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1
Borghese, Michael M. "The Influence of Weight Status on the Link between Television Viewing and Food Intake in Children." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31071.
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Recent research suggests that sedentary behaviours have detrimental effects on the health and well-being of children, including effects on obesity. Specifically, television viewing is consistently associated with childhood obesity. Two explanations have been proposed: 1) reduced energy expenditure, and 2) increased food intake. However, it has been suggested that the association between television viewing and childhood obesity may be better explained by an increase in energy intake than by a reduction in energy expenditure. To date, children of different weight status have not been compared in their dietary patterns in front of the television, and it is not known if total sedentary time is linked with food intake in children. The objectives of this thesis are: 1) to determine if obese children consume food more frequently while watching television than normal weight children, and 2) to examine which of television viewing or total sedentary time better predicts dietary patterns in children. Overall, our results re-affirm the notion that television viewing is associated with obesity, although physical activity plays a role in this association. Also, children who are obese consume fast food and fruits/vegetables more frequently during television watching than normal weight children. Furthermore, television viewing appears to be a better predictor of dietary patterns in children than overall sedentary time. Globally, these results provide evidence for the deleterious effects of television viewing on children’s dietary patterns and justification for future intervention studies designed to reduce television viewing in children with obesity.
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Müller, Tara Catharina [Verfasser], and Frank von [Akademischer Betreuer] Sonnenburg. "Non-malaria febrile illness : a cross-sectional, observational study in rural areas of Cambodia / Tara Catharina Müller. Betreuer: Frank von Sonnenburg." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032862122/34.
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Beltramo, Michele. "National level sprinter’s competitive anxiety and performance success according to ability level and sex: an observational study with a cross-sectional design." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39441.
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Pozneanscaia, Cristina. "Hyperactive Behavior and Participation in Social Play in a Swedish Preschool Context : A Cross-Sectional Study." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49522.
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The present thesis sought to compare participation in social types of play of children with and without hyperactivity in a Swedish preschool context. Based upon observational design of cross-sectional type, this study was built on a secondary analysis of data collected within two previous research projects that were merged into one dataset. A total of 583 children (n = 298 boys) aged 16 to 72 months (M = 52.55, SD = 11.01) were initially included in the sample. Preschool teachers rated children’s behavior difficulties on a hyperactivity scale using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Structured observations of children’s attendance, engagement, verbal interaction, proximity and location during associative and cooperative interaction were conducted across day-long visits by three trained researchers using Children Observation in Pre- school (COP) tool. Conditional probability looping syntaxes were created and Independent sample t-Tests were used to analyze the data. Out of 572 children included in the analysis, n = 60 (10,2%) were rated as having some form of hyperactivity. On the whole, the findings illustrated that the observed averages of attendance and overall engagement in social types of play did not differ significantly between children with and without hyperactivity. However, an in-depth analysis of participation patterns, linked to contextual and environmental factors such as proximity and play location, revealed several considerable differences between the two groups of children. It seems that preschoolers with hyperactive behavior seek social play opportunities as much as their typical behavior peers, but the quality aspects of their experience defined by a specific context and environment may differ further as the interaction develops. Contextual and environmental factors are crucial determinants to take into account when studying participation. Play, operating as a natural booster of self-regulation and engagement may have the potential to serve as a mediating factor accommodating hyperactivity and promoting participation in Early Childhood Education settings.
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Piza, Felipe Maia de Toledo. "Papel da tromboelastometria em pacientes com dengue e trombocitopenia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-05102016-130612/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Dengue é uma doença viral prevalente e potencialmente fatal associada à alteração da permeabilidade capilar e coagulopatia. Entretanto, não há estudos concernentes aos achados tromboelastométricos nesta doença. Realizamos o presente estudo para analisar pacientes com dengue e plaquetopenia por meio de um exame rápido, efetivo e a beira leito comparando com os exames convencionais de coagulação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal conduzido entre os dias 6 de abril a 5 de maio de 2015, em São Paulo, Brasil, durante epidemia de dengue. Foi realizado tromboelastometria ROTEM® em 53 pacientes com dengue e trombocitopenia em associação com exames convencionais de coagulação: tempo de protrombina (TP), international normalized ratio (INR), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado (TTPa), tempo de trombina (TT), contagem de plaquetas, fibrinogênio e d-dímero. Um grupo controle de pacientes foi estabelecido para comparação do status tromboelastométrico. RESULTADOS: Um total de 38 pacientes de 53 (71,7%) apresentaram anormalidades no INTEM e 29/53 (57,4%) no EXTEM. Em contrapartida, alterações no FIBTEM foram encontradas apenas em 3/53 (5,7%). Houve significância estatística em pacientes correlacionando alterações tromboelastométricas no EXTEM e INTEM e contagem de plaquetas (p=0,052) e (p=0,005), respectivamente; assim como os valores de fibrinogênio (p=0,006) e (p=0,021), respectivamente. O grupo controle (GC) apresentou status tromboelastométrico normal em 10/10 (100%) na análise do INTEM, EXTEM, FIBTEM. Avaliação do EXTEM demonstrou significância estatística entre o GC e o grupo Dengue: CT (p=0,044); CFT (p<0,001); MCF (p < 0,001) e Alpha (p < 0,001). Foram observados níveis normais de fibrinogênio (mediana: 290) e altos níveis de d-dímero (mediana: 1330) com IQR (800-1840). Todos os pacientes (53/53) apresentavam trombocitopenia abaixo de 100 x 109/L (mediana 77 x 109/L) IQR (63-88). Exames convencionais de coagulação revelaram-se completamente normais: TP (mediana: 100%) IQR (90-100); INR (mediana: 1,0) IQR (1,0-1,1); TTPa (mediana: 28,9 segundos) IQR (26,0-32,5) e TT (mediana: 18,2 segundos) IQR (17,0-19,5). Apenas (7/49) 14,3% pacientes apresentaram sangramento e (3/52) 5,8% necessitou de hospitalização. Não houve associação entre alterações tromboelastométricas com sangramento ou hospitalização. CONCLUSÕES: Dengue representa um processo inflamatório intenso, mantendo níveis normais de fibrinogênio. Portanto, FIBTEM mantém-se normal promovendo boa formação do coágulo sem risco imediato de sangramento. Não houve correlação entre os achados tromboelastométricos com os exames convencionais de coagulação, sugerindo que testes viscoelásticos são exames mais sensíveis para análise de coagulopatia precoce nessa população<br>INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a prevalent and potentially fatal viral disease associated with plasma leakage and coagulopathy, though no information is available on thromboelastometric profile. We performed this study to analyze dengue fever patients with thrombocytopenia clot changes through point-ofcare thromboelastometry tests and standard coagulation tests. METHODS: This was an observational, transversal and cross sectional study conducted between April 6th and May 5th 2015 in São Paulo, Brazil, during a dengue outbreak. Thromboelastometry ROTEM® was performed in 53 patients with dengue and thrombocytopenia, in association with conventional coagulation tests: prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT); platelet count, fibrinogen level, and d-dimer. A control group of 10 patients was established to compare thromboelastometry profiles. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients in 53 (71,7%) had abnormalities in INTEM, 29 in 53 (57,4%) in EXTEM. Conversely, FIBTEM was abnormal in 3/53 (5,7%). Statistical analysis revealed significant relation in those patients with impairment EXTEM and INTEM with lowered platelet (p=0,052) and (p=0,005) respectively and lowered fibrinogen levels (p=0,006) and (p=0,021) respectively. Control group (CG) had normal status in 10/10 (100%) of INTEM, EXTEM, FIBTEM analysis. EXTEM analysis demonstrated statistical differences between CG and dengue group: CT (p=0,044); CFT (p < 0,001); MCF (p < 0,001) and Alpha (p < 0,001). Normal levels of fibrinogen (median: 290) and high levels of ddimer (median: 1330) IQR (800-1840) were found. All patients (53/53) had platelet under 100 x 109/L (median 77 x 109/L) IQR (63-88). Standard coagulation tests were completely normal: PT (median: 100%) IQR (90-100); INR (median: 1,0) IQR (1,0-1,1); aPTT (median: 28,9 seconds) IQR (26.0- 32,5) and TT (median: 18,2 seconds) IQR (17,0-19.5). Only (7/49) 14,3% patients had bleeding manifestations and (3/52) 5,8% needed hospitalization. There was no association between altered thromboelastometry with bleeding manifestations or hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue represents an intense inflammatory process, maintaining normal levels of fibrinogen. FIBTEM remains normal providing good clot strength without immediate bleeding risk. There were no correlation between thromboelastometry findings and standard coagulation exams, suggesting that viscoelastic tests are more sensible method to analyze early coagulation impairments in this population
6
Nondela, Babalwa Bukeka. "Correlation of 99mTc Sucralfate scan and endoscopic grading in caustic oesophageal injury: An observational analytic study at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29701.
