The study was carried out in an open-source network simulator NS-3, which implements build-in libraries that are necessary for high-quality simulation of data streaming transmission and allows you to set a wide range of parameters to obtain realistic results. The results of the work may be of interest to UAV manufacturers when planning missions in which the choice of Wi-Fi standard used as a channel for transmitting video data is crucial.
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Bin Ha, Chang, and Hyoung-Kyu Song. "Multi-Hop Routing Cooperative Communication for Improving Throughput in IEEE 802.11x Wireless LAN." International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 07, no. 06 (2017): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706045861.
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Lazebnyi, V. S., and O. O. Omelyanets. "Features of voice traffic transmission using IEEE 802.11ac wireless networks." Radiotekhnika, no. 216 (March 20, 2024): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2024.1.216.09.
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The purpose of the research is to find out the features of voice traffic transmission for the organization of IP telephony service in office premises using the IEEE 802.11ac network to ensure the high-quality provision of the specified service for a sufficiently large number of users even in the case of intensive transmission of a mixed traffic. The analytical study is based on traditional probabilistic approaches to evaluating the operational characteristics of wireless networks of the 802.11 standard. The 802.11ac network with a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz in the mode with one spatial stream was studied. In the specified network, a scenario was considered in which, for the provision of IP-telephony services, prioritization was carried out in accordance with the IEEE 802.11e specification, with AC_VO priority given to a voice traffic, and AC_BK priority to other data transmitted over the same network. It is mathematically substantiated that if there are stations in the IEEE 802.11ac network transmitting low-priority traffic of the AS_BK class, even under saturated load conditions, the simultaneous operation of a large number of stations transmitting voice traffic is possible. Estimates of the effect of frame sizes of low-priority traffic, as well as the impact of collisions on conditions of voice traffic transmission are obtained. The work uses an original method of studying the conditions of transmission of high-priority traffic in networks with a mixed load. The research results will be useful to specialists in the field of planning and maintenance of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks to ensure high quality indicators of voice services.
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Kumala, Devi, Rizal Munadi, and Teuku Yuliar Arif. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN THROUGHPUT DENGAN VARIASI DAYA PANCAR PADA JARINGAN WIRELESS 802.11g dan 802.11n." Jurnal Infomedia 4, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jim.v4i1.735.
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Idealnya suatu pengiriman data pada jaringan wireless dapat memberikan throughput data yang optimal. Kondisi tersebut sulit dapat dipenuhi dan dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Dalam penelitian ini, ruang lingkup pembahasan dibatasi pada jaringan yang menggunakan teknologi 802.11g dan teknologi 802.11n untuk melihat pengaruh throughput dan packet loss dengan variasi daya pancar. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulator NS-3 dan diterapkan pada topologi Wireless Mesh Network pada grid 2x1, 2x3, dan 2x5 dengan jarak antar node sebesar 25 m dan menggunakan Idealwifimanager sebagai algoritmanya. Variasi daya pancar yang dipakai berkisar antara 1 dbm sampai dengan 10 dbm dan variasi packet data sejumlah 1024, 5120 dan 51200 byte dengan durasi waktu pengujian setiap 60 detik. Dari hasil pengamatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa wireless 802.11n memiliki nilai throughput yang lebih besar dibandingkan Wireless 802.11g, namun rata rata menggunakan daya pancar yang besar untuk dapat melewatkan paket data. Dalam hal packet loss, kehilangan data sangat besar terjadi pada Wireless 802.11n dengan packet size yang besar.Kata kunci— 802.11g, 802.11n, throughput, daya pancar, packet data.
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Morshedi, Maghsoud, and Josef Noll. "Estimating PQoS of Video Streaming on Wi-Fi Networks Using Machine Learning." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020621.
