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Journal articles on the topic 'A/H1N1 influenza antigen'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sominina, Anna A., Maria M. Pisareva, Mikhail P. Grudinin, et al. "Two years of experience in hospital surveillance for the severe influenza like illnesses in St. Petersburg: etiology, clinical characterization of diseases, antigenic and genetic properties of isolated influenza viruses." Microbiology Independent Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2015): 44–55. https://doi.org/10.18527/2500-2236-2015-2-1-44-55.

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   In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity

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2

Allen, James D., Xiaojian Zhang, Jessica M. Medina, et al. "Computationally Optimized Hemagglutinin Proteins Adjuvanted with Infectimune® Generate Broadly Protective Antibody Responses in Mice and Ferrets." Vaccines 12, no. 12 (2024): 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121364.

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Background/Objectives: Standard-of-care influenza vaccines contain antigens that are typically derived from components of wild type (WT) influenza viruses. Often, these antigens elicit strain-specific immune responses and are susceptible to mismatch in seasons where antigenic drift is prevalent. Thanks to advances in viral surveillance and sequencing, influenza vaccine antigens can now be optimized using computationally derived methodologies and algorithms to enhance their immunogenicity. Methods: Mice and ferrets that had been previously exposed to historical H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses w

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3

Lee, Byung-Kee, Jung-Ki Ju, Bong-Seok Choi, Sang-Gun Jung, Jin-A. Jung, and Hyun-Jin Yun. "Usefulness of Influenza Rapid Antigen Test in Influenza A (H1N1)." Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease 22, no. 1 (2012): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7581/pard.2012.22.1.71.

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4

Li, Junwei, Maria Arévalo, Yanping Chen, Jacob Smith, Olivia Pasadas, and Mingtao Zeng. "Broad spectrum immunity against influenza viruses elicited by intranasal vaccination with a new recombinant subunit vaccine (VAC2P.924)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 72.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.72.2.

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Abstract Frequent mutation of influenza viruses keep vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations vulnerable to new infections, causing serious burdens to public health and the economy. Vaccination with universal influenza vaccines would be the best way to effectively protect people from infection caused by mismatched or unforeseen influenza viruses. Presently, there is no FDA approved universal influenza vaccine. In this study, we expressed and purified a fusion recombinant protein CTB-3×M2e-HA2 which comprises of influenza matrix 2 protein ectodomain peptides, a centralized influenza hemaggluti

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5

Patil, Veerupaxagouda, Juan F. Hernandez-Franco, Ganesh Yadagiri, et al. "Characterization of the Efficacy of a Split Swine Influenza A Virus Nasal Vaccine Formulated with a Nanoparticle/STING Agonist Combination Adjuvant in Conventional Pigs." Vaccines 11, no. 11 (2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111707.

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Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) are pathogens of both veterinary and medical significance. Intranasal (IN) vaccination has the potential to reduce flu infection. We investigated the efficacy of split SwIAV H1N2 antigens adsorbed with a plant origin nanoparticle adjuvant [Nano11–SwIAV] or in combination with a STING agonist ADU-S100 [NanoS100–SwIAV]. Conventional pigs were vaccinated via IN and challenged with a heterologous SwIAV H1N1-OH7 or 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. Immunologically, in NanoS100–SwIAV vaccinates, we observed enhanced frequencies of activated monocytes in the blood of the pa

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Kang, Xilong, Yun Yang, Yang Jiao, et al. "HA1-2-fljB Vaccine Induces Immune Responses against Pandemic Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Virus in Mice." Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 26, no. 6 (2016): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448895.

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In 2009, a novel pandemic swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus caused a public emergency of international concern. Vaccination is the primary strategy for the control of influenza epidemics. However, the poor immunopotency of many vaccine antigens is a major barrier to the development of effective vaccines against influenza. Flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) ligand, has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immunopotency of vaccines in preclinical studies. Here, we developed a recombinant candidate vaccine, HA1-2-fljB, in which the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen (res

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7

Price, Jordan, Justin Jarrell, David Furman, et al. "Influenza antigen microarrays reveal reactivity signatures associated with effective response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination (P4295)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 123.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.11.

