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Journal articles on the topic 'A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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U Gopan, Greeshma. "Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations Following COVID-19 Disease-A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Journal of Communicable Diseases 56, no. 01 (2024): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202411.

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Sandru, Florica, Alina Turenschi, Andreea Teodora Constantin, Alexandru Dinulescu, Andreea-Maria Radu, and Ioana Rosca. "Infantile Hemangioma: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Life 13, no. 9 (2023): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13091868.

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(1) Background: With an incidence of 4–10%, infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most encountered benign tumors in infancy. Low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, female sex, multiple gestations, and family history of IH are some of the statistically proven risk factors for developing IH. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of IH in our clinic and its connection to maternal and perinatal factors. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, over three years (2020–2022), at the Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Prof. Dr. P. Sârbu”, in Bucharest, Romania. (3) Results: During this period, 12,206 newborns were born and we identified 14 infants with infantile hemangioma. In our study, the prevalence of infantile hemangioma was 0.11%. The prevalence of IH in pregnancies obtained through in vitro fertilization was 1%, in twin pregnancies it was 2.27%, and in those with placenta previa, it was 4.16%. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provide a solid image of the prevalence of IH in our country and underline that the development of IH is strongly connected to maternal and perinatal variables, such as: preterm newborns, in vitro fertilization, high blood pressure, anemia, hypothyroidism, placenta previa, and twin pregnancy.

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., Gulamnabi, P. Sudarshan, and Ramesh Hosmani. "Incidence of Penis Carcinoma: Observation Cross Sectional Study." New Indian Journal of Surgery 9, no. 4 (2018): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.9418.2.

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Almomani, Basima A., Nour A. Al-Sawalha, Shaher M. Samrah, Jacqueline M. Gamble, and Miral A. Al Momani. "Asthma insights from Jordan: cross-sectional observational study." Journal of Asthma 53, no. 4 (2016): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2015.1121493.

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Alkureishi, Maria Alcocer, Zi-Yi Choo, Gena Lenti, et al. "Clinician Perspectives on Telemedicine: Observational Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Human Factors 8, no. 3 (2021): e29690. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29690.

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Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic onset, telemedicine has increased exponentially across numerous outpatient departments and specialties. Qualitative studies examining clinician telemedicine perspectives during the pandemic identified challenges with physical examination, workflow concerns, burnout, and reduced personal connection with patients. However, these studies only included a relatively small number of physicians or were limited to a single specialty, and few assessed perspectives on integrating trainees into workflows, an important area to address to support the clinical learning environment. As telemedicine use continues, it is necessary to understand a range of clinician perspectives. Objective This study aims to survey pediatric and adult medicine clinicians at the University of Chicago Medical Center to understand their telemedicine benefits and barriers, workflow impacts, and training and support needs. Methods In July 2020, we conducted an observational cross-sectional study of University of Chicago Medical Center faculty and advanced practice providers in the Department of Medicine (DOM) and Department of Pediatrics (DOP). Results The overall response rate was 39% (200/517; DOM: 135/325, 42%; DOP: 65/192, 34%); most respondents were physicians (DOM: 100/135, 74%; DOP: 51/65, 79%). One-third took longer to prepare for (65/200, 33%) and conduct (62/200, 32%) video visits compared to in-person visits. Male clinicians reported conducting a higher percentage of telemedicine visits by video than their female counterparts (P=.02), with no differences in the number of half-days per week providing direct outpatient care or supervising trainees. Further, clinicians who conducted a higher percentage of their telemedicine by video were less likely to feel overwhelmed (P=.02), with no difference in reported burnout. Female clinicians were “more overwhelmed” with video visits compared to males (41/130, 32% vs 12/64, 19%; P=.05). Clinicians 50 years or older were “less overwhelmed” than those younger than 50 years (30/85, 35% vs 23/113, 20%; P=.02). Those who received more video visit training modalities (eg, a document and webinar on technical issues) were less likely to feel overwhelmed by the conversion to video visits (P=.007) or burnt out (P=.009). In addition, those reporting a higher ability to technically navigate a video visit were also less likely to feel overwhelmed by video visits (P=.02) or burnt out (P=.001). The top telemedicine barriers were patient-related: lack of technology access, lack of skill, and reluctance. Training needs to be focused on integrating learners into workflows. Open-ended responses highlighted a need for increased support staff. Overall, more than half “enjoyed conducting video visits” (119/200, 60%) and wanted to continue using video visits in the future (150/200, 75%). Conclusions Despite positive telemedicine experiences, more support to facilitate video visits for patients and clinicians is needed. Further, clinicians need additional training on trainee education and integration into workflows. Further work is needed to better understand why gender and age differences exist. In conclusion, interventions to address clinician and patient barriers, and enhance clinician training are needed to support telemedicine’s durability.

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Sedgwick, P. "Bias in observational study designs: cross sectional studies." BMJ 350, mar06 3 (2015): h1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h1286.

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Dalal, Asha, Ashwin Shetty, Rakshitha Shetty, Aashish Contractor, and Mehezabin Dordi. "Postpartum depression: a prospective observational cross-sectional study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 3 (2023): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230523.

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Background: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression in the puerperium and offer referrals to counsellor/mental health practitioner for at risk patients Methods: Sample size was 214 patients and duration of study was 1 year, it included all deliveries at HN reliance foundation hospital. It excluded women with pre-existing mental health problems or neurological disease on medications and those who declined participation. On day 7 and day 42 post-delivery the women were phoned and asked questions from the Edinburg postnatal depression scale which is a validated questionnaire. Interpretation used was; EPDS ≥13 or saying yes to question no 10, with depression and EPDS <13 without depression. Those identified with depression were appropriately referred. Results: Patient identified to be depressed were more likely to have perceived complications during delivery (p=0.02), problems with lactation (p=0.035), hospital stay of more than four days (p=0.002). There was no statistical association with help available and place where the mother stayed post-discharge. Conclusions: Out of 213 study participants, 32 study participants (15.02 percent) had post-partum depression. This was prevalent among those that felt their delivery was complicated, those with lactation difficulties and those with hospital stay of more than 4 days. The prevalence of post-partum depression at our hospital was significantly high to institute routine use of EPDS for new mothers.

