Academic literature on the topic 'A cement binder'
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Journal articles on the topic "A cement binder"
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Lam, Nguyen Ngoc. "Some microstructure properties at early age of ettringite binder based on rich C12A7 calcium aluminate cement." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-05.
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The mineral composition of calcium aluminate cements is traditionally based on CA (monocalcium aluminate-CaO·Al2O3). Recently, a new cement with the main compound of C12A7 (Mayenite) has been developed for rapid hardening binder. This cement is used in conjunction with a sulfate binder to form a new type binder called ettringite binder due to the high quantity of ettringite in the hydration product, opened new possibilities for mortar and concrete formulations. This paper focuses on some microstructure characteristics of the ettringite binder based on a C12A7 rich cement and a hemihydrate at early age. Some important characteristics of this binder were found, such as: short setting time (about 40–50 minutes), rapid expansion just after initial setting time, rapid evolution of porosity and bound water during the first 5 hours of hydration. The correlation between bound water and porosity of hardened binders was also found in this paper.
Article history: Received 24 January 2018, Revised 04 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018
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Chakrabarti, Srijib, and Jayantha Kodikara. "Basaltic Crushed Rock Stabilized with Cementitious Additives: Compressive Strength and Stiffness, Drying Shrinkage, and Capillary Flow Characteristics." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-03.
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Research was undertaken to increase knowledge of the properties of local stabilized pavement materials to facilitate their wider use in road construction and rehabilitation. Laboratory tests involved testing for the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, and capillary behavior of crushed basaltic rocks stabilized with two conventional cementitious binders—general purpose cement and lime—and two cementitious binders comprising industrial waste products—blended cement and alkali-activated slag. The alkali-activated slag and blended cement significantly increased UCS of untreated material and performed as well as or better than such traditional binders as general purpose cement. Overall, lime performed poorly as a stabilizer of crushed basaltic rocks, primarily because the fine content containing clay minerals was not significant in the crushed basaltic rock composition. UCS of stabilized materials increased significantly as binder content increased; UCS could be described as a function of binder quantity. Ultimate shrinkage increased with binder content for general purpose cement and alkali-activated slag, but for blended cement, behavior was different. The rate of drying shrinkage was relatively high at the early stage of shrinkage. Generally, alkali-activated slag produced less shrinkage compared with general purpose and blended cements. Capillary rise and water absorption were also measured. Test results indicated that the rate of capillary rise and amount of water absorbed by the material matrix decreased with the increase of binder content. The research indicated that the use of binders with industrial by-products could be a viable option in stabilization of crushed basaltic rock materials.
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Kaddo, Maria. "Possibilities of using aluminate cements in high-rise construction." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302056.
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The article describes preferable ways of usage of alternative binders for high-rise construction based on aluminate cements. Possible areas of rational use of aluminate cements with the purpose of increasing the service life of materials and the adequacy of the durability of materials with the required durability of the building are analyzed. The results of the structure, shrinkage and physical and mechanical properties of concrete obtained from dry mixes on the base of aluminate cements for self-leveling floors are presented. To study the shrinkage mechanism of curing binders and to evaluate the role of evaporation of water in the development of shrinkage was undertaken experiment with simple unfilled systems: gypsum binder, portland cement and «corrosion resistant high alumina cement + gypsum». Principle possibility of binder with compensated shrinkage based on aluminate cement, gypsum and modern superplasticizers was defined, as well as cracking resistance and corrosion resistance provide durability of the composition.
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Kharchenko, Alexey I., Vyacheslav A. Alekseev, Igor Ya Kharchenko, and Andrey A. Alekseev. "Application of slag-alkali binders in jet cement grouting for soil consolidation." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2019): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.6.680-689.
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Introduction. The study proves actuality of the problem connected with obtaining efficient slag-alkali binders for usage in soil jet cement grouting. Replacement of usual portland cement for a slag-alkali binder in geotechnical underground construction activities allows solving a problem of waste (slag) utilization and increase economic efficiency of the soil jet cement grouting. In view of cement grouting technology features and possibility of usage cementation mixtures with various engineering characteristics for different soil types, a broad nomenclature of slag-alkali compositions can be used for obtaining soil-concrete structures. Materials and methods. Different types of slag were studied as constituents of composite binders. The PTs 500 D0 cement was taken as the basic portland cement. Standard requirements for cementation mixtures of mixing and pump facilities for soil-concrete bodies became the criteria. Investigations of hydration and structure formation during hardening of slag-alkali binders and soil-concretes on their base were conducted using a system of physical and chemical methods. Evaluation of construction and engineering properties of the composite slag-alkali binder was accomplished in accordance with the methods as per GOST 10181-2014 and GOST 5802-86 state standards. Results. Results of analysis how the slag type and amount influence the physical and mechanical properties of the binder used for jet soil cementation are presented. The article shows improvement of physical, mechanical, process and usage properties of the slag-alkali binder. General mechanism of impact of the slag on properties of the cementation mixture were revealed. Conclusions. Efficiency of application of the slag as an active component of the composite binder for jet cementation in geotechnical construction was theoretically substantiated and experimentally demonstrated. General applicability of the obtained concrete mixture based on the slag-alkali binder is stated for usage in cementation methods of improvement of technical parameters of concrete mixture and concretes. A classification of expanding cements possessing various expansion degrees was suggested for solving different construction problems.
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Wong, John Kok Hee, Sien Ti Kok, and Soon Yee Wong. "Fibers, Geopolymers, Nano and Alkali-Activated Materials for Deep Soil Mix Binders." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 830–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091511.
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Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Lime (CaO) have traditionally been used as binder materials for Deep Soil Mix (DSM) ground improvement. Research has been conducted into possible alternatives such as pozzolans to reduce reliance on either cement or lime. However, pozzolans still undergo similar calcium-based reactions in the strengthening process. In this review, further alternative binder materials for soil strength development are explored. These recent developments include fiber reinforcement materials, alkali activation methods, nanomaterials and geopolymers, which can potentially achieve equal or improved performance. Research to date has shown that alkali-activated materials and geopolymers can be equivalent or superior alternatives to pozzolanic supplemented cement binders. The case is made for GP cements which potentially produces 80% less CO2 than conventional portland cement during manufacture. One-part AAM and GP cements are a promising substitute for portland cement in DSM. A combined approach which incorporates both Ca and alkali activated/geopolymer types of materials and hence reactions is proposed.
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Owsiak, Zdzisława, Przemysław Czapik, and Justyna Zapała-Sławeta. "Properties of a Three-Component Mineral Road Binder for Deep-Cold Recycling Technology." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163585.