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Introduction: Technecium (Tc) 99m Sucralfate scan has been shown to be a reliable and non-invasive screening modality after caustic substance ingestion, followed by oesophagoscopy under general anaesthesia to grade the extent and severity of injury. Aim: To determine a correlation between the 99mTc Sucralfate scan and the endoscopy findings in children presenting with caustic oesophageal injury. Methods: An observational analytic study of children who had both 99mTc Sucralfate scan and endoscopy after caustic substance ingestion at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in a period between January 2009 and September 2016. The oesophageal injury was classified into low grade and high grade according to the degree of adhesion on 99mTc Sucralfate scan and modification of Zargar endoscopic grading. Approval of the study by the University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee was obtained, REF. 049/2017. Results: Out of a total of 197 children, 40 children were identified who had both investigations done on average 26hours post injury. Low grade adhesion on 99mTc Sucralfate scan was found in 27 children (68%), and all had low grade Zargar’s oesophageal injuries. None of these subsequently developed residual pathology. Thirteen had high grade adhesion and five of these had high grade injury on endoscopy. Three (23%) developed oesophageal strictures. Correlation of 99mTc Sucralfate and endoscopic findings reached statistical significance with a p-value of 0.0014. No morbidity was associated with either the scan or endoscopy. Conclusions: Low grade Sucralfate scan finding has potential to successfully eliminate the need for invasive endoscopy under general anaesthesia and thereby reducing procedure related morbidity, hospitalization and associated costs. However, mandatory endoscopy is required in children with high grade adhesion seen on 99mTc Sucralfate scan. This requires confirmation using a larger prospective study.
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Shamsie, Jamal. "The context of dominance : a cross sectional study." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39308.
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The persistence of dominance depends upon the capability of a firm to maintain such a position after it has been able to acquire it. Yet most of the existing research has been relatively unsuccessful in identifying specific factors that are likely to allow any firm to effectively deal with all forms of competitive challenges over an extended period of time.<br>As such, the goals of this research were to investigate the persistence of dominance across several different types of industry contexts. On the whole, the results suggest that differences in the persistence of dominance can be linked to the characteristics of each industry context. In large part, these differences can be attributed to the strategies that must be pursued by the dominant firms in order to maintain the specific types of advantages that can be effectively used in each of the three types of industry contexts that could be identified.
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Li, Chih-Lin. "Propensity Score Matching in Observational Studies with Multiple Time Points." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313420291.
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Chatterjee, Kausik. "Mood after stroke : a cross-sectional case control study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438408.
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Jones, Bernard A. "Benchmarking organizational resilience| A cross-sectional comparative research study." Thesis, New Jersey City University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730739.
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<p> Our world continues to be impacted by large-scale disaster events. These severe disaster events create impacts that are shared across local, regional, and national boundaries. As a result, individuals, communities, and organizations are increasingly confronted with disasters that challenge their social, economic, and operational stability. To be resilient, individuals and communities rely on resources and services provided by organizations to enable each to plan for, respond to, and recover from disasters. If organizations are not prepared to respond to disasters, individuals and communities, in turn, will also not be prepared to respond to disaster events, as a consequence. Similar to the concept of civil defense prominent during the Cold War era, civil security is now required in the present day, pointing to the need for individuals, communities, and organizations to better prepare our nation by enhancing resilience. Resilient organizations also provide a competitive advantage over organizations that do not implement measures to become more resilient, yet many organizations do not know their resilience posture, and, in turn, struggle to prioritize resilience or allocate resources to enhance their resilience. To help enable organizations to invest in their resilience, it is important for organizations to discover and understand their organizational resilience score. </p><p> This research extends prior research that developed a methodology and survey tool for measuring and benchmarking organizational resilience. Subsequent research utilized the methodology and survey tool on organizations in New Zealand, whereas this research study utilized the methodology and survey tool to study organizational resilience within the state of New Jersey as part of a comparative study. The results obtained from previous research were compared against organizational resilience data captured on New Jersey based organizations. Survey data created from this research provide valuable information on organizational resilience strengths and weaknesses that can enable New Jersey based organizations to learn their organizational resilience posture and begin to develop a business case for additional investment in organizational resilience. </p>
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Oudah, Alsafa. "Medication Reconciliation : Electronic medication list discrepancies – Cross sectional study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178901.
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Concannon, James Peter. "A cross-sectional study of engineering majors' self-efficacy." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6050.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hoang, Susan. "Stress Among Undergraduate Distance Learners: A Cross-Sectional Study." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1196.