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Riya, Patel, Dangi Ashwin, Joshi Himanshu, and Patel Parth. "Study of Fever in Neonates: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 10 (2023): 306–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11247655.

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Background and Aim: Due to immature thermoregulation system in newborn and lack of heat producing mechanism like shivering, newborn are more prone to hypothermia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate complete clinical profile in arriving at various etiologies of fever in neonates. Material and Methods: The present study is observational cross sectional study which was carried out at Nootan General Hospital with aim to identify the cause of fever in early neonatal days and to study clinical and socioeconomical profile of the newborn having dehydration fever. Sample size include 30 admitted newborn presented to our newborn care unit with fever between March 2023 to August 2023. Detailed clinical history, antenatal history, birth history and feeding history was taken to find out contributing factors to fever.  Full physical examination of newborn was done. More than 6% weight loss from birth weight per day was considered significant Status of hydration was noted and RFT with electrolytes were sent for dehydration. Results: Out of 30 newborns presented with fever, 6 newborn had positive CRP hence considered septic in this study. Rest 24 newborns were studied for the factors contributing to their fever and their clinical presentation. Out of 24 newborn, 75% (18) have primi mother, 66.66% (16) had inadequate feeding, 79.16%(19) of them were belongs to lower socioeconomical status and 29.16%(7) have uneducated mother. Out of 24 newborn with fever, 70.83% (17) newborn had significant weight loss, 62.50% (15) had decreased urine output and 37.50% (9) newborn had altered RFT in term of raised creatinine and 42%(10) had raised serum sodium level. Conclusion: As dehydration is a very common and serious complication during the post-natal period especially between 3rd to 5th days of life. As it’s a preventable, it is very crucial to educate mother about feeding techniques, good latching and to do regular new born assessment in initial few days of life of newborns.

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Nalla, Sushmitha, Kavyarani C, and Rathnamma P. "Association of Intrapartum Fetal Distress and Immediate Postpartum Foetal Acidemia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 14, no. 4 (2025): 1641–45. https://doi.org/10.21275/mr25419014029.

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Perumal, Saradha Kandasamy, Sarankumar Sudhakar, and Mithra Sampathkumar. "A cross-sectional observational study on child sexual abuse." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 5, no. 4 (2019): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20194661.

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Background: A child sexual abuse (CSA) incident never comes into limelight unless it is a rape, probably because it could be an asymptomatic event causing only an emotional trauma or due to fear of revealing. It has been observed that sexually transmitted infections (STI) are in increasing trend among adolescents due to early sexual maturity, increased promiscuity and sexual offenses.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out for a group of 774 school children between the age group of 14-17 years using a structured questionnaire to estimate the level of unreported child sexual abuse and sexual awareness. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in this study (SPSS 21.0).Results: It was observed that 5.5% of children had been abused among which 37.3 % and 62.7% were males and females respectively. 11.1% and 6.25% were abused in penetrative, 59.25% and 43.75% in non-penetrative forms among female and male victims respectively. Abusers were mainly family and friends (25.5%) followed by strangers (23.2%). 25.3% of unaffected and 27.9% of affected was aware of POSCO law. 88.3% of affected and 62.3% of unaffected rated good and above for the questionnaire.Conclusions: Unreported and silent victims have to be identified and addressed to prevent crimes and provide a safer environment for children. Implementation of POCSO law at the root level with sex education must be strengthened. Our study concluded that CSA is an extensive problem and even the lowest prevalence includes a huge number of victims who still need to be considered.

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AKPINAR SÖYLEMEZ, Burcu, Özlem KÜÇÜKGÜÇLÜ, and Bilgehan ÖZKAYA. "PREVALENCE OF PHYSICAL RESTRAINT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY." Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 23, no. 3 (2020): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2020.175.

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Kalra, Suprita, S. K. Dey, R. Shankar, and Madhuri Kanitkar. "Antibiotic Prophylaxis for VCUG: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 87, no. 3 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-03166-1.

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Nandkeoliar, Tanya, Ashish Kumar, Sachidananda Chungkham, and Sinam Subhaschandra Singh. "Estimation of vestibular depth: An observational cross-sectional study." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 27, no. 3 (2023): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_293_22.

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Ravish, Kumar Sinha, M. Narhare Pandurang, and Kumar Sandeep. "Effect of Perceived Stress on Electrocardiographic Parameters of Female Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 2365–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13318483.

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Background: The relationship between perceived stress and cardiac health is an area of growing concern, particularly among health professionals who experience high levels of stress. Understanding how stress affects electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters can provide insights into the cardiovascular risks faced by this population. Aim: This study intends to investigate the effect of apparent stress on electrocardiographic parameters in female health professionals. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study, led which examined the effect of perceived stress on ECG parameters in 180 female health professionals aged 25-60 years. Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and ECG parameters were recorded using a standard 12-lead ECG machine. Participants were recruited from various hospital departments to minimize selection bias. Statistical analysis, including Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression, was performed using SPSS version 21.0 to determine relationships between stress levels and ECG parameters, adjusting for confounders like age, BMI, and work experience. Results: The study found that higher levels of perceived stress among female health professionals were significantly associated with an increased heart rate and a decreased PR interval. Specifically, perceived stress had a reasonable +ve association with heart rate (r = 0.52) and a reasonable negative association with PR interval (r = -0.35). These associations remained significant after adjusting for BMI and age. No noteworthy correlations were observed between perceived stress and other ECG parameters such as QRS duration, QT interval, and ST segment. The findings emphasize the importance of stress management to reduce cardiovascular risks in this population. Conclusion: Perceived stress is associated with adverse changes in ECG parameters among female health professionals. These changes indicate a potential increased risk for cardiac events in this population. Recommendations: Interventions to manage stress, such as mindfulness training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and workplace stress reduction programs, should be implemented to mitigate these risks. Regular monitoring of ECG parameters in stressed health professionals is also recommended to identify and manage early signs of cardiac stress.

