Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'A-10'

Background: The survival rate of premature infants has increased in Sweden over the pastdecade. Preterm infants run the risk of developing a potentially blinding disease known asretinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A recent Swedish national study showed that the frequencyof ROP has increased over the past years and there are regional differences across the country. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of ROP in Örebro region (Örebro) and comparewith the rest of Sweden over a 10-year period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all premature infants born beforegestational week 31, screened for ROP in Örebro, from 2008 to 2017. Data such as number ofinfants, birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA) and ROP-outcome was retrieved from anational quality register; SWEDROP. Comparisons were made with national data during thesame time-period. Results:The study included 200 infants with a median GA of 28.4 weeks and BW 1144 grams.Of the screened infants 99 (49.5%) developed ROP and 20 (10%) were treated during the studyperiod. During the study period, mild ROP decreased (p=0.024), severe ROP increased(p=0.032), however there was no change in ROP-treated infants (p=0.159). The percentage ofROP-treated infants was higher in Örebro than the rest of Sweden (p=0.024). Conclusion: Our study showed that the frequency of mild ROP decreased in Örebro whilstsevere ROP increased during the 10-year period. The frequency of infants treated for ROP wassignificantly higher in Örebro compared to the rest of Sweden.

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Obesity represents a global public health problem, being a disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the disease characteristics, has been understood as a chronic disorder of inflammatory nature. Several studies of polymorphisms associated with the metabolic syndrome, has been performed in obese children and adolescents, demonstrating significant relationship with this pathology. The several inflammatory cytokines exert significant influence in the development and maintenance of obesity for her role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphism of SNP 1082G / A in the interleukin-10 gene promoter with the Children and Youth obesity in 48 cases and 45 controls, associated with the lipid profile. In this study case-control was used to ARMS-PCR methodology for allelic determination. Of obese individuals, 27 (56%) had the genotype A / G, followed by 13 (27%) with genotype A / A and 8 (17%) with genotype G / G. Of the analyzed controls, 28 (62%) had Genotype A / G, followed by 9 (20%) with genotype A / A and 8 (18%) with genotype G / G. In the analysis it was found that the presence of the SNP-1082G / A polymorphism was similar in both groups, no representing risk factor to obesity. Also there was a significant difference in HDL cholesterol levels in both groups, linking obesity to low levels of HDL in adolescents and reforcing the relevance of this parameter.
A obesidade corresponde a um problema mundial de saúde pública, sendo uma desordem influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais. Consiste em uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo todo e, pelas características da doença, tem sido entendida como uma desordem crônica de natureza inflamatória. Diversos estudos de polimorfismos associados com a síndrome metabólica, tem sido realizados em crianças e adolescentes obesos, demonstrando significativa relação com essa doença. As diversas citocinas inflamatórias exercem influência significativa no desenvolvimento e na manutenção da obesidade por seu papel na regulação da homeostase energética e no metabolismo. O presente estudo teve como finalidade associar o polimorfismo da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 e a possível relação desta com a obesidade. Foi avaliado a associação do polimorfismo do SNP 1082G/A no promotor do gene da interleucina-10 com a obesidade infanto juvenil em 48 casos e 45 controles, associando com o perfil lipídico. Nesse estudo tipo caso-controle foi utilizada a metodologia de ARMS-PCR para a determinação alélica. Dos indivíduos com obesidade, 27 (56%) apresentaram o genótipo A/G, seguidos de 13 (27%) com o genótipo A/A e 8 (17%) com o genótipo G/G. Dos controles analisados, 28 (62%) apresentaram genótipo A/G, seguidos de 9 (20%) com genótipo A/A e 8 (18%) com o genótipo G/G. Nas análises foi verificado que a presença do polimorfismo SNP- 1082G/A foi semelhante nos dois grupos, apresentando maior prevalência de heterozigotos para o loco da IL-10. Conclui-se com o presente estudo que as frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos analisados não sendo possível sugerir tal alteração como fator de risco para obesidade. Foi evidenciada uma significativa diferença dos níveis séricos de colesterol HDL, reforçando-se a importância da avaliação desse parâmetro que se mostrou em níveis inferiores nos indivíduos obesos.