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Video on demand (VoD) services such as YouTube have generated considerable volumes of Internet traffic in homes and buildings in recent years. While Internet service providers deploy fiber and recent wireless technologies such as 802.11ax to support high bandwidth requirement, the best-effort nature of 802.11 networks and variable wireless medium conditions hinder users from experiencing maximum quality during video streaming. Hence, Internet service providers (ISPs) have an interest in monitoring the perceived quality of service (PQoS) in customer premises in order to avoid customer dissatisfaction and churn. Since existing approaches for estimating PQoS or quality of experience (QoE) requires external measurement of generic network performance parameters, this paper presents a novel approach to estimate the PQoS of video streaming using only 802.11 specific network performance parameters collected from wireless access points. This study produced datasets comprising 802.11n/ac/ax specific network performance parameters labelled with PQoS in the form of mean opinion scores (MOS) to train machine learning algorithms. As a result, we achieved as many as 93–99% classification accuracy in estimating PQoS by monitoring only 802.11 parameters on off-the-shelf Wi-Fi access points. Furthermore, the 802.11 parameters used in the machine learning model were analyzed to identify the cause of quality degradation detected on the Wi-Fi networks. Finally, ISPs can utilize the results of this study to provide predictable and measurable wireless quality by implementing non-intrusive monitoring of customers’ perceived quality. In addition, this approach reduces customers’ privacy concerns while reducing the operational cost of analytics for ISPs.
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Bilgin, B. E., and V. C. Gungor. "Performance Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11b for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in Highway, Rural, and Urban Areas." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2013 (November 6, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/971684.
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Communication between vehicles has recently been a popular research topic. Generally, the Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure (I2I) communications applications can be divided into two sections: (i) safety applications and (ii) nonsafety applications. In this study, we have investigated the performance of IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11b based on real-world measurements and radio propagation models of V2V networks in different environments, including highway, rural, and urban areas. Furthermore, we have investigated the most used V2V mobility models and simulation tools. Comparative performance evaluations show that the IEEE 802.11p achieves higher network throughput, low end-to-end delay, and higher delivery ratio compared to IEEE 802.11b. Overall, our main objective is to describe potential advantages, research challenges, and applications of V2V networks and show how IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11b will perform under different radio propagation environments.
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Yusuf, Muhammad, and Radityo Anggoro. "Analisis perbandingan wireless network standard 802.11a dan 802.11p berdasarkan protokol dynamic source routing di lingkungan vehicular ad hoc networks." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 3, no. 2 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/register.v3i2.1040.
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Routing pada Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) merupakan kasus yang unik karena tingginya perubahan jaringannya. VANET sendiri juga digolongkan dalam Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), sehingga protokol-protokol routing yang ada pada MANET dapat juga dipakai pada VANET. Pemilihan protokol routing menjadi salah satu aspek yang cukup penting. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan melakukan evaluasi seberapa kuatnya protokol Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) dalam menghadapi berbagai skenario VANET yang memiliki kepadatan bervariasi di dalam lalu lintas perkotaan. Digunakan protokol 802.11p dalam ruang lingkup lalu lintas perkotaan yang didapat dari SUMo simulator, dan dianalisa menggunakan NS-2. Pemilihan 802.11p juga dipilih dari hasil perbandingan antara 802.11p dan 802.11a pada ruang lingkup lalu lintas yang berbentuk grid yang didapat juga dari simulator yang sama. Dari hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa 802.11p memiliki performa yang lebih bagus dan bervariasi terhadap kepadatan-kepadatan yang telah ditentukan. Routing on Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a unique case due to the high network changes. VANET itself is also classified in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), so the MANET routing protocols can also be used on VANET. Selection of routing protocols becomes one of the most important aspects. Therefore, this study will evaluate how strong the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol in dealing with various VANET scenarios that have varied densities in urban traffic. This research is using an 802.11p protocol that obtained from SUMO simulator and then analyzed by NS-2. The 802.11p protocol was selected based on the result of performance comparison between 802.11p and 802.11a on some grid-shaped traffic scenarios. The results show that 802.11p has better performance and more robust than 802.11a while using predefined densities.
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Guswita, Nadia, Amelia Yolanda, Ummul Khair, and Yoppi Lisyadi Oktapianus. "Perancangan dan Implementasi Broadband Wireless Acces Berbasis 802.11ac pada Jaringan Provider Zettalink." ELECTRON Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 5, no. 2 (2024): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.33019/electron.v5i2.231.
