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Journal articles on the topic '9Ni0'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

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1

Qu, Zhao Xia, Li Qian Xia, and Xiao Jie Wang. "The Study on Welding Technology of 9Ni Steel." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.516.

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9Ni steel is a low temperature serving ferrite steel, providing high strength and excellent low temperature toughness, which could serve well at-196°C. Therefore 9Ni steel is widely used in storage tanks and transport ships for liquefied natural gas (LNG). Nevertheless there are some challenges in the industrial application, such as hot cracking, cold cracking, magnetic arc blow, etc.. In this paper, the study on the welding technology of 9Ni steel developed by Baosteel is carried out. Firstly the weldability is analyzed through welding thermal simulation using Gleeble 3500 system, Y-groove cracking test, maximum hardness in weld heat-affected zone test. The results prove that 9Ni steel could be welded without preheating. The welding consumables have also significant influence on the performance of the welded joints. In this paper the characteristics of different types of welding consumables, including ferrite base type, austenitic stainless steel type, Ni-base alloy type and Fe-Ni base alloy type are analyzed, then the selecting principle for welding consumables is proposed. Furthermore welding process experiments are undertaken using various welding procedures such as SMAW, GTAW, FCAW and SAW. The results indicate that heat input and interpass temperature should be controlled to ensure a sound weld joint. Finally fracture toughness at-196°C of 9Ni steel and its joint is studied using CTOD test. In conclusion, 9Ni steel developed by Baosteel has good weldability and can meet the requirements of industrial application.

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2

Hany, Sara, Benoit Duponchel, Antoine Aboukaïs, Eugene Bychkov, and Edmond Abi Aad. "X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Studies of the 9Ni Cryogenic Steel and its Weld Joint." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.697.

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To guarantee the reliability and safe operation of large-scale metallic structures exposed to cryogenic temperatures for extended periods, it is important to evaluate structural properties of the base metal as well as the welded zone in order to prevent damages that could occur. Spatially-resolved high-energy synchrotron diffraction, pulsed neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering have been used to study short, intermediate and mesoscopic range order in cryogenic 9Ni steel as well as the structural changes induced by the welding. Pristine 9Ni steel appears to be a metastable Fe-Ni alloy with main bcc martensitic phase and a minority fcc austenitic phase. Welding of 9Ni steel using SMAW technique has revealed a fast intergranular nickel diffusion at high temperatures during welding originated from high nickel content in the SMAW welding alloy.

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3

Shin, Jae Kyoung, Soo Woo Nam, and Soo Chan Lee. "A Study of Nitrogen Effect on the Characteristics of Creep-Rupture in 18Cr-9Ni Austenitic Steels." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.409.

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To understand the effects of nitrogen on high temperature, creep-rupture tests have been conducted at 973 and 1073K for 18Cr-9Ni austenitic stainless steels with 0.14 and 0.08wt% nitrogen contents. It is observed that creep-rupture life of 18Cr-9Ni-0.14N steel is longer than that of 18Cr-9Ni-0.08N steel. To verify the difference in creep-rupture life between two alloys, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy are used to observe the microstructure. From the observations, it is known that the Cr-rich carbides are precipitated mainly at the grain boundary. Comparing the ratio of the linear density of the precipitate particles, the higher nitrogen content is, the less carbide is precipitated. Nitrogen might retard the formation of carbides at the grain boundary and reduce the density of cavity sites which are one of the main grain boundary damages.

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4

Cao, Guang-Ming, Zhi-Wei Gao, and Xin-Yu Gao. "Predicting flow stress of Ni steel based on machine learning algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 236, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 4253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062211048175.