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This study examined the physical properties of a three-component mineral binder that is typically used in deep-cold recycling. Test binders were produced using Portland cement, hydrated lime, and cement bypass dust (CBPD) as a byproduct derived from cement production. The suitability of CBPD for use in road binders was assessed. Effects of the three-component binder composition on the setting time, soundness, consistency, and tensile and compressive strengths of the cement pastes and mortars were determined. The pastes and mortars of the same consistency obtained at different w/b ratios were tested. On this basis, the mixture proportions resulting in road binders satisfying the requirements of PN-EN 13282-2:2015 were determined. By mixing cement, lime, and CBPD during the tests, binder classes N1 to N3 were obtained. The replacement of 40% of cement mass with the CBPD high in free lime produced road binders suitable for recycled base layers. The total content of CBPD and hydrated lime in the road binder should not exceed 50% by mass. The potential risk of mortar strength reduction due to KCl recrystallization was discussed.
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Potapova, Ekaterina, Aung Kyaw Nyein, Elena Tsvetkova, and Hans-Betram Fischer. "Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032904007.
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Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allows you to expand the range of gypsum binders for creating dry building mixes and structural elements of low-rise buildings. It was found that in the presence of functional additives, the character of crystallization of hydrate neoplasms changes, which leads to a change in the properties of the hardened binder. The study of the effect of individual and complex additives on the properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allowed us to develop water-resistant gypsum binders.
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Emmanuel, Opara Uchechukwu, Aldi Kuqo, and Carsten Mai. "Non-conventional mineral binder-bonded lignocellulosic composite materials: A review." BioResources 16, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 4606–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.emmanuel.
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The construction industry suffers from unsustainability and contributes more than any other industrial sector to carbon emissions that lead to global warming. Increasing economic and environmental concerns related to conventional energy- and CO2-intensive building materials have propelled the rapid and sustained expansion of research in the area of plant-based inorganic mineral binder-bonded materials for the construction industry. The resulting composites can be qualified as eco-responsible, sustainable, and efficient multifunctional building materials. So far, most of these research efforts have not received as much attention as materials based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). To address this gap, this review focuses on mineral binder-based lignocellulosic composites made from non-conventional inorganic mineral binders/ cements with low embodied energy and low carbon footprint, namely hydrated lime-based binders, magnesium-based cement, alkali-activated cement, and geopolymers, as sustainable alternatives to OPC-bonded lignocellulosic composites (state-of-the-art). The emphasis here is on the application potentials, the influence of production parameters on the material properties/ performance, and recent advancement in this field. Finally, a prediction is provided of future trends for these non-conventional mineral binder-bonded lignocellulosic composites.
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Dvorkin, Leonid, Nataliya Lushnikova, and Mohammed Sonebi. "Application areas of phosphogypsum in production of mineral binders and composites based on them: a review of research results." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901012.
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The increase of the consumption of gypsum products in construction industry with a limited amount of natural gypsum deposits requires alternative sources of gypsum-containing raw materials. In some countries which have fertilizers industry plants, the problem can be solved using industrial wastes, e.g. phosphorgypsum – a byproduct of fertilizers’ production. Kept in dumps over decades, phosphorgypsum is subjected to the chemical changes due to washing out impurities with rain and other natural factors. However, there are observed deviations of harmful impurities in dumped PG depending on its age., Phosphorgypsum of any age requires chemical treatment to neutralize remains of phosphorus and sulfuric acids, fluorine compounds. According to our researches one of the most simple and effective method of neutralization the impurities is using lime-containing admixtures. The paper presents results of laboratory tests of phosphorgypsum as a component of clinker and non-clinker binders. There were investigated the impact of phosphorgypsum as admixture for clinker binders to substitute natural gypsum. Neutralized phosphorgypsum can be applied as mineralizing admixture in calcination of Portland cement clinker. Adding 2 to 2.5% of phosphorgypsum as setting time regulator resulted in a similar physical and mechanical properties compared to mix made with natural gypsum. Another important area of phosphorgypsum application is sulphate activatoion of low-clinker blast-furnace slag cement (clinker content is less than 19%). According to results, the incorporation of phosphorgypsum as sulphate activator in cement has the better effect as natural gypsum. Other development has been carried out to modify the phosphorgypsum binder properties. Complex additive consisted of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer and slaked lime permitted an increase mechanical properties of hardened phosphorgypsum binder due to significant a reduction of water consumption. Such modified binder can be used as partial or complete replacement of gypsum binder for filling cements and finishing plasters. It can substitute gypsum in non-clinker binders like supersulphated cements. There were also developed compositions of supersulphated cements based on low-alumina blast furnace slag and phosphorgypsum. Supersulphated cements were tested in normal-weight and light-weight concrete.
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Chang, Ilhan, Minkyung Jeon, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Application of Microbial Biopolymers as an Alternative Construction Binder for Earth Buildings in Underdeveloped Countries." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/326745.
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Earth buildings are still a common type of residence for one-third of the world’s population. However, these buildings are not durable or resistant against earthquakes and floods, and this amplifies their potential harm to humans. Earthen construction without soil binders (e.g., cement) is known to result in poor strength and durability performance of earth buildings. Failure to use construction binders is related to the imbalance in binder prices in different countries. In particular, the price of cement in Africa, Middle East, and Southwest Asia countries is extremely high relative to the global trend of consumer goods and accounts for the limited usage of cement in those regions. Moreover, environmental concerns regarding cement usage have recently risen due to high CO2emissions. Meanwhile, biopolymers have been introduced as an alternative binder for soil strengthening. Previous studies and feasibility attempts in this area show that the mechanical properties (i.e., compressive strength) of biopolymer mixed soil blocks (i.e, both 1% xanthan gum and 1% gellan gum) satisfied the international criteria for binders used in earthen structures. Economic and market analyses have demonstrated that the biopolymer binder has high potential as a self-sufficient local construction binder for earth buildings where the usage of ordinary cement is restricted.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A cement binder"
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Dachtar, John. "Calcium sulfoaluminate cement as binder for structural concrete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10270/.