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Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) adalah jenis jaringan lokal nirkabel dengan keunggulan pada jumlah pengguna, jangkauan yang luas, serta kecepatan tinggi, sesuai dengan standar IEEE 108.16. Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan akan akses internet stabil dan cepat, beberapa wilayah, termasuk Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti, menghadapi kendala dalam pengembangan infrastruktur telekomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun jaringan BWA guna meningkatkan kualitas jaringan di kecamatan tersebut. Sebagian besar jaringan WLAN saat ini menggunakan frekuensi 2.4GHz dengan standar IEEE 802.11g dan 802.11n, yang sering terjadi interferensi atau gangguan. Standar IEEE 802.11ac, yang hanya beroperasi pada frekuensi 5GHz, digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghindari interferensi pada 2.4GHz serta mendukung lebar kanal hingga 80MHz, yang meningkatkan efisiensi jaringan. Sebagai penyedia layanan lokal, Zettalink memiliki posisi strategis dalam mengimplementasikan teknologi BWA berbasis 802.11ac di wilayah rural seperti Lembah Gumanti. Berbeda dengan teknologi WiMAX yang mahal dan berbayar, BWA 802.11ac memungkinkan akses yang lebih terjangkau pada daerah rural. Jaringan ini dirancang dengan metode Point-to-multipoint menggunakan antenna sectoral dan omnidirectional, sesuai dengan kondisi geografis Lembah Gumanti yang berbukit dan lembap. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah perancangan jaringan dengan UISP Design Center, analisis penerapan antenna sectoral pada Ubiquiti LiteBeam M5, dan perhitungan daya terima perangkat. Tantangan utama dalam implementasi ini adalah risiko interferensi akibat cuaca lembap dan curah hujan tinggi, serta biaya tinggi untuk pengadaan perangkat
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Shah, Zawar, and Ashutosh Kolhe. "Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11ac and IEEE 802.11n in a Residential Home Environment." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 9, no. 1 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2017010101.
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IEEE 802.11ac is the latest WiFi standard that operates in 5GHz frequency band and promises high data rate than IEEE 802.11n. In this paper, the authors carry out experiments using commercial off-the-shelf equipment in a typical home environment and quantify the gain provided by IEEE 802.11ac compared to IEEE 802.11n. Their experimental results obtained in a typical home environment show that in 5GHz frequency band with a 2x2 MIMO configuration, IEEE 802.11ac provides much higher throughput than IEEE 802.11n. IEEE 802.11ac provides an average throughput gain of 94% and 91% at a distance of 3.6m and 8.5m from the wireless router, respectively. The authors further investigate the gain in average throughput that is provided by IEEE 802.11ac when the transmit antenna diversity on the wireless router is increased from two to three. They note that IEEE 802.11ac with a 3x2 MIMO configuration helps to combat multipath fading effect present in residential home environment and provides higher average throughput than 2x2 MIMO e.g. at a distance of 11m from the wireless router, 3x2 MIMO configuration provides a gain of 15.13% than the 2x2 MIMO configuration. The authors conclude based on their results (obtained via experiments in a typical home environment) that although IEEE 802.11ac wireless routers are more expensive than IEEE 802.11n wireless routers however, high throughput provided by IEEE 802.11ac justifies the high cost associated with its routers.
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Khalil, N., and A. Najid. "Performance analysis of 802.11ac with frame aggregation using NS3." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 5368. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5368-5376.
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802.11ac is an interesting standard of IEEE bringing multiple advantages than its predecessor 802.11n. 802.11ac is faster and more scalable version of 802.11n offering the capabilities of wireless Gigabit Ethernet. 802.11ac will enable access points (AP) to support more STAs with a better experience for clients and more channel bonding increasing from a maximum of 40 MHz with 802.11n up to 80 or 160 MHz with 802.11ac standard. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the 802.11ac performance using NS3 simulator (v3.26) relying on several features like channel bonding, modulation and coding schemes, guard interval and frame aggregation. Then, we present the effect of the variation of distance between STAs and AP on the network performance in term of throughput. Finally, we capture the most relevant simulations outcomes and we indicate some research challenges for the future work.
