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Relevant bibliographies by topics / A granular material

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Academic literature on the topic 'A granular material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "A granular material"

1

Bardenhagen, S. G., J. U. Brackbill, and D. Sulsky. "The material-point method for granular materials." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 187, no. 3-4 (2000): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(99)00338-2.

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Kong, Hailing, Luzhen Wang, and Hualei Zhang. "The variation of grain size distribution in rock granular material in seepage process considering the mechanical–hydrological–chemical coupling effect: an experimental research." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 1 (2020): 190590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190590.

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As a common solid waste in geotechnical engineering, rock granular material should be properly treated and recycled. Rock granular material often coexists with water when it is used as the filling material in geotechnical engineering. Water flowing in rock granular materials is a complex progress with the mechanical–hydrological–chemical (MHC) coupling effect, i.e. the water scours in the gaps and spaces in the rock granular material structure, produces chemical reactions with rock grains, rock grains squeeze each other under the water pressure and compression leading to re-breakage and producing secondary rock grains, and the fine rock grains are migrated with water and rushed out. In this process, rock grain size distribution (GSD) changes, it affects the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock granular materials, and even influences the seepage stability of the rock granular materials. To study the variation of GSD in the rock granular material considering the MHC coupling effect after the seepage process, seepage experiments of rock grain samples are carried out and analysed in this paper. The result is expected to have a positive impact on further studies of the properties of the rock granular material.

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Affeld, K., F. Affeld, P. Debaene, and L. Goubergrits. "Injection of granular material." Journal of Visualization 9, no. 1 (2006): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181566.

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Sauret, A., N. J. Balmforth, C. P. Caulfield, and J. N. McElwaine. "Bulldozing of granular material." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 748 (April 28, 2014): 143–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.181.

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AbstractWe investigate the bulldozing motion of a granular sandpile driven forwards by a vertical plate. The problem is set up in the laboratory by emplacing the pile on a table rotating underneath a stationary plate; the continual circulation of the bulldozed material allows the dynamics to be explored over relatively long times, and the variation of the velocity with radius permits one to explore the dependence on bulldozing speed within a single experiment. We measure the time-dependent surface shape of the dune for a range of rotation rates, initial volumes and radial positions, for four granular materials, ranging from glass spheres to irregularly shaped sand. The evolution of the dune can be separated into two phases: a rapid initial adjustment to a state of quasi-steady avalanching perpendicular to the blade, followed by a much slower phase of lateral spreading and radial migration. The quasi-steady avalanching sets up a well-defined perpendicular profile with a nearly constant slope. This profile can be scaled by the depth against the bulldozer to collapse data from different times, radial positions and experiments onto common ‘master curves’ that are characteristic of the granular material and depend on the local Froude number. The lateral profile of the dune along the face of the bulldozer varies more gradually with radial position, and evolves by slow lateral spreading. The spreading is asymmetrical, with the inward progress of the dune eventually arrested and its bulk migrating to larger radii. A one-dimensional depth-averaged model recovers the nearly linear perpendicular profile of the dune, but does not capture the finer nonlinear details of the master curves. A two-dimensional version of the model leads to an advection–diffusion equation that reproduces the lateral spreading and radial migration. Simulations using the discrete element method reproduce in more quantitative detail many of the experimental findings and furnish further insight into the flow dynamics.

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M.E., Montes-Arvizu O. Chávez Alegría* S.A. Zamora Castro. "EVALUATION OF GRANULAR MATERIAL QUALITY ACCORDING TO CURRENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRANULAR BASES." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 7 (2017): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824961.

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Establishing the quality methods and specifications for the granular material of the granular base is a topic of interest and concern to societies. However, it is common to find in many regions that quality specifications are obsolete, do not present the current level of knowledge about the characterization of granular material and reject the use of some materials for not meeting their requirements. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate consistency and compliance of different granular material properties with respect to current standards of granular base of pavement, by means of the standard deviation and Percent within Limits (PWL) respectively. The quality requirements analyzed are the percentage of elongated and slab particles, sand equivalent value, liquid limit, plasticity index, resistance to abrasion and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) index. The results showed that the granular materials do not satisfactorily meet the requirements of the standards as well as the properties of the materials are inconsistent. This suggests that the current requirements for bases probably need to be restructured to obtain a higher compliance for materials that present geotechnical conditions similar to those evaluated in this research, under scientific support and without compromising the stability and functionality of the base.

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Renuka, K., and P. Arti Sudam. "Study on Strength Characteristics of Granular Materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012019.