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The use of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement as a concrete material can save energy by 25% .and reduce CO2 emissions by 40%. The potential of using ggbs, pfa, bottom ash, pyrite ash and other by-product and waste materials to produce the CSA cement can result in further environmental benefits. The research undertaken in this investigation aimed to explore the potential of CSA cement as the main binding material for structural grade concrete, identify the limitation of this material in this context and suggest possible applications for the resulting concrete. The experimental study covered a number of variables, anhydrite content, OPC and lime Inclusion, water/cement ratio and curing regimes. The investigation encompassed the preparation of CSA cement in the laboratory and the use of a commercially produced CSA. The systems investigated included paste specimens prepared with laboratory produced CSA and commercially manufactured CSA and concrete specimens prepared with the commercially manufactured CSA cement. The investigation in paste included hydration product identification using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy, expansion and compressive strength development. Setting time of CSA cement paste was determined using samples made with the commercially manufactured CSA cement. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete investigated were setting time, workability using both slump test and Tattersall's two-point test, expansion, compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, oxygen permeability, water absorption and rapid chloride permeability. The research carried out in this investigation on CSA cement paste established that ettringite was the main product of hydration. The hydration reaction occurred at a fast rate, with hydration being almost complete within a week after casting. Formation of ettringite as a result of CSA and anhydrite hydration did not cause expansion but in the presence of calcium hydroxide in the system, resulted in expansion. In systems where expansion was evident after long-term water storage, it is suggested that this had resulted from the ettringite imbibing water and expanding. This expansion was found to be controlled by the presence of internal constraints, such as unhydrous particles or aggregates (in the case of concrete). The use of low water/cement ratio and the resulting low water absorption can further reduce such expansion. Concrete workability was improved in CSA cement and anhydrite systems over that of control OPC concrete resulting in lower water demand. The use of OPC as cement replacement in CSA concrete adversely affected the workability and accelerated the initial setting time. The compressive and flexural strength of concrete made with CSA cement and anhydrite were considerably superior to those of control OPC concrete but, in general, were comparable with respect to their indirect tensile strengths. However, compressive strength was found to degrade by 10-20% with prolonged water storage and the OPC, as cement replacement, did not contribute significantly to strength. The need for water for CSA cement hydration was generally higher than the mixing water required for workability. As a consequence, CSA concrete is expected to have lower capillary porosity than OPC concrete. This fact was manifested in the lower water absorption value found for CSA concrete. High oxygen permeability found for CSA and the inconclusive results of the rapid chloride permeability test suggest that further research into the durability performance and durability related properties is required. The high early-age flexural strength of CSA concrete is an advantage in rigid pavements and pre-stressed concrete. The low pH of CSA concrete is another advantaged when glass or vegetal fibres are used. The concrete, however, needs to be of low permeability to safeguard against steel corrosion.
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Kirca, Onder. "Temperature Effect On Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Composite Binders." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607454/index.pdf.
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In calcium aluminate cement (CAC) systems the hydration process is different than portland cement (PC) systems. The hydration products of CAC are subjected to conversion depending on temperature, moisture, water-cement ratio, cement content, etc. Consequently, strength of CAC system can be seriously reduced. However, presence of other inorganic binders or additives may alter the hydration process and improve various properties of CAC based composites.
The objective of this study is to investigate the temperature effect on the behaviour of CAC based composite binders. Throughout this research, several combinations of CAC-PC, CAC-gypsum, CAC-lime, CAC-ground granulated blast furnace slag (CAC-GGBFS) were studied. These CAC based composite binders were subjected to seven different curing regimes and their strength developments were investigated up to 210 days. In addition, the mechanism of strength development was examined by XRD analyses performed at 28 and 210 days. Finally, some empirical relationships between strength-time-curing temperatures were formulated.
Experimental results revealed that the increase in ambient temperature resulted in an increase in the rate of conversion, thereby causing drastic strength reduction, particularly in pure CAC mix. It has been observed that inclusion of small amount of PC, lime, and gypsum in CAC did not induce conversion-free CAC binary systems, rather they resulted in faster conversion by enabling rapid formation of stable C3AH6 instead of metastable, high strength inducing CAH10 and C2AH8. On the other hand, in CAC-GGBFS mixes, the formation of stable straetlingite (C2ASH8) instead of calcium aluminate hydrates hindered the conversion reactions. Therefore, CAC-GGBFS mixes, where GGBFS ratio was over 40%, did not exhibit strength loss due to conversion reactions that occurred in pure CAC systems.
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Yousuf, Saif. "Structural Low Cement Content (LCC) Concrete: An Eco-friendly Alternative for Construction Industry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37590.
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Pressure is mounting in the construction industry to adopt more environmentally sustainable methods to reduce CO2 emissions. Portland cement (PC) often constitutes to more than two-thirds of the embodied energy of concrete, and its production generates 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. One efficient strategy to reduce the cement content without sacrificing performance is the use of particle packing models (PPM) to mix- proportion concrete mixtures with low cement content, the so-called low cement content (LCC) concrete. If on the one hand LCC was seen to be an effective sustainable alternative to the construction industry, its mechanical behaviour, durability and long-term performance are still under debate and thus further research is needed in the area. In this project, continuous PPM theories were used to mix- design structural concrete mixes presenting distinct mechanical properties (i.e. 25 & 35 MPa) and cement contents. Their performance was evaluated in the fresh and hardened states, and gaps, recommendations, and further needs were highlighted. Results show that the use of PPM enables the development of LCC systems, showing impressive hardened state performance (i.e. higher compressive strength and modulus of elasticity and lower electrical resistivity) and low carbon footprint. However, challenges in the fresh state were faced, which may be potentially solved with the use of chemical admixtures, fillers and/or supplementary cementing materials (SCMs).
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Andrade, Josà Roberto Moreira de. "The effect of modification asphalt binder with a phenolic rein: cardanol-formaldehyde." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16820.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe asphalt from petroleum refineries, when presents proper consistency to pavement, is denominated asphaltic binder or petroleum asphaltic cement (PAC). The petroleum asphaltic binders are materials constituted by complex mixtures of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Their main components are carbon, hydrogen, but also contain other elements like oxygen, sulphur and some metals. They are obtained from the natural evaporation of deposits located on the earth surface (natural asphalt), or by distillation in industrial units specially designed for this. The asphaltic binders produced by petroleum refining resist satisfactorily in most situations to which pavements are submitted. Nevertheless, over the past years, the highways with a high volume of traffic have had to support an increasing daily average of vehicles, heavier trucks, and also increases in axle weight and in tire pressure. These roads require, thus, asphaltic coatings with better performance and more modern constructive techniques. In view of this, this research has as its goal to study the effects resulting from the modification of the petroleum asphaltic cement (PAC) by the addiction of a resin of the type phenol-formaldehyde â obtained from cardanol â to analysis of the feasibility of this additive in asphalts. Through this study, it was found that the additive enabled an increase in the module (G*) and a lowering of the phase angle (δ) that resulted in a better performance of the asphaltic binder in terms of permanent deformation if compared to the pure PAC. It was also observed a reduction of approximately 12ÂC in the temperature of compaction and machining of the mixture in relation to the pure binder, what makes possible the use of the resin as additive in asphaltic binders.