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D, Anudeep, Singampalli M, and Kumar AE. "Assessment of Hematological and Biochemical Abnormalities in Malaria Patients: Insights from a Cross - Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (2023): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23824222105.

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Zangirolami-Raimundo, Juliana, Jorge De Oliveira Echeimberg, and Claudio Leone. "Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 3 (2018): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.152198.

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In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. In this type of scientific research the researchers did not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observed in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense.

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Karambelkar, Geeta R., Sudhir D. Malwade, Disha Kewalramani, Sharad R. Agarkhedkar, and Shiji S. Chalipat. "AMBIENT NOISE AND NEONATAL HEMODYNAMICS - AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." Indian Journal of Child Health 5, no. 10 (2018): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.2018.v05.i10.007.

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Dean, Jonathan M. E., Fredericka Deare, Keizel Kydd, Jennie Ward-Robinson, and Paul R. Hunter. "Rainwater harvesting in rural Trinidad; a cross sectional, observational study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 4 (2012): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.102.

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Rainwater harvesting is a well-established practice in many parts of the world. In the right environment it can provide a convenient, inexpensive and sustainable source of potable water. This study explored rainwater collecting system use within rural Trinidadian communities. Data regarding participants' demographic details, water practices, health- and water-related beliefs were collected from six separate regions late in 2009 using a purpose designed questionnaire. The findings, obtained from the 1,523 study participants resident in 292 households were analysed. Almost half (130) of the participating households utilised rainwater as their main supply although some found it necessary to switch to alternative sources during dry periods. The majority of participants (478) who harvested rainwater were very satisfied with the quality of their water and relatively few (212) were concerned that it may pose a risk to their health. Rainwater harvesting systems are well established in Trinidad and are well accepted by those who use them. Further research is needed to establish why more households do not adopt this technology as alternative sources remain inconsistent and inadequate in many respects. These findings will assist individuals and government agencies in making informed decisions when planning and managing water sources on the island.

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Agarwal, Sanjeev, and Arpit D. Joshi. "Perioperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional observational study." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 5 (2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20201857.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has now become the gold standard in treatment of benign gall bladder disease. The intraoperative and immediate postoperative complication cannot be disregarded and remain of concern. The study aims to evaluate the perioperative complications of LC in patients undergoing the surgery.Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this prospective analytical study from a June 2017 to September 2019. They were adequately evaluated and underwent LC in General surgery department of Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur. The relevant clinical details of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results: Among the patients who underwent LC, majority were females. In case of 86 patients, LC was done due to chronic calculous cholecystitis. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open was 6%. The most frequent intraoperative complication was trocar site bleeding and liver bed injury, 7%, followed by bile leakage from gallbladder 6%, bleeding from calots triangle in 4% and spilled gallstones in 2% cases. There was no case of injury to common bile duct, bowel injury or major vascular injury. Amongst the post-operative complications, wound infection was in 1% case. No perioperative mortality was present. The overall rate of complication was 18%.Conclusions: LC is a safe and effective procedure in almost all patients presenting with symptomatic gallbladder disease and remains one of the most frequently performed laparoscopic operations. It has a low rate of mortality and morbidity making this operation a safe procedure with favourable results.

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Giraudeau, N., C. Duflos, C. Moncayo, et al. "Teledentistry and forensic odontology: Cross-sectional observational comparative pilot study." Forensic Science International 326 (September 2021): 110932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110932.

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Sumit Thakur, Ashish Varma, Sachin Damke, Revat Meshram, and Bhavana Lakhkar. "Developmental Status With Malnourished Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4259.

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A balanced diet leads to a good state of health. In India, pediatric malnutrition accounts for 22 per cent of the country's disease burden. Nutrition has a profound effect on the development of brain structure and function, and malnutrition may contribute to disease and developmental impairment in later life. The developmental evaluation assesses individuals' skills and potential. This study aimed to determine the relationship of protein-energy malnutrition with motor development and cognition among malnourished children. The research was designed as a cross-sectional observational study in the pediatric malnourished population at Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, India. The study included the children between 6 months to 5 years with Grade II, III and IV malnutrition, who was admitted in the pediatric ward and excluded those with Neurological problems, syndromes and chronic diseases affecting development. Developmental assessment of patients was done using DASII (Developmental assessment of Indian infants) scale minimum 1 week after recovery of the child from acute illness. Pearson’s chi-square test was used for calculating the statistical significance. The developmental assessment was done using DASII scale in 273children. Only 14.80% of children had normal mental DQ in grade II, whereas motor DQ was normal in 29.78% of grade II children. None of the patients with grade III and IV had normal mental or motor DQ. Mental development is more affected due to malnutrition than motor development, and the impact increases with increasing severity.

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Kopiczko, Anna, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, and Monika Łopuszańska-Dawid. "Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys: Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010245.