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Abstract Crushing strength of granular material plays vital role in major civil engineering structures like offshore constructions, pile driving, mining under the high stresses. Determining the crushing strength of granular materials and also experimental results get influenced by its size, shape of grains, density, load application, strain rate, and its aspect ratio etc. So, crushing strength value differs from material to material. With this in view, here an attempt is made to determine the crushing strength for different granular materials like Natural River sand, Ennore sand, Glass beads and Geopolymer fly ash sand with specially fabricated mold. All materials are tested and characterized for index and engineering properties and also determined crushing strength by strain controlled digital load frame for different aspect ratios. Similar crushing strength values obtained for 12M Geo-polymer sand compared to other granular materials hence Geopolymer sand as an alternative material to natural river sand. Experimental results are tabulated in the paper.

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Shikula, E. N., and N. B. Zhukova. "Model of nonlinear deformation of granular composites." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 2 (2023): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2023/2.30.

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The model of nonlinear deformation of a granular composite material of a stochastic structure with physically nonlinear components was constructed. The basis is the stochastic differential equations of the physically nonlinear theory of elasticity by L.P. Khoroshun. The solution to the problem of the stress-strain state and effective deformable properties of the composite material is built using the averaging method. An algorithm for determining the effective properties of granular material with physically nonlinear components has been developed. The solution of nonlinear equations, taking into account their physical nonlinearity, is constructed by the iterative method. The law of the relationship between macrostresses and macrostrains in granular material and the dependence of average strains and stresses in its components on macrostrains has been established. Curves of deformation of the material were constructed for different values of the volume content of its components. The dependence of the effective deformable properties of the granular material on the volume content of the components was studied. The effect of component nonlinearity on the deformation of granular composite material was studied. It was established that the nonlinearity of the components significantly affects the effective deformable properties and the stress-strain state of granular materials.

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Darde, Benjamin, Anh Minh Tang, Jean-Michel Pereira, et al. "Modelling the hydromechanical behaviour of expansive granular mixtures upon hydration." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019502006.

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Bentonite pellet-powder mixtures are candidate sealing materials in radioactive waste disposal concepts. The mixture is installed in galleries in dry state as a granular material. The material is progressively hydrated by the pore water of the host rock and becomes homogeneous. Before homogenisation, the granular structure controls the material behaviour. In the present work, a modelling approach able to address particular features of pellet-powder mixtures is introduced. Two domains are considered: i) granular, and ii) homogeneous. The material behaviour before homogenisation is studied through Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. Constitutive laws for the granular state are proposed from DEM results. The behaviour of the homogenised material is described by a modified Barcelona Basic Model (BBM). Transition from granular to homogeneous states depends on suction and relative volume fractions of pellets and powder. Swelling pressure tests performed in the laboratory are satisfactorily simulated using this approach.

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Bakhshinejad, A., and P. Zamankhan. "SWIRL GRANULAR FLOWS IN A HORIZONTAL SHAKEN GRANULAR MATERIAL." International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 15 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2012.36922.

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White, Greg, and Roberto Espinosa. "Laboratory Evaluation of Gradation Improvement of Marginal Materials for Foamed Bitumen Stabilisation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124224.

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Foamed bitumen stabilisation is an attractive technology for increasing the use of marginal materials in pavement construction and rehabilitation. However, by their very nature, marginal materials do not meet the prescriptive requirements of many standard specifications. Consequently, performance-related evaluation is required. For foamed bitumen stabilised marginal materials, the cured and saturated moduli are common performance-related parameters that are also used for characterisation during structural pavement design. In this research, the indirect tensile moduli of three foamed bitumen stabilised marginal granular materials were compared to the modulus of a standard or premium material, in both cured and saturated conditions, after 3, 7 and 14 days of accelerated laboratory curing. The results indicated that the magnitude of granular material marginality was not related to the stabilised material modulus. Furthermore, the gradations of the two most marginal materials were improved by blending with another granular material and the improved marginal materials were also stabilised and tested. The gradation improvement had a variable effect on the stabilised material modulus, with the average modulus increasing by more than 20%. The modulus increase associated with the gradation improvement was related to the basis and magnitude of granular material marginality, with the saturated modulus of the most plastic marginal material increasing by the greater amount after improvement. It was concluded that foamed bitumen stabilisation is a particularly effective treatment for marginal granular materials. Furthermore, when used in combination with gradation improvement, the resulting foamed bitumen stabilised material can perform similarly to standard materials, based on cured and soaked modulus values. However, to allow the use of foamed bitumen stabilised marginal materials in pavement construction, specifications must be more performance-related and the current limits on plasticity and gradation must be relaxed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A granular material"

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Alsaydalani, Majed Omar Ahmad. "Internal fluidisation of granular material." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/385439/.