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Periodontitis is considered an inflammatory disorder of bacterial etiology that results in damage to the periodontal tissue, due to complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and host defense system. Genetic mechanisms may modulate the response of an individual because they can interfere with gene expression of important mediators of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphism of SNP-1082G / A gene promoter in interleukin-10 with periodontal disease in 36 cases and 30 controls. Strategy was used ARMS-PCR for allelic discrimination. Of individuals with periodontal disease, 16 (44%) had genotype AG, followed by 13 (36%) with genotype GG and 7 (20%) with genotype AA, highlighting a greater prevalence of heterozygotes for locus of IL-10, especially in individuals aged from 30 to 35 years in the control group, 13 (43%) of subjects had the genotype AG, 12 (40%) had GG and only 5 (17%) were classified as AA, highlighting a higher prevalence of heterozygotes for locus of IL-10, especially in individuals aged from 40 to 45 years. The data indicated that the study populations were in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg Theorem. The analysis of the frequency of genotypes and allele frequencies concluded that no causal relationship found between the presence of genotype G or A and the development of periodontal disease in adults. The SNP-1082G / A IL-10 gene showed no predictive value for periodontal disease and therefore can not use it with prognostic value.
A periodontite é considerada uma desordem inflamatória de etiologia bacteriana que resulta em danos ao tecido periodontal, devido à complexa interação entre os periodontopatógenos e o sistema de defesa do hospedeiro. Mecanismos genéticos podem modular a resposta de um indivíduo uma vez que podem interferir na expressão gênica de importantes mediadores da inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do polimorfismo do SNP - 1082G/A no promotor do gene da interleucina-10 com a doença periodontal em 36 casos e 30 controles. Foi utilizada a estratégia de ARMS-PCR para a discriminação alélica. Dos indivíduos com doença periodontal, 16 (44%) apresentaram o genótipo AG, seguidos de 13 (36%) com o genótipo GG e 7 (20%) com o genótipo AA, destacando uma maior prevalência de heterozigotos para o loco da IL-10, principalmente nos indivíduos da faixa etária de 30 a 35 anos , no grupo controle, 13 (43%) dos indivíduos apresentaram o genótipo AG, 12 (40%) apresentaram GG e apenas 5 (17%) foram classificados como AA, destacando uma maior prevalência de heterozigotos para o loco da IL-10, principalmente nos indivíduos da faixa etária de 40 a 45 anos . Os dados indicaram que as populações estudadas encontravam-se em equilíbrio, segundo o Teorema de Hardy-Weinberg. A análise das frequência dos genótipos e das frequências alélicas permitiram concluir que não encontramos relação causal entre a presença do genótipo G ou A e o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal em adultos. O SNP -1082G/A do gene da IL-10 não mostrou valor preditivo para a doença periodontal e, portanto, não podemos usa-lo com valor prognóstico.