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Physical inactivity of children can be a precursor of reduced bone mineral density, considered to be a typical problem only in old age. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density in 96 Polish boys aged 14–17 years with varied physical activity (swimmers, track and field athletes, non-athletes) and the effect of bone composition, birth weight and breastfeeding during infancy on bone parameters. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed according to the kinanthropometric standards. Bone parameters of the forearm were measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the infant’s birth weight and the length of breastfeeding were collected during direct interviews with mothers. The strongest links with bone parameters were found for the type of physical activity and birth weight. Regardless of birth weight, track and field athletes had the most advantageous bone parameters (mainly sT-score prox values). Swimmers with normal or low birth weight had less favourable sT-score prox values than non-athletes. The type of physical activity proved to be an important determinant of bone parameters. Childhood and adolescence are important periods of bone development and increasing the content of bone mineral components, and the bone status in later years of life depends to a large extent on this period. The perinatal period, especially the correct birth weight of the child, not only has a significant effect on general health, but also on bone status.

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Chen, Xiao, Zhen Fan, Dong Chen, Liang Wang, Liang Chen, and Chao-Gan Yan. "Intracranial neurophysiological correlates of rumination: A cross-sectional observational study." Medicine Plus 1, no. 3 (2024): 100048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medp.2024.100048.

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Bal, Dr Baljinder Singh. "Personality traits and cricket players: A cross-sectional observational study." Journal of Sports Science and Nutrition 5, no. 2 (2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27077012.2024.v5.i2b.271.

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Gupta, Bharti, Shekhar Gupta, Minal Chaudhary, A. Thirumal Raj, Kamran Habib Awan, and Shankargouda Patil. "Hematological alterations in lepromatous leprosy: A cross-sectional observational study." Disease-a-Month 66, no. 7 (2020): 100919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.100919.

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Ofori, Emmanuel Kwaku, Egyam Bill Clinton, Obed Danso Acheampong, et al. "Biochemical markers of nephrotic syndrome: An observational, cross-sectional study." Heliyon 9, no. 4 (2023): e15198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15198.

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Spitznagel, Mary Beth, Margaret W. Gober, and Karlee Patrick. "Caregiver burden in cat owners: a cross-sectional observational study." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 1 (2023): 1098612X2211458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221145835.

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Objectives Caregiver burden has been found in owners of seriously ill pets; however, research to date has been heavily represented by dog owners. Prior caregiver burden work has neither intentionally focused on cat owners nor been appropriately powered to examine differences in owners of cats relative to owners of dogs. We expected that owners of an ill cat would exhibit greater caregiver burden than owners of a healthy cat but lower burden than owners of an ill dog. Methods A cross-sectional online assessment of caregiver burden was completed by 1085 pet owners through a pet demographic audience platform, including 333 owners reporting on a cat with current illness, 492 owners of a healthy cat and 260 owners of dogs with a current illness. Results Owners of an ill cat, examined across all illnesses represented, had greater burden ( P <0.001) than the owners of a healthy cat and somewhat lower burden ( P = 0.013) than owners of an ill dog. Conclusions and relevance Caregiver burden is present in owners of an ill cat and may differ from that of dog owners. Future work is needed to determine the reasons underlying this difference between species. Given that restricted sample sizes precluded examination across specific conditions, it will also be important to determine whether particular diseases yield greater burden in cat owners relative to dog owners.

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Helliwell, J. A., B. Shelton, H. Mahmood, et al. "Transparency in surgical randomized clinical trials: cross‐sectional observational study." BJS Open 4, no. 5 (2020): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs5.50333.

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Petre, Gabriel Cosmin, Francesco Francini-Pesenti, Andrea Di Nisio, et al. "Observational Cross-Sectional Study on Mediterranean Diet and Sperm Parameters." Nutrients 15, no. 23 (2023): 4989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15234989.

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Infertility, affecting 15 to 25% of couples in the most developed countries, is recognized by the World Health Organization as a public health issue at a global level. Different causes are acknowledged to reduce fertility in both sexes. In particular, about 40–50% of cases recognize a male factor. Dietary habits and lifestyle are acknowledged to influence sperm quality and are therefore important modifiable factors in male reproductive health. Conditions such as overweight/obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and determinants of metabolic syndrome, together with unhealthy lifestyle behavior, i.e., smoking cigarettes and physical inactivity, are suggested to have a negative impact on male fertility. While individual elements and characteristics of the Western diet and habits are considered risk factors for male infertility, the Mediterranean diet (MD) seems to promote reproductive potential for improving sperm quality. It is also interesting to note that previous observational studies reported a positive correlation between the consumption of the single food classes of the MD pattern (i.e., vegetables and fruits, poultry, fish and seafood, whole grains, low-fat dairy products) and the quality of several sperm parameters. To evaluate the relationship between sperm parameters and MD adherence, we performed a cross-sectional study on the seminal data of 300 males (mean age 34.6 ± 9.1 years) who spontaneously referred to our center of reproductive medicine. The evaluation of adherence to MD was performed with a validated 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. Our findings showed that sperm parameters such as sperm count, motility, viability and normal morphology are significantly and positively correlated with MEDAS, independently of BMI and age. In addition, the application of an ROC curve on MEDAS value vs. seminal alterations identified 6.25 as the score threshold value below which altered sperm parameters were more likely to occur [AUC = 0.096 (CI: 0.059–0.133; p < 0.00)]. Therefore, adhering to the MD with at least a MEDAS score of 6.26 increases the probability of normozoospermia. Moreover, subjects who had a MEDAS value lower than 6.25 had an Odds Ratio of 6.28 (CI = 3.967–9.945) for having at least one altered sperm parameter compared to those who were more adherent to the MD. In conclusion, our findings show that a higher adherence to the MD is associated with better semen parameters, in particular in relation to sperm count, sperm concentration, typical sperm morphology, and sperm progressive motility.