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This article builds a stress–strain prediction model based on production data from the steel industry by using machine learning algorithms. Based on the stress–strain data of 9Ni steel hot deformation behavior, the prediction model of flow stress constitutive equation of 9Ni steel is established. Four models, including Arrhenius-type model considering strain compensation, Arrhenius-type model of Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCNs) neural network, Arrhenius-type model of Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (AMPSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, are adopted in this research. The results show that the Arrhenius-type model considering strain compensation can predict the stress trend under different deformation conditions, but its prediction accuracy has some deviation. The prediction model based on SVM algorithm has the best prediction accuracy. The square of Correlation Coefficient (R2), the Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE), and Mean Square Error (MSE) are 0.99996, 0.002455, and 0.1998, respectively. Based on the data of 9Ni steel hot deformation behavior, the prediction models of machine learning algorithm have good application prospects in steel industry.

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5

Su, Hang, Xi Qing Zhao, Tao Pan, Xiao Rong Lei, and Qing Feng Wang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in QT-Treated 9Ni Steel." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.39.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties in QT-Treated 9Ni steel were investigated. The detail microstructures were observed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The volume fraction of austenite was estimated by XRD. Tensile test at room temperature and Charpy-V-Notch (CVN) impact test at -196°C were carried out. The results showed that the microstructure of QT-treated 9%Ni steel was composed of tempered martensite and reversed austenite. The brittle cementite was absorbed gradually by the increasing reversed austenite as the tempering temperature increased. The optimum tempering temperature range was 560°C~580°C. The reversed austenite could improve the cryogenic toughness of 9Ni steel through the combination of the scavenging effect and the TRIP effect.

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6

Mohd Rabani, Nur Amira, and Zakiah Kamdi. "Two-Body Dry Abrasive Wear Performance of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spray Process and Electrodeposited Cermet Coatings." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.131.

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In order to protect parts against wear, the carbon steel used are commonly coated by cermet coatings to increase the wear resistance. In this paper, the coatings consist of tungsten carbide 17wt% cobalt (WC-17Co), tungsten carbide 9wt% nickel (WC-9Ni), electrodeposited nickel (electro Ni) and electrodeposited nickel-silicon carbide (electro Ni-SiC) coatings. All coatings are deposited onto AISI 1018 carbon steel by using two different methods which are high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and co-electrodeposition method. Abrasive wear test were observed under two‑body dry abrasion conditions with pin-on-disc test arrangement. Based on the volume loss after the wear test, the wear rates were calculated by using Archard’s law. The wear tracks of the coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hardness of each coating was measured by using Vickers microhardness. The results showed that HVOF coatings have lower wear rate compared to the electrodeposited coatings. WC-9Ni has the lowest wear rate which is 4.06×10-3 mm3/Nm much lower compared to electro Ni-SiC of 16.36×10-3 mm3/Nm. This result was expected as the hardness of WC-9Ni is 1625.37 HV higher than electrodeposited coatings which approximately 380.51 HV. In conclusion, the methods of coating deposited affect the wear resistance as well as the hardness of the coatings.

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7

Wu, Hui Bin, Lei Li, Kun Zhang, and Di Tang. "Stability of Reversed Austenite in 9Ni Steel." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.580.

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The samples of 9Ni steel were treated by Quenching + Tempering (QT) and Quenching + larmellarizing + Tempering (QLT). The morphology, thermal stability and mechanical stability of the reversed austenite in 9Ni steel were studied by TEM, XRD, EBSD, subzero treatment, three-point bending, uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression. It turns out that blocky reversed austenite occurs in QT-treated steel, while blocky and filmy reversed austenite occurs in QLT-treated steel, additionally, the filmy reversed austenite distributes in the lath boundaries. Subzero treatment shows that certain amount of reversed austenite in QLT-treated samples transforms after dipping into liquefied nitrogen, but it retains a higher level of more stable austenite in QLT-treated sample than that in QT-treated sample. Both tension and compression facilitate the transformation of reversed austenite into martensite, and the retained austenite mainly locates within grains.

