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1
Truong, Linh D. T. "Designing a database model of district-level land use planning with community consultation in Vung Tau city, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province." Journal of Agriculture and Development 20, no. 04 (August 29, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.7.04.2021.
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Nowadays, building a land database and land use planning database is an indispensable requirement, especially for a seaport city as Vung Tau city (Ba Ria - Vung Tau province) where there are complex land fluctuations. Accordingly, a complete land use planning database with the participation of community will contribute to connecting planners, managers and people, and increase the publicity, transparency and feasibility of land use planning options. The study designed a database model of land use planning with the community consultation for Vung Tau city in accordance with the land data standards of Circular No. 75/2015/TT-BTNMT. Based on the designed model, a set of land use planning database with high accuracy was created and it was in line with the data standards of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and the designed database model. This database structure contained 22 spatial data tables on ArcGIS and 8 attribute data tables (with the community consultation) on Microsoft SQL Server. Finally, we successfully used the VBDLIS software to build the land use planning database (period 2010 - 2020) for Vung Tau city with 6 data layers, including land use planning data layer (15.060 records), project layer (163 records), adjustment layer for land use planning (12.002 records), adjustment layer for project (570 records), and 2 attribute data layers of community consultation. The results of this study indicated that the correct model and complete database structure were the basis for successfully building and effectively exploiting the database of land use planning. The designed model could contribute to the planning of land management and improve the efficiency of land use.
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Ambatkar, Ms Sayali. "Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35427.
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The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.
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Prasetyo, Feri. "Kewenangan dalam Penerapan Pengaturan Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas (Andalalin)." JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik) 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v4i2.698.
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Traffic Impact Analysis (Andalalin) as a special study on the construction of any buildings and other land use of the city's transportation system, especially the road network in the building. In order to support it, hotels, malls and so on were built. Along with those development would lead to changes in land use, for example, change of land designation that turned into centers of activity. Implementation traffic impact analysis (andalalin) in Sidoarjo did not maximal yet. There are some weaknesses, namely the gap between legislation and implementation. Residential areas with a density high enough such as offices, shops and trade, hotels, hospitals, schools, industrial and sports stadiums. This problem can be solved by traffic impact analysis prior to the issuance of building permits (IMB) and some were after. In addition, traffic management as an approach also be designed to deal with the impact of the trip was awakened to the existing road network.
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Niedostatkiewicz, Maciej, Tomasz Majewski, and Patryk Ziółkowski. "Design errors of the external lift shaft and their negative impact on the operation of the clinic building." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928402006.
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Three-story external lift shaft was added to the gable wall of the existing clinic building. The shaft was designed as an independent static system, not connected to the building structure. After three years of operation, an increase in the width of the expansion joints between the building‘s top wall and the shaft at its entire height was found. The defects most likely can be addressed to subsidence of land accompanied by changes in the level of groundwater within the foundations of the building. In this paper, we proposed a solution to repair the defect and restore the proper technical condition allowing for its continued safe use.
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Hladík, J., and L. Číhal. "Cost and performance analysis of land offices." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 10 (February 21, 2012): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5138-agricecon.
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Since 1998, the Central Land Office has been monitoring the basic cost and performance parameters of all regional land offices in the republic. Enormous financial resources have been invested in the execution of land consolidation in this six-year period, and land consolidation of relatively vast areas has also begun. The land consolidation scheme involved the implementation of major building and land surveying projects. The time series of financial and cost indicators make it possible to conduct performance analyses, compare productivity between the offices, and/or identify any negative influences on the land consolidation process and eliminate such influences through well-designed interventions on the part of the central policy-making bodies. This article analyses the individual cost and performance categories of land consolidation and assesses the regional influences on price per hectare; the mutual conditionality of basic parameters is analyzed.
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Xu, Jiaojiao, Chuanjie Yan, Yangyang Su, and Yong Liu. "Analysis of high-rise building safety detection methods based on big data and artificial intelligence." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 6 (June 2020): 155014772093530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720935307.