O asfalto obtido das refinarias de petrÃleo, quando apresenta consistÃncia adequada à pavimentaÃÃo, à denominado de ligante asfÃltico ou cimento asfÃltico de petrÃleo (CAP). Os ligantes asfÃlticos de petrÃleo sÃo materiais constituÃdos por misturas complexas de hidrocarbonetos de elevada massa molar, cujos componentes principais sÃo o carbono e o hidrogÃnio, contendo tambÃm outros elementos como o oxigÃnio, enxofre e alguns metais. SÃo obtidos por evaporaÃÃo natural de depÃsitos localizados na superfÃcie da terra (asfaltos naturais), ou por destilaÃÃo em unidades industriais especialmente projetadas. Os ligantes asfÃlticos produzidos pelo refino do petrÃleo atendem satisfatoriamente à maioria das situaÃÃes Ãs quais os pavimentos sÃo submetidos. Contudo, nos Ãltimos anos, as rodovias de alto volume de trÃfego apresentam aumento no VMD (nÃmero de veÃculos mÃdio diÃrio), maior peso nos caminhÃes, aumento da carga por eixo e aumento da pressÃo dos pneus, requerendo revestimentos asfÃlticos que apresentem melhor desempenho e tÃcnicas construtivas mais modernas. Em vista disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos resultantes da modificaÃÃo do cimento asfÃltico de petrÃleo (CAP) por adiÃÃo de uma resina do tipo fenol-formaldeÃdo â obtida a partir do cardanol â para anÃlise da viabilidade do uso deste aditivo em asfaltos. Por meio deste estudo verificou-se que o aditivo possibilitou um aumento no mÃdulo complexo (G*) e um abaixamento do Ãngulo de fase (δ) o que fez com que o ligante asfÃtico obtivesse um melhor desempenho em relaÃÃo a deformaÃÃo permanente comparado ao CAP puro. Verificou-se, tambÃm, uma reduÃÃo de aproximadamente 12 ÂC na temperatura de compactaÃÃo e usinagem da mistura em relaÃÃo ao ligante puro, o que torna viÃvel a utilizaÃÃo da resina como aditivo em ligantes asfÃlticos.
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Dolores, Gonzalo Mármol de los. "Low-alkalinity matrix composites based on magnesium oxide cement reinforced with cellulose fibres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74133/tde-17082017-113846/.
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A lower-alkalinity cement based on MgO and SiO2 blends is analysed to develop clinker-free Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCC) with cellulosic fibres in order to solve the durability problems of this type of fibres when used in FRCC with Portland cement. Hydration evolution from 7 to 28 days of different MgO-SiO2 formulations is assessed. The main hydration products are Mg(OH)2 and M-S-H gels for all the formulations studied regardless of age. Hardened pastes are obtained with pH values < 11 and good mechanical properties compared to conventional Portland cement. 60% MgO-40% SiO2 system is chosen as optimal for the development FRCC since is the most mechanical resistant and is less alkaline compared with 70% MgO-30% SiO2. FRCC based on magnesium oxide and silica (MgO-SiO2) cement with cellulose fibres are produced to study the durability of lignocellulosic fibres in a lower pH environment than the ordinary Portland cement (PC). Flexural performance and physical tests (apparent porosity, bulk density and water absorption) of samples at 28 days and after 200 accelerated ageing cycles (aac) are compared. Two types of vegetable fibres are utilised: eucalyptus and pine pulps. MgO-SiO2 cement preserves cellulosic fibres integrity after ageing, so composites made out of MgO-SiO2 exhibit significant higher performance after 200 cycles of accelerated ageing than Portland cement composites. High CO2 concentration environment is evaluated as a curing treatment in order to optimise MgO- SiO2 matrices in FRCC. Samples are cured under two different conditions: 1) steam water curing at 55°C and 2) a complementary high CO2 concentration (20% by volume). In carbonated samples, Mg(OH)2 content is clearly lowered while new crystals of hydromagnesite [Mg5 (CO3)4⋅(OH) 2⋅4H2O] are produced. After carbonation, M-S-H gel content is also reduced, suggesting that this phase is also carbonated. Carbonation affects positively to the composite mechanical strength and physical properties with no deleterious effects after ageing since it increases matrix rigidity. The addition of sepiolite in FRCC is studied as a possible additive constituent of the binding matrix. Small cement replacement (1 and 2% wt.) by sepiolite is introduced and studied in hardened cement pastes and, later, in FRCC systems. When used only in cement pastes, it improves Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity over time. Bending tests prove the outcome of this additive on the mechanical performance of the composite: it improves composite homogeneity. Ageing effects are reported after embedding sisal fibres in MgO-SiO2 and PC systems and submitting them to different ageing conditions. This comparative study of fibre degradation applied in different cementitious matrices reveals the real compatibility of lignocellulosic fibres and Mg-based cements. Sisal fibres, even after accelerated ageing, do neither suffer a significant reduction in cellulose content nor in cellulose crystallinity and crystallite size, when exposed to MgO-SiO2 cement. Fibre integrity is preserved and no deposition of cement phases is produced in MgO-SiO2 environment.Um cimento de baixa alcalinidade à base de blendas de MgO e SiO2 é analisado para o desenvolvimento de Compósitos Cimentícios Reforçados com Fibras (CCRF) celulósicas sem clínquer para resolver os problemas de durabilidade de este tipo de fibras quando são usadas em CCRF com cimento Portland. A evolução da hidratação, desde 7 aos 28 dias, das diferentes formulações é avaliada. Os principais produtos hidratados são o Mg(OH)2 e o gel M-S-H para todas as formulações independentemente da idade estudada. As pastas endurecidas apresentam valores de pH < 11 e bom desempenho mecânico comparado com o cimento Portland convencional. O sistema 60% MgO-40% SiO2 é escolhido como a formulação ótima para o desenvolvimento de CCRF já que é a mais resistente e menos alcalina comparada com 70% MgO-30% SiO2. CCRF com cimento à base de óxido de magnésio e sílica (MgO-SiO2) e fibras celulósicas são produzidos para a análise da durabilidade das fibras lignocelulósicas em ambientes com valores de pH mais baixos comparados com o cimento Portland (PC). O desempenho mecânico a flexão e os ensaios físicos (porosidade aparente, densidade aparente e absorção de água) são comparados aos 28 dias e após de 200 ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado. O cimento à base de MgO-SiO2 preserva a integridade das fibras após o envelhecimento. Os compósitos produzidos com este cimento exibem melhores propriedades após 200 ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado que os compósitos produzidos com cimento Portland. Ambientes com alta concentração de CO2 são avaliados como tratamento de cura para otimizar as matrizes MgO- SiO2 nos CCRF. As amostras são curadas sob 2 condições diferençadas: 1) cura com vapor de água a 55oC e 2) cura com alta concentração de CO2 (20% do volume). As amostras carbonatadas apresentam teores reduzidos de Mg(OH)2 enquanto é produzida uma nova fase cristalina: hidromagnesita [Mg5 (CO3)4⋅(OH) 2⋅4H2O]. Após a carbonatação, o conteúdo de gel M-S-H é reduzido também, indicando uma carbonatação desta fase. A carbonatação aumenta a rigidez da matriz o que influi positivamente no desempenho mecânico e as propriedades físicas dos compósitos sem efeitos prejudiciais ao longo prazo. A adição de sepiolita em CCRF é estudada como possível adição na composição da matriz aglomerante. Baixos teores (1 e 2% em massa) de cimento são substituídos por sepiolita para o estudo das pastas de cimento hidratado e, posteriormente, dos compósitos. O Módulo Elástico Dinâmico das pastas é incrementado com o tempo pela adição de sepiolita. Os ensaios a flexão demostram que a adição de sepiolita melhora a homogeneidade dos compósitos. Reportam-se os efeitos das fibras de sisal após da exposição a sistemas MgO-SiO2 e PC e submetidas a diferentes condições de envelhecimento. Este estudo comparativo da degradação das fibras expostas a diferentes matrizes cimentícias mostra a compatibilidade das fibras lignocelulósicas com os cimentos à base de Mg. As fibras de sisal, inclusive após o envelhecimento acelerado, não apresentam nem redução significativa no conteúdo de celulose nem na cristalinidade da celulose assim como do tamanho de cristalito, quando expostas a cimentos MgO-SiO2.