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8

Wang, Duan Jun, Li Gang Liu, Yu Hui Wang, Xi Qing Zhao, Wen Jun Liu, and Qing Feng Wang. "Effect of Energy Input of Welding Thermal Cycles on the Cryogenic Toughness of the CGHAZ in Steel 9Ni." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2449.

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The effect of energy input of welding thermal cycles with different t_(8/5) on the cryogenic toughness of the coarse-grained heat-affected zones(CGHAZs) in steel 9Ni was invested. The CGHAZ specimens for different energy input welding thermal cycles were prepared by GLEEBLE3500 thermal simulative experimental machine. The fracture morphology of welding thermal cycle specimens with different t_(8/5) was observed by using SEM. The microstructure, prior austenite grain and the appearance of packet in HAZ were observed by using OM. The block width was measured by using EBSD. The cryogenic toughness of the welding thermal cycle specimens becomes better with increasing t_(8/5). With increasing t_(8/5)，the appearance of granular bainite makes the space of martensite diminish, which refines the packet and block sizes. The refinement of martensite packet is the reason of the improvement of cryogenic toughness in steel 9Ni.

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9

Liu, Yi-zhi, Cai-fu Yang, Feng Chai, Tao Pan, and Hang Su. "High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of 9Ni Steel." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 21, no. 10 (October 2014): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(14)60168-0.

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10

Stiller, K., M. Hättestrand, and F. Danoix. "Precipitation in 9Ni–12Cr–2Cu maraging steels." Acta Materialia 46, no. 17 (November 1998): 6063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(98)00267-5.

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11

Kratochvíl, P., and J. Pešička. "Strengthening in the Cu-9Ni-1.2Sn alloy." Journal of Materials Science 24, no. 7 (July 1989): 2433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01174507.

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12

Ahmadian, Peyman, and Mahdi Taghizadeh. "The effect of non-metallic inclusion size and orientation on tensile properties of stainless steel (simulation and experiment)." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 26, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/471.

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In this study, the effect of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) on tensile behavior of titanium stabilized Fe-20Cr-9Ni steel was investigated. The size of NMIs was decreased via the electro-slag remelting (ESR) process. JK-inclusion rating method revealed that the studied steel consisted of D-type (square-shaped) inclusions. According to energy dispersive spectroscopy, it was determined that the appeared inclusions in the matrix of the titanium stabilized Fe-20Cr-9Ni steel is predominantly titanium nitride (TiN). As a result of the ESR process, excellent improvement in the tensile properties of the studied steel was observed. Subsequently, the effect of inclusion size (d = 5, 10, 25, 50 µm) and orientation (α = 0, 45°) on stress concentration factor around the non-metallic inclusion and metallic matrix was simulated. The result of finite element analysis indicated that, for both square (α = 0 °) and rhombus (α = 45°) shape inclusions, increasing inclusion size has resulted in high-stress concentration factor during plastic deformation. On the other hands, generated Mises stress field around the non-metallic inclusion presented that, for the same inclusion size, rhombus (α = 45°) shape inclusion is more susceptible to homogenous deformation in comparison with square (α = 0°) one.

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13

Chen, S. H., M. J. Zhao, X. Y. Li, and L. J. Rong. "Compression Stability of Reversed Austenite in 9Ni Steel." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 28, no. 6 (June 2012): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-0302(12)60097-8.

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14

Wang, Duan Jun, Yu Hui Wang, Li Gang Liu, Wen Jun Liu, Xi Qing Zhao, and Qing Feng Wang. "Phase Transformation Behavior and Microstructure Characterization of 9Ni Cryogenic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1183.

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The SHCCT (simulated heat affected zone continuous cooling transformation) of 9Ni cryogenic steel were investigated. The microstructures observed in simulated heat affected zone (HAZ) continuous cooled specimens are composed of bainite (B) and martensite (M) depending on the cooling rates. The dimension of prior austensite grain, M-A constituent content, M-A dimension, M-A area density increase with increased the time of t8/5.