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With rapid industrialization, the construction of high-rise buildings is a good and effective solution to the rational and effective use of land resources and alleviation of existing land resource tensions. Especially in the construction process, if there is a problem with the pile foundation, the building will inevitably be tilted, which will directly affect the personal safety of the construction workers and resident users. The experiments in this article use the concept of big data to divide the system into modules such as data collection, data preprocessing, feature extraction, prediction model building, and model application in order to provide massive data storage and parallel computing services to form a security test system. The experimental data show that wireless sensor technology is applied to the inclination monitoring of buildings, and a monitoring system based on wireless inclination sensors is designed to enable real-time dynamic monitoring of buildings to ensure human safety. When the experimental model frame is stable under normal environmental conditions, a nonstationary vibration is artificially produced for a period of time from the outside world, which is about 60 s higher than the traditional method, and the efficiency is also increased by about 80%, a situation where a building has a reversible tilt change.
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Retno, Sujacka, Novia Hasdyna, Mutasar Mutasar, and Rozzi Kesuma Dinata. "Algoritma Honey Encryption dalam Sistem Pendataan Sertifikat Tanah dan Bangunan di Universitas Malikussaleh." INFORMAL: Informatics Journal 5, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/isj.v5i3.20804.
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The management of Land and Building Certificates at Universitas Malikussaleh is still using a manual library in Biro Perlengkapan which contains some problem whereas it can be burned accidentally refers to fire case in 2017 in Rektorat Building at Universitas Malikussaleh. Given the problem faced by the staff in Biro Perlengkapan, the authors idea is to create a database-based data processing system, the authors designed an integrated information system which be able to anticipated such problem in the future and saving time to collecting important certificates such Land and Building Certificates at Universitas Malikussaleh and protecting them with Honey Encryption algorithm. The information system based on desktop and works as a client-server system. The result of this research provide that the honey encryption algorithm can protect the data and it can solve the problem in management system of land and building certificates.
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Zekas, Vygantas, and Vytautas Martinaitis. "Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 6, no. -1 (January 1, 2011): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-011-0021-3.
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Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building Future energy challenges to construct near zero energy buildings and to have a centralized network together with integrated distributed generation from local disposable renewable energy (LdRe) raises new goals of a complex approach to energy supply. In the context of the current scientific sector, a single comprehensive approach to the general LdRe is missing. Following the typical way, all buildings are planned or designed in light of the energy needs of the intended activities in the buildings and only after the determination of these activities are the points and forms of energy supply planned. This article presents another approach in the planning process - a building and its energy needs planning taking into account the LdRe. It also provides the universal system describing the quantity and quality of LdRe. This research includes LdRe flows' assessment, with the building, as LdRe energy user flows linking to the user only as a potential user of this energy. The exergy analysis method is used to determine the LdRe indicator. Actually determined main renewable energy (RE) flow' (solar, wind, soil and air) values are used for the calculations. Standard 1 ha land plot area and set volumes above the land surface and beneath it are analyzed. After determination of disposable RE flows exergy quantity of the exergy change in the period of half year, one typical month and day is depicted.
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Best, M. J., and C. S. B. Grimmond. "Key Conclusions of the First International Urban Land Surface Model Comparison Project." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00122.1.
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Abstract The First International Urban Land Surface Model Comparison was designed to identify three aspects of the urban surface–atmosphere interactions: 1) the dominant physical processes, 2) the level of complexity required to model these, and 3) the parameter requirements for such a model. Offline simulations from 32 land surface schemes, with varying complexity, contributed to the comparison. Model results were analyzed within a framework of physical classifications and over four stages. The results show that the following are important urban processes: i) multiple reflections of shortwave radiation within street canyons; ii) reduction in the amount of visible sky from within the canyon, which impacts the net longwave radiation; iii) the contrast in surface temperatures between building roofs and street canyons; and iv) evaporation from vegetation. Models that use an appropriate bulk albedo based on multiple solar reflections, represent building roof surfaces separately from street canyons and include a representation of vegetation demonstrate more skill, but require parameter information on the albedo, height of the buildings relative to the width of the streets (height to width ratio), the fraction of building roofs compared to street canyons from a plan view (plan area fraction), and the fraction of the surface that is vegetated. These results, while based on a single site and less than 18 months of data, have implications for the future design of urban land surface models, the data that need to be measured in urban observational campaigns, and what needs to be included in initiatives for regional and global parameter databases.