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There are many changes undergraduate students face when they transition to the college environment, including vacations and an increase in academic workload. Past research has found that both gender and year of study impact level and sources of stress in undergraduate students who attend traditional brick and mortar institutions. However, the relationship between gender, year of study, and stress levels in undergraduate distance learners has not been well studied. Based on the cognitive theory of emotions, this quantitative study examined what undergraduate distance learners perceive as stressful, whether or not gender and year of study impacted these stressors and whether or not there was an interaction between gender and year of study. The Higher Education Stress Inventory (HESI) and a demographic questionnaire were administered to undergraduate students enrolled in distance education (USEDE) who were in Year 1 or Year 4 of their program (N = 321). A 2-way analysis of variance was used to examine the overall stress levels among USEDE in Year 1 or Year 4 of their programs, gender difference effects on stress levels, and the interaction between year of study and gender. No statistical differences were found in overall stress levels between USEDE who were in Year 1 and USEDE who were in Year 4 of their programs (F(1,84) = .679, p = 0.410, η2 < .001). There was no interaction between year of study and gender (F(1, 317) = 0.187, p = .666, η2 < .001). There was a statistical difference between overall stress scores between males and females USEDE (F(1,84) = 31.442, p < .001, η2 = .09). This study contributes to the field of higher education by providing details around what USEDE perceive as causes of stress, as reported on the HESI, and will bring about a level of awareness among staff, administration, and distance education students.
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Battle, Paula C. "Identity and intimacy development across adolescence, a cross-sectional study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0021/NQ32876.pdf.
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Bramlage, Peter, David Pittrow, Hendrik Lehnert, et al. "Frequency of albuminuria in primary care: a cross-sectional study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-106780.
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Background: We aimed to assess the point prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in a sample of unselected consecutive primary-care attendees, with particular focus on patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without additional concomitant diseases) and those with hypertension.
Design: Cross-sectional observational study in a nationwide representative sample of 1912 primary-care practices and a patient population consisting of 39 125 primary-care attendees. Diagnoses for diabetes, hypertension and co-morbidities were provided by the treating physician and complemented by blood pressure (BP) measurements and selected lab tests. Screening for microalbuminuria (>20 and <200 μg/ml) was done with a spot urine dipstick test.
Results: The clinical diagnosis of nephropathy was assigned to 7.6% of patients. The point prevalence of MAU was 19.0% in the total sample; the proportion was 33.6% in diabetics whereas the diagnosis was assigned to only 7.1% in the total sample. Amongst diabetic patients with MAU, 92.6% had BP above the target value of < 130/80 mmHg. Frequency rates rose with increasing BP (e.g. 20.6% in diabetic patients with BP< 120/70 mmHg, and 36.3% in diabetic patients with BP > 140/90 mmHg). Of note, patients with MAU had a higher burden of co-morbidity compared to those without MAU.
Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of MAU in primary care, particularly in diabetic patients. The frequency of MAU was closely related to the BP level and the degree of co-morbidity. The present study underlines the magnitude of the problem of MAU in primary care, and should serve as a starting point to initiate measures to address this important public health issue.
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Muller, Anna Petronella. "Burnout amongst primary health care nurses : a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86590.
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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The imbalance between job demands and available resources could cause burnout which may impact quality patient care. A scientific investigation was conducted to evaluate burnout amongst primary health care (PHC) nurses. The objectives for the study were to identify the prevalence of burnout amongst PHC nurses and to explore the contributing factors to burnout in PHC settings.
The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2007:309) was used as a conceptual framework for the study.
A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach was applied. The population and sample consisted of professional nurses (PN) and clinical nurse practitioners (CNP) (n=72) in the Eden District of the Western Cape. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data in an uncontrolled, natural environment.
Analysis of the results exposed high levels of burnout amongst PHC nurses. Nurses in PHC facilities all had an equal chance to develop burnout, regardless of their level of experience. The occurrence of burnout is equal in community health centres and in community clinics, although a trend was observed that subjects in community clinics may experience more emotional exhaustion.
Work pressure, workload or an increase in job demands, lack of organisational support and management problems were rated as the main factors contributing to burnout. Recommendations were made to improve the working environments of PHC nurses in order to increase motivational levels, job satisfaction and to foster work engagement, as well as to reduce levels of burnout. Opportunities for further research are recommended.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wanbalans tussen beroepseise en beskikbare hulpbronne kan uitbranding veroorsaak en gevolglik kwaliteit patiëntsorg beïnvloed. ‘n Wetenskaplike studie is gedoen om uitbranding onder primêre gesondheidsorg (PGS) verpleegkundiges te evalueer. Die doelstellings van die studie was om die voorkoms van uitbranding onder PGS-verpleegkundiges te identifiseer, en om die bydraende faktore wat aanleiding gee tot uitbranding in PGS-instellings, te ondersoek.
Die Beroepseise-Hulpbronne model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2007:309) is as ‘n konsepsuele raamwerk vir die studie gebruik.
'n Nie-eksperimentele, beskrywende dwarssnit studie met 'n kwantitatiewe benadering, is toegepas. Die populasie en die steekproef het bestaan uit professionele verpleegkundiges en kliniese verpleeg praktisyns (n=72) in die Eden Distrik van die Wes-Kaap. ‘n Self-rapport vraelys was gebruik om data in ‘n ongekontroleerde, natuurlike omgewing te versamel.
Die analisering van resultate het hoë vlakke van uitbranding onder verpleegkundiges in PGS-dienste ontbloot. Verpleegkundiges in PGS-fasiliteite het almal 'n gelyke kans om uitbranding te ontwikkel, ongeag die vlak van ondervinding. Die voorkoms van uitbranding is dieselfde in gemeenskaps-gesondheidsentrums en gemeenskapsklinieke, alhoewel daar ‘n neiging sigbaar was dat personeel in gemeenskapsklinieke meer emosionele uitputting ervaar.
Werkdruk, werklas of toename in beroepseise, die gebrek aan organisatoriese ondersteuning en bestuursprobleme is aangewys as die hoof redes wat aanleiding gee tot uitbranding. Voorstelle is gemaak om die werksomgewing van PGS-verpleegkundiges te verbeter en om motiveringsvlakke en werkstevredenheid te herstel. Dit sal werksverbintenis versterk en die voorkoms van uitbranding beperk. Geleenthede vir verdere navorsing is aanbeveel.
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Bramlage, Peter, David Pittrow, Hendrik Lehnert, et al. "Frequency of albuminuria in primary care: a cross-sectional study." Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26698.
Full textAbstract:
Background: We aimed to assess the point prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in a sample of unselected consecutive primary-care attendees, with particular focus on patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without additional concomitant diseases) and those with hypertension.
Design: Cross-sectional observational study in a nationwide representative sample of 1912 primary-care practices and a patient population consisting of 39 125 primary-care attendees. Diagnoses for diabetes, hypertension and co-morbidities were provided by the treating physician and complemented by blood pressure (BP) measurements and selected lab tests. Screening for microalbuminuria (>20 and <200 μg/ml) was done with a spot urine dipstick test.
Results: The clinical diagnosis of nephropathy was assigned to 7.6% of patients. The point prevalence of MAU was 19.0% in the total sample; the proportion was 33.6% in diabetics whereas the diagnosis was assigned to only 7.1% in the total sample. Amongst diabetic patients with MAU, 92.6% had BP above the target value of < 130/80 mmHg. Frequency rates rose with increasing BP (e.g. 20.6% in diabetic patients with BP< 120/70 mmHg, and 36.3% in diabetic patients with BP > 140/90 mmHg). Of note, patients with MAU had a higher burden of co-morbidity compared to those without MAU.
Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of MAU in primary care, particularly in diabetic patients. The frequency of MAU was closely related to the BP level and the degree of co-morbidity. The present study underlines the magnitude of the problem of MAU in primary care, and should serve as a starting point to initiate measures to address this important public health issue.
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Swift, Samantha. "Mentoring of first generation college students| A cross-sectional quantitative study." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585525.
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<p> This quantitative study explored the perceived value of mentoring among mentors and mentees in the Partners for Success Program at California State University, Long Beach. Aspects of academic success were compared between mentees and randomly selected undergraduates not in the program. The sample size was 271 (27 mentors, 136 mentees, and 108 other undergraduates). A self-administered online survey measured values of mentoring, social support, and self-efficacy. GPAs were self-reported. Mentees valued career help significantly more than mentors. Both groups rated teaching, career counseling, and trust most highly. European Americans had significantly higher social support scores than Latino/Hispanics. Among mentees, self-efficacy was positively correlated with academic performance. It is recommended that academic mentoring programs focus their efforts on fostering trust and providing advisement. Special attention should be paid to the availability of social capital, especially among ethnic minorities. </p>
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Nadell, Jason Alexander. "Ontogeny and adaptation : a cross-sectional study of primate limb elements." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12504/.
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How primates achieve their adult skeletal form can be ascribed to two broad biological mechanisms: genetic inheritance, where morphological characters are regulated by an individual's phenotype over development; and plastic adaptation, where morphology responds to extrinsic factors engendered by the physical environment. While skeletal morphology should reflect an individual’s ecological demands throughout its life, only a limited amount of published research has considered how ontogeny and locomotor behaviour influence limb element form together. This thesis presents an investigation of long bone cross-sectional shape, size and strength, to inform how five catarrhine taxa adapt their limbs over development, and further, evaluate which limb regions more readily emit signals of plasticity or constraint along them. The sample includes Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobatidae and Macaca, subdivided into three developmental stages: infancy, juvenility and adulthood. Three-dimensional models of four upper (humerus and ulna) and lower (femur and tibia) limb elements were generated using a laser scanner and sectioned at proximal, midshaft and distal locations along each diaphysis. Three methods were used to compare geometry across the sample: 1) principal and anatomical axis ratios served as indices of section circularity, 2) polar section moduli evaluated relative strength between limb sections and 3) a geometric morphometric approach was developed to define section form. The results demonstrated that irrespective of taxonomic affinity, forelimb elements serve as strong indicators of posture and locomotor ontogenetic transitions, while hindlimb form is more reflective of body size and developmental shifts in body mass. Moreover, geometric variation at specific regions like the midhumerus was indistinguishable across all infant taxa in the sample, only exhibiting posture-specific signals among mature groups, while sections like the distal ulna exhibited little or no intraspecific variation over development. Identifying patterns of plasticity and constraint across taxonomic and developmental groups informs how limb cross-sections either allometrically or isometrically scale their form as they grow. These findings have direct implications to extant and extinct primate research pertaining to body mass estimation, functional morphology and behavioural ecology.
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Lambert, Tracy. "CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODS AND PROJECT PERFORMANCE." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/56.
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Agile software development methods, characterized by delivering customer value via incremental and iterative time-boxed development processes, have moved into the mainstream of the Information Technology (IT) industry. However, despite a growing body of research which suggests that a predictive manufacturing approach, with big up-front specifications, detailed estimates, and speculative plans applicable to manufacturing domains, is the wrong paradigm for software development, many IT organizations are still hesitant to adopt agile approaches (Larman, 2004).
This study extends research based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003) into the domain of business processes. Specifically, processes related to the `behavioral intent' to adopt agile software development methods. Further, it investigated relationships between adoption and the impact on project performance attributes.
A sample was obtained from a population of IT practitioners from within the IT industry. The sampling frame consisted of members from the global Software Process Improvement Network (SPIN) chapters, Agile User Groups, and I.T. industry conference promoters and presenters. Independent variables included performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, with the dependant variable being behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods. The independent variable of agile software development adoption and dependent variables of project performance were also included as well as predictive models relating adoption to on-time delivery of project functionality and stakeholder satisfaction.
The variables in the study were measured via a 65-item questionnaire based on previous scales, and tested to ensure validity and reliability. The research questions were developed to identify correlations between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and the behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods. Additional questions measured the correlation between adoption and key project performance attributes.
The research found positive correlations between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods, positive correlations between adoption and on-time delivery of project functionality and stakeholder satisfaction, and weak positive correlations with post delivery defects and project success rates.
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Thompson, Robyn. "A retrospective, cross-sectional study of an in-home breastfeeding programme." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2014. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/5f94121cd676f81751f13e610ee259d944421a18e878105423e8a3d76f3c6afd/73127241/THOMPSON2014.pdf.
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Background: Breastfeeding complications impact on the woman’s ability to initiate and sustain breastfeeding. A local government in-home breastfeeding programme was established to provide support for breastfeeding women after hospital discharge. A purpose built database to record maternal-infant data was piloted during 2001-2003 and data continued to be collected until 2007. This thesis reports on the analysis of the data collection 2003-2007, including demographic information, presenting complications, observational, diagnostic and photographic data. Research Questions: What were the main characteristics and experiences of the women with breastfeeding complications who presented for professional assistance through the Darebin In-Home Breastfeeding programme? What are the implications for breastfeeding women and midwifery practice, from the analysis and findings of this data? ...
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Kidman, Gillian C. "Middle years school students' area judgement rules: A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36667/1/36667_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This study explored Years 4, 6 and 8 students' understanding of the area concept. In particular, it identified and explained students' intuitive judgement rules, that is, the method by which a person integrates information about perceived stimuli when comparing area of rectangular and near-rectangular regions when no length dimensions were given.
The study was based on the work of Anderson and Cuneo (1978) and the method of Information Integration Theory (IIT). IIT is a technique that classifies area judgement rules as additive, Area = Height + Width, where salient dimensions are added, or multiplicative, Area = Height x Width where salient dimensions are added.
Thirty-six students aged 9 to 13 years, twelve at the beginning, 12 at the middle, and twelve at the end of the area-formulae instructional sequence (Years 4, 6 and 8), were given three exercises. The first exercise involved the students estimating the sizes of rectangular regions on a graphic rating scale. The second and third exercises also involved estimation and the graphic rating scale, but used near-rectangular regions. An additional exercise containing area calculation tasks similar to those found in many text books and classrooms was also presented to the students.
The results of the study found that approximately one half of the students perceived area as being related to the sum of the rectangle's linear dimensions. Such students perceived that doubling the lengths of the sides of a rectangle doubles the area and were referred to as predominantly 'additive thinkers'. In estimating the size of rectangular regions, these students showed a preference for three strategies: vertical alignment of the test piece, use of a ruler (to measure the test piece), and use of the index finger (to measure the test piece informally). They also did not attempt many of the area calculation tasks, and for the ones they did attempt, they concentrated on boundary counting. Boundary counting included either grid line counting around the four sides of the figure or a count of the spaces around the four sides of the figure.