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Abstract Existing methods to measure influenza vaccine immunogenicity prohibit detailed analysis of epitope determinants recognized by immunoglobulins. We developed influenza hemagglutinin (HA) whole-protein and peptide microarrays and validated that the arrays allow detection of specific antibody reactivity across a broad dynamic range using commercially available antibodies targeted to linear and conformational HA epitopes. In a cohort of 76 young and elderly subjects administered with the 2007/2008 trivalent influenza vaccine, we observed reactivity to influenza whole-protein and peptide ar

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8

Kok, Jen, David W. Smith, and Dominic E. Dwyer. "Laboratory diagnosis of influenza and the impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 1 (2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11007.

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Aetiological confirmation of respiratory tract infections in patients facilitates appropriate antimicrobial use and infection control procedures. From a public health perspective, the laboratory confirmation of influenza allows assessment of circulating viruses, community attack rates and the efficacy of vaccination programs, while assisting modelling as part of pandemic preparedness planning. Rapid antigen and immunofluorescent antigen tests are relatively insensitive in detecting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza compared to seasonal subtypes, and influenza subtype-specific nucleic acid amplifi

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9

Hahn, Michael, Paul Schnitzler, Brunhilde Schweiger, et al. "Boost Vaccination Improves Humoral Immune Response Against Influenza Virus In Patients With Multiple Myeloma." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3206.3206.

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Abstract Background Immune response to viruses in patients with multiple myeloma can be hampered by both the disease and its treatment with chemotherapy and autologous transplantation. H1N1 or seasonal influenza in myeloma patients is often characterized by severe complications. Influenza vaccination is therefore generally recommended for these patients. Nevertheless, there is evidence that in these patients, the immune response to vaccination is frequently insufficient. Preliminary data suggest that the immune response may be increased by a boost vaccination. Methods Vaccination with a triple

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10

Mytle, Nutan, Sonja Leyrer, Jon R. Inglefield, et al. "Influenza Antigens NP and M2 Confer Cross Protection to BALB/c Mice against Lethal Challenge with H1N1, Pandemic H1N1 or H5N1 Influenza A Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 9 (2021): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091708.

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Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is considered a major protective antigen of seasonal influenza vaccine but antigenic drift of HA necessitates annual immunizations using new circulating HA versions. Low variation found within conserved non-HA influenza virus (INFV) antigens may maintain protection with less frequent immunizations. Conserved antigens of influenza A virus (INFV A) that can generate cross protection against multiple INFV strains were evaluated in BALB/c mice using modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines that expressed INFV A antigens hemagglutinin (HA), matrix protein

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De Marco, Maria Alessandra, Claudia Cotti, Elisabetta Raffini, et al. "Long-Term Serological Investigations of Influenza A Virus in Free-Living Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Italy (2007–2014)." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091768.

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Influenza A viruses (IAV) have been repeatedly demonstrated to circulate in wild suid populations. In this study, serum samples were collected from 2618 free-ranging wild boars in a protected area of Northern Italy between 2007 and 2014, and firstly screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against IAV. The ELISA-positive samples were further tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays performed using antigen strains representative of the four major swine IAV (sIAV) lineages circulating in Italy: avian-like swine H1N1, pandemic-like swine H1N1,

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Kok, Jen, and Dominic E. Dwyer. "Diagnosis of influenza following the first wave of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza." Microbiology Australia 31, no. 3 (2010): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10122.

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Aetiological confirmation of respiratory tract infections in individual patients facilitates appropriate antimicrobial use and infection control procedures. From a public health perspective, influenza confirmation allows assessment of community attack rates and the efficacy of vaccination programs, while assisting in modelling for pandemic preparedness planning. Rapid antigen and immunofluorescent antigen tests are relatively insensitive in detecting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, and influenza subtype-specific nucleic acid amplification tests should be used as the ?gold standard? for diagnos

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13

Ponce-Gallegos, Marco Antonio, Aseneth Ruiz-Celis, Enrique Ambrocio-Ortiz, et al. "Polymorphisms in Processing and Antigen Presentation-Related Genes and Their Association with Host Susceptibility to Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic in a Mexican Mestizo Population." Viruses 12, no. 11 (2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111224.