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Deepak, Kumar, Kumar Jha Tejendra, and Akhtar Ansari Kafeel. "A Cross-Sectional Observational Study on Adolescents Disordered Eating Behaviour." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 5 (2023): 824–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582160.

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Background: Adolescence is a moment when people are more influenced by fitness ideals and therefore more susceptible to eating problems. Eating disorders are characterised by serious abnormalities in eating behaviour. For both men and women, eating disorders are serious mental and physical issues that can have fatal outcomes. The current cross-sectional study looked at adolescent eating disorder behaviour and gender differences in eating disorder. Methods: From July 2022 to January 2023, 150 adolescents (75 males and 75 females) enrolled in 11th and 12th grade and between the ages of 15 and 18 were randomly chosen from a variety of intermediate colleges in the Sitamarhi district of Bihar. A general demographic survey and the short version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were both given to respondents to gauge their attitudes towards and preoccupations with food, dieting, eating, physical appearance, and personal control over food. Results: Respondents were divided into low risk (0–19) and high risk (20 or more) groups based on the scoring. The results showed that 14.67% of male and 23.67% of female had eating disorders and had EAT-26 scores that were greater than the recommended cutoff point. Female also had higher EAT-26 scores than male. Conclusion: Adolescents problems with eating disorders are on the rise, and the findings show that many of them have disrupted eating habits.

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Jerry, P. Mathew. "Personality Correlates of Marital Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." MAR Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychology 7, no. 6 (2024): 13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10487617.

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Abstract The Big Five personality traits—conscientiousness, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism constitutes  a comprehensive framework used to understand individual differences. In the context of marital satisfaction, the big five personality traits could play a significant role in influencing different aspects of marital life. The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between the Big Five Personality factors and marital satisfaction. The study also explored the differences between men and women in these variables. A total of 140 participants, including 70 married males and 70 married females aged 25 to 40, were selected for the study. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and marital satisfaction was assessed using the Couple Satisfaction Inventory (CSI-32). Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the relationships between personality traits and marital satisfaction. t-test test was used to analyze gender differences in personality traits and marital satisfaction. Conscientiousness and extraversion showed positive correlations with marital satisfaction, suggesting that individuals with these traits can experience higher levels of contentment in their marriages. However, neuroticism exhibited a significant negative correlation, suggesting that emotional instability may contribute to lower marital satisfaction. Further analysis of gender differences showed a significant difference between men and women in the variable agreeableness. There were no substantial variations in any other personality traits or marital satisfaction between men and women. Keywords: Marital Satisfaction, Big Five Personality Traits, Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

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Páska, Csilla, Imre Barta, Zsuzsanna Csoma, et al. "Alpha1-Antitrypsin in Lung Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 11 (2025): 5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115400.

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Major mutations of SERPINA1, the gene encoding alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT), are known to cause severe emphysema. Our study aimed to investigate the role of major mutations modulating A1AT levels in several lung pathologies and control groups. Blood samples were collected from healthy non-smokers (N0 = 85), healthy smokers (N0 = 291), healthy ex-smokers (N0 = 127), smokers with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD, N0 = 187), ex-smokers with COPD (N0 = 64), and patients with asthma (N0 = 194), interstitial lung disease (ILD) (N0 = 93), sarcoidosis (N0 = 30) and cystic fibrosis (N0 = 26). Clinical and respiratory parameters, A1AT levels, the extent of emphysema and comorbidities on low-dose CT scans were evaluated, and patients answered a smoking history and comorbidity questionnaire. A1AT single-nucleotide polymorphisms were determined for the S, Z, M2/M4, 0 and eQTL locations by SNP probes using real-time PCR. A1AT levels showed significant differences between cigarette smoke-induced and other lung diseases. Compared to controls, A1AT levels were found to be lower in sarcoidosis and increasingly higher in smokers and patients with COPD, ILD and CF, respectively. The presence and pattern of emphysema were found to influence A1AT levels: lower values were observed in COPD patients without emphysema, while higher values were observed in patients with central and panlobular emphysema. Antitrypsin levels increased with COPD GOLD stages and asthma GINA stages. Variable A1AT levels were also found in ILD subgroups. The distribution of variants at the S, Z, M2/M4 and 0 polymorphic sites and the eQTL location showed no significant differences between patient groups with impaired lung function, except for Z heterozygotes, which were prevalent in patients with severe asthma. The eQTL TT genotypes had higher A1AT levels and the occurrence of emphysema and/or bronchitis was increased. A1AT levels correlated with several clinical and respiratory parameters in pulmonary patients, while FEV1/FVC inversely correlated with levels of A1AT. Molar antielastase activity was increased in smokers and patients with lung diseases; however, in COPD, antielastase activity decreased. The most reduced antielastase activity could be found in CF. Certain genotypes were characterized by increased cardiovascular comorbidity scores and antitrypsin levels. Our data suggest that in addition to emphysema, A1AT may play an important role in the development of a wide variety of lung diseases and cardiovascular comorbidities. Further research is needed to clarify the role of A1AT and its regulation in lung pathologies.

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Chattopadhya, Dr Sourav. "A study of facial nerve palsy in a tertiary care hospital in south Rajasthan - A cross sectional observational study." Journal of Medical Science and clinical Research 12, no. 07 (2024): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i07.03.