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Li, Weijia, Conghui He, Jiarui Fang, Juepeng Zheng, Haohuan Fu, and Le Yu. "Semantic Segmentation-Based Building Footprint Extraction Using Very High-Resolution Satellite Images and Multi-Source GIS Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040403.
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Automatic extraction of building footprints from high-resolution satellite imagery has become an important and challenging research issue receiving greater attention. Many recent studies have explored different deep learning-based semantic segmentation methods for improving the accuracy of building extraction. Although they record substantial land cover and land use information (e.g., buildings, roads, water, etc.), public geographic information system (GIS) map datasets have rarely been utilized to improve building extraction results in existing studies. In this research, we propose a U-Net-based semantic segmentation method for the extraction of building footprints from high-resolution multispectral satellite images using the SpaceNet building dataset provided in the DeepGlobe Satellite Challenge of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2018 (CVPR 2018). We explore the potential of multiple public GIS map datasets (OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, and MapWorld) through integration with the WorldView-3 satellite datasets in four cities (Las Vegas, Paris, Shanghai, and Khartoum). Several strategies are designed and combined with the U-Net–based semantic segmentation model, including data augmentation, post-processing, and integration of the GIS map data and satellite images. The proposed method achieves a total F1-score of 0.704, which is an improvement of 1.1% to 12.5% compared with the top three solutions in the SpaceNet Building Detection Competition and 3.0% to 9.2% compared with the standard U-Net–based method. Moreover, the effect of each proposed strategy and the possible reasons for the building footprint extraction results are analyzed substantially considering the actual situation of the four cities.
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Hussain, Anwar, and Mohammad Arif Kamal. "Energy Efficient Sustainable Building Materials: An Overview." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.38.
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With the rapid development and modernisation, cities are growing at a very fast pace and the buildings are the main component of cities. Building construction in the world annually consumes around 25% of the global wood harvest, 40% of stone, sand and gravel and 16% of water. It generates 50% of global output of GHG and agents of acid rains. The manufacturing process of building material contributes to Green House Gases such as CO2 to the atmosphere to a great extent. The natural disasters like global warming, ozone layer depletion, unexpected seasonal variations and decreasing land surface have now moved the centre of attraction from development to sustainable development. Since we have limited resources and energy, our development should focus on conserving the energy. Due to the continuous exploitation of natural resources, there is an urge to produce environmentally responsive building material for the construction of new buildings to meet the rapid urban growth. Sustainable buildings are designed, constructed, maintained, rehabilitated, and demolished with an emphasis throughout their life cycle on using natural resources efficiently while also protecting global ecosystems. Selection of appropriate building material helps to use the energy efficiently. In the rapidly changing scenario of building sector, planners, architects, engineers and builders are looking for new materials and technologies to adopt in future constructions that benefits like energy efficiency, resources and water conservation, improved indoor air quality, life cycle cost reduction and durability. This paper presents a brief study of sustainable aspects of building materials and a tool for Life Cycle Assessment criteria that helps in selecting proper building materials.
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Zhang, J. X., and G. Y. Cai. "A METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE LAND USE EFFICIENCY IN THE OLD CITY OF BEIJING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1073-2020.