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Magnusson, Simon. "Environmental Perspectives on Urban Material Stocks used in Construction : Granular Materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60305.

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The peoples demand of functions and services in cities is the driver for energy and material flows. Most people in the world are now living in urban areas. In order to achieve a sustainable development of cities, both resource use and environmental impact have to be reduced. For construction activities, an important aspect is to increase the reuse of construction materials. From a resource perspective, the urban demand for construction of buildings, infrastructure and other facilities results in materials accumulated in constructions but also in other applications and in landfills. The materials can be described as the urban material stock where some materials are used and others are not used, i.e. wasted. There are many cases where material stocks are used for construction purposes. For example, used concrete and bricks, excavated soil and rock from construction projects and other wasted materials such as rubber from tires can be crushed, shredded and sorted to granules and used in many different construction applications. Different perspectives can be applied when assessing the environmental impacts of using stocked material in construction. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the environmental impacts of using granular soil, rock and rubber in construction. For soil and rock, the aim is to study the environmental impact of material management in urban areas. For granular rubber, the aim is to study the environmental impact of artificial turf from a life cycle perspective and from different infill materials of recycled and new rubber and plastics. The literature of excavated soil and rock was reviewed in order to identify and quantify the material flows and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the management of soil and rock materials. For artificial turf and the different infill materials, a life cycle approach was used to quantify the energy use and GHG emissions. A chemical analysis of potential chemical leaching from the different infill materials to water was conducted in order to compare potential local emissions to water. Based on the results, it was concluded that the knowledge about the urban flows of excavated soil and rock is lacking in terms of patterns, quantities, qualities and its environmental performance. A resource perspective is missing in the literature. However, the recycling of soil and rock can reduce resource use and GHG emissions. It was suggested that models are developed that take into account future material demand and availability to soils and rock. From such information it would be able to assess sustainable management practices and the possibilities of sharing materials between urban construction projects in order to reduce resource use and environmental impact. It was concluded that for the life cycle of artificial turf, the production of construction materials contributes largely to energy use and GHG emissions. Differences in terms of energy use and GHG emissions for the production of infill materials are large. The production of new material required more energy and resulted in more GHG emissions than using recycled rubber. The potential release of substances from infill materials to water were shown to be possible for all infill materials analyzed. Previous assessments of local environmental impacts of using infills generally concludes that the impacts are small. These assessments are primarily focused on infill of recycled tires. It is therefore concluded that environmental assessments of local impact should include all infill types. Environmental assessments of using stocked materials in construction should take into consideration the material applications´ significance for the environmental impacts at a higher system level. Broader system boundaries in environmental assessments will reduce the risk for sub-optimizations when taking decisions on how materials should be used in construction.

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Santos, Armindo dos 1941. "Sintese e caracterização do solido granular magnetico Fe-Al2O3." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267561.