Orientador: José Buratini Junior
Banca: José Antonio Visitin
Banca: Guilherme de Paula Nogueira
Banca: Fernanda da Cruz Landim e Alvarenga
Banca: Sony Dimas Bicudo
Resumo: Durante o desenvolvimento ovariano fetal, a formação folicular inicial é decisiva para a fertilidade da fêmea, pois define sua reserva gametogênica. Tem sido proposto que a progesterona e o estradiol desempenham papel regulatório na foliculogênese pré-antral, de forma que sua produção reduzida em ovários fetais bovinos antecede o surgimento de folículos primordiais e primários. Recentemente, os FGFs 10 e 18 foram reportados em folículos ovarianos bovinos como redutores dos níveis de esteróides, o que parece envolver a inibição da expressão de enzimas necessárias à esteroidogênese. Em adição, a expressão do FGF10 foi observada durante o desenvolvimento ovariano fetal bovino, e esteve positivamente associada ao aumento no número de folículos primários. O presente estudo investigou primeiramente o padrão de expressão do RNAm das enzimas esteroidogênicas (StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 e 17β-HSD) em ovários de fetos bovinos em idades gestacionais específicas (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 dias). Todos os genes investigados se mostraram expressos e regulados ao longo da gestação. Os níveis de RNAm da CYP19A1 diminuíram dos 60 para os 90 dias, sugerindo envolvimento desta enzima com a produção decrescente de estradiol observada previamente durante este período gestacional. A expressão das demais enzimas foi elevada ao longo da gestação, coincidente com o aumento da competência esteroidogênica descrito preliminarmente durante o desenvolvimento folicular inicial. Em adição, foi investigada a participação dos FGFs 10 e 18 na esteroidogênese ovariana fetal bovina. A expressão do FGF18 e de seus receptores (FGFR2C, FGFR3C e FGFR4) foi detectada em ovários fetais bovinos ao longo da gestação (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 dias). A abundância de RNAm do FGF18 aumentou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: During fetal ovarian development, early follicular formation is essential to female fertility, when the gametogenic reserve is defined. It has been proposed that progesterone and estradiol play regulatory role on preantral folliculogenesis, once its reduced production in bovine fetal ovaries precedes primordial and primary follicle assembly. Recentlly, FGFs 10 and 18 were reported in bovine ovarian follicles as reducers of steroids levels, and this seems to involve the inhibition of enzymes necessary to steroidogenesis. In addition, FGF10 expression was observed during bovine fetal ovary development, and it was positively associated with the elevation on primary follicles number. The present study first investigated the mRNA expression patterns for steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) in bovine fetal ovaries at specific gestational ages (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 days). Expression of all investigated genes was detected and regulated through gestation. Messenger RNA levels of CYP19A1 decreased from days 60 to 90 of gestation, suggesting involvement of this enzyme on decrescent estradiol production previously observed during this gestational period. The expression of other enzymes was elevated during gestational period, which was coincident with the enhance of steroidogenic competence previously described during early follicular development. In addition, the participation of FGFs 10 and 18 on steroidogenesis in bovine fetal ovaries was investigated. The expression of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR2C, FGFR3C and FGFR4) was detected in bovine fetal ovaries through gestation (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 days). The mRNA abundance of FGF18 enhanced between 90 and 120 days and decreased at 210 days. The expression of FGFR2C and FGFR4 did not vary during... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Durante o desenvolvimento ovariano fetal, a formação folicular inicial é decisiva para a fertilidade da fêmea, pois define sua reserva gametogênica. Tem sido proposto que a progesterona e o estradiol desempenham papel regulatório na foliculogênese pré-antral, de forma que sua produção reduzida em ovários fetais bovinos antecede o surgimento de folículos primordiais e primários. Recentemente, os FGFs 10 e 18 foram reportados em folículos ovarianos bovinos como redutores dos níveis de esteróides, o que parece envolver a inibição da expressão de enzimas necessárias à esteroidogênese. Em adição, a expressão do FGF10 foi observada durante o desenvolvimento ovariano fetal bovino, e esteve positivamente associada ao aumento no número de folículos primários. O presente estudo investigou primeiramente o padrão de expressão do RNAm das enzimas esteroidogênicas (StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 e 17β-HSD) em ovários de fetos bovinos em idades gestacionais específicas (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 dias). Todos os genes investigados se mostraram expressos e regulados ao longo da gestação. Os níveis de RNAm da CYP19A1 diminuíram dos 60 para os 90 dias, sugerindo envolvimento desta enzima com a produção decrescente de estradiol observada previamente durante este período gestacional. A expressão das demais enzimas foi elevada ao longo da gestação, coincidente com o aumento da competência esteroidogênica descrito preliminarmente durante o desenvolvimento folicular inicial. Em adição, foi investigada a participação dos FGFs 10 e 18 na esteroidogênese ovariana fetal bovina. A expressão do FGF18 e de seus receptores (FGFR2C, FGFR3C e FGFR4) foi detectada em ovários fetais bovinos ao longo da gestação (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 dias). A abundância de RNAm do FGF18 aumentou...
During fetal ovarian development, early follicular formation is essential to female fertility, when the gametogenic reserve is defined. It has been proposed that progesterone and estradiol play regulatory role on preantral folliculogenesis, once its reduced production in bovine fetal ovaries precedes primordial and primary follicle assembly. Recentlly, FGFs 10 and 18 were reported in bovine ovarian follicles as reducers of steroids levels, and this seems to involve the inhibition of enzymes necessary to steroidogenesis. In addition, FGF10 expression was observed during bovine fetal ovary development, and it was positively associated with the elevation on primary follicles number. The present study first investigated the mRNA expression patterns for steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) in bovine fetal ovaries at specific gestational ages (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 days). Expression of all investigated genes was detected and regulated through gestation. Messenger RNA levels of CYP19A1 decreased from days 60 to 90 of gestation, suggesting involvement of this enzyme on decrescent estradiol production previously observed during this gestational period. The expression of other enzymes was elevated during gestational period, which was coincident with the enhance of steroidogenic competence previously described during early follicular development. In addition, the participation of FGFs 10 and 18 on steroidogenesis in bovine fetal ovaries was investigated. The expression of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR2C, FGFR3C and FGFR4) was detected in bovine fetal ovaries through gestation (60, 75, 90, 120, 150 e 210 days). The mRNA abundance of FGF18 enhanced between 90 and 120 days and decreased at 210 days. The expression of FGFR2C and FGFR4 did not vary during... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81).
A single stage of a 3-stage Collins-type cryocooler designed to provide I W of cooling at 10 K was constructed and tested. A single stage of the cryocooler consists of a compressor, a counter-flow heat exchanger, and an expander to expand the working fluid. The work of the expanding cold gas is transmitted up a floating piston and is dissipated by gas flows in and out of a warm volume. Flow through the cold volume is controlled by smart electromagnetic valves. Models were developed to describe the thermodynamic processes that make up the expander cycle. In the first iteration, models were developed to determine the equilibrium states at various points in the cycle by assuming the thermodynamic processes that made up the expander cycle to be quasi-static. These models were used to determine appropriate values of parameters such as the cut-off volume, the recompression volume, and warm end reservoir pressures for expander operation. Experiments were done to determine the efficiency of the floating-piston expander. Tests were also done to determine the characteristics of the heat exchanger and compare them with the design characteristics. Finally, the stage was run as a refrigerator with zero heat-load. It was observed that the quasi-static models did not adequately describe the performance of the expander as most of the processes did not go to equilibrium.
(cont.) Therefore, these models were improved by incorporating the dynamics of the piston motion, the fluid flow through the warm and cold volumes, and the fluid flow through the high-pressure passages of the heat exchanger.
by Gunaranjan Chaudhry.
S.M.