The proportion of additive students remained largely the same across the Years. That is, the students at the end of the area-formulae instructional sequence who had increased levels of instruction had not advanced beyond the students in the middle of the area-formulae instructional sequence. These students in turn did not appear to have advanced much beyond the capability exhibited by students at the start of the area-formulae instructional sequence. It was clear, particularly from the classroom tasks, that many of these students experienced confusion between area and perimeter irrespective of their level of area-formulae instruction. However, the proportion of students exhibiting additive thinking reduced for the near-rectangular regions. These regions appeared to divert some students' attention from the linear dimensions to the surface area of the regions.
Students who think multiplicatively in terms of their judgements of area were equally likely to use a form of perimeter to calculate area as were students who think additively in terms of area. Students who used a predominantly multiplicative integration of the stimulus cues should have been capable of correctly using multiplication to calculate the area of rectangles from the dimensions of the rectangles. This was found not to be the case in the area calculation tasks closely resembling classroom textbook area formula exercises. Over 65% of the multiplicative students were found to add the salient dimensions. They seemed to employ an additive integration of the dimensions indicating confusion with perimeter. Most students who employed multiplicative judgement rules were found to be more likely to draw a diagram and be able to calculate the area than students who employed additive judgement rules.
The majority of students experienced 'intra-individual' rule changes. In the case of the additive thinkers, for one of the three exercises they thought multiplicatively. Similarly for the multiplicative thinkers for one of the three exercises they thought additively. The area calculation task strategies for the additive thinkers and the multiplicative thinkers in this group were the same. They attempted all tasks and these attempts included calculations of perimeter, half perimeter as well as calculations of area through direct 1 to 1 counting of the congruent sub-regions. Computational errors also prevented these students from obtaining a correct area solution. For this group also, there was a lot of confusion between area and perimeter.
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Kim, Jiyoung. "Entrepreneurship is no longer the young’s game? a cross-sectional, cross-country study of senior entrepreneurship." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107545/5/Jiyoung_Kim_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the considerable variation in the rate of seniors’ entrepreneurial activity across countries. Building on institutional theory, this research investigates the impact of public expenditures, related to seniors’ health, pension, and education, on their entrepreneurial activity, mediated by the actual outcomes of public expenditures, measured with health status, poverty rate, and educational attainment of seniors. By suggesting that the institutional arrangements might trigger start-ups driven by particular motives (necessity vs. opportunity), this thesis provides new insights into seniors’ participation in entrepreneurial activities empowered by specific institutional factor.
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Fuente, Adrian. "Auditory damage associated with solvent exposure evidence from a cross-sectional study /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b4020375x.
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Paisley, Angela Nicole. "A cross-sectional study of the cardiovascular system in patients with acromegaly." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529195.
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陳嘉乾 and Ka-kin King Chan. "Alcohol and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40733920.
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Meehan, Sean Alphonsus. "Market orientation : values, behaviours, performance; a cross sectional study of UK businesses." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267702.
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Rule, Sarah Jane. "A cross-sectional study of french interlanguage development in an instructional setting." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364750.
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Agbalalah, Tari. "Vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease risk : a RCT and cross-sectional study." Thesis, University of Chester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620602.
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Given the strong evidence for a beneficial role of vitamin D in diabetes and CVD pathogenesis, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation has been advocated for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. To provide information on the effects of 5,000IU (125µg) vitamin D3 on cardiometabolic risk, a double blind, RCT in a cohort of overweight and obese UK adult males with plasma 25(OH)D concentration < 75nmol/L for a duration of 8 weeks was conducted. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first RCT to investigate the effect of 5,000IU (125µg) vitamin D3 on cardiometabolic markers in vitamin D insufficient, non-hypertensive and non-diabetic overweight and obese adult males.
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Small, Tamara. "Workplace Violence Prevention Training: A Cross-sectional Study of Home Healthcare Workers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595850151324948.
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Arteaga, Zarate María de Guadalupe, and Olivares Gina Elizabeth Demarini. "Type 2 diabetes and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656152.
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Objective: To determine the association between diabetes mellitus type 2 and anxiety symptoms using a population-based study from the semi urban population of Tumbes, Peru.
Research design and methods: The present study was an observational, analytical cross-sectional one. Data from a population-based study conducted in Tumbes, Peru between 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. The variables studied were T2DM, defined using fasting glucose and anxiety symptoms, using the Goldberg scale.
Results: Data from 1609 individuals was analyzed, with mean age 48.16 (SD:10.61) and 810 women (50.3%), where a total of 161 were classified as having T2DM (10.0%; CI 95%: 8.5%-11.4%) and 675 individuals had anxiety symptoms (41.95%; CI 95%:39.5%-44.3%). A statistically significant association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms (p <0.001). Furthermore, those patients aware of their diagnosis of diabetes over 5 years had a 56% (95% CI: 25% - 96%) higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to participants without DM2.
Conclusion: An association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms; there being a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms in participants previously aware of having DM2. Periodic monitoring of anxiety symptoms is recommended in these patients.<br>Objetivo: Determinar si existe una asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síntomas de ansiedad usando un estudio de base poblacional en la zona de Tumbes, Perú.
Material y Métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal analítico. Se analizaron los datos procedentes de un estudio realizado en Tumbes, Perú entre los años 2016 al 2017. Las variables de interés fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como exposición; medido con glucosa en ayunas, y síntomas de ansiedad como variable resultado, evaluado usando la escala de Goldberg.
Resultados: Se analizó 1609 individuos con edad media de 48,16 (DE:10,61) y 810 mujeres (50,3%); donde un total de 161 participantes padecían de DM2 (10,0%; IC 95%: 8,5%-11,4%) y 675 participantes (41,95%; IC95%:39,5%-44,3%) tenían síntomas de ansiedad. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001); más aún, aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mayor a 5 años tenían 56% (IC 95%: 25% - 96%) mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en comparación con los participantes sin DM2.
Conclusión: Se encontró asociación entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad; habiendo mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en los participantes previamente conscientes de padecer DM2. Se recomienda hacer un seguimiento periódico de los síntomas de ansiedad en estos pacientes.<br>Tesis
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Tomy, Amitha Therese. "Sleep disturbances among immigrants in Sweden : A cross-sectional online survey study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104570.
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Introduction: adequate sleep is essential to maintain a healthy life. Inadequate sleep causes various health impacts. The Centers for disease control and prevention (CDCP) from the USA announced in 2015 that sleep disorders and insufficient sleep are global health epidemics. Globally, immigration has risen especially in Sweden compared to past decades. Immigration is one of the factors of social determinants of health. Since immigration show an increasing trend, it is necessary to give much attention to the sleep health of immigrants in a health science context. Aim: The main purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among immigrants in Sweden. Method: Cross-sectional survey study conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires online. Results: the prevalence of sleep disturbance among immigrants in Sweden was 69.16% (n=83). The most common self-identified factors associated with sleep disturbance were stress (62.4%, n=73) as psychological factors and high room temperature (48.3%, n=58) as environmental factors Conclusion: These findings show the necessity of taking immediate action to prevent further sleep consequences and climate change effects because of the increasing immigration trend. Future research studies can focus more on interventions that could control the impact of climate change-related sleep disturbances.
