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1
Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.
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Lau, Chaak-ming, and 劉擇明. "Loanword truncation and optimal word length: evidence from Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664299.
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Alseweed, Mohammed Ali. "The effects and training on word-solving strategies of Arab EFL readers." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310061.
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Maeda, Masako. "Foreign accent modification: association among word emphasis and risk-taking for adult Japanese English-language learners." Diss., Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3637.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate possible associations between the application of word emphasis and risk-taking behaviors of adult Japanese English-language learners (ELLs) in the scope of foreign accent modification. The investigation was conducted through comparing 30 adult Japanese ELLs "first readings of a scenario with 30 age- and gender-matched native American-English speakers (NESs), the ELLs" first readings and second readings with an instruction to apply emphasis, and the ELLs' scores for a risk-taking questionnaire. Acoustical data were gathered from the recorded readings of the speakers for vowel duration, fundamental frequency (F0), and intensity of the pre-determined target words in the scenario. A second measurement tool involved seven listeners‟ evaluations of comprehensibility and foreign accentedness for each recorded token and their identification of the emphasized words.
Results indicated that there were no significant differences in vowel duration, F0, and intensity of the pre-determined target words between the ELLs‟ and NESs‟ first readings. Although the Japanese ELLs made significant increases in the three acoustical elements on the target words after receiving instruction to apply emphasis in their second readings, the listeners‟ evaluations of comprehensibility and foreign accentedness did not correlate with the changes. Also, no correlation was found between changes the ELLs made and their scores on the risk-taking questionnaire. The findings may provide additional perspectives for foreign accent modification in addition to conventional methods. Overall outcomes may also be beneficial to help the increasing number of nonnative English speakers be more comprehensible and adaptable for American society.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders
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Kiel, David. "Russia in Word and Deed: An Analysis of Russian Foreign Security Policy in the 21st Century." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339516106.
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Lauretig, Adam M. "Natural Language Processing, Statistical Inference, and American Foreign Policy." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562147711514566.
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Romanov, Yu. "The Model of an Electronic Edition of a Scientific Language Text-book for the Foreign Students Learning Russian." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2014. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21158.
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Furuhata, Takashi. "Exploring the relationship between English speaking subjects' verbal working memory and foreign word pronunciation and script recognition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7741.
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Bozzetti-Engstrom, Marie Linnea. "What's in a word?: Connotation in teaching English to speakers of other languages." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2078.
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This thesis focuses on connotative meaning routinely ignored or difficult to locate in the available ESL textbooks and dictionaries. This perceived absence led to the following study: a review of ESL textbooks, a review of standard monolingual English and learner dictionaries, and a survey of ESL instructors.
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Buchan, Greg Lynn. "Student Attitudes Toward Word Processing and Writing in the English as a Second or Other Language Classroom." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4873.
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This study examined the attitudes of English as a second or other language (ESOL) students who used computers/word processors to develop skills in writing English. Two primary questions were investigated: what are students' attitudes toward using computers to write English and what are students' attitudes toward learning computer and word processing skills? The subjects were 40 ESOL students enrolled at South Seattle Community College (SSCC) in technical programs and were required to complete a transitional English class that included business and technical writing . Students received 10 weeks of writing instruction on word processors. A 38-item attitude inventory created by Neu and Scarcella (1991) was used to measure students' attitudes toward ComputerAssisted Writing (CAW). An additional 13 questions helped identify subjects' native language, computer experience, and amount of time spent studying English. ChiSquare and t-test were used to examine the data. South Seattle Community College students' responses are reported and compared to Neu and Scarcella's ( 1991) results. The results of this study indicated that students' attitudes were significantly positive toward the writing process when using word processors. Foremost, students acknowledged that using a computer helped them develop confidence about their ability to write in English and they would recommend that other international students learn to use word processing for writing their papers. In addition, students' perceptions toward learning and developing personal computer (PC) skills were significantly positive. When SSCC data was compared to Neu and Scarcella's (1991) data, four statistically significant differences with respect to general attitudes towards writing emerged. Students stated that computers helped develop confidence in their ability to write (item I 0), helped them pay more attention to grammar (item 3 ), punctuation (item 33), and spelling (item 21). There were no statistical significant difference with respect to attitudes towards PC's: although SSCC students generally felt less positive about learning PC skills than their California counterparts.
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Chen, Selma Shu-Mei. "The effects of L1 word order and English proficiency on non-English speakers' sentence processing." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720150.
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This study is a partial replication of Davison & Lutz's (1984) experiment. It was designed to test if L1 word order and English proficiency are involved in non-native speakers' sentence processing. This study concentrates on the roles of syntax and pragmatics/semantics in sentence processing. By comparing two corresponding syntactic structures with similar meanings but different forms in context, we can detect the different degrees of the salient property of a certain NP. The perception of the salient NP is related to the definition of the sentence topic, which functions as the link between the sentence and the discourse. The salient NP can be identified by applying our linguistic knowledge, syntactic rules, and our real world knowledge, pragmatic principles,. The choice of syntactic structure is conditioned heavily by pragmatic principles. It is believed that response times correspond to the degrees of salience.Sixty international students participated in the experiment. Stimulus sentences were presented with a computer program and response times were recorded in seconds by the computer automatically. A cloze test was given for the measuring of English proficiency.The data collected were analyzed with SPSS-X. The MANOVA was carried out to compare the differences between VO/OV language types, target sentences (transformed and untransformed ones), five types of syntactic constructions, and the interactions ofword order by target sentences, target sentences by syntactic constructions, and L1 word order by target sentences by syntactic constructions. The response times for English proficiency were used as a post hoc variable. Significance was set at .05.The results revealed that there was a significant difference across five syntactic constructions (p < .05). The other tests were not significant. Two important limitations on this study are problems arising out of randomization parameters in the experiment, and the lack of lower level English proficiency subjects.<br>Department of English
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Huang, Yu-Chun. "The Influence of Speech Shadowing on English Word-initial Consonants Produced by Speakers of English as a Foreign Language." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785321.