Obesity is a serious health problem that leads to several chronic diseases and premature deaths. TheIn this project,was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the the Weigh Forward (WF) program, a 10-week weight-loss program administered in retail clinics, was evaluated, and it is provided in retails stores. The project analysis was completed on a limited data set on The population consisted of 15 obese participantsmembers of the program, 18 years and above, at 13 dispersed clinics in Maryland and Virginia.in the WF program from 13 dispersed clinics in Maryland and VirgiObesity is a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Participants were 18 years and above The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used as the framework from which to view the project. The project was usedpurpose was to determine the efficacy of the WF program for weight reduction by comparing the baseline body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC) to the BMI and WC at the end of the program. Descriptive The aanalysis was done using correlation coefficient on the 15 participants,, who completed the 10-week WF program. The result, showed the mean and mode for BMI reduction to be 2 kg/m2, and the mean and mode for the WC reduction was 3 inches. The percentage weight loss varied from 3-11%, with the completion rate for the enrolled participants at 29%. Thise study has implications for the social change because the findings support intensive behavioral modification as an effective approach to weight loss. The study can help healthcare providers appreciate the is the need to complete preventive care assessment on patients, identify patients with obesity, and provide these patients with the requisite information on the need to lose weight. Also, the clinicians provide the patients with information and available resources to enable help them lose weight. The mean and mode of 2 kg/m2 for BMI reduction, and 3 inches for the reduction in WC at the end of 10 weeks, showed that the WF program was effective for weight loss because the participants lost significant amount of weight. The findings from the project can guide the development of practice guidelines for administering the WF program in the retail clinic.

This study in an extension of a Master's study, entitled Realistic Mathematics Education and the strategies grade 8 learners develop for the solution of two simultaneous linear equations. the current study investigates how new content could be introduced into a school mathematical curriculum. The new topic under discussion for this study is the topis of Cryptology. Two research cycles were carried out. For the first design research cycle there were three teaching experiments with teachers, grade 10 learners and students as participants. Seven activities weere developed from the second design research cycle which was worked through with gade 10 learners. All sessions for the second design research cycle were video taped. Important to the development of instrutional materials was the development of a hypothetical learning trajetory about the learning and teaching of each activity. the results of the study indicated that the way learners understood the content and the different ways in which they presented solutions augers well for the introduction of a specific new content strand, cryptology, into a new school mathematical curriculum. It is also important for developers of instructional material to have a strong mathematical content knowledge for the design of instructional materials

The goal of this thesis is to evaluate if flutter is a challenge to a 10 MW wind turbine. Flutter is an aeroelastic instability which occurs due to the interaction between the aerodynamic forces and the elasticity of the blade. Torsional motions of the blade lead to variations in the aerodynamic forces due to changes in the angle of attack of the airfoil. The variation in aerodynamic forces creates flapwise vibration of the blade. When the vibrations of the blades are in an unfavourable phase with the aerodynamic forces, flutter occurs. Flutter may lead to rapidly increasing vibrations of the blade and failure of the blade. The 10 MW reference turbine from NOWITECH, Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology, was studied. An aeroelastic stability analysis was performed using the aeroelastic stability tool HAWCStab2. It was found that this wind turbine becomes unstable at approximately twice the operational speed of the turbine. The turbine does not experience flutter in normal power producing operation. A simulation in the time domain was also performed, using the aeroelastic tool HAWC2. In a run-away situation, the turbine was found to become unstable with flutter before it reached the run-away speed. The turbine was then analysed with other blades. A softer blade and a stiffer blade were studied. The soft blade was found to become unstable at 1.8 times the operational speed of the turbine. The stiff blade was found to become unstable at around 2.5 times the operational speed. The stiff blade was the only blade where the turbine was able to reach the run-away speed without experiencing instabilities.