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15

Yu, Hong Yao, Jian Xin Dong, and Xi Shan Xie. "650°C Long-Term Structure Stability Study on 18Cr-9Ni-3CuNbN Heat-Resistant Steel." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.118.

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The Cu-containing austenitic heat-resistant steel 18Cr-9Ni-3CuNbN has been widely used as superheater and reheater tube material for modern ultra-super-critical (USC) power plants in the world. High temperature structure stability is considered to be an important factor for long-term service. Long-term aging at 650°C for this steel was conducted from 100 to 10,000hours. Effect of aging time on microstructure was studied by means of SEM, TEM and 3DAP (three dimensional atom probe). Micro-hardness tests were carried out after aging at 650°C for different times to be considered as a representative of strength. Experimental results show that Cu-rich phase, MX and M23C6 are major strengthening precipitates in this steel. With on increasing of aging time, fine nano-size Cu-rich phase particles precipitate in the grains and its size is in the range of several nanometers to 35nm till 10,000h at 650°C. The fraction of MX also increases with aging time and its average size is about 100nm till 10,000h. Carbide M23C6 mainly precipitates at grain boundaries and coarsens quickly. Investigation results show that the most important strengthening effect for 18Cr-9Ni-3CuNbN steel is contributed by Cu-rich phase and MX in the grains and M23C6 carbide at the grain boundaries.

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16

PAHUTA, Petr, Zdenek JANÍK, Ludmila HYSPECKÍ, and Karel MAZANEC. "Structure of 9Ni and 9NiMo steels for cryogenic applications." Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 26, no. 7 (1986): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational1966.26.649.

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17

Kim, Sang Shik, Jae Chul Rhu, Yun Chul Jung, Seung Zeon Han, and Chang Joo Kim. "Aging characteristics of thermomechanically processed Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy." Scripta Materialia 40, no. 1 (December 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(98)00400-x.

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18

Wu, Qianlin, and Jianqiang Zhang. "Corrosion behavior of laser-clad Cu-9Ni-6Sn coating." Surface and Coatings Technology 349 (September 2018): 1117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.07.012.

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19

Balík, Jaroslav, Miloš Janeček, and Pavel Lukáč. "Dynamic Recovery in Cu-9Ni Alloy at Low Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 97-98 (January 1995): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.97-98.353.

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20

Fultz, B., and J. W. Morris. "The mechanical stability of precipitated austenite in 9Ni steel." Metallurgical Transactions A 16, no. 12 (December 1985): 2251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02670424.

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21

Fultz, B., J. I. Kim, Y. H. Kim, and J. W. Morris. "The chemical composition of precipitated austenite in 9Ni steel." Metallurgical Transactions A 17, no. 6 (June 1986): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02661262.

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22

Rhu, Jae Chul, Sang Shik Kim, Yun Chul Jung, Seung Zeon Han, and Chang Joo Kim. "Tensile strength of thermomechanically processed Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30, no. 10 (October 1999): 2649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0305-4.

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23

Yang, Yue-hui, Qing-wu Cai, Di Tang, and Hui-bin Wu. "Precipitation and stability of reversed austenite in 9Ni steel." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 17, no. 5 (October 2010): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-010-0361-1.

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24

Kinney, C. C., K. R. Pytlewski, A. G. Khachaturyan, and J. W. Morris. "The microstructure of lath martensite in quenched 9Ni steel." Acta Materialia 69 (May 2014): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.01.058.

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25

Avila-Salgado, Denis Ariel, Arturo Juárez-Hernández, Fermín Medina-Ortíz, María Lara Banda, and Marco Antonio Loudovic Hernández-Rodríguez. "Influence of B and Nb Additions and Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ni-Co-Cr-Si Alloy for High Pressure Die Casting Applications." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050602.