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(1) Background: The influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 virus rapidly spread throughout the world. Despite the inflammatory and virus-degradation pathways described in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, little is known about the role of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes involved in the processing and antigenic presentation-related mechanisms. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, we evaluated 17 SNPs in five genes (TAP1, TAP2, TAPBP, PSMB8, and PSMB9). One hundred and twenty-eight patients with influenza A/H1N1 infection (INF-P) and 111 healthy contacts (HC) wer

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14

Yapparov, R. G., E. Yu Karnaukhova, T. V. Antonova, and D. A. Lioznov. "IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA VACCINATION IN HIV PATIENTS." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 12, no. 1 (2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-1-75-82.

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The Aim: to characterize the immune response to the inﬂuenza vaccine in patients with HIV infection with different degrees of immunosuppression.Materials and methods. 171 HIV-infected adult patients with the different degrees of immunodeﬁciency and 50 HIV-uninfected persons (control group) were vaccinated against inﬂuenza. A single dose of trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing adjuvant was administered intramuscularly. The blood titer of antibodies to inﬂuenza virus antigens A/H1N1/California/, A/H3N2/Hong Kong/, B/Brisbane/ in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction was determined bef

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15

Malyarchikov, A. V., and K. G. Shаpovаlov. "4-1BB/4-1BBL signaling pathway in patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 1 (2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-1-64-69.

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Aim. To evaluate the activity of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL signaling pathway in patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia.Materials and Methods. Here we enrolled 85 patients (41 males and 44 females, median age 48 (36-62) years) with influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia. Among the exclusion criteria were unstable hemodynamics, BMI > 30, diabetes mellitus, HIV, tuberculosis, and cancer. Control group consisted of 15 healthy donors. The diagnosis of influenza A / H1N1 was confirmed by a positive PCR test. Pneumonia was diagnosed according to the Federal Clinical Guidelines «

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16

Poo, Haryoung. "Poly gamma glutamic acid-chitosan nanogel dramatically enhances the protective efficacy and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in mice and ferrets (P4281)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 123.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.4.

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Abstract The global outbreak of 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic emphasized the need for an effective vaccine adjuvant. Here, we examined the adjuvant efficacy of γ-PGA/chitosan nanogel (PC nanogel) for the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine antigen in mice and ferrets. Compared with alum, PC nanogel dramatically enhanced the protective efficacy of this vaccine, with animals exhibiting increased pandemic HA-specific antibody production, higher neutralization activity (HI titer), and earlier virus clearance from lung tissues after homologous (pandemic H1N1) and heterosubtypic (H3N2) viral challen

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Sonnberg, Stephanie, Mariette F. Ducatez, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, et al. "Pandemic Seasonal H1N1 Reassortants Recovered from Patient Material Display a Phenotype Similar to That of the Seasonal Parent." Journal of Virology 90, no. 17 (2016): 7647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00772-16.

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ABSTRACTWe have previously shown that 11 patients became naturally coinfected with seasonal H1N1 (A/H1N1) and pandemic H1N1 (pdm/H1N1) during the Southern hemisphere winter of 2009 in New Zealand. Reassortment of influenza A viruses is readily observed during coinfection of host animals andin vitro; however, reports of reassortment occurring naturally in humans are rare. Using clinical specimen material, we show reassortment between the two coinfecting viruses occurred with high likelihood directly in one of the previously identified patients. Despite the lack of spread of these reassortants i

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De Groot, Anne, Christine Boyle, Matthew Ardito, et al. "Cross-reactive influenza H1N1 T cell epitopes identified by immunoinformatic methods stimulate CD4+ T cell responses (P4303)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 123.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.15.