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<p> The purpose of this research is to determine whether speech shadowing influences the values of voice onset time (VOT) of word-initial consonants, /b/, /p/, /t/, /d/, and /k/ in reading and speaking conditions after a four-week training period. Twenty participants separated into two groups from a learning center in Taipei, Taiwan were recruited for this experiment. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to compare the values of VOT of five word-initial consonants in reading and speaking conditions, and narrative analyses were conducted to distinguish the differences among reading, speaking, and shadowing conditions. The results indicate that after the training period, the pronunciations of the consonants /b/, /p/, and /d/ had changed in reading and speaking conditions. The teaching of English pronunciation in Taiwan elementary schools was discussed and speech shadowing was recommended as one pedagogical method for improving the acquisition of English pronunciation.</p><p>
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Yasutake, Yuko. "English and Japanese word associations and syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift of Japanese children learning English as a second language." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25540.
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Research in word association studies found that children give predominantly syntagmatic responses (responses from different form classes from stimuli). English children were found to undergo a shift to paradigmatic (responses from the same form classes as stimuli) before age ten (referred to as S-P shift) which is the adult norm. On the other hand, Japanese children do not have S-P shift, and Japanese adults' responses are dominantly syntagmatic (Moran 1968).
Leicester (1981) collected English word association responses from Japanese beginner and advanced learners of English as a second language and found S-P shift like increase of paradigmatic responses as English ability improves. This study purports to replicate Leicester's study among children. It is because the existence of the S-P shift in English of second-language learners whose first language does not have the shift would mean that second language learning parallels first language acquisition.
Two main hypothesis were tested:
1. That Japanese children learning English as a second language will give dominantly syntagmatic responses in Japanese regardless of their grade level.
2. That Japanese children learning English as a second language of higher grade level will give more paradigmatic responses than those of lower grade level.
Three subsidiary hypotheses were tested:
3. That Japanese children learning English as a second language will give different proportion of paradigmatic responses in Japanese and English.
4. That Japanese children learning English as a second language will give different pattern of responses in each language.
5. That Japanese children learning English as a second language will give fewer paradigmatic responses in English than monolingual English children of the same grade.
Thirty students each of grades one, three, and five from two Japanese supplementary schools in Vancouver and Seattle were used as subjects. The subjects attend regular English classes at public schools, and therefore, their English ability was assumed to parallel their grade level. 27-item word association test was administered in English and Japanese. The ratio of paradigmatic responses was analyzed according to grade level.
In agreement with literature, no grade difference was found among Japanese paradigmatic responses. In English, however, grade one subjects performed most paradigmatically, and thereby, no linear correspondence between English ability and English paradigmatic responses was found. Although English responses were close to the English norm, and Japanese responses to the Japanese norm, a significant number of Japanese responses were given in English association by grade five students. Significant difference in paradigmaticity was also found when two schools were compared as well as between two languages. Grade one students outperformed equivalent English monolingual children in English.
It was speculated that young children develop L2 vocabulary
systems independently and directly from the start resulting in higher rate of paradigmatic responses, whereas older children initially construct a one to one association between LI and L2, resulting in translation responses and low paradigmaticity in the case of English. School difference suggests that there are some other variables affecting word association.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of<br>Graduate
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Kehagia, Olga. "A study of the revision practices of university students in an English as a foreign language context using word processing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424474.
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Ármannsson, Bjarki. "Grapheme-to-phoneme transcription of English words in Icelandic text." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446924.
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Foreign words, such as names, locations or sometimes entire phrases, are a problem for any system that is meant to convert graphemes to phonemes (g2p; i.e.converting written text into phonetic transcription). In this thesis, we investigate both rule-based and neural methods of phonetically transcribing English words found in Icelandic text, taking into account the rules and constraints of how foreign phonemes can be mapped into Icelandic phonology. We implement a rule-based system by compiling grammars into finite-state transducers. In deciding on which rules to include, and evaluating their coverage, we use a list of the most frequently-found English words in a corpus of Icelandic text. The output of the rule-based system is then manually evaluated and corrected (when needed) and subsequently used as data to train a simple bidirectional LSTM g2p model. We train models both with and without length and stress labels included in the gold annotated data. Although the scores for neither model are close to the state-of-the-art for either Icelandic or English, both our rule-based system and LSTM model show promising initial results and improve on the baseline of simply using an Icelandic g2p model, rule-based or neural, on English words. We find that the greater flexibility of the LSTM model seems to give it an advantage over our rule-based system when it comes to modeling certain phenomena. Most notable is the LSTM’s ability to more accurately transcribe relations between graphemes and phonemes for English vowel sounds. Given there does not exist much previous work on g2p transcription specifically handling English words within the Icelandic phonological constraints and it remains an unsolved task, our findings present a foundation for the development of further research, and contribute to improving g2p systems for Icelandic as a whole.
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Adamson, Brent Matthew. "Naturalistic versus formal foreign language learning : an analysis of upper-division German students' oral proficiency in nominal inflection and word order /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Chan, Pik-ha, and 陳碧霞. "An investigation into the perception (and production) of English word-initial consonants by native speakers of Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3194498X.
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Gray, Vaughan R., and n/a. "Referral source selection in word of mouth communication : findings from export education movements of China and Malaysia." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.120724.
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Research attention on word of mouth (WOM) communication is growing in necessity and popularity as recent studies continue to confirm that WOM has a significant effect on consumer and organisational decision-making and buying behaviour. Much of the theory generated from this field of communications research has been based on product purchase situations that take place in the United States. More recent developments in the stream of research have begun to address WOM in service contexts and also driven a need to test the reliability of previous works in other countries and cultures.
The research problem of this thesis emerged from such needs to further develop WOM theory and is defined by two key statements: (i) How does perceived source credibility and the content (message) of personal communication shape and determine the nature of a WOM system? (ii) What likely influence does culture have on a WOM system?
The WOM system conceptualised within this thesis refers to a network of actors in which, personal, verbal, face to face communication occurs. It also refers to the nature of the information exchanged and how these messages determine which actors within the system participate. Addressing the need for further research into service-based contexts, the industry of export education was identified as an ideal environment in which to investigate the problem. In particular, international students (current and potential) were interviewed and surveyed on how WOM is used to gather information to make a decision on where to study.