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During the high pressure die casting process (HPDC), it is necessary to develop new designs and alloys for the copper plungers. In this research, two alloys Cu-9Ni-1Co-1.6Cr-2Si-1.3Fe-0.25B wt.% (A1) and Cu-9Ni-1Co-1.6Cr-2Si-0.1Fe-0.2Nb wt.% (A2) under different heat treatments (HT) were studied. Optical microscopy technique was applied to reveal the regions of dendritic morphology, also lower Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS); and different grain orientations. The results reveal that the solidification sequence is primary Cu dendrites and secondary intermetallics; heat treatments increase the redistribution of alloying elements in the interdendritic regions. During the heat treatments, some precipitates were found in the grain boundary after aging heat treatments for both alloys, which were determined by X-ray diffraction. Hardness test HRB presented a decrease with the solution heat treatment and an increase with the aging heat treatments proposed for both alloys. Finally, the wear resistances for both alloys were compared with a commercial alloy C17530, with decreased A1 with B additions having the best result in the as-cast condition 4.07 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, while for A2 with Nb additions wear resistance increased, with the best result in the one with aging heat treatment 1.69 × 10−4 mm3/Nm while for the C17530 alloy this was 2.74 × 10−4 mm3/Nm.

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26

Ding, Li, Peihui Shen, and Liuqi Ji. "Dynamic Response and Numerical Interpretation of Three Kinds of Metals for EFP Liner under Explosive Loading." Crystals 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020154.

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In order to study the dynamic response of tungsten heavy alloy materials under explosive loading, two kinds of typical tungsten alloys for explosively formed projectile (EFP) liner and one kind of existing EFP liner were tested in a flash X-ray experiment, with copper liner as a reference. Results showed that copper liner could form a coherent EFP, while 90W–9Ni–Co and W–25Re liners fractured to different extents. The microscopic features of the three kinds of metals were examined and compared with the original liner, and the microstructure evolutions under explosive loading were analyzed with the fracture model and mechanism of the two kinds of tungsten alloys’ fracture determined. Associated with the stress and strain conditions by numerical simulation, the fracture mechanism of tungsten heavy alloys can be analyzed. The crack-tip plastic zones of 90W–9Ni–Co and W–25Re are much smaller than copper, and due to the severe stress concentration at the tip of cracks, it is easy for cracks to propagate and trigger the cleavage in tungsten alloys. The value of a crack-tip plastic zone r(θ) can be used to explain the fracture phenomenon in explosive loading, which can be an alternative guideline for the material selection criteria of the EFP liner. The research results are significant in understanding the dynamic forming, microstructure evolution, and fracture mechanism of tungsten heavy alloys.

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27

Stiller, Krystyna, Frederic Danoix, and Mats Hättestrand. "Mo precipitation in a 12Cr–9Ni–4Mo–2Cu maraging steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 250, no. 1 (July 1998): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(98)00531-0.

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28

Kuwahara, H., H. Matsuoka, I. Tamura, J. Takada, S. Kikuchi, and Y. Tomii. "Effect of plasma on nitriding of Fe-18Cr-9Ni alloy." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 3 (February 1992): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02403871.

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29

Kuwahara, H., H. Matsuoka, I. Tamura, J. Takada, S. Kikuchi, and Y. Tomii. "Effect of plasma on nitriding of Fe-18Cr-9Ni alloy." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 3 (January 1992): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00554028.

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30

Cota Araujo, Mahira A., Jean-Bernard Vogt, and Jérémie Bouquerel. "Retained austenite-aided cyclic plasticity of the quenched 9Ni steel." International Journal of Fatigue 152 (November 2021): 106445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2021.106445.

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31

Valvo, M., S. Doubaji, I. Saadoune, and K. Edström. "Pseudocapacitive charge storage properties of Na2/3Co2/3Mn2/9Ni1/9O2 in Na-ion batteries." Electrochimica Acta 276 (June 2018): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.150.