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Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi<br>Tese (doutorado)- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T18:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_Armindodos_D.pdf: 7638944 bytes, checksum: d4ef1ecfabaa13aaa001d758ac340227 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigamos a síntese e as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do nanocompósito Fe-Ah03, constituído de nanopartículas de Fe metálico embebidas na matriz Al203. Este nanocompósito pertence a uma classe de novos materiais mais conhecida como sólidos granulares magnéticos, materiais de grande potencial tecnológico e científico. O desafio de sintetizar tais sólidos granulares está em inibir a percolação e crescimento das partículas metálicas, de modo a preservar as propriedades magnéticas singulares que tais sistemas apresentam. Métodos de síntese como "Sputtering" e Moagem mecânica têm usado o próprio Fe metálico "buIk" como precursor para obter, respectivamente, os sólidos granulares Fe-Si02 e Fe-Al203. Optamos, aqui, por usar o método químico conhecido por Processo Sol-gel para sintetizar Fe-Al203, partindo de óxidos de Fe como precursores para se obter as nanopartículas de Fe metálico dispersas na matriz de alumina. Teve-se, como hipótese básica, a introdução de uma mesoporosidade na estrutura inorgânica do gel de Fe-Ah03. A função da mesoporosidade é inibir o processo de sinterização das partículas durante o tratamento térmico da rede inorgânica de Fe-Al203 bem como maximizar a taxa de conversão destes óxidos de Fe em Fe. Foram obtidas amostras com frações volumétricas de Fe variando desde 0,9% até 62% em três diferentes séries de amostras: Série A, Série B e Série C, usando como precursores nitrato de alumínio e sulfato de Fe. O método de preparação utilizado produz, inicialmente, uma mistura de óxidos hidratados de Fe e de Al203 além de formadores de poros (os próprios ligantes salinos). Para a conversão dos óxidos de Fe para Fe os melhores resuhados foram obtidos quando se realizou uma calcinação a 800°C, por duas horas, ao ar ambiente, seguida de uma cuidadosa redução a 600°C, por duas horas, em hidrogênio ultrapuro. Caracterizações por Diftatometria de Raios X e por Espectroscopia Mõssbauer mos tram que a matriz a-Al203, de baixíssima cristalinidade, após redução, para uma amostra típica contendo 51,3% em volume de Fe total, possui as seguintes fases de Fe: Fe (-77%), a- Fe203, y-Fe203 e Fe304 (ambas tota1i7.ando -17%) e íons de Fe3+(substitucional) e Fe2+(intersticial) na rede de a-Al203 (ambos totalizando -6%). As partículas de Fe atingiram diâmetro médio máximo de -730 ~ mostrando que a introdução de poros com diâmetro médio de 90 A (determinado pelo Método BET) inibiu maiores crescimentos dessas partículas. Medidas de magnetometria de amostra vibrante, à temperatura ambiente, nas 3 faixas de concentração de Fe investigadas, mostram elevados valores de coercividade (Hc) e valores de magnetização de saturação (Ms) abaixo do valor teórico esperado para amostras com porcentagens equivalentes de Fe e óxidos de Fe: na faixa de ftação volumétrica de 0,9% a 2,3% de Fe em Ah03, com taxas de conversão igual a -22% de Fe, obteve-se amostras com valor máximo de fie de 816 Oe, de Ms 2,3 emu/g e diâmetro médio de Fe não mensurável; na faixa de ftação volumétrica de 2,5% a 17% de Fe em Ah03, com taxas de conversão de 11 a 52%, obteve-se valores de fie entre 540 e 800 Oe, de Ms entre 0,1 elO emu/g e faixa de diâmetro médio de Fe entre 120 e 520 A; e na faixa de ftação volumétrica de Fe em Ah03 de 23% a 62%, com taxas de conversão entre 50 e 80%, obteve-se valores de fie entre 400 Oe e 650 Oe, Ms entre 39 e 110 emu/g e faixa de diâmetro médio de Fe entre 530 e 800 Á<br>Abstract: ln this work, we bave investigated the synthesis and the structura1 and magnetic properties of the Fe-Ah03 nanocomposite which is formed by mettallic Fe nanopartieles embedded into an Ah03 matrix. This nanocomposite belongs to a new materiaIs class tbat it is more known as magnetic granular solids, materiaIs that bave a great technological and scientific potential.howed high coercivity (Hç) values and saturation magnetization (Ms) values lesser than the expected theoretical value to the samples with equivalent percentage of Fe and iron oxides: in the Fe volumetric fraction range ofO.9% to 2.3% ofFe in Ah03 with conversion rate equal to 22% of Fe, it was obtained samples with Hc maximal value of 816 Oe, Ms value of 2.3 emu/g and Fe medium diameter not measurable; in the volumetric fraction range ofFe in Ah03 of2.5% to 17%, with conversion rate between 11 and 52% ofFe, it was obtained Hc values between 540 and 800 Oe, Ms values between 0.1 and 10 emulg and Fe medium diameter between 120 and 520 Á; and in the Fe in Ah03 volumetric fraction range of23% to 62%, with convertion rate between 50 and 80%, it was obtained Hc values between 400 and 650 Oe, Ms values between 39 and 110 emulg and Fe medium diameter between 530 and 800 Á<br>Doutorado<br>Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica<br>Doutor em Engenharia Química

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Larsson, Simon. "Modelling and Characterisation of Granular Material Flow." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Material- och solidmekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62670.