A predictive model of referral source selection is developed as the significant contribution to theory resulting from the qualitative and quantitative research employed in the methodology. The qualitative research was exploratory in nature and designed to understand the decision-making process international students went through before making a choice on their study destination. In depth interviews confirmed that WOM was used frequently throughout this process and identified the important pieces of information sought after by students and which sources the students consulted to obtain the information. International students are concerned about the international recognition of a university, teaching styles, tuition fees, graduate prospects and how compatible the lifestyle of the host country is for them amongst many issues. They consult a variety of personal sources including family, friends, alumni, university agents and even their school teachers.
The main quantitative study in this thesis surveyed 420 university students from China and Malaysia and was designed to provide theory verification for the WOM system and explore potential impacts of culture on this system. Firstly, four common WOM themes were identified from all of the content exchanged through WOM between students and their referral sources. These themes are grouped as; informational messages, comparative messages, personal perspectives and guidance messages. The WOM system was then depicted as a predictive model of referral source selection based on which WOM themes are exchanged between actors.
As consumers progress through a structured decision-making process, their information requirements (WOM themes) change and so do the sources selected to deliver the information. Secondly, important differences in WOM behaviour emerged between the Chinese and Malaysian samples. Although students from both countries are equally influenced by personal sources of communication, Malaysians considered alumni friends and parent/family sources to be more influential than the Chinese. Whereas the Chinese preferred talking with school teachers and close friends to help in their decisions. These findings added credible evidence of national culture effects to the predictive model of source selection.
The thesis concludes by addressing limitations in the research - largely, that the study failed to produce evidence of cultural value dimensions impacting on the WOM system. The Chinese cultural value framework employed was well justified as an appropriate measure however, there were no equivalent measurements of Malaysian cultural values and the study was conducted on a limited convenience sample, making results difficult to generalise through Chinese and Malaysian populations. Further research was then suggested to address these limitations.
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Khaldieh, Salim Ahmad. "The role of phonological encoding (speech recoding) and visual processes in word recognition of American learners of Arabic as a foreign language /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487685204966592.
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Fernández, Lara Alexis. "Word associations of intermediate and advanced learners of English as a foreign language and English native speakers : probing into lexical network knowledge." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108658.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua Inglesa<br>The general objective of this research study is to analyse and compare receptive
and productive word associations produced by intermediate and advanced learners
of English as a foreign language, and native speakers of English.
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Kretzmann, Heidi. "The characterization of African horsesickness virus VP7 particles with foreign peptides inserted into site 200 of the VP7 protein top domein." Diss., Pretoria ; [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-103844.
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Sun, Jing. "The Teeter-Totter in Reading Chinese Coordinative Compound Words: A Multi-Stage Investigation on Word Recognition by Native Readers of Chinese and Learners of Chinese as a Second Language." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593267157168268.
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Bushong, Robert W. II. "The academic word list reorganized for Spanish-speaking English language learners." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4660.
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Published in TESOL Quarterly a decade ago, the Academic Word List (AWL) (Coxhead, 2000) has become increasingly influential in the field of TESOL. With more than 82% of the AWL comprised of words of Latin and Greek, much of this important list logically consists of English-Spanish cognates because Spanish originated from Latin. In order to serve Spanish-speaking English language learners (SSELLs) better, their teachers need to know which AWL words are cognates. Using published sources and linguistic analysis of the 570 items in the AWL, the research in this thesis has resulted in a newly reorganized AWL divided into four categories that are more useful for our Spanish-speaking English language learners as well as their instructors, curriculum designers, and materials writers: English-Spanish true cognates, partial cognates, false cognates, and non-cognates.<br>ID: 029050607; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116).<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Department of Modern Languages and Literatures<br>Arts and Humanities
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Perkins, Rosalie. "PHONETIC AND ACOUSTIC ANALYSES OF TWO NEW CASES OF FOREIGN ACCENT SYNDROME." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4183.
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This study presents detailed phonetic and acoustic analyses of the speech characteristics of two new cases of Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS). Participants include a 48-year-old female who began speaking with an "Eastern European" accent following a traumatic brain injury, and a 45-year-old male who presented with a "British" accent following a subcortical cerebral vascular accident (CVA). Identical samples of the participants' pre- and post-morbid speech were obtained, thus affording a new level of control in the study of Foreign Accent Syndrome. The speech tasks consisted of oral readings of the Grandfather Passage and 18 real words comprised of the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ combined with the peripheral vowels /i/, /a/ and /u/ and ending in a voiceless stop. Computer-based acoustic measures included: 1) voice onset time (VOT), 2) vowel durations, 3) whole word durations, 4) first, second and third formant frequencies, and 5) fundamental frequency. Formant frequencies were measured at three points in the vowel duration: a) 20%, b) 50%, and c) 80% to assess differences in vowel 'onglides' and 'offglides'. The phonetic analysis provided perceptual identification of the major phonetic features associated with the foreign quality of participant's FAS speech, while acoustic measures allowed precise quantification of these features. Results indicated evidence of backing of consonant and vowel productions for both participants. The implications for future research and clinical applications are also considered.<br>M.A.<br>Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Comm Sciences & Disorders MA
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McEwen, Ping. "Vocabulary Acquisition in CFL (Chinese as a Foreign Language) Contexts: a Correlation of Performance and Strategy Use." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1217.pdf.
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Jia, Hongyi. "Identifying How Successful Vocabulary-Learning Strategies Affect Reading Comprehension among Intermediate Learners of Mandarin Chinese." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2820.
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The Chinese language has become an increasingly important Asian language for American students and more and more of them have a desire to learn it. The problems and the difficulties that Chinese foreign language (CFL) learners have when they try to use their knowledge of new vocabulary in reading comprehension are apparent. Previous studies have described some aspects that may influence reading comprehension and have indicated that Chinese is a relatively difficult language for native speakers of American English, but there are few studies that have focused on improving CFL learners' Chinese reading comprehension. This study investigates the effect of pre-learning vocabulary and contextualized word learning strategies on Chinese reading comprehension. The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-learning vocabulary and contextualized word learning positively affect CFL learners' reading comprehension. The results show that pre-learning vocabulary does not have a positive effect on Chinese reading comprehension and that although contextualized word learning positively affects CFL learners' reading comprehension the effect is not significant. This study also gives relative analysis.