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Introduction Face is the interpreter of emotions, mirror of soul, powerhouse of senses and wayfor communication. Facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve which serves vital functions of lacrimation, salivation, taste, hearing and facial expression. It necessitates urgent measures to understand the cause and nature of nerve injury and undertake immediate steps for restoration and rehabilitation of facial symmetry. About 90% of lower motor neuron facial nerve disorders- inflammatory, traumatic or neoplastic, happens along its intratemporal course. Over past two decades, many developments have been made. Newer technologies like radiology, electrodiagnostic study and emergence of intraoperative monitoring have been helpful. Complex course within the bony canal, congenital dehiscence, fine branching, interconnections, segmental blood supply, all these factors show significantly, heading towards causation and final result of insult to nerve. A list of etiologies commonly Bell's palsy, followed by Temporal bone fracture, Iatrogenic trauma, Herpes Zoster Oticus, Otitis Media (OM), Cerebellopontine (CP) angle or Intratemporal neoplasm (facial nerve Schwannoma), result in facial nerve paralysis. The nerve testing depends on determining the scale of distal axonal degeneration (electrodiagnosis), function of branches of the nerve (topo diagnosis) and radiologic guidance in indicated cases1. The pathways of the facial nerve are variable, and knowledge of the key intratemporal and extratemporal landmarks is essential for accurate physical diagnosis and safe and effective surgical intervention.

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Erni Yetti R, Zadrak Tombeg, and Anto J. Hadi. "Predisposisi Tuberkulosis Paru: A Cross Sectional Study." Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56338/jphp.v1i1.3651.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious disease and can affect various age groups and is experienced by many people with middle to lower-income. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis incidence. Analytical observational research with a cross-sectional study approach at Puskesmas Makale Utara, Tana Toraja Regency, was conducted for two weeks and conducted in October 2020. In this study, the population and sample were patients visited in one period at the Puskesmas through the accidental sampling method. Collecting data using a research questionnaire and data analysis using Chi-Square. The results showed that knowledge (p = 0.001), type of work (p = 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.000) were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The conclusion is that knowledge, type of work, and smoking habits predispose pulmonary tuberculosis incidence factors. So that patients can adopt a healthy lifestyle and consume nutritious foods.

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Singh Shuvendu Roy, Avinash. "Clinical and Etiological Profile of Children with Developmental Delay: An Observational Cross - Sectional Study from Eastern India." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 4 (2023): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/mr23413131226.

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Gupta, Surbhi, and Girija Wagh. "Evaluation of Aetiopathogenesis of Spontaneous Preterm Parturition Syndrome: A Cross Sectional Study." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.10222.11.

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Abstract Background: Preterm birth is the multifactorial condition of the pregnancy involving the same parturition pathway as term birth but the different outcome in terms of morbidity for both mother and fetus, various pathological process has been identified and need to be evaluated further. Aim: To evaluate the aetiopathogenesis of spontaneous preterm labour by analysis of maternal risk factors and placental abnormalities. Objectives: (a) To study the prevalence of spontaneous pre term labor in tertiary care centre. (b) To identify associated maternal factors both clinical as well as pathological as the probable cause of pre term labor. (c) To examine the placenta for any gross and his to pathological abnormalities associated with spontaneous pre-term labor. Settings and design: This is the cross sectional observational study carried out in a tertiary health care centre over 2 years from October 2019 to october 2021. Materials and methods: A cross sectional observational study consist of 255 pregnant women between the 20 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days of gestation fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected excluding the women iatrogenically induced for preterm birth. The methodology and relevance of the study were explained to the women and valid informed written consent was recorded. The ethical clearance for the study obtained from ethical review committee of the tertiary care centre. During the study duration, women presenting with preterm labor were observed till delivery whether delivered or not in our tertiary care centre and finally were included in the study. The following data were collected under the heading of age, occupation, height, weight, body mass index, parity, presenting complaints of pain in abdomen per vaginal leak, par vaginal bleed, high grade fever, headache, edema, epigastric pain, blurring of vision, palpitations vomiting, weight gain, gum bleeding breathlessness, burning micturation, increased frequency of micturation, itching over genital region, dark coloured urine also including the co-morbidites such as asthma, anemia, valvular heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disorder and preeclampsia. Detailed physical examination was done, blood pressure was measured with sphygnometer, detailed per abdominal examination done with the use of measuring tape to measure fundal height, abdominal circumference, all fungal grip were palpated, per speculum examination was done to look for per vaginum discharge, per vaginal bleeding, and the high vaginal swab was taken for further evaluation. In per vaginum examination cervical changes were seen like dilatation, effacement, length. The necessary laboratory findings were done includes complete blood count to look for haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, platelet counts, urine microscopic and culture sensitivity was done to analyse the infection. Later, after the delivery the placenta was send and histopathology examination was done. Conclusion: In our study we made an attempt to identify the risk factors and associated factors involved in spontaneous preterm labor. The study able to identify the risk factors which can be potentially used for predicting outcome. Keywords: Spontaneous preterm; Multifactorial.

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Puspa Zuleika and Legiran. "Cross-Sectional Study as Research Design in Medicine." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 3, no. 2 (2022): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v3i2.193.

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A cross-sectional study is an observational study that analyzes data from a population at one point in time. These studies are often used to measure prevalence in medicine, analyze health studies, and describe health characteristics. Unlike other types of observations, in a cross-sectional study, each research subject was only observed once, the measurement of research variables was carried out at the time of the observation, and no follow-up was carried out on the measurements made. These studies are less expensive and easier to perform and help establish preliminary evidence in planning further studies in the future. This article reviews essential characteristics, describes strengths and weaknesses, discusses methodological issues, and provides design recommendations and statistical analysis for cross-sectional studies.

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Vyawahare, Dr Minal M. "To Study Prevalence of Ocular Surface Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients and its Correlation with CD4 Count – a Cross Sectional Observational Study." Journal of Medical Science and clinical Research 13, no. 05 (2025): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v13i05.05.