El objetivo general que nos planteamos en esta tesis: Análisis de los valores de los niños de 8 a 10 años, nos llevó a un estudio de los documentos existentes sobre el tema desde:

- La vertiente del valor en las diversas disciplinas. Cómo desde diversos autores y escuelas se estaba entendiendo el valor. Esto nos llevó a una aproximación personal al concepto del valor y a delimitar nuestro interés por un amplio abanico de valores. También nos apuntó elementos claves dentro del mundo valorativo que debíamos recoger para comparar con nuestra investigación. Otro elemento que entresacamos de este estudio fue una metodología para el trabajo con valores que permitía realizar una diagnóstico de valores en cualquier edad, la metodología de clarificación de valores, en sus primeras partes del proceso, podía utilizarse para diagnosticar los valores en niños pequeños.

- Una vez habíamos delimitado nuestro concepto personal y la opción de un estudio amplio de toda clase de valores pasamos a estudiar el proceso de valoración según autores. Observamos que el proceso de valoración tal como había sido trabajado podíamos dividirlo en un estudio sincrónico o diacrónico.

- El momento evolutivo que vivía el niño de ciclo medio y los estudios que existían sobre los valores más relevantes en estas edades nos permitió contar con resultados sobre cómo se enfrentaban a los valores los niños de esta edad y aquellos valores que en principio se suponía íbamos a encontrar como más significativos.

- Por último se imponía un contacto con las investigaciones. Este análisis de las investigaciones sobre valores en sentido amplio lo realizamos primero con estudios sobre cualquier clase de valores y luego especificamos de una manera muy concreta y en un capítulo aparte sobre las realizadas dentro de la metodología de clarificación de valores, nos interesaba tener una visión exhaustiva sobre esta metodología en sus puntos fuertes y débiles.

El apartado teórico de la presente investigación acababa aquí, habiéndonos permitido recoger una serie de variables que se observaban frecuentemente relacionadas con el mundo de los valores; estas variables las incorporamos a nuestra investigación como variables investigadoras edad, sexo, clase social, tipología del colegio, número de hermanos, horas de TV que ve el niño e inicio de escolaridad en el centro.

El estudio teórico en general nos llevó a dividir el valor en dos tipos, creencias, la parte cognitiva del valor, y vivencias, guías de acción más inconscientes, y sus relaciones en estas edades.

La segunda parte de este trabajo dedicado a la investigación se abre con un capítulo donde se describen todos los aspectos metodológicos de la investigación: objetivos, definición de variables, fases de la investigación y las técnicas de análisis de datos utilizadas.
Los capítulos posteriores intentan dar respuesta a los objetivos específicos del estudio que llevarán a la consecución del objetivo general.

a) Seleccionar, después de una revisión bibliográfica en torno al tema, los instrumentos adecuados de recogida de valores en esta edad.

b) Construir un instrumento de medida que permita recoger las creencias de valor de padres y profesores.

c) Establecer una categorización de valores validada empíricamente en la edad elegida.

d) Descripción de los valores de los niños de ciclo medio:
d1) Descripción general del grupo de edad.
d2) Descripción específica a partir de las variables investigadoras

e) Establecer las relaciones entre las creencias de valor de padres e hijos y de profesores y alumnos.

A continuación vamos a detallar cuál ha sido el proceso metodológico seguido explicando cómo se ha llevado a cabo la consecución de cada uno de los objetivos.

La revisión bibliográfica nos llevó a hacer una selección de las dinámicas de educación en valores adecuadas a esta edad, tuvimos que elegir unos criterios para analizarlas y quedarnos con aquellas que consideramos más apropiadas, después de esta valoración, para aplicar en un estudio piloto. Después de la aplicación de las dinámicas a una muestra piloto y de un nuevo análisis de cada una de las dinámicas pasadas teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de la investigación, elegimos cuatro de entre todas ellas que vimos podían medir las dos tipologías de valores especificadas.

Elegimos dos dinámicas para cada tipo de valores porque queremos comprobar si hay relación entre estas dos dinámicas aunque cambie el estímulo que se le presenta para que exprese cada tipo de valor.

La muestra definitiva fue elegida en función de las variables investigadoras que ya se han especificado previamente.

La validación empírica del sistema de categorías elegido a priori, otro objetivo de nuestra investigación, fue realizado mediante el proceso de análisis de contenido, una vez todas las unidades de registro fueron incluidas en agrupaciones elaboradas de acuerdo al sentido que tenían estas unidades de registro se subsumieron las agrupaciones dentro de las categorías.