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Abstract Immune responses to cross-conserved T cell epitopes in novel H1N1 influenza might explain reports of diminished influenza-like illnesses and confirmed infection among older adults, in the absence of cross-reactive humoral immunity, during the 2009 pandemic. We set out to identify and characterize cross-conserved H1N1 T cell epitopes to develop a universal H1N1 influenza vaccine. An immunoinformatic analysis was conducted using all available pandemic and pre-pandemic HA-H1 and NA-N1 sequences dating back to 1980. From 5,738 HA-H1 and 5,396 NA-N1 sequences, 13 HA and 4 NA immunogenic co

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Gaundar, Shiva, Emily Blyth, Leighton Clancy, Renee Simms, and David Gottlieb. "In Vitro Generation of Influenza-Virus Specific T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy,." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4040.4040.

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Abstract Abstract 4040 Influenza viruses cause fatal respiratory infections in stem cell transplant patients. Specific T cells provide long-lived adaptive immunity to influenza and the potential for generating such cells for clinical use was investigated. The inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluvax, CSL Australia) was used as the antigen source. Only reagents and culture media approved for clinical manufacture were used. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) pulsed with Fluvax were used to stimulate autologous PBMC at a responder to stimulator ratio of 10:1. On Day 7, a second stimulation was

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Tompkins, Stephen, Alaina Mooney, Zhou Li, et al. "Vaccination with recombinant PIV5 expressing influenza neuraminidase provides protection against homologous and heterologous influenza virus infection (P4291)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 123.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.9.

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Abstract Vaccination is considered the most effective measure for controlling influenza virus infection, however current vaccination methods are inadequate. Virus-vectored vaccines offer an appealing alternative. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus (NNSV) in the family Paramyxoviridae is an appealing vector candidate as it has a stable genome without a DNA phase in its life cycle, is readily grown to high titers in approved vaccine cell lines, and infects many mammals without causing disease. Neuraminidase (NA), a glycoprotein found on the surface of infl

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Kopera, Edyta, Konrad Zdanowski, Karolina Uranowska, et al. "High-Titre Neutralizing Antibodies to H1N1 Influenza Virus after Mouse Immunization with Yeast Expressed H1 Antigen: A Promising Influenza Vaccine Candidate." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (January 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2463731.

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H1N1 influenza virus is still regarded as a serious pandemic threat. The most effective method of protection against influenza virus and the way to reduce the risk of epidemic or pandemic spread is vaccination. Influenza vaccine manufactured in a traditional way, though well developed, has some drawbacks and limitations which have stimulated interest in developing alternative approaches. In this study, we demonstrate that the recombinant H1 vaccine based on the hydrophilic haemagglutinin (HA) domain and produced in the yeast system elicited high titres of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting ant

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Vakin, V. S., O. S. Konshina, E. M. Wojciechowska, et al. "Immunogenicity of Modern Vaccine Viruses of Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 According to Graphical Analysis." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 16, no. 5 (2017): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-5-28-32.

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Antiepidemic measures were limited effectiveness for several years Objectives of this research were formulated as an assessment of the immunogenicity activity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the composition of modern trivaccines Immunogenicity of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the vaccinated by vaccine was assessed by graphing, reflecting the dynamics of the multiplicity growth of antibodies (MG) and medium ratio of antibodies increasing (MR) in sera for several groups vaccinated. For comparison of vaccinated immunity was determined by traditional methods of evaluation of the immun

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Probst, Peter, John B. Grigg, Emily A. Hemann, et al. "Small molecule agonists of IRF3 activation function as influenza vaccine adjuvants by modulating the humoral and cellular anti-viral immune response." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 76.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.76.2.

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Abstract We have identified a panel of small molecule immunomodulators that activate IRF3 and induce innate immune signaling to drive an antigen-specific protective immune response against viral infections. Our lead adjuvant candidate, KIN1148, binds to retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and induces RIG-I signaling to drive IRF3 activation. Studies using the H1N1 influenza virus challenge model demonstrate that immunization with monovalent influenza split vaccine (SV) and KIN1148 is dose sparing and protects mice against a lethal H1N1 A/California/04/2009 challenge. The SV-H1N1/KIN1148 adj

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Sunwoo, Sun-Young, Michael Schotsaert, Igor Morozov, et al. "A Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine Candidate Tested in a Pig Vaccination-Infection Model in the Presence of Maternal Antibodies." Vaccines 6, no. 3 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6030064.