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Eid, Mohd Nabil. "Proposal of a Mix Design Method for Low Cement Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40586.
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Concrete, the second most used material in the world, presents great performance and economic benefits. Yet, it is often characterized by a brittle behaviour, low tensile strength, and toughness. Fibers are usually added to concrete to counteract its brittle behaviour, increasing ductility and toughness, controlling crack propagation and delaying concrete failure. However, their addition significantly worsens the fresh state performance of the material. To improve fresh state of the so-called Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), conventional mix-design methods recommend the use of high paste content, which results in a significant increase of Portland cement (PC) content and raises the carbon footprint of the material. The latter is responsible for 8% of the global annual carbon dioxide (CO2) anthropogenic emissions. Given the current worldwide concerns on global warming, the construction industry is in a need to lessen the demand, and thus production of PC. Recent studies have been focusing on the use of advanced mix-design techniques (i.e. particle packing models- PPMs) along with Inert Fillers (IF) as an alternative to reduce PC content in concrete. However, the latter was not applied to conventional FRC. In this work, advanced mix design techniques (i.e. PPMs) are used to overcome the aforementioned issues and mix-proportion eco-efficient FRC with low cement content (< 300 kg/m3). Fresh (i.e. VeBe time, slump, rheological behaviour) and hardened (i.e. compressive strength, and flexural behaviour) state tests were performed on the proposed mixtures and compared with control high PC content (375 kg/m3) FRC mixes. Results show that PPM designed mixes presented higher minimum torque (yield stress) but quite comparable apparent viscositiy when compared to conventionally designed mixtures. Moreover, the flowability (i.e. VeBe time, and slump) tends to decrease as fiber content, length, and/or as the amount of fillers increase in the mixtures. In addition, PPM mixes exhibited a shear thinning behaviour following the Herschel-Bulkley model, which enables the design of FRC PPM mix-proportioned mixtures for applications requiring high torque regimes such as vibrated and/or pumped concrete. Finally, results show that the use of PPMs to mix proportion eco-efficient low cement FRC mixtures produced improved hardened (i.e. compressive strength, and flexural performance) state behaviour with lower environmental impact than conventional ACI designed FRC mixtures.
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Tagliaferri, de Grazia Mayra. "Contribution to the Understanding of Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Low Cement Concrete." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38109.
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Concrete, the major construction material used in the civil industry worldwide, displays remarkable performance and economic benefits. Yet, it also presents a huge environmental impact producing about 7% of the global carbon dioxide (CO2). Given the rise of global warming concerns, studies have been focusing on alternatives to reduce the amount of Portland cement (PC), which is the least sustainable ingredient of the mixture, for example by adopting particle packing model (PPM) techniques. Although a promising alternative, there is currently a lack of studies regarding the efficiently use of PPMs to reduce PC without compromising the fresh and hardened properties of the material. This work appraises the influence of PPMs and advanced mix-design techniques on the fresh (rheological behaviour) and hardened (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, porosity, and permeability) state behaviours of systems with reduced amount of PC, the so-called low cement content (LCC) concrete. Results show that is possible to produce eco-efficient concrete maintaining and/or enhancing fresh and hardened properties of the material. Nevertheless, further durability and long-term behaviour must be performed on LCC systems.
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Kiiashko, Artur. "Amélioration des propriétés rhéologiques et à jeune âge des laitiers alcali-activés au carbonate de sodium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN033.