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Eriksson, Linda. "The Effectiveness of Modified Inductive Versus Deductive Teaching : A case study on word order amongst a group of English as a foreign language learners." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90180.
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This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of modified inductive learning compared with deductive learning of English grammar among foreign language students. In order to achieve this purpose, two classes in Year Nine in a secondary school in Sweden were taught using the two different methods. An initial grammar test determined that the students struggled with word order, which as a result was chosen as the area to teach. A pre-test/post-test-design was used to examine the effect of the two methods, and compared with a control group. The results reveal that the inductive method should be favoured overall, but suggests that the deductive method may produce significantly better results among weaker students.
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Dillström, Sibylle. "Motiviertheit in der Wortbildung entlehnter Einheiten : Eine deskriptive Studie von Personenbezeichnungen mit Fremdsuffixen im Deutschen vom 16. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of German, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390.
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<p>This thesis looks from a historical perspective at the morphological-semantic motivation of words denoting persons with foreign suffixes that have been borrowed into and also formed in German, whereby, among other things, the role of motivation in relation to the borrowing and retention of lexical items is elucidated.</p><p>In a theoretical section peculiarities and problems in the word formation of loan items are discussed, and motivation is defined as a synchronous-semantic category. In the analysis words denoting persons that have seven different foreign suffixes, deriving principally from Latin, are examined with material primarily from dictionaries.</p><p>The study shows that especially for the frequent suffixes in German there is a consistently large proportion of motivated words. It is generally the case that the words are motivated on their first appearance in the material, and changes in their motivation are on the whole infrequent. The analysis further proves that motivated formations often disappear from the material, and words are mostly retained after the loss of their motivation.</p><p>The reason that the words for the most part are motivated in German when borrowed, is that suffixed words denoting persons are generally closely related in their semantic structure to another word in the original or donor language. In German, a relatively large proportion of motivated formations for one suffix does not always correlate with high frequency or with high productivity of the suffix. Furthermore, many of the words examined do not belong to the common vocabulary, which restricts their motivation from a socio-linguistic point of view and can to some extent contribute to their disappearance.</p>
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Chen, Chia-Hung. "Word-of-mouth information gathering : an exploratory study of Asian international students searching for Australian higher education services." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16275/.
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Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium that many consider beyond marketers' control and yet is a reliable, creditable, trustworthy information-gathering tool, especially in credence-based services (CBS). To date, the various types of WOMC messages have not yet been adequately studied in the context of CBS. Using the individual face-toface convergence interview (CI) technique as the primary data collection method of exploratory research, this study attempts to fill this gap by describing the types, the characteristics, and the significance of WOMC messages involved in a CBS information gathering process (e.g. selection of an Australian higher education service). Marketers in the higher education sector feel WOMC advertising is unfamiliar and less manageable, but powerful in practice, especially in recruiting overseas Asian students. This study took the strengths of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), N*Vivo 2, to manage qualitative transcriptions and enhance the data analysis process in organizing, linking, coding categorizing, organizing, summarizing behaviour patterns in order to explore the insightful findings and answer research questions. The study summarizes participants' motivation items and the specific information gathering steps as the foundation to discover the three types of WOMC messages (service information gathering, subjective personal experience, and personal advice) the characteristics of WOMC messages and the significance of WOMC messages in the CBS information gathering process. In theoretical terms, the findings on the role of types of WOMC messages have extended Beltramini model in the information gathering stage. In terms of the management implications, this research advances the current understanding of the types of WOMC messages, insightful WOMC characteristics and significances in behaviour patterns in the CBS information gathering process. As a result, university marketers are able to effectively cultivate various types of WOMC messages in promotion campaigns.
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Chen, Chia-Hung. "Word-of-mouth information gathering : an exploratory study of Asian international students searching for Australian higher education services." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16275/1/Chia-Hung_Chen_Thesis.pdf.
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Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium that many consider beyond marketers' control and yet is a reliable, creditable, trustworthy information-gathering tool, especially in credence-based services (CBS). To date, the various types of WOMC messages have not yet been adequately studied in the context of CBS. Using the individual face-toface convergence interview (CI) technique as the primary data collection method of exploratory research, this study attempts to fill this gap by describing the types, the characteristics, and the significance of WOMC messages involved in a CBS information gathering process (e.g. selection of an Australian higher education service). Marketers in the higher education sector feel WOMC advertising is unfamiliar and less manageable, but powerful in practice, especially in recruiting overseas Asian students.
This study took the strengths of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), N*Vivo 2, to manage qualitative transcriptions and enhance the data analysis process in organizing, linking, coding categorizing, organizing, summarizing behaviour patterns in order to explore the insightful findings and answer research questions. The study summarizes participants' motivation items and the specific information gathering steps as the foundation to discover the three types of WOMC messages (service information gathering, subjective personal experience, and personal advice) the characteristics of WOMC messages and the significance of WOMC messages in the CBS information gathering process. In theoretical terms, the findings on the role of types of WOMC messages have extended Beltramini model in the information gathering stage. In terms of the management implications, this research advances the current understanding of the types of WOMC messages, insightful WOMC characteristics and significances in behaviour patterns in the CBS information gathering process. As a result, university marketers are able to effectively cultivate various types of WOMC messages in promotion campaigns.
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Bohinski, Chesla Ann. "The portrait of a word: The use of mental and visual images in the acquisition of form, meaning, and use of Spanish concrete nouns." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/151680.