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Olsen, Nynne. "Functional outcome for older adults with movement disabilities : A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52819.
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Background: Previous research have found that different factors have associations with the level of function. Only few studies investigate the population of older adults with movement disabilities. Objective: The objective was to investigate how childhood socioeconomic status, education, gender, rural/urban living, and cohort affects functioning in late adulthood for people with movement disabilities. Six hypotheses were tested. Method: The sample was selected from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, and consisted of n=69 older adults with self-reported movement disability, mean age 78 years. They have all participated in motor function testing, which is an objective measure of function. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and binary logistic regressions were performed. Result: No significant difference were found between low/high childhood socioeconomic status, low/high education, men/women, rural/urban, and early/late cohort. Associations were found between age, urban living, later cohort and poorer functional level. Conclusion: The results indicate that the older adults from Sweden aging with a movement disability might have equal opportunity to develop and maintain functional ability. The participants all have a movement disability and it is possible that the disability is the main factor determining the functional level.
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Chan, Ka-kin King. "Alcohol and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults a cross sectional study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40733920.
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Nilsson, Magnus, and Tobias Sandberg. "Mutual Love and Attachment : A cross-sectional dyadic study exploring asymmetrical love." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85619.
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The overarching question of the study was how common mutual love is, and to what extent attachment relates to relationship asymmetries. Four research questions and four hypotheses were posed and explored using a cross-sectional survey design with data analyzed using quantitative methods. Instruments were employed to measure passionate love, companionate love, partner value, emotional involvement and attachment. All four hypotheses found partial support. The main result show that a) asymmetries are relatively common on all scales b) mutual love means increased satisfaction, but mainly for women c) for most couples partners take turn at being the strong link, and this fluctuating dynamic leads to increased satisfaction c) attachment anxiety is related to asymmetries in romantic obsession rather than general passion d) avoidance in men relate to asymmetries in passionate love whereas avoidance in women relate to asymmetries in companionate love e) it seems common to have some form of positive illusions about whether one’s relationship is mutual or not. Finally, disagreeing about emotional involvement affects satisfaction more than actual asymmetries in love. The conclusion drawn is that honest communication is more important than mutual love.
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Gunnink, Abigail M. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Student-Athlete Needs Satisfaction and Well-Being." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1985.
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Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), the purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effects of the social environment, as defined by the divisions of the Department of Athletics, on student-athletes' perceptions of basic needs satisfaction, (b) the effects of basic needs satisfaction on well-being, and (c) the effects of time demands, during in-season and off-season, on well-being, among student-athletes at Portland State University (PSU). Participants were student-athletes at PSU (n = 118). The participants completed a multi-section survey assessing basic needs satisfaction and well-being. Cumulative mean scores highlighted the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs as an indicator of positive well-being. The satisfaction of the need for competence emerged as the most important predictor of well-being. In-season time demands may contribute to a lower degree of well-being. The findings suggest that particular aspects of the social environment may be relevant for nurturing the basic psychological needs. The results also emphasize the importance of satisfying the three basic psychological needs in order to create an atmosphere that contributes to positive well-being.
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Uyamasi, Kido, Kesheng Wang, and Kiana R. Johnson. "Family Size and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/28.
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Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refers to a group of auto-immune conditions involving joint inflammation that first appears before the age of 16. In the United States, about 294,000 children are affected. Although JIA can be widely attributed to genetic factors, the consensus is that environmental factors also play a role. Attempts to assess the role of environmental factors, though scarce, have focused on the role of infections, smoking exposure, and breastfeeding. Hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that adaptive immunological response improves with higher frequencies of pathogen exposure in early childhood, has been used to try to explain the risk of JIA. Common markers of microbe exposure in early life include sibling number, pet number, and maternal parity. Some prior studies conducted outside the U.S. suggests that increasing sibling number is protective against the risk of JIA. This study aimed to evaluate prior findings, using data from the U.S. Methods: The study used data from the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Survey for Child Health. The survey used a sample size of 21599 children to estimate the number of children in the U.S. Descriptive statistics was carried out, and logistic regression was used to determine the association between family number and the odds of developing JIA, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Family number was used as a proxy for sibling number. SAS v 9.4 was used for analysis. Results: Complete data on all the variables of interest were available for 17618 children, of which 67 had JIA. Although there was a marginal association between sibling number and JIA in the unadjusted model (OR [95% CI] 0.983-1.602) (P=0.068), in the adjusted model, there was no significant association between JIA and sibling number ([OR 95% CI] 0.8985-1.447) (P=0.29). There was a significant association between JIA and age, low birth weight, highest education level in the family, while sex had a marginal association. Conclusion: There was no association between family size and the development of JIA in this study. While some prior results have supported the observed significant effect of low birth weight, the disparity in results between this study and the Australian study could be due to the use of family number instead of sibling number. Further studies should assess the association of sibling number and developing JIA in the U.S.
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Joshi, Paliza. "Use of cognitive enhancing substances by University students: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/361.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of use of cognitive enhancing substances (such as caffeine containing products and beverages and prescription stimulant drugs) amongst students at Curtin University. Further, to determine the potential for adverse effects from their use.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving students attending the Curtin University. A sample of students was randomly selected and students were presented with an information sheet explaining the purpose and design of the study as well as their role in the study. Once they gave verbal consent to participate, they were requested to complete a questionnaire. All the completed questionnaires were entered into a dataset on a computer using the SPSS software, and analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS version 17 and SAS statistical software packages for Microsoft Windows. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages or means and standard deviations. The cross-tabulation, chi-square statistic and ANOVA were used to assess the statistical significance of difference.The survey included questions regarding demographics, caffeine (consumption, reasons for use, side effects following its consumption) and prescription stimulants (use, reason for use and side effects following consumption). Further, data was collected on the perceived effectiveness of the cognitive enhancing substances by students and their level of caffeine consumption.Results: The final dataset included 526 students out of which 94.5% of surveyed students reported that they drank caffeine containing beverages. Tea and coffee were found to be the most common sources of caffeine followed by soft drinks and energy drinks. The average daily caffeine intake was estimated to be 3.0mg/Kg/day on normal days and 3.8mg/Kg/day on exam days. Females were found to consume slightly more caffeine than males. Also, there was higher caffeine intake by smokers than non-smokers.Regarding energy drinks, a greater percentage of males than females were found to consume energy drinks. The students studying health related courses were less likely than those from other faculties to consume energy drinks. Similarly, there was significant association between the smoking status and energy drinks consumption.The most frequent adverse effects experienced by students were jolt and crash followed by insomnia, and headache following caffeine intake. Moreover, more students experienced side effects following high doses of caffeine as compared to moderate and low doses. The most common self-reported reasons for consuming caffeine containing products were: to boost their energy and while studying for exams or completing major projects, and to counteract lack of sleep.Of all the respondents only 4% (n=21) reported that they used prescription stimulants (other than caffeine). Approximately 3% used stimulants together with caffeine on both normal and exam days. The prevalence of taking prescription stimulants was higher in students consuming higher doses of caffeine. The most common reported reasons for use were to improve concentration and to get high (equal percentage of 66.7% students). Most of the students stated that they experienced insomnia after the prescription stimulants intake. They also reported experiencing jolt and crash. Most of the students perceived that cognitive enhancing substances are effective in improving their energy levels.Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students in this sample were found to consume caffeine containing products. The study demonstrated that cognitive enhancing substance use was increased around times of academic stress. The students taking high doses were at higher risk to side effects. As a greater proportion of students consumed high doses of caffeine during exam period, more were at risk of adverse effects. Only a small percentage of students reported use of other stimulants, but importantly, this was more common amongst high consumers of caffeine. Further studies at other universities are required to confirm the findings of this study.