A partir de estas categorías se trataron los datos para los análisis posteriores. El análisis de cluster no jerárquico de individuos permitió formar grupos en función de las categorías de valor. A partir de los perfiles obtenidos con estos grupos pudimos analizar las diferencias observadas en las cuatro dinámicas y relacionar cada uno de los grupos con las variables investigadoras. Los perfiles de los grupos también permitirán comparar entre sí las dos dinámicas que medían valores vivenciales y las dos dinámicas que median creencias de valor. Para acabar de realizar las comprobaciones de las relaciones entre cada par de dinámica se realizó también una matriz de correlaciones entre todas las variables y todas las dinámicas

Los objetivos de análisis de las creencias de valor de los padres y las creencias de valor de los profesores se llevaron a cabo mediante la elaboración de una escala construida de acuerdo a las categorías de valor Una aplicación piloto nos identificó la manera más adecuada de puntuación de la escala.

Mediante un análisis de cluster del mismo tipo que el realizado con los niños se formaron otros tantos grupos de sujetos en función de las categorías de valor.

Un análisis estadístico con tablas de contingencia permitió cubrir los objetivos restantes: analizar las relaciones entre las creencias de valor de padres e hijos y analizar las relaciones entre las creencias de valor de profesores y alumnos.

Pasamos a comentar las conclusiones generales extraídas de la investigación.

Una conclusión a la que llegamos es que las cuatro dinámicas hacen surgir respuestas distintas o un abanico diferentes de valores. Esto nos llevaría a plantear que el estímulo que se le ofrece al niño afecta a la expresión de valores que hagan; y aunque las dinámicas son similares en la medición que hacen (creencias y vivencias) la pequeña variación que hay entre cada par hace que el niño exprese valores distintos.

A pesar de todas las variaciones que hemos encontrado dentro de los perfiles de los grupos que se nos han formado se observan elementos comunes o categorías de valor que sobresalen en todas las dinámicas, esto nos indicaría que existen unos valores asociados a esta edad independientemente de la dinámica u otras variables que se incluyan.

Estos valores son los vitales y los afectivos. Valorados como importantes tanto en las creencias de valor como en las vivencias.

A nivel de correlación entre cada par de dinámicas que medían en un principio lo mismo (creencias y vivencias) hemos observado la poca correlación que existe tanto observando lo perfiles como con una matriz de correlaciones. Una de las conclusiones a la que hemos llegado es que existe mayor correlación entre creencias que entre vivencias, debe ser porque las creencias están más organizadas a nivel social e incluso podría ser por encima de subgrupos sociales, mientras que las vivencias son más reducidas a núcleos, estilos de vida, etc.

Las creencias, y en concordancia con los estudios que vimos sobre los aspectos sociológicos del valor, vienen impuestas por la sociedad. Incluso al no haber encontrado en nuestra investigación una correspondencia estrecha entre valores éticos y sociales, lo que cabría esperar, podríamos decir que los valores éticos son imperativos sociales o están muy mediatizados por la sociedad.

Las grandes diferencias entre creencias y vivencias en relación al sujeto las observamos en unos valores sobresalientes en las creencias como son los éticos, afectivos y trascendentes, mientras que en las vivencias sobresalen los vitales, productivos y noéticos.

Por el contrario entre creencias y vivencias en relación a otros o al grupo tenemos que las diferencias se enmarcan en los mismos valores que suben o bajan dentro de los perfiles. Los valores vitales bajan en las creencias y suben en las vivencias; los valores éticos suben en las creencias y bajan en las vivencias; y los valores afectivos bajan en las creencias y suben en las vivencias.

En general, tanto para vivencias como para creencias los valores menos expresados son los del ser, tal como se previó, y los estéticos. Hay que mencionar la ausencia de relación entre valores de padres e hijos, por lo que las interpretaciones que damos son siempre en cuanto a observaciones que hemos ido extrayendo de los perfiles.

En los padres aparecen los valores noéticos como muy importantes, esta importancia no se comprueba ni en los niños ni asombrosamente en los profesores.

Existe una coincidencia en cuanto a valores éticos, pues los niños valoran esta categoría en las creencias en relación al grupo.

Los padres valoran más los trascendentes, éticos y sociales.

Pasamos a comentar los resultados para los profesores.

No se ha encontrado relación entre creencias de valor del profesor y creencias de valor de los alumnos en relación a sí mismo. Por el contrario sí se ha encontrado relación entre creencias de valor del profesor y creencias de los alumnos en relación al grupo.