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32

Mohd Rabani, Nur Amira, and Zakiah Kamdi. "Characterisation of WC-17Co and WC-9Ni HVOF Sprayed Cermet Coatings." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.331.

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Cemented tungsten carbides have been paid much attention due its better mechanical properties with excellent combination of hardness and toughness characteristics. The hard WC particles in the coating provide hardness and wear resistance, while the ductile binder such as Co and Ni contribute to toughness and strength. WC-17wt.% Co and WC-9wt.% Ni powders have been sprayed by the HVOF method to form coatings approximately 300μm and 150μm thick onto AISI 1018 steel substrate. Both coatings have been prepared and supplied by an external vendor. The coatings were examined using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness of both coatings were also measured using Vickers micro-hardness tester. The microstructure of the coatings has been analyzed and found to consist of WC, brittle W2C phase, metallic W phase, and amorphous binder phase of Co and Ni. It is found that WC-Ni has a higher hardness value compared to WC-Co due to high porosity distribution.

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33

Kawata, H., K. Sakamoto, T. Moritani, S. Morito, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki. "Crystallography of ausformed upper bainite structure in Fe–9Ni–C alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 438-440 (November 2006): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.175.

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34

Yannan, Du, Zhu Xuchen, Zhu Weiping, Tang Xiaoying, Xue Xiaolong, and Ding Ju. "Influence of Cross-hole Defects of 9Ni Steel on Ultrasonic Testing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 310 (September 5, 2019): 042035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/310/4/042035.

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35

Fultz, B., J. I. Kim, Y. H. Kim, H. J. Kim, G. O. Fior, and J. W. Morris. "The stability of precipitated austenite and the toughness of 9Ni steel." Metallurgical Transactions A 16, no. 12 (December 1985): 2237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02670423.

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36

Rautioaho, R., P. Karjalainen, and M. Moilanen. "Stress response of Barkhausen noise and coercive force in 9Ni steel." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 68, no. 3 (September 1987): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(87)90008-4.

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37

Liao, Yuehui, Mingwang Xie, Huiming Chen, Weibin Xie, Hang Wang, and Bin Yang. "Thermodynamics and kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in Cu–9Ni–xSn alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 827 (June 2020): 154314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154314.

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38

Rautioaho, R., P. Karjalainen, and M. Moilanen. "Stress response of Barkhausen noise and coercive force in 9Ni steel." NDT & E International 24, no. 1 (February 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90771-t.

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39

Yang, Yue Hui, Xiao Juan Zhang, Shao Qiang Yuan, and Jing Li. "Effect of Quenching Microstructure on the Formation of Reversed Austenite in 9Ni Steel." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.277.

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The microstructures of 9Ni steel by quenching at different temperatures were observed, and the effect of grain size on the formation of reversed austenite was investigated by XRD, SEM and EBSD. It was found that the reversed austenite formed easily because of the refined initial microstructure which could provide more nucleation sites. More austenite phase precipitates during tempering and stabilization because the alloying atoms can segregate into austenite easily through a short-range diffusion. Austenitizing at 750°C to 850°C for 60min coiuld causes slight coarsening of microstructure and refining of martensite packets with average size of about 5μm. Obvious coarsening occurs when austenitizing temperature is over 850°C.

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Thi Chieu, Le, Sai Manh Thang, Nguyen Duong Nam, and Pham Mai Khanh. "The Effect of Deformation on Microstructure of Cu-Ni-Sn Aging Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 682 (February 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.682.113.

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This paper presents the effect of deformation on the change of microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy during heat treatment. The samples were homogenized, quenched, cold-rolled at different thickness reduction, and aged. The effects of deformation on microstructures were observed by optical microscope and SEM. The spinodal decomposition after homogenized solid solution, deformation and aging of these alloys was observed. The results have shown that during aging, from the rich-tin zones formed by spinodal decomposition, produced phase γ. The microstructure included of α +γ. The deformation accelerated the aging process and rapid increased the diameter of formed phase γ.