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N., Khalil, and Najid A. "Performance analysis of 802.11ac with frame aggregation using NS3." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 5368–76. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5368-5376.
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802.11ac is an interesting standard of IEEE bringing multiple advantages than its predecessor 802.11n. 802.11ac is faster and more scalable version of 802.11n offering the capabilities of wireless Gigabit Ethernet. 802.11ac will enable access points (AP) to support more STAs with a better experience for clients and more channel bonding increasing from a maximum of 40 MHz with 802.11n up to 80 or 160 MHz with 802.11ac standard. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the 802.11ac performance using NS3 simulator (v3.26) relying on several features like channel bonding, modulation and coding schemes, guard interval and frame aggregation. Then, we presentthe effect of the variation of d istance between STAs and AP on the network performance in term of throughput. Finally, we capture the most relevant simulations outcomes and we indicate some research challenges for the future work.
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Ahn, Jinsoo, Young Kim, and Ronny Kim. "A Novel WLAN Vehicle-To-Anything (V2X) Channel Access Scheme for IEEE 802.11p-Based Next-Generation Connected Car Networks." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112112.
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To support a massive number of connected cars, a novel channel access scheme for next-generation vehicle-to-anything (V2X) systems is proposed in this paper. In the design of the proposed scheme, two essential aspects are carefully considered: backward compatibility and massive V2X support. Since IEEE 802.11p-based V2X networks are already being deployed and used for intelligent transport systems, next-generation V2X shall be designed considering IEEE 802.11p-based V2X networks to provide backward compatibility. Since all future cars are expected to be equipped with a V2X communication device, a dense V2X communication scenario will be common and massive V2X communication support will be required. In the proposed scheme, IEEE 802.11-based extension is employed to provide backward compatibility and the emerging IEEE 802.11ax standard-based orthogonal frequency-division multiple access is adopted and extended to provide massive V2X support. The proposed scheme is further extended with a dedicated V2X channel and a scheduled V2X channel access to ensure high capacity and low latency to meet the requirements of the future V2X communication systems. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme thoroughly and rigorously, the proposed scheme is mathematically analyzed using a Markov model and extensive simulations are performed. In the dense V2X communication networks of the future, the proposed V2X communication scheme will provide high performance and reliability.
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Park, Chang-Seop, Hyun-Sun Kang, and Jaijin Jung. "A Cross-Layer Key Management Scheme for MIPv6 Fast Handover over IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN." Mobile Information Systems 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/708064.
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A new key management and security scheme is proposed to integrate Layer Two (L2) and Layer Three (L3) keys for secure and fast Mobile IPv6 handover over IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Unlike the original IEEE 802.11-based Mobile IPv6 Fast Handover (FMIPv6) that requires time-consuming IEEE 802.1x-based Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication on each L3 handover, the newly proposed key management and security scheme requires only one 802.1x-EAP regardless of how many L3 handovers occur. Therefore, the proposed scheme reduces the handover latency that results from a lengthy 802.1x-based EAP. The proposed key management and security scheme is extensively analyzed in terms of security and performance, and the proposed security scheme is shown to be more secure than those that were previously proposed.
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Robyns, Pieter, Bram Bonné, Peter Quax, and Wim Lamotte. "Noncooperative 802.11 MAC Layer Fingerprinting and Tracking of Mobile Devices." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6235484.
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We present two novel noncooperative MAC layer fingerprinting and tracking techniques for Wi-Fi (802.11) enabled mobile devices. Our first technique demonstrates how a per-bit entropy analysis of a single captured frame allows an adversary to construct a fingerprint of the transmitter that is 80.0 to 67.6 percent unique for 50 to 100 observed devices and 33.0 to 15.1 percent unique for 1,000 to 10,000 observed devices. We show how existing mitigation strategies such as MAC address randomization can be circumvented using only this fingerprint and temporal information. Our second technique leverages peer-to-peer 802.11u Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) requests and 802.11e Block Acknowledgement (BA) requests to instigate transmissions on demand from devices that support these protocols. We validate these techniques using two datasets, one of which was recorded at a music festival containing 28,048 unique devices and the other at our research lab containing 138 unique devices. Finally, we discuss a number of countermeasures that can be put in place by mobile device vendors in order to prevent noncooperative tracking through the discussed techniques.