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The antigenically conserved hemagglutinin stalk region is a target for universal influenza virus vaccines since antibodies against it can provide broad protection against influenza viruses of different subtypes. We tested a universal influenza virus vaccination regimen based on sequential immunization with chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) containing viruses in a swine influenza virus pig model with maternal antibodies against pandemic H1N1. Vaccines were administered as live attenuated virus or inactivated influenza virus split vaccine (+/− Emulsigen adjuvant). As controls, we included groups that

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Krasilnikov, I. V., A. V. Ivanov, A. M. Nikolaeva, et al. "Preclinical study of immunogenicity of adjuvanted quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 99, no. 3 (2022): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-244.

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Background. Preventive vaccination is a vitally important strategic aspect of protection of the population against severe effects of influenza epidemics. The priority attention is given to development of effective tetravalent vaccines containing antigens of two influenza A lineages (H1N1, H3N2) and two influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) in combination with immunoadjuvants.The aim of the work was to conduct the preclinical study of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the innovative tetravalent subunit vaccine containing antigens of influenza A and B viruses as well as a corp

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Nguyen, Quyen Thi, Chaewon Kwak, Jaemoo Kim, Jihyun Yang та Haryoung Poo. "The Complex of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Alum Induces Cross-Protective Immunity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccine". Journal of Immunology 204, № 1_Supplement (2020): 245.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.245.9.

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Abstract Vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect against infectious diseases, and adjuvants are key vaccine components that improve antigen-specific immune responses. Here, we developed a new adjuvant named PGA/Alum by combining poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) with alum and investigated its ability to enhance the immunogenicity and the cross-reactive efficacy of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccine antigen. PGA/Alum highly induced in vitro activation and antigen processing of dendritic cells, and enhanced antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes and antigen-specific immunogenicit

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Li, Yulei, Xi Wang, Xi Zeng, Wenbo Ren, Pu Liao, and Baoli Zhu. "Protective efficacy of a universal influenza mRNA vaccine against the challenge of H1 and H5 influenza A viruses in mice." mLife 2, no. 3 (2023): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mlf2.12085.

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AbstractCurrent influenza vaccines need to be updated annually owing to constant antigenic drift in the globular head of the viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. The immunogenic subdominant stem domain of HA is highly conserved and can be recognized by antibodies capable of binding multiple HA subtypes. Therefore, the HA stem antigen is a promising target for the design of universal influenza vaccines. On the basis of an established lipid nanoparticle‐encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we designed and developed a novel universal influenza mRNA vaccine (mHAs) encoding the HA stem ant

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Nguyen, Quyen Thi, Jihyun Yang, Jaemoo Kim, Chaewon Kwak, and Haryoung Poo. "Poly-gamma glutamic acid/alum enhances the efficacy of vaccine antigen by modulating antigen transport to lymph nodes and the adaptive immune responses." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 125.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.125.17.

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Abstract Vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect against infectious diseases and adjuvants are proven to be the key component in vaccines capable of improving antigen-specific immune responses. Conventional vaccine adjuvants, however, still have several limitations such as safety concerns and insufficient induction of vaccine efficacy. Here, we developed a novel adjuvant by combining poly-gamma glutamic acid (γ-PGA) with alum that is already approved for human use worldwide. The physiochemical properties, efficacy, and underlying mechanism of the PGA/Alum as an adjuvant were inve

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Zheng, Pan, and Yang Liu. "Costimulation by B7 Modulates Specificity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Missing Link That Explains Some Bystander T Cell Activation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 186, no. 10 (1997): 1787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.10.1787.

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It has been proposed that some bystander T cell activation may in fact be due to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no TCR ligand is known to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector CTL. Here we report that transgenic T cells expressing a T cell receptor to influenza virus A/NT/68 nucleoprotein (NP) 366-374:Db complexes clonally expand and become effector CTLs in response to homologous peptid

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Louie, Janice K., Hugo Guevara, Erica Boston, et al. "Rapid Influenza Antigen Test for Diagnosis of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 5 (2010): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1605.091797.