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Granular materials are very common both in nature and in industry, and their extensive use means that there are financial incentives for increased efficiency. There are huge costs related to their use and handling, which is a major motivation for increased knowledge of the behaviour of granular materials at different loading conditions. The development of tools for numerical simulation of granular materials at diverse flow conditions gives the opportunity to study and optimise various industrial processes. In order for such tools to be trustworthy, calibration and validation against experimental results is essential. Thus, experimental methods for accurate measurement and characterisation of granular material flow are required. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of non-cohesive, dry granular materials, at dissimilar flow conditions. In order to fulfil this objective, an experimental method, able to capture the flow behaviour of granular materials is developed. The method is based on the digital image correlation technique, and it is used for field measurements of displacement and velocity. The devised method is used to obtain field measurements for the flow of sand, tungsten carbide powder and potassium chloride. For modelling and simulation, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and a pressure-dependent, elastic-plastic constitutive model are used. In this thesis, experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of granular material flow is performed in a number of applications. An experimental powder filling rig is used to study the flow during filling of sand into a die. A high-speed digital camera is used to record the flow, and the digital image correlation technique is used to obtain field measurements during the filling. This method is also applied in another experimental setup, where flow during filling of spherical tungsten carbide powder into a die is studied. The filling of tungsten carbide powder is simulated using the SPH method, and the results are compared to the field measurements with good agreement. Furthermore, the flow of potassium chloride is studied experimentally in the collapse of a granular column and in the discharge from a flat bottomed silo. The material flow process in both the column collapse and silo discharge are simulated using the SPH method. The results from simulations are found to be in agreement with observations reported in literature, and with experimental measurements obtained in this work. In conclusion, an experimental method for characterising granular material flow through field measurements is presented. The method is used to support the exploration of numerical tools for modelling and simulation of granular material flow. Furthermore, the high accuracy field measurements are used for improved calibration and validation of numerical methods. Reliable numerical simulations allows for study of the mechanisms that are present during granular material flow, mechanisms that might be hard or even impossible to investigate experimentally. The work within the present thesis contributes to the knowledge of both experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of granular material flow.

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Jadrnak, Sharon Marie. "Experimental studies of bimodal granular material flows." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16107.

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O'Donovan, John. "Micromechanics of wave propagation through granular material." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23921.

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The stiffness of soil is an important parameter that has implications on soil-structure interaction, on the response to earthquake motion and on the response of soils to dynamic loadings. Stiffness reduces and behaves plastically at medium to high strains; however, at small-strain the stiffness has been observed to be a constant value and elastic. Small-strain stiffness governs the soil-structure interaction during construction projects and site response during dynamic loading due to earthquakes and man-made operations. Quantifying stiffness, in particular shear stiffness, at small-strain is difficult due to the effect of sample fabric on the values measured and the resolution of the testing equipment that is available. Wave propagation has been used to measure the stiffness of samples by propagating waves in different directions and in different planes. This thesis aims to examine the propagation of stress waves through a granular medium. Samples were created using the numerical discrete element method (DEM) in two- and three-dimensions. Waves, created by a point source, were propagated through the samples and this propagation was measured using micromechanical data. The speed of the propagating wave was assessed using existing techniques and novel methods developed during the research. The effect of macro-scale parameters, such as sample boundary conditions, and the effect of micro-scale parameters, such as interparticle contact laws, on sample stiffness were examined. Randomly packed samples were created with a quantifiable fabric tensor, measured using the contact force network. Wave propagation in different directions was examined to quantify the effect of inherent anisotropy on the sample stiffness. Samples were confined at anisotropic confining pressures to isolate the effect of induced anisotropy on the sample stiffness. Wave propagation results were compared with the results of small amplitude stress probes for a number of simulations and with experimental work carried out in the University of Bristol.

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Lee, Seunghun Marghitu Dan B. "Impacts of kinematic links with a granular material." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1751.

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Nordberg, John. "A constraint based viscoplastic model of granular material." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-40626.

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The goal of this thesis is to develop a constraint based viscoplastic fluid model suitable for time-efficient dynamics simulation in 3D of granular matter. The model should be applicable to both the static and dense flow regime and at large pressures. The thesis is performed for UMIT Research Lab at Umeå University. It is a part of the research at UMIT connected to LKAB and Volvo CE and its applications can be in simulating industrial processes or training simulators. My work is based on previous work done by Claude Lacoursière, Martin Servin and Kenneth Bodin. They have created a constraint fluid model based on {\sph} and Claude's PhD. thesis. This model is extended with additional constraints to handle shear forces, which is necessary to model granular material. Some test cases are specified and compared visually to each other and to the results of other work. The model seems to work visually but more analysis and larger systems are needed to be certain. The model should scale well and is well suited for parallellization.

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Hsiau, Shu-San Hunt Melany L. Hunt Melany L. "Shear-induced transport properties of granular material flows /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08292007-090134.

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Khambekar, Jayant Vijay. "Kinetic Theory for Anisotropic Thermalization and Transport of Vibrated Granular Material." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/246.