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Sepúlveda, Roberto, Oscar Montiel-Ross, Jorge Quiñones-Rivera, and Ernesto E. Quiroz. "WLAN Cell Handoff Latency Abatement Using an FPGA Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Implementation." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/219602.
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Following the path toward 4 G set by its wireless siblings LTE and WiMax, IEEE 802.11 technology, universally known as WiFi, is evolving to become a high data rate QoS-enabled mobile platform. The IEEE 802.11n standard yields data rates up to 450 Mbp s and the 802.11e standard ensures proficient QoS for real-time applications. Still in need of better performance, multicell environments that provide extended coverage allow the mobile station nomadic passage beyond a single cell by means of cell dissociation-association process known as handoff. This process poses a challenge for real-time applications like voice over IP (150 ms maximum delay) and video (200–400 ms) sessions, to give the user a seamless cell-crossing without data loss or session breakage. It presented an approach of a predictive fuzzy Logic controller to reduce the channel scanning process to a tenth of the standard time, and its efficient FPGA implementation to speed up the processing time. The algorithm of the fuzzy controller was implemented in C language. Experimental results are provided.
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Sangolli, Sneha V. "TCP Throughput Measurement and Comparison of IEEE 802.11 Legacy, IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac Standards." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i20/83978.
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Morshedi, Maghsoud, and Josef Noll. "Estimating PQoS of Video Conferencing on Wi-Fi Networks Using Machine Learning." Future Internet 13, no. 3 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13030063.
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Video conferencing services based on web real-time communication (WebRTC) protocol are growing in popularity among Internet users as multi-platform solutions enabling interactive communication from anywhere, especially during this pandemic era. Meanwhile, Internet service providers (ISPs) have deployed fiber links and customer premises equipment that operate according to recent 802.11ac/ax standards and promise users the ability to establish uninterrupted video conferencing calls with ultra-high-definition video and audio quality. However, the best-effort nature of 802.11 networks and the high variability of wireless medium conditions hinder users experiencing uninterrupted high-quality video conferencing. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the perceived quality of service (PQoS) of video conferencing using only 802.11-specific network performance parameters collected from Wi-Fi access points (APs) on customer premises. This study produced datasets comprising 802.11-specific network performance parameters collected from off-the-shelf Wi-Fi APs operating at 802.11g/n/ac/ax standards on both 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands to train machine learning algorithms. In this way, we achieved classification accuracies of 92–98% in estimating the level of PQoS of video conferencing services on various Wi-Fi networks. To efficiently troubleshoot wireless issues, we further analyzed the machine learning model to correlate features in the model with the root cause of quality degradation. Thus, ISPs can utilize the approach presented in this study to provide predictable and measurable wireless quality by implementing a non-intrusive quality monitoring approach in the form of edge computing that preserves customers’ privacy while reducing the operational costs of monitoring and data analytics.
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Ahn, Woojin. "Novel Multi-AP Coordinated Transmission Scheme for 7th Generation WLAN 802.11be." Entropy 22, no. 12 (2020): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121426.
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The demand for high-data-rate and time-sensitive applications, such as 4k/8k video streaming and real-time augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and gaming, has increased significantly. Addressing the inefficiency of distributed channel access and the fairness problem between uplink and downlink flows is crucial for the development of wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies. In this study, we propose a novel transmission scheme for IEEE 802.11be networks that addresses the fairness problem and improves the system throughput. Utilizing the concept of multi-AP coordinated OFDMA introduced in the 7th-generation WLAN IEEE 802.11be, the proposed transmission scheme allows an AP to share a granted transmission opportunity (TXOP) with nearby APs. A mathematically analysis of the throughput performance of the proposed schemes was performed using a Markov chain model. The simulation results verify that the scheme effectively improves the downlink fairness and the system throughput. Combined with the advanced multiuser (MU) features of IEEE 802.11ax, such as TUA, MU cascading sequence, and MU EDCA, the proposed scheme not only enhances downlink AP transmission, but also guarantees improved control over the medium. The scheme is carefully designed to be fully compatible with conventional IEEE 802.11 protocols, and is thus potentially universal.