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Aujourd'hui, les problèmes environnementaux sont plus graves que jamais. Des mesures urgentes devraient être prises dans tous les domaines de l'activité humaine, y compris la construction. L'un des principaux contributeurs à l'impact négatif de cette industrie sur l'environnement est la fabrication du ciment Portland ordinaire (OPC) nécessaire à la production de béton et d’autres matériaux cimentaire. Malgré son importance, il présente un inconvénient important: sa production est accompagnée par de grandes quantités de gaz à effet de serre. Ils représentent 5 à 8% des émissions mondiales totales de CO2. Des matériaux cimentaires plus écologiques sont maintenant nécessaires.Des réductions significatives de l’impact sur l’environnement ne peuvent être obtenues que par l’utilisation de liants de nouvelle génération dont la fabrication ne nécessite pas beaucoup de processus et de traitements supplémentaires. L'une d'elles consiste à utiliser des déchets industriels comme liants (différentes laitiers, cendres volantes, cendres de biomasse, etc.). De cette manière, il y a non seulement une réduction de l'impact de processus tels que l'extraction minière ou la calcination, mais également le recyclage des déchets (un principe de l'économie circulaire).Une possibilité consiste à utiliser du laitier de haut fourneau (GGBS) comme base pour ce ciment de nouvelle génération. En raison de sa réactivité relativement faible avec l'eau, des suppléments (également appelés activateurs) doivent être utilisés pour favoriser le processus d'hydratation. Le carbonate de sodium (Na2CO3) est l’un des activateurs les plus prometteurs et en même temps les moins étudiés. Un tel ciment alkali-activé présente des propriétés mécaniques et de durabilité élevées, ainsi qu'une empreinte CO2 très faible. Parmi les principaux problèmes qui entravent son utilisation à l'échelle industrielle, on peut mentionner une évolution de la résistance lente à jeune âge et de rhéologie médiocre.L'objectif de la présente thèse est de développer une nouvelle conception du liant à base de laitier activé par Na2CO3, qui répondrait à toutes les exigences modernes du secteur de la construction, en particulier les propriétés rhéologiques et le développement de la résistance à jeune âge. Ce liant doit toujours répondre à au moins trois critères principaux: faible impact environnemental, faibles risques de danger dans les applications sur le terrain et être économiquement compétitif à l'échelle industrielle.Dans le présent travail, l’influence de différents paramètres tels que le rapport eau/liant, la concentration de Na2CO3, la finesse du laitier et les conditions de durcissement sur les propriétés du mélange à jeune âge et à long terme a été étudiée. Sur la base des résultats du processus d’hydratation, les additifs à base de phosphonate qui permettent de contrôler efficacement la rhéologie de tels liants ont été testé avec succès. Ils permettent non seulement de contrôler le temps de prise, mais fournissent également un effet plastifiant.En ce qui concerne l’amélioration des propriétés de résistance au jeune âge, différentes méthodes ont été utilisées. L’utilisation d’un traitement thermique ou d’une augmentation de la finesse du GGBS s’est avérée efficace. L’exploration des causes d’une longue période d’induction a montré que l’accélération pouvait également être obtenue par l’ajout d’une source de calcium à cinétique de dissolution contrôlée. En conséquence, le liant est devenu plus réactif et plus robuste à certains facteurs (concentration d’activateur, rapport eau/liant, conditions de durcissement, etc.). Pour compenser l'empreinte carbone supplémentaire de la source de calcium ajoutée, le liant a été dilué avec succès par le calcaire sans aucune dégradation des propriétés à un certain pourcentage de dilutionToday, environmental problems are more acute than ever. Urgent measures should be taken in all spheres of human activity including construction and civil engineering. One of the major contributors of negative environmental impacts from this industry is the manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) required for concrete and other cementitious materials production. Although its importance to economical development, it has a significant drawback - its production is accompanied by the emission of large quantities of greenhouse gases. They account for 5-8% of total world CO2 emissions. More environmentally friendly cementitious materials are now required.Significant reductions of the environmental impact can be achieved only through the use of new-generation binders whose manufacture does not require a lot of additional processes and treatments. One route is through the use of industrial wastes as binders (different slags, fly ash, biomass bottom ash, etc.). In this way there is not only a reduction in the impact of processes such as mining or calcination, but also the recycling of waste materials (circular economy principle).One possibility is to use ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as the basis for such a new generation cement. Due to its rather low reactivity with water, additional supplements (also called activators) should be used to promote the hydration process. One of the most promising, and at the same time least studied, activators is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Such alkali-activated cements present high mechanical and durability properties, as well as a very low CO2 footprint. Among the main problems hindering its industrial scale adoption are their poor rheology and too slow strength gain within the first days of hardening.The objective of the present thesis is to develop a new binder based on Na2CO3 activated GGBS that would meet all the modern requirements of the construction industry, in particular regarding the rheological properties and early age strength development. In addition this binder should always respond to at least three main criteria: low environmental impact, low health and safety concerns in field applications, and be economically competitive at industrial scale.In the present work, the influence of different parameters like water/binder ratio, Na2CO3 concentration, slag fineness and curing conditions on both early age and long term properties of the mixture were studied. Based on the results of the hydration process analysis, phosphonate based additives that allow for the effective control of the rheology of such binders were successfully tested. They not only allow control over the setting time, but also provide a plasticizing effect.Regarding the improvement of early age strength properties, various methods have been used. The use of heat treatment or an increase of GGBS fineness turned out to be efficient. Exploring the causes of the long induction period has shown that acceleration can also be achieved by the addition of a calcium source with controlled dissolution kinetics. As a result, the binder became more reactive and robust against certain factors (activator concentration, Water/Binder ratio, curing conditions, etc.). To compensate for the additional carbon footprint from the added calcium source, the binder was successfully diluted by limestone without any degradation of the properties below some dilution percentages
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Slobodan, Šupić. "Primena pepela nastalog sagorevanjem žetvenih ostataka kao mineralnog dodatka u cementnim kompozitima." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110861&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U disertaciji su prikazani rezultati sopstvenog eksperimentalnog istraživanja mogućnosti primjene biopepela, nastalog sagorjevanjem žetvenih ostataka, kao mineralnog dodatka u cementnim kompozitima: malterima i betonima. Istraživanje je zasnovano na komparativnoj analizi 27 vrsta maltera u kojima je varirana vrsta biopepela i vrsta sitnozrnog agregata i 12 vrsta betona koje se razlikuju u vrsti veziva i u krupnom agregatu. Na očvrslom malteru su ispitani: konzistencija, čvrstoća pri pritisku i kapilarno upijanje vode, a na očvrslom betonu ispitivani su kapilarno upijanje vode, skupljanje pri sušenju, čvrstoća pri pritisku, dinamički modul elastičnosti, otpornost na habanje, vodonepropustljivost i čvrstoća na savijanje. Istaknuto je da se primjenom biopepela kao zamjene dijela cementa mogu dobiti konstrukcijski malteri i betoni, odnosno betoni sa zadovoljavajućim fizičkim i mehaničkim karakteristikama.The dissertation presents the results of an own experimental research on the possibility of using biomass ash as a mineral additive in cement composites: mortar and concrete. The research is based on a comparative analysis of 27 types of mortars in which the type of biomass ash and the type of fine-grained aggregate were varied, as well as 12 types of concrete that differ in the type of binder and coarse aggregate. Following properties were tested on hardened mortars: consistency, compressive strength and capillary water absorption, and on hardened concrete: capillary water absorption, drying shrinkage, compressive strength, dinamic modulus of elasticity, wear resistance, waterpermeability and flexural strength. It was pointed out that biomass ash can be used as a replacement of a part of cement, thereby obtaining satisfactory physical and mechanical characteristics.
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Nguyen, Hai Trung. "Transfert hydrique dans le milieu poreux réactif : Application à l’étude de séchage d’une pâte pure ettringitique au jeune âge." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI124/document.