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The purpose of this work is to develop a continuum theory that may be used to predict the effects of anisotropic boundary vibrations on loose granular assemblies. In order to do so, we extend statistical averaging techniques employed in the kinetic theory to derive an anisotropic flow theory for rapid, dense flows of identical, inelastic spheres. The theory is anisotropic in the sense that it treats the full second moment of velocity fluctuations, rather than only its isotropic piece, as a mean field to be determined. In this manner, the theory can, for example, predict granular temperatures that are different in different directions. The flow theory consists of balance equations for mass, momentum, and full second moment of velocity fluctuations, as well as constitutive relations for the pressure tensor, the flux of second moment, and the source of second moment. The averaging procedure employed in deriving the constitutive relations is based on a Maxwellian that is perturbed due to the presence of a deviatoric second and full third moment of velocity fluctuations. Because the theory is anisotropic, it can predict the normal stress differences observed in granular shear flows, as well as the evolution to isotropy in an assembly with granular temperatures that are initially highly anisotropic. In order to complement the theory, we employ similar statistical techniques to derive boundary conditions that ensure that the flux of momentum as well as the flux of second moment are balanced at the vibrating boundary. The bumps are hemispheres arranged in regular arrays, and the fluctuating boundary motion is described by an anisotropic Maxwellian distribution function. The bumpiness of the surface may be adjusted by changing the size of the hemispheres, the spacing between the hemispheres in two separate array-directions, and the angle between the two directions. Statistical averaging consistent with the constitutive theory yields the rates at which momentum and full second moment are transferred to the flow. In order to present results in a form that is easy to interpret physically, the statistical parameters that describe the boundary fluctuations are related in a plausible manner to amplitudes and frequencies of sinusoidal vibrations that may differ in three mutually perpendicular directions, and to phase angles that may be adjusted between the three directions of vibration. The focus of the results presented here is on the steady response of unconfined granular assemblies that are thermalized and driven by horizontal bumpy vibrating boundaries. In a first detailed study of the effects of the boundary geometry and boundary motion on the overall response of the assemblies, the anisotropic theory is reduced to a more familiar isotropic form. The resulting theory predicts the manner in which the profiles of isotropic granular temperature and solid volume fraction as well as the uniform velocity and corresponding flow rate vary with spacings between the bumps, angle of the bump-array, energy of vibration, direction of vibration, and phase angles of the vibration. In a second study, we solve the corresponding, but more elaborate, boundary value problem for anisotropic flows induced by anisotropic boundary vibrations. The main focus in presenting these results is on the differences between granular temperatures in three perpendicular directions normal and tangential to the vibrating surface, and how each is affected by the bumpiness of the boundary and the direction of the vibration. In each case, we calculate the corresponding nonuniform velocity profile, solid volume fraction profile, and mass flow rate.

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Books on the topic "A granular material"

1

Gy, Pierre. Sampling of heterogeneous and dynamic material systems: Theories of heterogeneity, sampling, and homogenizing. Elsevier, 1992.

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Roberts, Freddy L. Establishing material properties for thin asphalt concrete surfaces on granular bases. The Institute, 1985.

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Congress, Indian Roads. Guidelines for soil and granular material stabilization using Cement, Lime & Fly Ash. Indian Road Congress, 2010.

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Duran, Jacques. Sands, powders, and grains: An introduction to the physics of granular materials. Springer, 2000.

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Surajit, Sen, Hunt Melany L, Hurd Alan J, Materials Research Society Meeting, and Symposium on Granular Material-Based Technologies (2002 : Boston, Mass.), eds. Granular material-based technologies: Symposium held December 2-3, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Materials Research Society, 2003.

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Lee, Sunggyu, and Kimberly H. Henthorn. Particle technology and applications. Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Antony, S. Joseph, W. Hoyle, and Yulong Ding, eds. Granular Materials. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847550996.

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Davitt, S. Review of granular materials. Environmental ResearchUnit, 1993.

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Cambou, Bernard, Michel Jean, and Farhang Radja, eds. Micromechanics of Granular Materials. ISTE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470611616.

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Cambou, Bernard, ed. Behaviour of Granular Materials. Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2526-7.

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Book chapters on the topic "A granular material"

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Wang, Shun, Wei Wu, and Zhenyu Yin. "Creep Modelling of Granular Material." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_30.

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Nguyen, Hoang Bao Khoi, and Mizanur Rahman. "Drained Response of Granular Material." In Contemporary Issues in Soil Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01941-9_15.