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Gerasimova, Jana, Anastasia Svetova, and Roman Dunaytsev. "Study of the Effect of Adjacent and Co-Channel Interference on the Performance of a Wi-Fi Network with a hannel Width of 40 MHz in the 2.4 GHz Band." Telecom IT 10, no. 4 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-4-1-12.
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For a long time, Wi-Fi networks have used 22 MHz wide (IEEE 802.11b) and 20 MHz wide (IEEE 802.11a/g) channels only. With the advent of the IEEE 802.11n, it became feasible to combine two adjacent 20 MHz channels to make a 40 MHz channel. By doubling channel width, it is possible to double data rates. However, neighboring Wi-Fi networks using 40 and 20 MHz wide channels can negatively affect each other due to adjacent and co-channel interference. Research subject. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study of parallel operation of two Wi-Fi networks using 40 MHz and 20 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz band. Method. To achieve this goal, the following methods of empirical research were used: measurement and experiment. Core results. Using a test bed, parallel
 operation of neighboring Wi-Fi networks using 40 MHz and 20 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz band was simulated. Based on the captured traffic, the effective data rate and the retry rate for both Wi-Fi networks were calculated. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be used for manual or automatic configuration of Wi-Fi routers.
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Zeng, Li Li. "Wireless LAN Security Vulnerabilities and Improvement Measures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3335.
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This paper mainly analyzed the security of TKIP protocol and VPN technology ,the wireless LAN 802.11 and 802.1x/EXP security vulnerabilities: defects of SSID and MAC Address Filtering, defects of User Authentication Method, security vulnerabilities of WEP Algorithm, defects of 802.1x / EAP and RADIUS Authentication, etc. The author put forward improvement authentication and encryption method as improving wireless LAN security measures.
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Marques, Rodolphe, Edgar Araújo, and André Zúquete. "Fast 802.11 handovers with 802.1X reauthentications." Security and Communication Networks 4, no. 3 (2011): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sec.184.
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Lara Cueva, Román Alcides, Claudia Betzabeth Fernández Jiménez, and Carlos Andrés Morales Maldonado. "Análisis del desempeño en un enlace descendente de redes basadas en los estándares IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n y WDS. / Performance analysis of downlink networks based on standards IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n and WDS / Performance analysis of down-link." RECI Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Computacionales e Informática 5, no. 10 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/reci.v5i10.42.
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En este artículo se analiza el desempeño del enlace descendente de redes basadas en los estándares IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n y WDS (Wireless Distributed Systems) al interior de un edifico. Para ello se plantean tres escenarios considerando fija la ubicación del transmisor en el primer piso y que el receptor varía su ubicación a las distancias de 3.6m, 7.2m y 10.8m desde el transmisor, existiendo un obstáculo entre cada distancia. En la obtención de resultados se emplea la técnica intrusiva de inyección de tráfico teniendo como principales métricas de desempeño al throughput normalizado, delay, packetloss y jitter. Los mejores resultados considerando el throughput normalizado como medida de eficiencia se obtuvieron con la red basada en el estándar IEEE 802.11n en el primer escenario con 78 %, mientras que en el segundo escenario WDS presenta una eficiencia de 52 %, finalmente en el tercer escenario con IEEE 802.11b se obtiene una eficiencia de 17 %.
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Xue, Shanzheng, Siyuan Gong, and Xinyi Li. "A Comparative Study of IEEE 802.11bd and IEEE 802.11p on the Data Dissemination Properties in Dynamic Traffic Scenarios." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052099.