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Les chapes autonivelantes sont souvent composées de ciment alumineux et de sulfate de calcium pour assurer une prise rapide. Le ciment alumineux est généralement à base de monocalcium aluminate (CA). Récemment, un nouveau ciment alumineux riche en mayénite (C12A7) a été conçu pour optimiser l’application des chapes par l’augmentation de la quantité d’ettringite formée. Le développement de l’hydratation au jeune âge (pendant les premières 24 heures) de ce type de produit est pourtant très peu connu. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’évaluer l’interaction entre l’hydratation au jeune âge et le séchage naturel à travers un modèle de couplage. Ce modèle est appliqué à l’étude d’une pâte pure ettringitique composée de ciment riche en C12A7 et de plâtre alpha. Tout d’abord, un modèle cinétique d’hydratation, initialement développé en système dilué, a été proposé pour étudier l’hydratation d’une pâte pure ettringitique en condition endogène. Il permet de décrire l’évolution en fonction du temps de la porosité, de la teneur en eau, des quantités de phases (réactifs et hydrates). Un modèle de distribution de rayon de pores a été aussi proposé. Ce modèle permet d’obtenir la courbe de pression capillaire au jeune âge nécessaire pour la modélisation des transferts hydriques. Ensuite, une modélisation complète des transferts hydriques a été présentée. Elle a montré que l’hypothèse d’une pression de gaz constante conduit à une surestimation de perte de masse pour des matériaux à faible perméabilité. Pourtant, pour le cas des ciments alumineux, cette hypothèse peut être retenue pour simplifier le couplage avec le modèle cinétique d’hydratation. Enfin, une modélisation des couplages entre l’hydratation et la dessiccation a été développée. L’originalité de ce modèle porte sur l’intégration de la courbe isotherme issue du modèle de distribution poreuse dans la modélisation des transferts hydriques via une fonction Matlab. Le modèle a été capable de reproduire la cinétique de perte de masse d’un échantillon de pâte pure ettringite réactive soumis au séchage précoce. La nécessité de la prise en compte de l’évolution de température a été mise en évidence. De plus, le modèle a prévu un arrêt précoce de l’hydratation à la surface séchante après 10 heures d’hydratation. L’effet de la dessiccation atteint une profondeur de 5 mm sur un échantillon de 3 cm d’épaisseurSelf-leveling flooring compounds (SLC) are often composed of calcium aluminate cements (CAC) and calcium sulfate to ensure rapid setting. The mineral composition of calcium aluminate cements is usually designed around monocalcium aluminate (CA). Recently, a new cement with the main compound of mayenite (C12A7) has been designed to optimize the application of SLC by increasing the amount of ettringite in the hydration product. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to early-age hydration (during the first 24 hours) of this type of product. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction between early-age hydration and natural drying through a coupling model. This model is applied to the study of an ettringite binder composed of cement rich in C12A7 and plaster First, a kinetic model of hydration, initially developed in a diluted system, has been proposed to study the hydration of an ettringite paste under endogenous conditions. It allows to describe the evolution as a function of time of the porosity, the water content, and the quantities of phases (reactants and hydrates). A model of pore size distribution has also been proposed. This model allows us to obtain the capillary pressure curve at early-age, which is necessary for the modeling of moisture transport. Then, a complete modeling of water transfers was presented. It has shown that the assumption of constant gas pressure leads to an overestimation of mass loss for weakly permeable materials. However, for the case of CAC, this hypothesis can be retained to simplify the coupling with the kinetic model of hydration. Finally, a modeling of the coupling between hydration and desiccation has been developed. The originality of this model concerns the integration of the isothermal curve resulting from the pore size distribution model in the modeling of water transfers via a Matlab function. The model was able to reproduce the kinetics of mass loss of a sample of ettringite binder subjected to early drying. The role of temperature was also elucidated. In addition, the model predicted an early stop of hydration on the drying surface after 10 hours of hydration. The effect of desiccation reaches a depth of 5 mm on a sample with a thickness of 3 cm
Books on the topic "A cement binder"
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ASTM International Committee C01 on Cement and ASTM International Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, eds. Geopolymer binder systems. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.
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Tuts, Rafael. Pre-feasibility study on the use of rice husk ash as cementitious binder in Kenya. [Nairobi]: University of Nairobi, Housing Research and Development Unit, 1990.
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Newberry, Conrad Stephen. The effect of two 'suitable' toxic wastes commonly used in cement-based solidification on a range of cement/pozzolanic binder systems. [London]: Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1994.
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Teoreanu, Ion. Bazele tehnologiei lianților anorganici. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, R.A., 1993.
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Hardin, JC, ed. Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement Binders. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1241-eb.
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United States. Federal Highway Administration. and Asphalt Institute, eds. Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt binder test methods. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1994.
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1933-, Hardin John C., and American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials., eds. Physical properties of asphalt cement binders. Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A: ASTM, 1995.
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United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., ed. Endogenous capacity-building for the production of binding materials in the construction industry: Selected case studies. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994.
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Endogenous capacity-building for the production of binding materials in the construction industry: Selected case studies. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1993.
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The World Market for Articles of Vegetable Fiber Agglomerated with Cement or Other Mineral Binders: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "A cement binder"
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Vipulanandan, Cumaraswamy. "Concrete with Smart Cement Binder." In Smart Cement, 325–76. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429298172-12.
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Struble, Leslie, Eric Kim, and Lauren Gómez-Zamorano. "Overview of Geopolymer Cement." In Geopolymer Binder Systems, 1–10. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156620120106.
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Hicks, James K. "Activated Class C Fly Ash Cement." In Geopolymer Binder Systems, 108–18. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156620120060.
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Zubrod, Rodney W. "Performance-Based Specification for Geopolymer Cement Binders and Supporting Laboratory Data." In Geopolymer Binder Systems, 165–84. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156620120061.
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Lifton, V. A., Ch Tontrup, and T. von Rymon Lipinski. "Next Generation Alumina Binder for Cement-free Castables." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 1019–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch173.
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Aksu, Gizem, and Tugba Eskisar. "Mechanical Behavior of Cement-Treated Soils with Nanosilica—A Green Binder." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 609–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0077-7_51.
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Sibbick, Richard G., Callie LaFleur, and Steven Garrity. "Using Fluorescent Microscopy as a Tool in the Determination of Water to Cementitious Binder Ratios in Hardened Concrete Samples." In Advances in Cement Analysis and Concrete Petrography, 126–41. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161320170235.
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Rusati, Pacifique Kiza, Sanha Kim, and Ki-Il Song. "Geophysical Properties of Sand-Cement-Inorganic Binder Mixture: Electrical Resistivity and Elastic Wave Velocity." In Pavement Materials and Associated Geotechnical Aspects of Civil Infrastructures, 107–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95759-3_9.
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Shubbar, Ali Abdulhussein, Monower Sadique, Hayder Kamil Shanbara, and Khalid Hashim. "The Development of a New Low Carbon Binder for Construction as an Alternative to Cement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 205–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7480-7_18.
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Syed, Mazhar, and Anasua Guharay. "Stabilization of Expansive Soil Reinforced with Polypropylene and Glass Fiber in Cement and Alkali Activated Binder." In Advancements in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34206-7_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "A cement binder"
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Ninan, Chinnu Mariam, K. P. Ramaswamy, and R. Sajeeb. "Influence of Concrete Mixture Composition on Acid Resistance of Concrete: A Review." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.53.