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Lee, Hang-Mee, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, et al. "Diagnostic value of the rapid influenza antigen test for novel influenza A (H1N1)." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 43, no. 1 (2010): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2010.508463.

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Gao, Jin, Hongquan Wan, Xing Li, et al. "Balancing the influenza neuraminidase and hemagglutinin responses by exchanging the vaccine virus backbone." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 4 (2021): e1009171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009171.

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Virions are a common antigen source for many viral vaccines. One limitation to using virions is that the antigen abundance is determined by the content of each protein in the virus. This caveat especially applies to viral-based influenza vaccines where the low abundance of the neuraminidase (NA) surface antigen remains a bottleneck for improving the NA antibody response. Our systematic analysis using recent H1N1 vaccine antigens demonstrates that the NA to hemagglutinin (HA) ratio in virions can be improved by exchanging the viral backbone internal genes, especially the segment encoding the po

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Shen, Shu, Dawei Shi, Haiwei Zhou, Yabin Tian, Donglai Liu, and Chuntao Zhang. "Comparative Sensitivities and Specificities of Four Rapid Influenza A Antigen Detection Kits for Detection of H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1." Journal of Applied Virology 5, no. 3 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21092/jav.v5i3.75.

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<p>Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of pandemic influenza A virus are valuable for their ease using and accurate diagnosis of influenza. Many rapid influenza diagnostic kits were introduced recently. Hence, the sensitivities and specificities of them for testing influenza viruses need to monitor. In this study, the sensitivities and specificities of four diagnostic immunochromatographic assay kits for H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 were evaluated. For the detection of the three H1N1, three H3N2 and one

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Büyüksünetçi, Yudum Tepeli, and Ülkü Anık. "Electro-Nano Diagnostic Platform Based on Antibody–Antigen Interaction: An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Influenza A Virus Detection." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (2023): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020176.

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H1N1 is a kind of influenza A virus that causes serious health issues throughout the world. Its symptoms are more serious than seasonal flu and can sometimes be lethal. For this reason, rapid, accurate, and effective diagnostic tests are needed. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive, selective, and practical detection of the H1N1 virus was developed. The sensor platform included multi-walled carbon nanotube gold-platinum (MWCNT-Au-Pt) hybrid nanomaterial and anti-hemagglutinin (anti-H1) monoclonal antibody. For the construction of this biosensor, a gold screen-printe

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Zell, Roland, Susann Motzke, Andi Krumbholz, Peter Wutzler, Volker Herwig, and Ralf Dürrwald. "Novel reassortant of swine influenza H1N2 virus in Germany." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 1 (2008): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83338-0.

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European porcine H1N2 influenza viruses arose after multiple reassortment steps involving a porcine influenza virus with avian-influenza-like internal segments and human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in 1994. In Germany, H1N2 swine influenza viruses first appeared in 2000. Two German H1N2 swine influenza virus strains isolated from pigs with clinical symptoms of influenza are described. They were characterized by the neutralization test, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and complete sequencing of the viral genomes. The data demonstrate that these viruses represent a novel H1N2 reassortant. The v

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Huang, Ching-Tai, Avijit Dutta, Tse-Ching Chen, et al. "Pre-existing matched antigen exacerbates the disease of influenza virus infection by attenuating antigen-specific T cell immunity." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 203.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.203.17.

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Abstract Influenza virus infection causes mild and self-limiting illness in most of the healthy individuals, but some healthy people develops complications as a result of the infection and suffers from severe disease and eventually dies. Here we report that pre-existing matched antigens attenuate antigen-specific immunity to the infection. High virus load and associated increase of pathogenic innate response in the lungs exacerbates the disease. The C3-HAHigh and C3-HALow transgenic mice are with inherent expression of Hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from PR8 strain of H1N1 influenza virus. Compare

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Nguyen, Quyen Thi, Eunjin Kim, Jihyun Yang, et al. "E. coli-Produced Monophosphoryl Lipid a Significantly Enhances Protective Immunity of Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020306.