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To determine prevalence of ocular surface diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients and its correlation with CD4 count a cross sectional observational study. A cross sectional observational study. The present observational study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute in Central India. There was a total of 233 Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients who were enrolled in this study and their prevalence was calculated for Ocular Surface Diseases which was also compared with their CD4+ cell count. Permission to conduct the study on Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients was taken from Maharashtra State Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Control Society and National Acquired immunodeficiency disease Control Organisation. Statistical analysis done using MSExcel2019 and Graph pad prism. The overall prevalence of OSD was 36.5% and that most common OSD found were DED, Blepharitis, and Conjunctivitis. Most of study participants with ocular surface diseases had CD4 cell count which was statistically significant. The present study determines the prevalence of ocular manifestations in the enrolled study participants who are Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive, where CD4 cell counts were found to be between low and very low for most of the study participants. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus positive participants, ocular surface diseases, CD4 cell count, dry eye disease.

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Pillai, Krishna Prasad Gopalakrishna, and Zeyar Win Naing. "Emergency Department Re-attendances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Cross-Sectional Analysis." Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 4 (2023): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311x.9423.4.

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Background: Emergency Department (ED) re-attendances are one of the clinical quality indicators to measure the quality of care delivered in the UK. There isn’t much information on ED re-attendance rates and reasons responsible for it during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to establish the ED re-attendance rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data for this single centre study was compiled from Symphony, the department’s electronic patient records. We chose the month of April 2020 for this study and subsequently followed up to 28 days for re-attendances. Only patients aged 18 years and older, presenting with COVID-19 symptoms who were discharged from ED were included (n=310). We also studied the hospital admission and mortality rates among the patients who had re-attended. Results: Of the 310, 65 (21%) patients re-attended the ED more than once within 28 days and 27.6% of them belonged to the 41-50 age group. 30 (46.1%) patients were males and 35 (53.8%) were females. The majority (44.6%) of them were of white ethnicity. Among the re-attendees, most of them re-attended only once and within 7 days. Most of the re-attended patients were discharged and only 21 (32.3%) patients had a hospital admission. Of the admitted patients, 6 (28.5%) died in the hospital. Of the patients who died, 5 had tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusions: ED re-attendances were significantly high during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the national average from previous years.

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Yadav, Manoj Kumar, Ashok Maan, S. S. Chaudhary, and Manisha. "Addiction behavior practiced by the Adolescent: An observational cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 1 (2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.004.

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Natalini, Eleonora, Alessandra Fioretti, David Riedl, Roland Moschen, and Alberto Eibenstein. "Tinnitus and Metacognitive Beliefs—Results of a Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010003.

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Recent research has highlighted the role of metacognitions as a moderator for psychological distress in patients with chronic diseases. The present study investigates the role of metacognitions and worry in the association between tinnitus distress, anxiety, and depression. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of tinnitus-outpatients who completed the Tinnitus-Handicap Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Penn-State-Worry-Questionnaire. Associations of metacognitions, worries, tinnitus distress, anxiety and depression were investigated using structural equation models (SEMs). A sample of n = 107 patients was included in the study. In the first SEM, tinnitus distress significantly predicted depression (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). In the second model, worries and meta-cognitions were added as moderators. The explained variance substantially increased for depression (46 to 53%) and anxiety (22 to 35%) and the association of tinnitus distress with depression (β = 0.57, p < 0.001) and anxiety was weakened (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Negative beliefs significantly predicted worries (β = 0.51, p < 0.001) and explained 41% of its variance. A good model fit for the final model was found (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98; (Tucker Lewis index) TLI = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067). Anxiety and depression in tinnitus patients might be influenced by worries, which is mainly predicted by negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worries. Thus, psychotherapeutic approaches focused on alterations of metacognitions in patients with tinnitus should be investigated in future studies.3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

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Maia, Ana Claudia C. de Ornelas, Arthur de Azevedo Braga, Flávia Paes, Sérgio Machado, Antonio Egidio Nardi, and Adriana Cardoso da Silva. "Psychiatric comorbidity in diabetes type 1: a cross-sectional observational study." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 60, no. 1 (2014): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.013.

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Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, i.e., the presence of signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in type 1 diabetic patients, as well as to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in insulin dependent patients. Methods A cross-sectional observational study of 110 diabetic outpatients (mean = 58.3, SD = 14.5; 50 male and 60 female) was conducted in a public health clinic with patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who were under the medical supervision of an endocrinologist. The patients were evaluated through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS). Results With respect to anxiety symptoms, we found a prevalence of 60% (n = 66) among patients, while in depression symptoms we found a prevalence of 53.6% (n = 59) concerning the 110 patients evaluated. More specifically, we found 28.2% (n = 31) of patients without depression or anxiety, 13.6% (n = 15) of patients with depression, 16.4% (n = 18) of patients with anxiety and 41.8% (n = 46) of patients with depression combined with anxiety. The most remarkable data were generalized anxiety disorder (22.7%), dysthymia (18.2%), panic disorder (8.2%) and social phobia (5.5%). Conclusion The need for accurate assessments about the presence of symptoms related to psychopathology in patients with type 1 diabetes is evident.

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Hussein, Wael F., Paul N. Bennett, Sumi J. Sun, et al. "Patient Activation Among Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Patient Experience 9 (January 2022): 237437352211122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735221112220.

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Patient activation is the product of knowledge, skills, and confidence that enables a person to manage their own healthcare. It is associated with healthy behaviors and improved patient outcomes. We surveyed prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients at 10 centers using the Patient Activation Measure 13-item instrument (PAM-13). Activation was reported as scores (0-100) and corresponding levels (1-4). Of 1149 eligible patients, surveys were completed by 925 patients (92% response rate). Mean age was 62 ± 14 years, 40% were female, median vintage was 41 (IQR 19-77) months, and 66% had diabetes. Mean PAM score was 56 ± 13, with 14%, 50%, 25%, and 10% in levels 1 to 4, respectively. In adjusted analysis, older age and having diabetes were associated with lower activation, whereas higher educational levels and female gender were associated with higher scores. Significant variation in activation was observed among participants from different centers even after adjustment for other variables. In conclusion, low activation is common among prevalent HD patients.