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Spanish<br>Ph.D.<br>Second language (L2) vocabulary learning is at the core of language learning and use. Studies have shown that native speakers and L2 learners perceive lexical errors as the biggest obstacle in effective communication (Gass & Selinker, 2008). As a result, the learning and teaching of vocabulary must be one of the focal points of L2 learning. This study quantitatively investigates the effectiveness of two vocabulary learning strategies, the keyword method and the visual support method. Using these two strategies, L2 learners can store the word's meaning both visually and linguistically by creating a "dual coding" (Paivio & Desrochers, 1981) of the word. The keyword method is a strategy that utilizes the association of a first language word (a keyword) with the unknown L2 word through the use of a mental image whereas the visual support method is a strategy that utilizes a visual image. In four L2 intact classes over a 6-day treatment period, participants learned 24 Spanish concrete nouns using both the keyword and visual support methods in one of two presentation orders. Using a pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test design, results indicated that the use of an image, whether mental or visual, increased L2 learners' knowledge of form, meaning, and use of L2 vocabulary. Qualitative analyses of vocabulary notebooks/journals and surveys revealed that participants' preferences for and experiences with each learning method were influenced by individual likes and dislikes of each treatment. Since vocabulary acquisition is such a complex and multi-faceted process (Nation, 2001), educators have the responsibility to implement and encourage the use of various L2 vocabulary teaching and learning strategies. This research thus aims to reveal how an image can be worth a thousand words in the L2 classroom.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Moser, Janelle Nicole. "Bringing the lexical approach to TAFL: Evaluating the primary lexicon in Part One of the Al-Kitaab fii Ta'allum Al-'Arabiyya Arabic as a Foreign Language textbook series." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292701.
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This study proposes two models for exploring the lexical contents of Part One of the most popular Arabic as a Foreign Language textbook series, Al-Kitaab fii Ta'allum Al-`Arabiyya. Through the lens of a word families framework, this study hypothesizes on the contents and arrangement of the L2 Arabic mental lexicon after completing the textbook. Through counting lexemes, lemmas, and word family members, it is possible to gain insight into the quantity of vocabulary items present within the textbook outside of traditional measures like the triconsonantal root. Through a frequency-based framework, this study analyzes textbook vocabulary items in light of the 5,000 most frequent lemmas in the language from a corpus of 30 million tokens from A Frequency Dictionary of Arabic (Buckwalter and Parkinson: 2011). A comparison between textbook vocabulary and frequency data points to the relationship between the vocabulary studied by AFL learners and the most widely used forms in the language as a whole. While this study gives special consideration to frequency data up to the 3,000 word level, the sheer amount of lexical knowledge necessary for reading Arabic newspapers and novels necessitates integration of frequency-derived data at even the novice level. A lexical and frequency-based approach to AFL instruction and curriculum design may prove helpful in decreasing the decidedly large vocabulary burden (Nation: 1990, cited in Young: 2011) for learners of Arabic as a Foreign Language.
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Oliver, L. J. "The effect(s) of word processing software on the equality of the composing process, product, and attitudes of adult academic ESL (English as a second language) writers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1145.
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The focus of this study was on the effect of word processing on the quality of the composing process, product, and attitudes of adult academic ESL writers. Twenty adult ESL students, comprising an ‘intact’ EAP (English for Academic Purposes) group, completed a number of written assignments as part of their ESL unit, using either word processing or conventional ‘pen and paper’ composition methods. Their handwritten and word processed work was analysed and compared through the use of an holistic/analytic scale of writing quality. In addition to this analysis of the ‘finished product’, texts were analysed in terms of the frequency, nature and extent of revisions made within the composition process. Statistical analysis of the writing quality and revision data – as well as audio-taped verbal protocols from selected subjects, interviews, and observational notes, were used to determine the effect (s) of word processing on the composing process, product and attitudes of these subjects. The data indicate that word processing does improve writing quality – and that it also influences revising behaviours and subject attitudes towards writing. There does not appear, for these subjects, to have been any significant correlation between revision and writing quality.
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Thaipakdee, Supaporn. "Relationships Among Writing Quality, Attitudes Toward Writing, and Attitudes Toward Computers in a Computer-Mediated Technical Writing Class for English as a Foreign Language Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278582/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of word processor use by foreign college
writers and their attitudes toward writing, writing revision practices, writing quality, attitudes toward the use of computers, and time spent on computers. The results indicate that students' attitudes toward
writing and their perceptions of computer usefulness significantly affected their writing quality. Students with more positive attitudes toward writing and the usefulness of computers tended to produce better quality writing. In addition, the findings indicate that students' writing revision practices significantly affected their attitudes toward writing. Students who revised their writing more frequently tended to have better attitudes toward writing than those who did not. In contrast, students' levels of computer anxiety, computer confidence, computer liking and their writing revision practices did not significantly
affect the quality of their writing. Furthermore, the amount of time that students spent on computers did not significantly affect their attitudes toward using computers in writing.
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Araujo, Magberto Rocha. "If you have the word in Portuguese why are you going to use it in English? Language ideologies of Brazilian Portuguese speaker studying English as a foreign language in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13653.
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Includes bibliography.<br>This study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the spread of English in Brazil. Brazilian Portuguese is the official and by far most spoken language in Brazil. In spite of being a multilingual country, several policies guided the country towards monolingualism. A bill has been recently proposed by the then congressman Aldo Rebelo, in 1999, and approved in 2007 that regards English as a threat to the Brazilian Po1tuguese language. Nonetheless, the bill has not yet been approved and still sits in the Senate's assembly due to strong opposition of the mainstream media, sociolinguists and marketing companies. English has spread quickly in Brazil, especially from the end of the 201h century to current days. According to several studies, the influence of English is specially noticed in brand naming, advertisements and people's names. Studies have also shown that English is also perceived as a prestigious language that attaches attributes of modernity, sophistication and connectivity with a globalized world to its speakers' identity. English is also the most studied foreign language in Brazilian schools. However, studies have shown that English teaching in Brazilian schools is perceived as weak and unsatisfactory mostly by students (Bernardo, 2007; Dias and Assis-Peterson, 2006), leading Brazilians to seek for English teaching in private English institutes. Another viable option for Brazilians has been the language programs to study English abroad. This study aims to understand how Brazilian Portuguese speakers who are studying English in Cape Town construct their language ideologies regarding English and Portuguese. The study uses two key concepts to guide the discussion, global Englishes and language ideologies. Overall, this study confirms findings of other studies, such as the perception of the participants towards Brazilian regular schools and English institutes. Moreover it contributes to the incipient literature concerning the perception of mobile students with regard to language programs to study English abroad. This study used a text to remind participants about the proposed bill by congressman Rebelo to elicit language ideologies around English and Portuguese. Most of the participants in this study positioned themselves as against the bill. Most of them claimed that language change is natural, and such attitude welcomes English borrowings which could be observed in the participants' interviews.