En cuanto al cruce con las variables investigadoras y los perfiles de los clusters hemos encontrado que muchas de nuestras variables propuestas no surgen nunca significativas, estas variables son: Número de Hermanos, Horas que ve la TV, Inicio de Escolaridad.

Las variables que parecen ser básicas en relación a los valores en esta edad son: El centro, La tipología de la escuela, Ideología de la escuela, y clase social en algunos casos.
Our research focuses on the context of the description of children's values in the middle stage of the Primary General Education, corresponding to children from 8 to 10 years.

Our concept of value has been defined as "any criterion that guides the action and directs it as a mayor priority for the life of a subject".

Measuring has been established for two types of values: experience values, those carried out in a daily manner; and belief values, conditioned by social group and idealized by the subject.

As a descriptive research we pursue to achieve the following objectives: a) the selection of the appropriate instruments for the gathering of values; b) the construction of an instrument that enables the gathering of value believes from parents and teachers; c) to establish a value categorization empirically validated at this age; d) a general description of values at this age connected with research variables and e) to establish the relationships between the value believes of parents and children, and those of teachers and students.

The instruments used for the diagnosis of the values were the dynamics of value clarification.

The methodologies for the data analysis were the content analysis and the cluster analysis.

The content analysis allowed us to extract the basic values of reference for experience and believes and to establish a value categorization.

The cluster analysis allowed us to treat the values as whole observing the profiles found in the subjects depending on the school premises, the typology of the school, the dominant ideology of the school and the social class.

Modern sedentary lifestyles, an increase in the consumption of nutrient dense foods and declining levels of participation in physical activity progressing from childhood to adulthood have been implicated in the occurrence of many hypokinetic diseases including obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite this quality health and physical education (PE) programmes are not employed as a proactive preventative measure to address this issue. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate, using qualitative methods, the perceptions of grade 10 learners with regard to PE at schools and make recommendations thereon. Informal focus group interviews were conducted with 68 Grade 10 learners (n = 39 males and 29 females) from different high schools in Gauteng, South Africa. The interviews were conducted outside the formal classroom situation and PE lesson to access information regarding the perceptions of learners with regard to physical education (PE). Several underlying themes which included value, enjoyment, support, preferred PE activities and obstacles to involvement in physical activity emerged from the study. The descriptive information demonstrated that future physical education educators should be adequately prepared to guide their learners in the process of becoming physically active and healthy for a lifetime by focusing on lifetime activities and health-enhancing behaviors linked to health concepts and skills such as healthy eating, safety and stress management with less emphasis on athletic skills.

The aim of this work is to introduce to the professional public the last, 10th symphonies ( except the third and fourth), was still not published yet. It is also partly concerned with Podešva´s theoretical work with closer focus on the composer´s conception of the symphonic parallel and his composing method of tonal dodecaphony. The work also aims to give a comprehensive overview of the availability of other symphonic scores and recordings, and finally introduces Jaromír Podešva as an personality that deserves respct and attention experts.

BACKGROUND: The understanding of facial anatomy and its changes through aging has led to the development of several different facelift techniques that focus on being less invasive and traumatic and, at the same time, providing natural long-lasting results. In this article we describe step by step our facelift technique as it has been done over the past 10 years by the senior author. METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study in which all patients who underwent a rhytidectomy using our technique from January 2002 to September 2012 were included. All patients were operated on under local anesthesia and superficial conscious sedation. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. A complete step-by-step description of the surgical technique can be found in the main article. RESULTS: Between January 2002 and September 2012, a total of 113 patients underwent facelift surgery. Of these, 88.9 % were women and 11.1 % were men. The mean age was 55.3 (± 8.66) years. Primary surgeries represented 80.3 % (n = 94), secondary 18.8 % (n = 22), and tertiary 0.85 % (n = 1). Only one major complication, representing 0.8 %, consisting of a right-sided temporal paresis with 2 months complete recovery was seen. The minor complications rate was 23.1 %. The most common minor complication was hypertrophic/keloid scars which made up 77.8 % of all minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: The technique described provides good and long-lasting aesthetic results with shorter scars, smaller areas of dissection (without temporal and postauricular flaps), and a shorter recovery period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .