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Emerging influenza viruses pose an extreme global risk to human health, resulting in an urgent need for effective vaccination against influenza infection. Adjuvants are vital components that can improve vaccine efficacy, yet only a few adjuvants have been licensed in human vaccines. Here, we investigate the adjuvant effects of Escherichia coli-produced monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), named EcML, in enhancing the immunogenicity and efficacy of an influenza vaccine. Similar to MPL, EcML activated dendritic cells and enhanced the antigen processing of cells in vitro. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a mode

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Chan, K. H., S. T. Lai, L. L. M. Poon, Y. Guan, K. Y. Yuen, and J. S. M. Peiris. "Analytical sensitivity of rapid influenza antigen detection tests for swine-origin influenza virus (H1N1)." Journal of Clinical Virology 45, no. 3 (2009): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.034.

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Vasoo, Shawn, Jane Stevens, and Kamaljit Singh. "Rapid Antigen Tests for Diagnosis of Pandemic (Swine) Influenza A/H1N1." Clinical Infectious Diseases 49, no. 7 (2009): 1090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644743.

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Guo, Chun-Yan, Hai-Xiang Zhang, Jun-Jun Zhang, et al. "Localization Analysis of Heterophilic Antigen Epitopes of H1N1 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin." Virologica Sinica 34, no. 3 (2019): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-019-00100-9.

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Liu, Cheng-Wei, Jeremy J. W. Chen, Chia-Chen Kang, Chia-Hui Wu, and Jinn-Chin Yiu. "Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) expressing H1N1 influenza surface antigen (neuraminidase)." Scientia Horticulturae 139 (May 2012): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.037.

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Carter, Donald M., Christopher A. Darby, Bradford C. Lefoley, et al. "Design and Characterization of a Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Hemagglutinin Vaccine for H1N1 Influenza Viruses." Journal of Virology 90, no. 9 (2016): 4720–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03152-15.

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ABSTRACTOne of the challenges of developing influenza A vaccines is the diversity of antigenically distinct isolates. Previously, a novel hemagglutinin (HA) for H5N1 influenza was derived from a methodology termed computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA). This COBRA HA elicited a broad antibody response against H5N1 isolates from different clades. We now report the development and characterization of a COBRA-based vaccine for both seasonal and pandemic H1N1 influenza virus isolates. Nine prototype H1N1 COBRA HA proteins were developed and tested in mice using a virus-like par

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BERKTAŞ, Mustafa, Aytekin ÇIKMAN, Görkem YAMAN, and Hüseyin GÜDÜCÜOĞLU. "Assessment of DirectigenTM EZ Flu A+B Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Test for Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 3 (2011): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2009-16600.

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Pollyea, Daniel A., Janice M. Y. Brown, and Sandra J. Horning. "Utility of Influenza Vaccination for Oncology Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 14 (2010): 2481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.6908.

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Every fall and winter, patients with cancer and their families ask oncologists whether they should be vaccinated for influenza. This season, with escalating concerns regarding the novel H1N1 influenza virus and its recently approved vaccine, this question has become more frequent and increasingly urgent. The purpose of this article is to review evidence related to the ability of patients with cancer to mount protective immunological responses to influenza vaccination. The literature on immunogenicity in pediatric and adult patients, those with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, untreat

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Vakin, V. S., I. V. Amosova, E. M. Vojcekhovskaya, et al. "Immunograph-based analysis of the influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain immunogenicity in the pandemic and post-pandemic period (2009–2014)." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 12, no. 1 (2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-iao-1693.

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Currently, the assessment of the immunogenic properties of influenza viruses as a part of influenza vaccines is carried out by using seroprotection, seroconversion as well as the rate of increases in post-vaccination antibodies. At the same time, significant differences in the immunogenicity of vaccines related to dynamic formation of high antibody titers responsible for long-term protection of the vaccinated, are neglected. Influenza viruses such as A(H1N1)pdm09 that caused 2009–2010 pandemic continue to circulate in the population, therefore, the assessment of the immunogenic activity of vac

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Bugybayeva, Dina, Ekachai Dumkliang, Veerupaxagouda Patil, et al. "Evaluation of Efficacy of Surface Coated versus Encapsulated Influenza Antigens in Mannose–Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine in Swine." Vaccines 12, no. 6 (2024): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060647.