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Cementitious materials are highly susceptible to rapid and severe degradation by a wide range of acids that are found immensely in ground water, sewage systems, industrial effluents, acid rain etc. which may cause microstructure deterioration. The factors influencing acid attack is generally categorised as material related factors and test related factors. Material related factors can be either related to acid solution or concrete mixture composition. Composition of concrete mixture greatly impacts the acid resistance of concrete. Factors related to composition of concrete mixture are type of cement, type and proportion of binders, water binder ratio, aggregate binder ratio and mineralogical nature of the aggregates. Even though the type of cement influences acid attack, the magnitude of variation is negligible. Consumption of calcium hydroxide and refinement of pore structure makes the use of supplementary cementitious materials favourable for acid resistance. Decrease in water binder ratio and increase in aggregate binder ratio reduces the porosity of concrete and thereby improves the acid resistance of concrete. Calcareous aggregates are preferred for concretes exposed to acids having less soluble salts and not preferred for acids forming soluble salts. This paper highlights the influence of composition of concrete mixture on acid resistance of concrete. A proper formulation of concrete is expected to enhance its acid resistance.
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AYDINER, ADNAN, AYDIN KAVAK, and OZKAN CORUK. "A New Binder Mineral for Cement Stabilized Road Pavement Soils." In Sixth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - ACSM 2017. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-118-4-63.
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Buczynski, Przemysław, and Marek Iwanski. "The Influence of Hydrated Lime, Portland Cement and Cement Dust on Rheological Properties of Recycled Cold Mixes with Foamed Bitumen." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.135.
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This article presents a laboratory evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of recycled base courses produced with different fillers. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of loading time and temperature on the complex modulus (E*) and the phase angle (6) of recycled base courses with respect to selected additives used. The mixtures contained reclaimed asphalt pavement RAP, crushed stone from existing base courses and virgin aggregate. Foamed bitumen 50/70 at 2.5% was used as a binder. The hydraulic binder constituted 3.0% of the recycled base course mixture. Portland cement, hydrated lime and cement kiln dust CKD were added as fillers. Evaluation of rheological properties of recycled base courses according to selected additives was carried out to the procedure set out in EN 12697-26 annex D. The evaluation of stiffness modulus was conducted in the direct tension- compression test on cylindrical samples (DTC-CY). The samples were subjected to the cycles of sinusoidal strain with an amplitude Bo &amp;lt; 25μB. All tests were performed over a range of temperatures (5 ºC, 13 ºC, 25 ºC, 40 ºC) and loading times (0.1 Hz, 0.3 Hz, 1 Hz, 3 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz). The results were used to model stiffness modulus master curves of the recycled base courses containing selected additives in the hydraulic binder.
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Bayuaji, Ridho, Abdul Karim Yasin, Tri Eddy Susanto, and M. Sigit Darmawan. "A review in geopolymer binder with dry mixing method (geopolymer cement)." In GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: Proceedings of the Green Construction and Engineering Education (GCEE) Conference 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5003505.
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Kulovaná, Tereza, and Zbyšek Pavlík. "Characterization of composite materials based on cement-ceramic powder blended binder." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2015 (ICNAAM 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4952064.
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Aiswarya, K., A. A. Alfiya, R. Deepak, V. S. Devadath, and K. P. Ramaswamy. "Development of Alkali Activated Pervious Cementless Concrete." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.54.
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Pervious concrete is a topic of recent interest and finds vivid applications such as for discharging rain water, filtration of waste water etc. Pervious concrete made with cement as a binder poses serious threats to the environment due to the large amount of green house gases released, especially carbon dioxide, owing to the production of cement. Therefore, it is imperative to find a suitable substitute for cement in the production of concrete. This study presents about the production of pervious concrete, completely replacing cement with fly ash geopolymer binder system. Pervious geopolymer concretes were prepared from Class F fly ash, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide solution, coarse aggregate and a little quantity of fine aggregate. The alkali to binder ratio of 0.50 by mass and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.50 were used. In order to improve the workability of mixture, a super plasticizer Conplast SP 430 (2-3% by weight of binder) was added. Temperature curing at 50 ºC for 24 hours was done. Compression, permeability and water absorption tests were conducted on the specimen at 7 days. The compressive strength of the mixture was found to be 11.66 MPa which is more than that of a brick and water absorption was nearly 2%. The permeability of water through the specimen was found to be 24.63 ml/sec for a pervious cubical specimen of size 10 cm. The pervious concretes produced in this work were not only environment friendly but also achieved better mechanical properties and water permeability. It is inferred that the fly ash geopolymer system could be used to produce pervious concrete.
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Lv, Y., H. Huang, G. Ye, and G. De Schutter. "Autogenous Shrinkage of Low Water-Binder Ratio Cement Pastes with Supplementary Cementitious Materials." In Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2016/scmt4d126.
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Ng, P. L., J. J. Chen, and A. K. H. Kwan. "Triple Blending with Superfine Natural Zeolite and Condensed Silica Fume to Improve Performance of Cement Paste." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.037.
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Superfine natural zeolite (SNZ) is obtained by grinding natural zeolite to micro-fine size, whereas condensed silica fume (CSF) is by-product of ferrosilicon industry. Both SNZ and CSF are environmentally-friendly supplementary cementitious materials for mortar and concrete production. Owing to the high fineness and favourable grading of SNZ and CSF (the median particle sizes were 4 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively), the addition of SNZ and CSF could successively fill the voids between ordinary Portland cement (OPC) grains and increase the packing density of the binder, so as to reduce the volume of voids to be filled with water. Therefore, triple blending of OPC+SNZ+CSF can benefit the overall performance of cement paste by releasing more water for flowability improvement at the same water/binder (W/B) ratio, or adopting a lower W/B ratio for strength improvement at the same flowability requirement. This study evaluated the effects of adding SNZ and CSF on the packing density and water film thickness of binder. The experimental results proved that triple blending with SNZ and CSF could increase the packing density and improve the flowability and cohesiveness of cementitious paste.
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Zemanová, Lucie, Jaroslav Pokorný, Milena Pavlíková, and Zbyšek Pavlík. "Moisture-transport and thermal properties of mortars prepared from blended cement-biomass ash binder." In SPECIAL CONCRETE AND COMPOSITES 2019: 16th International Conference. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001711.
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Armynah, Bidayatul, Halmar Halide, Zahrawani, Nurhadi Reski, and Dahlang Tahir. "Study of chloride ion transport of composite by using cement and starch as a binder." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICTAP) 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943752.
Full textReports on the topic "A cement binder"
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.
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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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Douglas, E., and V. M. Malhotra. A review of the properties and strength development of non-ferrous slags and portland cement binders. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/307279.
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