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Yang, Yue Hui, Jing Li, Shao Qiang Yuan, and Guo Li Liang. "Investigation on the Formation of Reversed Austenite in QT Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.219.

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Microstructures of 9Ni steel quenched at different temperatures were obtained, and a simulated tempering at different temperature was implemented with the DIL850A dilatometer, then the effect of initial microstructure before tempering on the formation of reversed austenite was studied. Results show that the formation of reversed austenite during tempering becomes easier with the decrease of quenching temperature and the increasing of tempering temperature, but the stability may deteriorates with the rapid increasing of reversed austenite in content. Overall, the amount of reversed austenite mainly depends on the tempering temperature, and its formation rate is affected by the quenching temperature because refined quenching microstructure can promote the formation of reversed austenite observably.

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Klevtsov, Gennadiy V., Ruslan Z. Valiev, Natal’ya A. Klevtsova, Maxim N. Tyurkov, Mikhail L. Linderov, Marina M. Abramova, Arseniy G. Raab, and Timur B. Minasov. "Strength and Fracture Mechanism of an Ultrafine-Grained Austenitic Steel for Medical Applications." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 7739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247739.

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In this paper, we study the corrosion-resistant austenitic steel Fe-0.02C-18Cr-8Ni for medical applications. The microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile mechanical properties, torsional strength, impact toughness, and static and cyclic crack resistance) under different types of loading of the steel are investigated. The results are compared for the two states of the steel: the initial (coarse-grained) state and the ultrafine-grained state produced by severe plastic deformation processing via equal-channel angular pressing. It is demonstrated that the ultrafine-grained steel 0.08C-18Cr-9Ni has essentially better properties and is very promising for the manufacture of medical products for various applications that experience various static and cyclic loads during operation.

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Vijayaraju, K., E. S. Dwarakadasa, and Ja'afar Hadi Abboud. "SEM studies of fractures in spinodally hardened Cu-9Ni-6Sn-X alloys." Journal of Materials Science Letters 4, no. 9 (September 1985): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00720429.

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Yannan, Du, Zhu Xuchen, Zhu Weiping, Tang Xiaoying, Xue Xiaolong, and Ding Ju. "Effect of Welding Process on Ultrasonic Testing of 9Ni Steel Weld Joint." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 310 (September 5, 2019): 042034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/310/4/042034.

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Shi, K. H., K. C. Zhou, Z. Y. Li, X. H. Liu, and X. Q. Zan. "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Thermal Behavior of WC-9Ni-xCeO2Cemented Carbides." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 30, no. 12 (November 17, 2014): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.984222.

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Tang, Delin, Xianghua Liu, Zhaofei Wang, and Fengde Wang. "Experimental study on twin-roll strip casting of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 207 (June 2017): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/207/1/012023.

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Holmquist, M., J. O. Nilsson, and A. Hultin Stigenberg. "Isothermal formation of martensite in a 12Cr-9Ni-4Mo maraging stainless steel." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 33, no. 9 (November 1995): 1367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(95)00386-a.

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OGAWA, Rikuo, Masao SHIMADA, and Takefumi HORIUCHI. "Strength and Toughness of 9Ni-Cr Steels in the Temperature Range from 77 to 4.2K." Tetsu-to-Hagane 72, no. 10 (1986): 1613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.72.10_1613.

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Donoso, E., M. J. Diáñez, and J. M. Criado. "Evaluaciones microcalorimétricas no-isotermas en aleaciones de Cu-9Ni-5,5Sn templadas y deformadas en frío." Revista de Metalurgia 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1136.

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Kang, Sun-Ho, Wenquan Lu, Kevin G. Gallagher, Sang-Ho Park, and Vilas G. Pol. "Study of Li1+x(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)1-xO2 Cathode Materials for Vehicle Battery Applications." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158, no. 8 (2011): A936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3600701.

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