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Masmoudi, Marwa, Stéphane Job, Mohamed Slim Abbes, and Imad Tawfiq. "Granular Material for Vibration Suppression." In Mechatronic Systems: Theory and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07170-1_5.

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Sadovskaya, Oxana, and Vladimir Sadovskii. "Finite Strains of a Granular Material." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29053-4_9.

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Thölén, A. R. "Particle-Particle Interaction in Granular Material." In Fundamentals of Friction: Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2811-7_6.

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Savage, S. B. "Modeling and Granular Material Boundary Value Problems." In Physics of Dry Granular Media. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2653-5_2.

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Xu, Jing, Jian Wang, Dongpo Wang, and Zheng Chen. "Measurement of Velocity and Particle Size in Shock Wave Area Generated by Experimental Granular Flow Impacting on a Cylinder Based on Image Processing Methods." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_25.

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AbstractThe measurement of flow velocity and particle size remains an important issue in granular -flow dynamics and can provide important basis to better understand the physics in granular material, particularly when it impacts on a structure. In this study, laboratory chute experiments were performed with quartz-glass particle materials to investigate the characteristics of granular shock developed upstream of a cylinder generated by granular flow impacts. A time series of flow images recorded by a camera has been analyzed and processed using the digital image processing methods such as the gray processing, the image binarization, the image corrosion and expansion, and the generative adversarial networks, with a goal of obtaining flow velocity and particle size in the granular shock area. The experimental results reveal that the granular-flow velocity grows with increasing slope angle. The granular shock thickness shows a general increase with the growing number of particles in the shock area, and the number of particles demonstrates an inversely proportional to increasing Froude number, providing a potential method for determining the particle size of dense granular flow. The findings of this study could help to better understand the shock dynamics of granular flow impacting on an obstacle.

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Koga, T., T. Sato, A. Weller, and K. Ono. "Numerical Simulation of a Granular Material Damper." In New Trends in Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09411-3_55.

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Holladay, Seth, and Parris Egbert. "Granular Material Deposition for Simulation and Texturing." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31567-1_16.

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Darve, F., and F. Laouafa. "Modelling of granular avalanches as material instabilities." In Bifurcation and Localisation Theory in Geomechanics. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210931-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "A granular material"

1

Aoyama, Yuichiro, Amin Haeri, and Evangelos A. Theodorou. "Optimal Control of Granular Material." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10611171.

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Terrile, Silvia, Loong Yi Lee, and Jonathan Rossiter. "MultiGrainGripper: Enhancing FinRay Soft Grippers to Grasp Granular Material." In 2025 IEEE 8th International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/robosoft63089.2025.11020847.

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Mieldazys, Ramunas, Egle Jotautiene, Aloyzas Gaudutis, and Algirdas Jasinskas. "Comparison of physical mechanical properties of granulated fertilizer produced from composted cattle and dried cow, Pig and poultry manure." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf051.

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The advantages of granular organic fertilizers are more convenient handling, storage, transportation, compared to traditional management of manure with litter. Manure granulation can increase the bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and make these materials easier to handle using traditional existing handling and storage equipment. There were prepared four experimental samples of various manure mill and granules in laboratory conditions. For granule production a 7.5 kW granulator, with a horizontal 6 mm matrix was used. During the research, the physical-mechanical characteristics were estimated: biometric properties (dimensions, mass), raw material and granule volume and density, humidity, and granule strength of various composition cattle, cow, pig, and poultry manure material. Cattle manure compost contained the most material (65%) of the mass fraction, up to 0.25 mm. In dried cow, pig, and poultry manure, the amount of fraction material was mostly from 1 to 2 mm. The obtained results show that the highest bulk density of the prepared mill was from cow manure and the lowest bulk density was from poultry manure. The highest moisture content was also for cow manure, and the lowest determined moisture content was for poultry manure samples. The highest density was determined for cattle manure compost granules. The highest compressive strength, in the horizontal plane, was determined for hen manure granules, the force required to crush them reached 657 N. The aim of this work is to compare the main physical and mechanical properties of the studied manure material and produced experimental granules.

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Ng, Tang-Tat. "Gravitational Effect on Material Response of Granular Materials." In 12th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments; and Fourth NASA/ARO/ASCE Workshop on Granular Materials in Lunar and Martian Exploration. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41096(366)12.

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Lee, Dong Wook, Zheng-Dong Ma, and Noboru Kikuchi. "Application of Tubes Filled With Granules for Crashworthy Design of Automobiles." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-44100.