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With the rapid deployment of intelligent transportation systems in real-life applications, both dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), utilized to enable V2X communication, are undergoing extensive development to meet the quality of service (QoS) demands of advanced vehicular applications and scenarios. Compared to C-V2X, which lacks fully validated effective reliability, DSRC has undergone extensive field testing worldwide, ensuring its practicality. IEEE 802.11bd, as the next-generation V2X (NGV) standard within DSRC, is expected to greatly exceed the performance of its predecessor, 802.11p. However, existing studies mention that the ambient traffic environment will influence the performance of V2X due to the cyber-physical properties of V2X. To fully assess the advancements of NGV, this study presents a comparative analysis of IEEE 802.11bd and IEEE 802.11p, focusing on dynamic traffic conditions. Specifically, the technical advancements of the IEEE 802.11bd standard are first theoretically examined, emphasizing significant enhancements in aspects like modulation and coding schemes, coding rates, and channel coding. Subsequently, these critical technical enhancements are implemented in Veins, a simulation framework for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), encompassing large-scale dynamic traffic scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the IEEE 802.11bd standard significantly enhances the data transfer rate compared to IEEE 802.11p, achieving a stable twofold increase. Furthermore, the data transmission latency is reduced by over half compared to IEEE 802.11p, while the data transmission reliability experiences a noteworthy 20% enhancement. Notably, the enhanced data transmission mode of the IEEE 802.11bd standard requires an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Additionally, this research evaluates the data dissemination properties in the IoV and finds that the traffic volume has a limited impact on the data propagation speed.
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Muhammad Puguh Pamungkas, Catur Iswahyudi, and Suwanto Raharjo. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANSI JARINGAN WLAN 2.4 GHz DAN 5 GHz." Jurnal Jarkom 11, no. 2 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34151/jarkom.v11i2.4786.
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Pada perkembangan teknologi saat ini jaringan wireless sering digunakan, karena memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam bekomunikasi melalui media internet. Berdasarkan standar IEEE, jaringan wireless LAN bekerja pada dua jenis band frekuensi, yaitu IEEE 802.11b/g, 802.11a, dan 802.11n bekerja pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz, 5 GHz, dan dual band 2,4 dan 5 GHz. Teknologi WiFi dengan frekuensi kerja 5 GHz mengklaim memiliki kecepatan transfer data dan spektrum lebih lebar jika dibandingkan dengan frekuensi 2,4 GHz. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil kualitas jaringan WLAN 5 GHz dan 2.4 GHz berdasarkan parameter Line Rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan lalu lintas data dan kualitas jaringan WLAN 5 GHz dan 2.4 GHz berdasarkan parameter Line Rate. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan software speedtest & access point Tenda. Pengujian dilakukan pada jaringan wireless di Asrama Curup, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Pada hasil pengukuran Line Rate, rata-rata pada pengujian jaringan 5 GHz dan WLAN 2.4 GHz mendapatkan nilai 9.060,57 KBps dan 5.466,71 KBps. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya access point yang bisa menjangkau di semua sisi Asrama didalam maupun diluar gedung. Solusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas jaringan wireless dapat dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan access point, repeater atau brigde supaya pengguna yang berada di luar gedung bisa menjangkau jaringan wireless tanpa hambatan.
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Arif, Teuku Yuliar, Munandar Munandar, Ramzi Adriman, and Rizal Munadi. "CARA-OHT: Collision-Aware Rate Adaptation for Optimal High-Throughput in IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 13 (2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i13.13245.
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The wireless mesh network (WMN) is a future network technology that develops single-hop wireless local area networks (WLANs) into multi-hop wireless mesh networks, based on the IEEE 802.11s standard. However, this development still presents many challenges, such as determining the best route between sources and destinations, especially taking into account the use of the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. Some papers have proposed rate adaptation algorithms particularly for single-hop networks; however, these only focused on mechanisms to find data rates suitable for channel conditions. In IEEE 802.11s WMNs, the design of the rate adaptation algorithm is more challenging. Besides considering the problem of channel quality and optimal throughput, it is necessary to also consider the problem of collision and the best route. It is important to take collision into account because the collision probability in multi-hop mesh networks is higher than that in single-hop networks and can lead to a lower throughput. Rate adaptation algorithms for IEEE 802.11s WMNs have been proposed in other papers, but they also do not consider the use of the MAC and PHY layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. In this paper, we propose the collision-aware rate adaptation for optimal high-throughput (CARA-OHT) algorithm for WMN IEEE 802.11s. An evaluation through the extensive use of a network NS-3 simulator shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits a higher throughput than previously developed algorithms.