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DuBois, Kristi Allyn. "The importance of phonological practice and other strategies for vocabulary recall and comprehension." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4275.
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This study looks at English as a Second Language (ESL) students• use of vocabulary learning strategies and whether use of specific strategies is related to success in vocabulary recall and comprehension tests. The primary part of the study focuses on the hypothesis that phonological practice with new words will aid long-term recall and comprehension of these words. An empirical experiment with an experimental and control group was designed to test this hypothesis. The secondary section of the study discusses how often subjects reported using the vocabulary learning strategies categorized by Rebecca Oxford in Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. In addition, it researches possible correlations between use of these strategies, and scores on subsequent vocabulary recall and comprehension tests. Finally, this study describes how a representative group of students actually apply specific strategies to their vocabulary learning.
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Santos, Vanderlei dos. "Vocabulario e leitura : a elaboração de uma lista de palavras de uso academico em portugues do Brasil." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269797.
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Orientador: Matilde Virginia Ricardi Scaramucci<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T17:45:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Listas de palavras baseadas em corpora têm sido importantes no ensino e aprendizagem de vocabulário em língua estrangeira. Este trabalho visa compilar uma lista de palavras do português do Brasil, freqüentes e de grande alcance no contexto acadêmico brasileiro, e discutir sua utilidade no ensino de vocabulário, na preparação de textos modificados e de testes de vocabulário para aprendizes de Português como língua estrangeira. Discutimos também a questão do ensino direto e indireto de vocabulário. Para a compilação da lista, foi criado um corpus composto de teses e dissertações de 3 universidades públicas brasileiras, perfazendo um total de pouco mais de 7 milhões de palavras (aproximadamente 15 mil páginas de texto). Foram usados os critérios de freqüência e alcance para a seleção das palavras a serem incluídas na lista. As palavras são apresentadas com a freqüência e, nos casos de polissemia, com os diferentes significados com que ocorrem no corpus<br>Abstract: Corpora based word lists have been important for the teaching of vocabulary in foreign language. This paper aims to put together a list of high frequency and range Brazilian Portuguese academic words, and discuss direct and indirect vocabulary acquisition, the usefulness of modified texts for language learners and the use of word lists for the elaboration of vocabulary tests. A corpus was assembled from thesis and dissertations from 3 Brazilian public universities, totaling a little over 7 million words (approximately 15.000 pages of text). Frequency and range were the criteria used to select the words to be included in the list. Information about the number of times the words occur in the corpus and the different meanings they have, in the case of polysemy, is provided.<br>Mestrado<br>Lingua Estrangeira<br>Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
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Björndahl, Sofie, and Emelie Johansson. "Avkodning gällande ordläsning på svenska och engelska hos svenska typiska läsare och elever med lässvårigheter i årskurs 4." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93679.
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Olika språk har olika ortografiskt djup och svenska språket anses som ett mer ortografiskt ytligt (regelbundet) språk än engelska språket som anses vara mer ortografiskt djupt (oregelbundet). I Sverige studerar elever det främmande språket engelska från lågstadiet. Flertalet forskare menar att det kan finnas tvärspråkliga överföringar mellan en förmåga i modersmålet och samma förmåga i det främmande språket. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka avkodning (ordläsning) på svenska och engelska hos elever med lässvårigheter och typiska läsare i årskurs fyra. I studien inkluderades 48 elever uppdelat på två grupper; 19 elever med lässvårigheter och 29 typiska läsare. Samtliga elever hade svenska som modersmål och eleverna med lässvårigheter hade specialundervisning för sina lässvårigheter. Eleverna genomförde sex avkodningstest, två av avkodningstesten var på engelska och hade en svensk motsvarighet. Eleverna fick även genomföra ett test för fonologisk medvetenhet samt fylla i en enkät om läsning. Resultaten visade att eleverna med lässvårigheter presterade signifikant sämre på samtliga test än de typiska läsarna. Enkäten om läsning visade en skillnad mellan hur grupperna skattat sig och eleverna med lässvårigheter hade även en viss insikt i sina svårigheter. Elever med lässvårigheter som hade avkodningssvårigheter på svensk ordläsning visade sig även ha avkodningssvårigheter på engelsk ordläsning och de elever som presterade bra på svensk avkodning presterade också bra på engelsk avkodning. Sammantaget tyder detta på att det finns vissa tvärspråkliga överföringar.<br>Different languages have different orthographic depth. The Swedish language is more shallow (regular) compared to the English language which is more orthographically deep (irregular). Swedish students start studying the foreign language English from primary school. Several researchers have found cross-linguistic transfers between an ability in the native language and the same ability in the foreign language. The present study aimed to investigate how pupils in fourth grade with reading difficulties and typical readers decode (word reading) in Swedish and English. 48 pupils were included in the study, divided into two groups: 19 pupils with reading difficulties and 29 typical readers. All of the students had Swedish as their native language and the students with reading difficulties had special education for their reading problems. The pupils conducted six tests of decoding, two of the tests were in English and had a Swedish counterpart. The pupils also conducted a test of phonological awareness and filled out a questionnaire about reading. The results showed that students with reading difficulties performed significantly poorer on all of the tests than the typical readers. The questionnaire about reading showed a difference between the groups and the questionnaire also showed that pupils with reading difficulties had insight in their reading problems. The pupils with reading difficulties who had decoding problems on word reading in Swedish also had decoding problems on word reading in the foreign language and those students who performed well on Swedish decoding also performed well on English decoding. Overall this means that there are some signs of cross-linguistic transfers.