This thesis is focused on charting of marketing activities and strategy of non-profit making organization. The main objective is to analyze the current marketing strategy for House for Children and Adolescence Prague 10 and identification of a draft recommendation. The theoretical part explains main terms such as marketing and its history, non-profit making organization, service adn marketing of services. Addresses in detail the thesis solves planning process and typology of basic marketing strategies and specific strategies for nonprofit sector. In the practical part there is introduce the House for Children and Adolescence Prague 10 and it's activities. With the help of theoretical knowledge is made situation analysis and suggest improvements of current marketing strategy.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
電機工程學系
98
Propose a fully differentially successive approximation ADC with a binary-weighted capacitor array networks. Add bootstrapped switches to accelerate charging to the capacitor networks in front of this architecture, and decrease the settling time of capacitor array. Also keep circuit operate correctly under low supply voltage driving switches. Use asynchronous control logic to generate the necessary clock signals internally, rather then provide clocks by external clock generator. Unit capacitors of the capacitor array are laid out in a common-centroid scheme to reduce the undercutting effect, for achieving the correct ratio of capacitor array. According to the result of simulation , the proposed ADC is designed to operate at 5Ms/s.Signal-to-noise and distortion ratio is 58.696dB, under the frequency of input signal is 2.5Mhz, the effective number of bit is 9.458 bit. The integral nonlinearity (INL) is 1.9 LSB. The differential nonlinearity (DNL) is 1.85 LSB. The power consumption is 5.3mW. Layout area of this architecture is 1080um * 880um.

Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia ,apresentada ao Departamento Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
Several cytokines, such as IL-3, IL-6 and IL-12, involved in inflammatory immune responses, have been described as relevant on the modulation of hematopoiesis. However, the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-10, has not yet been addressed. We used genetically modified mice that over-express IL-10 under the control of a zinc inducible promoter, PMT-10 mice, to address this question. We show that over-expression of IL-10 led to a splenomegaly, with increase of total number of cell numbers and the appearance of megakarycocytes. Interestingly, we observed a substantial increase in myeloid cells and a decrease in B-lineage cells both in the spleen and the bone marrow (BM) upon IL-10 over-expression. Furthermore 30 days after induction of IL-10 expression, a severe reduction in lymphoid precursors and an expansion of myeloid precursors was observed in the BM. Collectively, our data suggest that IL-10 over-expression impacts hematopoiesis, inhibiting the differentiation of B cells and stimulating the differentiation of the myeloid lineage. Moreover, the phenotype observed after IL-10 over-expression is similar to that seen in human patients and in mouse models of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), namely polycythemia vera (PV), thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). MPD are frequently caused by mutations on the JAK2 gene, which are present in 90% of patients with PV and 50% of the patients suffering from ET or PMF (11). Based on the epidemiology of MPD and on the phenotype observed for IL-10 over-expressing mice, we hypothesize that increased IL-10 may associate with susceptibility to MPD, explaining the 10 - 50% of cases unrelated to the JAK2V617F mutation. Therefore, PMT-10 mice are of potential interest as a novel model to study the molecular mechanisms leading to MPD, in the context of non-mutated JAK2. In future we will explore these possibilities, as well as the mechanism by which IL-10 interferes with hematopoiesis.
As citoquinas envolvidas na resposta imune inflamatória, tal como a Interleucina (IL)-3, IL-6 e IL-12, possuem um papel de grande relevância na modulação da hematopoiese. Contudo o papel de citoquinas anti-inflamatórias, como a IL-10, não foi ainda esclarecido. Usando ratinhos geneticamente modificados que sobre expressam a IL-10 sob o controlo de um promotor activado por zinco – murganhos PMT10 – obtivemos evidências que sugerem que essa sobre expressão de IL-10 tem um impacto a nível da hematopoiese, inibindo a diferenciação das células B e estimulando a diferenciação da linhagem mielóide. Os nossos dados preliminares indicam que os ratinhos PMT10 sujeitos ao tratamento de zinco apresentam uma esplenomegalia quando comparados com os grupos controlo, sendo esse aumento acompanhado de uma desorganização estrutural do baço. Conjuntamente, o número total de células no baço aumenta, alterando a proporção normal das diferentes populações celulares aí residentes. Apesar de o número total de células na medula permanecer inalterado, tanto a percentagem como o número de células das diferentes populações é alterado. Este perfil é semelhante ao perfil observado nas Doenças Mieloproliferativas, nomeadamente, policitemia vera (PV), trombocitemia (ET) e mielofibrose primária (PMF). Uma mutação adquirida no gene JAK2 – JAK2V617F – é encontrada em 90% dos casos de PV, e em 50% dos pacientes que sofrem de ET ou PMF. Está descrito na literatura que a IL-10 sinaliza via JAK/STAT. Com base nisso, propomos a IL-10 como um bom candidato para explicar os outro 10-50% de casos não relacionados com a mutação JAK2V617F e, os ratinhos PMT10 como um potencial novo modelo de estudo de doenças mieloproliferativas.