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Herrmann, Susan E. "A cross-sectional study of the peripheral circulation in patients with nephrosis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2160.
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Background: Lipid abnormalities are a common feature of the nephrotic syndrome that is also characterised by oedema, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and hypercoagulability. Concern has arisen over the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease that has been reported in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, particularly since the syndrome may occur early in life and become a chronic illness. The presence of proteinuria is a prognostic indicator for the progression of renal disease, but its possible contribution as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with nephrotic syndrome is not known. In contrast, disordered lipoprotein metabolism, in isolation, is a conventional risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. An early phase of atherosclerosis, vascular endothelial dysfunction, has been identified. Endothelial function can be measured non-invasively using ultrasonography and plethysmography allowing the impact of risk factors to be assessed in vivo.Aim: To test the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction occurs in the nephrotic syndrome primarily as a consequence of dyslipidaemia.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to study vascular function of the peripheral circulation in 45 individuals: fifteen patients with nephrosis (NP), 15 control subjects with primary hyperlipidaemia (HL) and 15 normolipidaernic controls (NC). The groups were matched for age, gender and body mass index. The NP group and the HL group had similar serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. High-resolution ultrasonography assessed endothelial function of the brachial artery. This non-invasive technique measured post- ischaemic flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTNMD). Post-ischaemic microcirculatory function was measured using venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography.Results: Post-ischaemic FMD of the brachial artery was significantly lower in the NP and HL groups, compared with the NC group, with no significant difference found between the former two groups. There were no significant differences in GTNMD of the brachial artery, or in microcirculatory responses. In the patients with nephrosis, non-esterified free fatty acids were inversely associated with FMD, and maximal blood flow with insulin resistance.Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with nephrosis and provides a plausible basis for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in individuals with nephrotic syndrome.
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Herrmann, Susan E. "A cross-sectional study of the peripheral circulation in patients with nephrosis." Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10084.
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Background: Lipid abnormalities are a common feature of the nephrotic syndrome that is also characterised by oedema, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and hypercoagulability. Concern has arisen over the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease that has been reported in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, particularly since the syndrome may occur early in life and become a chronic illness. The presence of proteinuria is a prognostic indicator for the progression of renal disease, but its possible contribution as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with nephrotic syndrome is not known. In contrast, disordered lipoprotein metabolism, in isolation, is a conventional risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. An early phase of atherosclerosis, vascular endothelial dysfunction, has been identified. Endothelial function can be measured non-invasively using ultrasonography and plethysmography allowing the impact of risk factors to be assessed in vivo.Aim: To test the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction occurs in the nephrotic syndrome primarily as a consequence of dyslipidaemia.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to study vascular function of the peripheral circulation in 45 individuals: fifteen patients with nephrosis (NP), 15 control subjects with primary hyperlipidaemia (HL) and 15 normolipidaernic controls (NC). The groups were matched for age, gender and body mass index. The NP group and the HL group had similar serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. High-resolution ultrasonography assessed endothelial function of the brachial artery. This non-invasive technique measured post- ischaemic flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTNMD). Post-ischaemic microcirculatory function was measured using venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography.Results: Post-ischaemic FMD of ++<br>the brachial artery was significantly lower in the NP and HL groups, compared with the NC group, with no significant difference found between the former two groups. There were no significant differences in GTNMD of the brachial artery, or in microcirculatory responses. In the patients with nephrosis, non-esterified free fatty acids were inversely associated with FMD, and maximal blood flow with insulin resistance.Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with nephrosis and provides a plausible basis for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in individuals with nephrotic syndrome.
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Cheung, Miao-miao. "Sleep patterns of secondary school students in Hong Kong a cross-sectional study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971593.
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Gardiner, Christopher J. "Large Area Sintering Test Platform Design and Preliminary Study on Cross Sectional Resolution." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7026.
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Additive manufacturing involves the layer-wise patterned addition of material to create 3D parts, allowing for parts with complex geometries that traditional subtractive manufacturing processes cannot create, while offering good value for low run production parts by eliminating the cost of tooling. Large Area Sintering is a form of powder based additive manufacturing where entire layer cross sections are heated and fused in a single continuous exposure process. This layer by layer powder sintering process is similar to selective laser sintering, but by heating the cross section at a slower and controllable rate there is an opportunity to achieve tighter control over thermal history. This thesis discusses the design, construction, and validation of a large area sintering test platform, as well as a preliminary study on feature resolution. A key component of this system was the integration of an infrared camera, allowing point-wise temperature control of the sintering cross section. There is a hypothesis that longer and controlled heating rates in Large Area Sintering (in comparison to Selective Laser Sintering) would allow the capability to process a wider range of materials, and give more control over the resulting final part properties. The test platform created a repeatable test environment, and successfully demonstrated the capability for point wise temperature control of the sintering cross section, enabling the ability to examine the effects of slower controlled heating rates. Available power on the system was 2.22 W/cm2 for heating, with a temperature control loop time of 160 – 180 ms. The results of the preliminary study on feature resolution also suggested a positive correlation between point wise closed loop temperature control and improved feature resolution, giving motivation for further study.
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Makurumidze, Richard. "Factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe : cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79913.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Access to antiretroviral therapy has been gradually increasing in resource limited settings, Zimbabwe included. Despite the increasing access to antiretroviral therapy quite a number of patients are still delaying to seek antiretroviral therapy. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy.
A survey was conducted at Parirenyatwa Hospital Opportunistic Infections/Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic from September and November 2012. A total of 80 participants starting antiretroviral therapy who met the criteria were included in the study. The inclusion criteria included patients 18 years above but less than 65 years, no prior history of antiretroviral therapy and eligibility for antiretroviral therapy based on CD4 count or World Health Organisation clinical staging. An interviewer administered questionnaire containing demographic, socio-economic and health-facility factors were used to collect data. Four weeks was used as a cut off point for delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy.