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Middleweek, Fiona. "A study of the word reading and comprehension skills of children speaking English as an additional language : exploring the relationship between lexical knowledge and skilled reading." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669718.
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Silva, Renato Ferreira da. "O acento primário em alemão e sua aquisição por falantes de português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-12012016-142738/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aquisição do acento primário do alemão por falantes do Português Brasileiro (PB). Essa análise baseia-se, no campo da aquisição, no modelo gerativista dos Princípios e Parâmetros (Chomsky 1981), bem como na fonologia lexical (Kiparsky 1982, Mohanan 1982, 1985) e na fonologia prosódica (Nespor e Vogel [2007] (1986), Vogel (2009)) como teorias fonológicas. O arcabouço teórico para a análise do acento primário na língua alemã é fornecido pela teoria de acento de Wiese (1995), que preconiza a existência de regras de acento primário em compostos (AB) e não-compostos, como também padrões marcados com atribuição de acento definido lexicalmente (palavras proparoxítonas e oxítonas, compostos do tipo ABC). Além das regras propostas por Wiese (1995), postulo uma regra para a acentuação de compostos do tipo marcado ABC. Para o PB assumo a teoria de acento de Lee (1995,1997). A comparação da atribuição do acento primário em ambas as línguas permitiu-me estabelecer, com base na teoria paramétrica de Hayes (1995), semelhanças e diferenças paramétricas para o acento primário, as quais serviram de base para a tese defendida neste trabalho. Além disso, acrescento um princípio com valores paramétricos não-binários: o Domínio de aplicação da Restrição da Janela de Três Sílabas, cuja reparametrização apresenta-se como indispensável para a aquisição de regras de acentuação primária do alemão por falantes de PB como L2. Enquanto no PB essa restrição é válida para qualquer palavra fonológica (), em alemão, apenas as palavras não-compostas submetem-se a tal restrição. Ademais, propõem-se aqui 9 níveis hierárquicos, os quais constituem uma sequência para a aquisição das regras de atribuição do acento primário no contexto aqui estudado. Um estudo de caso, baseado no modelo pseudo-longitudinal, fornece subsídios para a presente pesquisa. Seis informantes com níveis de proficiência A2, B2 e C2 (segundo a classificação do Quadro Comum Europeu de Referência para Línguas) foram submetidos a um teste de leitura de cinquenta palavras selecionadas de acordo com seu padrão acentual e a posição da sílaba que contém o acento primário. Resultados apontam para um papel importante da L1 na constituição da interlíngua e para o fato de que a refixação de parâmetros, ainda que primordial na aquisição, não é o único fator operante nesse processo. A análise dos dados sinaliza, ainda, que estágios de aquisição do acento primário do alemão por falantes de PB não refletem necessariamente o nível de proficiência de cada indivíduo na língua-alvo.<br>This study aims at analysing the acquisition of primary stress in German by speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). In terms of acquisition, this analysis is based on the generative model from Principles and Parameters (Chomsky 1981), as well as on the Lexical Phonology (Kiparsky 1982, Monahan 1982, 1985) and Prosodic Phonology (Nespor and Vogel [2007] (1986), Vogel (2009)) as phonological theories. The theoretical framework for the analysis of the primary stress in German is given by Wieses (1995) stress theory which states the existence of primary stress rules in compounds (AB) and non-compounds, as well as marked patterns with stress being lexically defined (words stressed in the third and last syllables, ABC compounds). In addition to the rules proposed by Wiese (1995), I have determined one for the stress of compounds marked as ABC). For BP, I have used the theory of accent by Lee (1995, 1997). The comparison between the attributions of primary stress in both languages has allowed me to establish, according to Hayes (1995) parametric theory, parametric similarities and differences for primary stress, which serve as basis for the thesis I defend in this study. Furthermore, I propose the addition of one principle with non-binary parametric values: the Domain of the Application of the Three-Syllable-Window Restriction, whose reparametrization is essential for speakers of BP acquiring the rules of primary stress of German as L2. Whereas in BP this restriction is valid for any phonological word, in German only the non-compound words are subject to such restriction. Moreover, 9 hierarchical levels are proposed here and they establish a sequence for the acquisition of the primary stress acquisition attribution rules. A case study, based on the pseudo-longitudinal model, provides this research with invaluable aids. Six informants with levels of proficiency A2, B2 and C2 (according to the Common European Framework for Languages) were submitted to a test in which they read fifty words, selected according to their stress patterns and position of the syllable containing the primary stress. Results show that L1 has an important role in the constitution of the interlanguage. They also state that the resetting of parameters is not the only operating factor in this process, even though it is essential in the acquisition. Data analysis indicates that the stages of primary stress acquisition of German by speakers of BP do not necessarily reflect the proficiency level of each individual in the target language.
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Russell, Victoria. "The effects of processing instruction, structured input, and visual input enhancement on the acquisition of the subjunctive in adjectival clauses by intermediate-level distance learners of Spanish." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003189.
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Schirmer, Peter Kim. "Lutheran world service and foreign aid /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars337.pdf.
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Duffy, P. A. "World revolution and Soviet foreign policy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484444.
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Oyugi, Caroline. "L'appropriation de la parole en langue étrangère." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876449.
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La langue étant un système formel par rapport à l'interaction verbale, cette étude s'intéresse à illustrer comment le sujet se construit dans le langage par la parole. L'être humain n'a d'accès à lui-même que dans l'ordre symbolique qui le reçoit sous la forme du langage. En dépit de la médiation de l'institution symbolique qui fournit des repères aidant le sujet à reconnaître non seulement des enchaînements opératoires à exécuter mais aussi des postures à adopter favorisant sa réalisation, le contact avec autrui et l'interaction avec la langue fait valoir le sujet comme divisé par son propre discours. L'expression orale, quant à elle, est comprise non seulement comme moyen de communication mais aussi comme intermédiaire à l'apprentissage. L'étude explicite davantage la place accordée non seulement à la production de nature orale mais aussi à sa pratique dans le contexte éducatif spécifique au Kenya
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Sorensen, Paul Howard. "Foreign Dispatches From a World of Men." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1321901743.