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Di Stasio, Dario, Antonio Romano, Marco Montella, et al. "Quantitative Ultrasound Analysis of Oral Mucosa: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (2022): 6829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12146829.

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(1) Background: Ultrasonography is gaining popularity as a diagnostic tool in the study of the oral mucosa. The precision of ultrasound has made it possible to identify the various layers, based on their echogenicity. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of healthy oral mucosa based on the analysis of greyscale, echo levels (dB), and attenuation values (dB/cm). (2) Methods: Thirty-three patients (17 females and 16 males; 58.42 ± 13.29 y.o) were recruited for this study. The images were acquired with the GE Logiq-e R7 with a linear probe at 18 MHz frequency (harmonic). For each tissue (epithelium, rete ridges, connective tissue, muscle, and bone), regions of interest were traced for the analysis of echo levels, grey levels, and attenuation values. One-way ANOVA and pairwise comparison were performed. (3) Results: Three-hundred and thirty images were analyzed. Analysis of echo levels and grey levels showed a significant difference between epithelium and rete ridges (p = 0.001), and between rete ridges and connective tissue (p = 0.001), but not between epithelium and connective tissue (p = 0.831) or connective and muscle layers (p = 0.383). The attenuation values appeared to be specific for each tissue layer (p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Quantitative analysis applied to ultrasound imaging of the oral mucosa allows the definition of specific tissue areas.

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Fantoni, Ilaria, Carlo Biz, Chenglei Fan, et al. "Fascia Lata Alterations in Hip Osteoarthritis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study." Life 11, no. 11 (2021): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111136.

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The present study compares the structure and composition of fascia lata in healthy subjects and in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA), to evaluate any differences in the amount of Collagen type I, Collagen type III, and Hyaluronan. Fascia lata samples from voluntary healthy subjects and patients with OA were harvested during surgery. Collagen type I (COL I), III (COL III) antibody, and biotinylated hyaluronan binding protein (HABP) immunohistochemistry stainings were used to evaluate fascial morphology and COL I, COL III, and Hyaluronan (HA) content in both groups. Ten samples from healthy subjects and 11 samples from OA patients were collected. COL I was significantly more abundant in the OA group (p = 0.0015), with a median percentage positivity of 75.2 (IQR 13.11)%, while representing only 67 (IQR: 8.71)% in control cases. COL III, with median values of 9.5 (IQR 3.63)% (OA group) and 17.10 (IQR 11)% (control cases), respectively, showed significant reduction in OA patients (p = 0.002). HA showed a median value of 10.01 (IQR 8.11)% in OA patients, denoting significant decrease (p < 0.0001) with respect to the control group median 39.31 (IQR 5.62)%. The observed differences suggest a relationship between fascial pathology and hip OA. The observed increase in COL I in OA patients, along with the reduction of COL III and HA, could lead to fascial stiffening, which could alter fascial mechanics and be linked to the development and symptoms of OA.

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Mesterton, J., A. Wimo, A. By, S. Langworth, B. Winblad, and L. Jonsson. "Cross Sectional Observational Study on the Societal Costs of Alzheimers Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 7, no. 4 (2010): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720510791162430.

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Sharan, Shambhavi, Sunil Gomber, and Kiran Mishra. "Iron Overload in Thalassemia Major: An Observational and Cross-sectional Study." International Journal of Contemporary Medicine 7, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-1032.2019.00004.4.

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Farahmand, Fatemeh, Mozhgan Sabbaghian, Sharareh Ghodousi†, Nasila Seddighoraee, and Mahdi Abbasi. "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Gut and Liver 7, no. 3 (2013): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2013.7.3.278.

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Pavan, Theo Zeferino, Martha Funabashi, José Ailton Oliveira Carneiro, et al. "Software for subjective visual vertical assessment: an observational cross-sectional study." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 78, no. 5 (2012): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1808-8694.20120008.

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Pechmann, L. M., T. H. Jonasson, V. S. Canossa, et al. "Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." International Journal of Endocrinology 2020 (October 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7841390.

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Background. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus paired controls (control group, CG) and the association between sarcopenia and chronic diabetes complications. Methods. Men and women ≥50 years with T2DM (T2DM group, T2DMG) were recruited during routine outpatient visits. Total body densitometry and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated in the T2DMG and CG, while the T2DMG was also evaluated for the physical performance using the gait speed (GS) test. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH). Results. The study included 177 individuals in the T2DMG and 146 in the CG. The mean HGS value was lower in the T2DMG (24.4 ± 10.3 kg) compared with the CG (30.9 ± 9.15 kg), p < 0.001 , with low HGS in 46 (25.9%) and 10 (9%) in the T2DMG and CG, respectively ( p < 0.001 ). The prevalence of sarcopenia defined according to the FNIH criteria was higher in the T2DMG 23 (12.9%) compared with the CG 8 (5.4%), p < 0.03 . The presence of albuminuria increased the odds of sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR) 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–7.68, p = 0.04 ) and osteoporosis (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.12–9.89, p = 0.03 ), even in patients with mild to moderate nephropathy. The body composition analysis showed increased odds of sarcopenia with increased percentage of total fat (%TF) in women (OR 1.18, 95% CI, 1.03–1.43, p = 0.03 ) and men (OR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.10–1.75, p = 0.01 ). Conclusion. Patients with T2DM presenting with albuminuria, osteoporosis, and increased %TF were more likely to have sarcopenia. This finding emphasizes the need for patients with T2DM to be evaluated for sarcopenia to allow for early implementation of measures to prevent or treat this disorder.

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