The majority of participants (60%) delayed seeking antiretroviral therapy and the factors which were associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy included female gender; lack of a partner; low level of education; low socio-economic status; treatment of opportunistic infections; extra laboratory tests on top of the CD4 count tests; not being on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis; not being referred for antiretroviral therapy by the testing site; stigma and discrimination. However disclosure was not associated with early seeking of antiretroviral therapy. Health system factors such as attitude of health care workers, shortage of staff and long waiting times were also identified as bottlenecks to patients seeking antiretroviral therapy early.
Efforts to increase early starting of antiretroviral therapy should focus on addressing the referral system from testing sites to antiretroviral therapy initiating sites, improving efficiency of antiretroviral initiating sites, increasing point of care HIV & AIDS diagnostics tools and addressing patient‟s concerns such as stigma & discrimination.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie Geleidelik is steeds in hulpbron beperkte omgewing, Zimbabwe ingesluit. Ten spyte van die toenemende toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie 'n hele aantal van die pasiënte is nog steeds vertraag antiretrovirale terapie te soek. Die doel van die studie was om faktore te ondersoek wat verband hou met vertraging in die soek van antiretrovirale terapie.
'n Opname is by Parirenyatwa-hospitaal opportunistiese infeksies / antiretrovirale terapie Clinic van September en November 2012. 'N totaal van 80 deelnemers begin antiretrovirale terapie wat met die kriteria wat in die studie ingesluit is. Die insluiting kriterium was pasiënte ouer as 18 jaar maar minder as 65 jaar, geen geskiedenis voor antiretrovirale terapie en in aanmerking kom vir antiretrovirale terapie gebaseer op CD4-telling of Kliniese stadiëring Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Was 'n onderhoudvoerder vraelys met demografiese, sosio-ekonomiese faktore en gesondheid-fasiliteit wat gebruik word om data in te samel. 4 weke is gebruik as die afsny punt vir die vertraging in die soeke na antiretrovirale terapie.
Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (60%) antiretrovirale terapie en die faktore wat verband hou met die vertraging in die soek na antiretrovirale terapie is vertraag te soek vroulike geslag, gebrek van 'n vennoot, lae vlak van onderwys, 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese status, behandeling van opportunistiese infeksies; Ekstra laboratoriumtoetse op die top van die CD4-telling toetse nie op Cotrimoxazole Profilakse, nie vir antiretrovirale terapie verwys deur die toets site, stigma en diskriminasie. Egter openbaarmaking wat nie verband hou met die vroeë soek van antiretrovirale terapie. Gesondheid stelsel faktore soos houding van gesondheidsorgwerkers, tekort aan personeel en lang wagtye, is ook geïdentifiseer as knelpunte aan pasiënte op soek na vroeë antiretrovirale terapie
Pogings om te vroeg begin van antiretrovirale terapie Verhoog Indien Fokus op die verwysingstelsel van die toets sites tot antiretrovirale terapie Inisiëring sites, verbetering van doeltreffendheid van antiretrovirale Inisiëring sites, Verhoog Punt van Care MIV & VIGS diagnose tools en aanspreek van die pasiënt se Kommer Soos stigma en diskriminasie.
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Cheung, Miao-miao, and 張苗苗. "Sleep patterns of secondary school students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971593.
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Li, Wenjia, and 李汶嘉. "Dietary flavonoids and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657443.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:
Cognitive impairment (CI) in older adults refers to impairment in cognition function
beyond normal aging. Previous studies have reported the effect of dietary antioxidants,
especially flavonoids on cognitive function in older adults, suggesting that high
dietary flavonoids intake may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. However, most
of these studies were reported in Caucasian older populations in Western countries.
Moreover, some studies were positive, which others were negative studies. There was
no previous study regarding dietary flavonoids and cognitive impairment among
Chinese older adults.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to explore the association between dietary
intake flavonoids and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and to
identify the independent factors associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in
Chinese older adults.
Method:
This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 patients who fulfilled the
inclusion and exclusion criteria and gave written informed consent were recruited
from the Geriatric clinics in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, from 11th July to 31st
October 2011. All recruited subjects were invited to attend face-to-face interviews.
Brief cognitive assessments by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were done for all subjects. Every subject
also answered a detailed questionnaire on socio-demographic, type and frequency of
diet items (food frequency questionnaire) and co-morbid diseases.
Main outcome measure:
The primary outcome measure was cognitive function, using an education-adjusted
MMSE cut-off s to categorize the subjects into two groups (i.e. normal cognitive
group and cognitively impaired group).
Results:
200 subjects were recruited, 104 participants (37 males and 67 females) were in the
normal cognitive group and 96 subjects (22 males and 74 females) were in the
cognitively impaired group. The mean amount of dietary flavonoids intake of the
cognitively normal group was higher than that of the cognitively impaired group (i.e.
291.84 grams/day and 240.92 grams/day respectively; p=0.006 Mann-Whitney U test).
Other common dietary nutrients were also compared between the two groups. The
dietary carbohydrate (p<0.001), total sugar (p<0.001), vitamin C (p=0.001) and folic
acid (p<0.001) intakes were significantly related to cognitive impairment (using
chi-square statistics).
After adjustment for age, gender, education, exercise pattern, the dietary flavonoids
intake was not independently associated with cognitive impairment. However, after
adjustment for age, education level, exercise pattern and BMI, the higher to highest
quartile of dietary carbohydrate intake (184.184-1176.703g/d), high total sugar intake
(0.166-35.102g/d), highest quartile of vitamin C intake (139.803-900.952mg/d), the
third and fourth quartiles of folic acid intake (208.899-1544.418mcg/d) were
significantly associated with reduced risks of cognitive impairment. Older adults who
had regular exercise (both less and more than 30 minutes per day) had lower risk of
cognitive impairment than those who never did exercise (OR= 0.361, 95% confidence
interval=0.167-0.784 for less than 30 minutes/d; OR=0.137, 95% confidence
interval=0.048-0.396 for more than 30 minutes/d). We also found high BMI was
associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment with an OR of 0.897 (95%
confidence interval=0.816-0.987). Besides, the increasing age was also associated
with cognitive impairment (OR=1.059, 95% confidence interval=1.007-1.115).
Conclusion:
In summary, the present study demonstrated that the dietary flavonoids intake
was not significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese
older adults in Hong Kong.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Medicine<br>Master<br>Master of Medical Sciences
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Clenzos, N. "Sports physiotherapists' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pain a cross-sectional correlational study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3008.
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Chu, Zhihui. "Social Comparison on Facebook, Self-esteem, and Consumption Patterns: A Cross-sectional Study." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500472012044883.
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Potter, Stacey Renae. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Body Image Attitudes in Male Collegiate Club Athletes." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524001262403064.
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Minga, Timothy R. "Two-dimensional soft tissue changes from 10-35 years: a cross-sectional study." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155714207053924.
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Zhou, Haigong. "Cross sectional and time series analysis of individual stock volatility : an international study /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202004%20ZHOU.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.