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An innovative means for improving crashworthiness is to use tubes filled with a granular material to absorb energy during the process of a crash. In this paper, we will study how to use granular materials in the tubes found in the front posts of automobiles for improved safety. The focus will be on a specific design of tubes filled with a granular material. Note that granular particles can create enormous friction through their interactions; therefore a tube filled with a granular material can absorb much more crash energy than an empty tube. The application of granular materials to a crashworthiness design is very challenging but highly effective. In this paper, we will develop an analytic model based on the effective thickness theory of a tube filled with granules.

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Bloom, Michael, Michael Russell, Aliaksei Kustau, et al. "Measurement of Granular Material Packing." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROMECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3179890.

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Francois, N., M. Saadatfar, M. Hanifpour, R. Cruikshank, and A. Sheppard. "Crystallisation in a granular material." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2013: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4811944.

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Sharma, Aashish, Dayakar Penumadu, and Christoph Glößner. "Projectile penetration in granular material." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0000898.

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Nakanishi, Satoshi, Shumpei Akahoshi, and Mitsunori Matsushita. "Granular Material Display: Information Presentation System using Two Layers of Granular Material and Speakers." In 2019 Nicograph International (NicoInt). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nicoint.2019.00025.

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Alatur, Nikhilesh, Olov Andersson, Roland Siegwart, and Lionel Ott. "Material-Agnostic Shaping of Granular Materials with Optimal Transport." In 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342505.

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Reports on the topic "A granular material"

1

Tordesillas, Antoinette. Multiscale Phenomena in the Solid-Liquid Transition State of a Granular Material: Analysis and Modelling of Dense Granular Materials. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574174.

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Chen, Weinong W., and Dimitri Peroulis. Impact Response of Granular Material at Global and Meso Scales. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580872.

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Rajagopal, K., and M. Massoudi. A method for measuring the material moduli of granular materials: Flow in an orthogonal rheometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7221796.

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Embid, P., and M. Baer. Mathematical analysis of a two-phase model for reactive granular material. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5233068.

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Behringer, Robert P. Multiscale Phenomena in the Solid-Liquid Transition State of a Granular Material. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574031.

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Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.

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Tarpley, Danielle, and David Perkey. Impacts of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) on erosion behavior of muddy sediment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44841.

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Recent policy changes regarding the placement of dredged material have encouraged the USACE to increase its beneficial use (BU) of the sediments dredged from the nation’s navigation channels. A good portion of this material is fine grained (<63 μm), which traditionally has limited use in BU applications, in part due to its dispersive nature. A need exists to evaluate the potential of stabilizing and using fine-grained sediment (FGS) in BU projects. Previous studies have shown the addition of granular sand to FGS reduces the mobility of the bed. The potential of using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), an amendment commonly used in environmental capping involving FGS, as a similar bed stabilizing material was explored in this study. A series of laboratory erosion tests using Sedflume were performed on FGS-GAC mixtures that ranged from 5% to 20% GAC by mass. Results suggested that GAC content ≤10% had no influence on the stability of the bed while GAC content ≥15% appeared to reduce both critical shear stress (τcr) and erosion rate (n). However, when compared to control cores, those without GAC, clear evidence of bed stabilization of FGS from the addition of GAC was not observed.

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Thembeka Ncube, Ayanda, and Antonio Bobet. Use of Recycled Asphalt. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317316.

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The term Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to designate a material obtained from the removal of pavement materials. RAP is used across the US in multiple applications, largely on asphalt pavement layers. RAP can be described as a uniform granular non-plastic material, with a very low percentage of fines. It is formed by aggregate coated with a thin layer of asphalt. It is often used mixed with other granular materials. The addition of RAP to aggregates decreases the maximum dry unit weight of the mixture and decreases the optimum water content. It also increases the Resilient Modulus of the blend but decreases permeability. RAP can be used safely, as it does not pose any environmental concerns. The most important disadvantage of RAP is that it displays significant creep. It seems that this is caused by the presence of the asphaltic layer coating the aggregate. Creep increases with pressure and with temperature and decreases with the degree of compaction. Creep can be mitigated by either blending RAP with aggregate or by stabilization with chemical compounds. Fly ash and cement have shown to decrease, albeit not eliminate, the amount of creep. Mechanical stabilizing agents such as geotextiles may also be used.

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Boyle, E., and M. Massoudi. A kinetic theory derivation of the stress tensor for granular material that includes normal stress effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5207147.

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Haff, P. K. Microscopic modelling of sound waves in granular material: Quarterly progress report, January 1, 1989--March 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6182233.

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