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Wiener, Seth. "The Representation, Organization and Access of Lexical Tone by Native and Non-NativeMandarin Speakers." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429827661.
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Tolstosheeva, A. "The role of foreign languages in modern world." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46166.
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Knowledge of foreign languages - is the key to success in today's world, where communication in foreign languages and processing large amounts of information is becoming increasingly important. Nowadays knowledge of foreign languages plays an important role in the person‘s career, political and economic spheres of life.
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Santana, Christiano Titoneli. "Sujeito entre línguas: a produção textual como possível espaço discursivo para inscrição e tomada da palavra na língua outra." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3339.
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Dissertação para Defesa_ChristianoTitoneliSantana-dezembro - Copia.pdf: 4313742 bytes, checksum: f7d5f6616724949b52142c91c09558a6 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Esta pesquisa busca analisar o sujeito entre línguas que intenta (in)conscientemente empreender a produção textual em língua estrangeira (LE) como possível espaço discursivo. Para tanto, estudamos as possíveis pistas deixadas pelo sujeito, que podem ser figuradas como gesto interpretativo, paráfrase ou lapsos. Tais vestígios serão analisados de modo a estudar a inscrição e a tomada da palavra do sujeito na LE quando contorna o seu “querer-dizer” na LE. Para compreendermos a produção textual na visada discursiva, recorremos à noção de espaço discursivo empreendido por Maingueneau (1989) para dele propormos um deslocamento. Além disso, para estudarmos a noção de tomada da palavra, voltamo-nos a De Nardi (2002) e, a respeito dos lapsos, partimos da perspectiva de Maia (2006). É importante ressaltar que esta pesquisa filia-se ao quadro teórico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, fundada por Pêcheux (1969/2010), assim como desenvolvida no Brasil por meio dos trabalhos de Orlandi (2013). A constituição do corpus dá-se da seguinte forma: trata-se de alunos universitários de Letras (Português∕Inglês) de diferentes períodos, que foram solicitados a ler o conto Old Man at the Bridge, de autoria de Hemingway (1963), e a produzir um texto em língua inglesa sobre a representação do personagem idoso no conto levando em consideração o cenário da história. Analisamos se o sujeito, ao produzir a produção textual em LE, tomou a palavra e inaugurou a produção textual como possível espaço discursivo em meio a tensões entre línguas. Durante nossa análise, não houve casos de sujeito-aluno que não conseguisse empreender a produção textual como espaço discursivo, houve fragmentações, rupturas e lapsos em alguns momentos. As produções textuais trabalhadas apontaram para dois níveis: o nível autoral, quando o sujeito consegue administrar os sentidos discursivamente; e o nível parafrástico ou empírico, quando o sujeito rearranja o seu texto, faz recombinações sintáticas, mas continua filiado ao sentido estrito do conto – não ousa jogar com a língua<br>This research analyzes the subject between languages that tries to (un)consciously undertake the production of texts in foreign language (FL) as a possible discursive space. We studied the possible clues left by the subject, which can be understood as interpretive gesture, paraphrase or lapses. Such clues will be analyzed in order to study the inscription and the subject's word choice in FL. To understand the textual production in the discursive approach, we use the notion of discursive space undertaken by Maingueneau (1989) so we can adapt it to our studies. In addition, to study the notion of “having the floor”, we turn to De Nardi (2002) and about the lapses, we start from the Maia’s perspective (2006). Importantly, this research is affiliated to the theoretical framework of French Discourse Analysis, founded by Pêcheux (1969/2010), as developed in Brazil through the works of Orlandi (2013). The constitution of the corpus takes place as follows: it is university students of Languages (Portuguese / English) from different semesters, which were asked to read the short story, Old Man at the Bridge, by Hemingway (1963), and to produce a text in English on the representation of the elderly character in the short story, taking into account its scenario. We have analyzed the subject, when producing the text in FL, had the floor and opened the textual production as a possible discursive space amid tensions between languages. During our analysis, there were no cases of subject-student who could not undertake the textual production as a discursive space, there were fragmentation, and lapses at times. The textual productions pointed to two levels: the authorial level, when the subject can manage the meanings discursively; and paraphrastic or empirical level, when the subject rearrange his or her text, make syntactic combinations, but he or she is still affiliated with the strict sense of the story - both do not dare to play with the language
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Jaoui, Abdelhak. "Can the Baker plan work?" Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/490119.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze, using a medium term scenario of three years, the impact 9f the Baker Plan on the economies of fifteen debt laden countries. A central argument of this scenario was to assess whether growth and creditworthiness would be restored in these countries. A model using projections of debt service, imports, exports and capital requirements was developed to test these variables. Baker's package of $29 billion over three years (1985-1988) was contrasted with the model projections. The findings showed that, in the short-term, Baker's proposal will fall short of restoring growth and creditworthiness. However, the supply side policies suggested by Baker Initiative are the right way to go if the indebted countries are to resume growth and creditworthiness in the long run.
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Kaufman, Emma M. "Foreign bodies : the prison's place in a global world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6f8b663-eec5-43f6-a330-007e93bfbb5f.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the treatment and experiences of foreign national prisoners in England and Wales. It contains two main arguments. First, I contend that dominant prison theories rely on an outmoded understanding of the nation-state, and as a result, tend to ignore the effects of globalisation. Second, I argue that current prison practices reaffirm the boundaries of the British nation-state and promote an exclusionary notion of British citizenship. I conclude that research attuned to the affective, embodied dimensions of incarceration can help criminologists to develop a more ‘global’ perspective on state power. This argument begins and builds from ethnographic research. As a whole, the thesis is based on more than 200 interviews conducted over the course of a year in and around five men’s prisons in the north, southwest, and center of England. Structurally, it proceeds from a theoretical critique of prison studies, to an ethnographic account of prison life, to a conclusion about the purpose of prison scholarship. Thematically, it focuses on the relationship between identity and imprisonment, and in particular, on the ways in which normative beliefs about race, gender, sexuality, and class get infused in incarceration practices.