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This study focuses on the development and characterization of an intranasal vaccine platform using adjuvanted nanoparticulate delivery of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The vaccine employed whole inactivated H1N2 SwIAV as an antigen and STING-agonist ADU-S100 as an adjuvant, with both surface adsorbed or encapsulated in mannose–chitosan nanoparticles (mChit-NPs). Optimization of mChit-NPs included evaluating size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity, with a 1:9 mass ratio of antigen to NP demonstrating high loading efficacy and non-cytotoxic properties suitable for intranasal vaccination. In a

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Wang, Wei, Christopher J. DeFeo, Esmeralda Alvarado-Facundo, Russell Vassell, and Carol D. Weiss. "Intermonomer Interactions in Hemagglutinin Subunits HA1 and HA2 Affecting Hemagglutinin Stability and Influenza Virus Infectivity." Journal of Virology 89, no. 20 (2015): 10602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00939-15.

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ABSTRACTInfluenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) mediates virus entry by binding to cell surface receptors and fusing the viral and endosomal membranes following uptake by endocytosis. The acidic environment of endosomes triggers a large-scale conformational change in the transmembrane subunit of HA (HA2) involving a loop (B loop)-to-helix transition, which releases the fusion peptide at the HA2 N terminus from an interior pocket within the HA trimer. Subsequent insertion of the fusion peptide into the endosomal membrane initiates fusion. The acid stability of HA is influenced by residues in the fus

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Son, Seung-Eun, Jin-Ha Song, Ho-Won Kim, et al. "A High-Yield Recombinant Inactivated Whole-Virion Nasal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Vaccine with an Attenuated PB2 Gene." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 12 (2025): 5489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125489.

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During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pdm09), the poor replication of PR8-derived vaccine strains in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) delayed vaccine production, necessitating costly adjuvants. To improve egg-based yield, we generated PB2-substituted H1N1 strains via reverse genetics, replacing PR8 PB2 with a PB2 lacking mammalian-adaptive mutations (dtxPB2), cognate pdm09 PB2 (19PB2), or avian PB2. All PB2-substituted strains achieved over tenfold higher titers than the conventional PR8 PB2-containing strain (rGD19), with rGD19/dtxPB2 and rGD19/19PB2 exhibiting significantly higher titers and reduced

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Sanjuan Nandin, Irene, Carol Fong, Cecilia Deantonio, et al. "Novel in vitro booster vaccination to rapidly generate antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies." Journal of Experimental Medicine 214, no. 8 (2017): 2471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170633.

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Vaccines remain the most effective tool to prevent infectious diseases. Here, we introduce an in vitro booster vaccination approach that relies on antigen-dependent activation of human memory B cells in culture. This stimulation induces antigen-specific B cell proliferation, differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, and robust antibody secretion after a few days of culture. We validated this strategy using cells from healthy donors to retrieve human antibodies against tetanus toxoid and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 and newly emergent subtypes such as H5N1 and H7N9. Anti-HA antibo

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Sanchez, Pedro L., Greiciely Andre, Anna Antipov, Nikolai Petrovsky, and Ted M. Ross. "Advax-SM™-Adjuvanted COBRA (H1/H3) Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines." Vaccines 12, no. 5 (2024): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050455.

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Adjuvants enhance immune responses stimulated by vaccines. To date, many seasonal influenza vaccines are not formulated with an adjuvant. In the present study, the adjuvant Advax-SM™ was combined with next generation, broadly reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines that were designed using a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology. Advax-SM™ is a novel adjuvant comprising inulin polysaccharide and CpG55.2, a TLR9 agonist. COBRA HA vaccines were combined with Advax-SM™ or a comparator squalene emulsion (SE) adjuvant and administered to mice intramuscularly.

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