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Abstract. The old city of Beijing represents the brilliant history and attracts people’s attention worldwide. With the rapid development of urbanization in Beijing, the old city is facing the problem that more and more people are working or living in this limited region. How to estimate the land use efficiency in the old city is crucial for the city planners to perform some policy-making decisions. Based on the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) which is to develop inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements, in which indicator SDG 11.3.1 is designed to testify the land use efficiency that is defined as a ratio between land consumption rate to population growth rate(PGR).This paper focus on how to evaluate the land use efficiency in the old city where the land is limited to a region while people are in a continuous growing. Based on the extraction of buildings from high resolution images with sub-meter spatial resolution in the area enclosed by the second-ring road which is mainly consists of Dongcheng and Xicheng districts, this study obtained the 3D building information including building height and floor numbers over years from 2005, 2010 to 2015 with the help of visually interpretation, POI information and the in situ investigation. By calculating the ratio of the building density growth rate(BDGR) to the population growth rate, the land use efficiency in the old city was computed for each year. Our results showed that most of the ratios are greater than 1 over year from 2005 to 2010 and less than 1 during periods from 2010 to 2015. Which means that the land use efficiency tend to lower from 2010 to 2015 than from 2005–2010. The reasons caused this phenomenon has been discussed in the discussion part. The results are helpful for local governors or managers to make a better decision in the protection and conservation of the old city, and to keep a sustainable old city.
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Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "Estimation of building shape by block size." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-360-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>
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Lira-Pantoja, Alejandra, and Margaret Boshek. "DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WAVE WALL FOR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.38.
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Northwestern University sits on prime Lake Michigan real estate in Evanston, Illinois, north of Chicago . Needing to make the most of their landlocked urban campus, the university planned to build a new athletics center on coastal land extending onto a sandy beach. Because the design process occurred after a number of years of low water, architects designed the state-of-the-art building extremely close to the lake’s ordinary high water mark without understanding the historic dynamics of the lake. With the architectural design already completed, SmithGroupJJR’s coastal engineers were asked to perform a rigorous review of the site and potential wave conditions. They determined that the building would be subject to large wave forces and foundation erosion if left unprotected, and designed a reflecting wave wall integrated into and wrapped around the lakeside of the building.
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Tostões, Ana. "Brutalism and Nature. The Gulbenkian Foundation Buildings (1959-1969)." Modern Lisbon, no. 55 (2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/55.a.rbpu9plo.
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The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation headquarters and museum complex (1959–1969) headed a fundamental role in building science in Portugal, as it contributed to the accomplishment of a Modern Movement design committed with a high level of construction quality, showing that there was more beyond Modern Movement formalism. Inaugurated in 1969, it was designed to create a pleasant environment, providing prospects from inside at various angles to the grove of trees and the surrounding land. As a mega-structure designed under a multi-disciplinary design and construction team it achieved a high level of technical excellence and comfort, whilst beautifully linking the building and garden. Located in central Lisbon, within a park with an area of 7.5 ha, occupying an area of 25.000 m2, it was designed by the architects Alberto Pessoa (1919–1985), Pedro Cid (1925–1983) and Ruy Jevis d’Athouguia (1917–2006) with the collaboration of the landscape designers Ribeiro Barreto (1924–2013) and Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles (1922–). The construction gathered an international interdisciplinary team of specialists. The most up-to-date techniques were adopted, including reinforced and pre-stressed concrete in its construction. Some figures illustrate the volume of these buildings: 150,000 m3 of excavation, 45,000 m3 of concrete, 3,200 t of steel, 100 km of power cables, 50,000 m of air conditioning pipes and 3,500 kW of installed electrical capacity. The architectural design expresses the structure. The aim of having a dominant horizontal line that guaranteed the image of a low building hugging the land and the wish to emphasize the long slabs of concrete that constituted the visible image of the built complex called for a very creative structural concept. The impact that the complex has had and the way in which it has manifested the effectiveness of its qualities, such as formal sobriety and restraint, have confirmed the close relationship between the conception process and the construction site. With its garden it has created the very image of the prestige and innovation of the Foundation itself.
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van den Hurk, Bart, Hyungjun Kim, Gerhard Krinner, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Chris Derksen, Taikan Oki, Hervé Douville, et al. "LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: the Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project – aims, setup and expected outcome." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 8 (August 24, 2016): 2809–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2809-2016.
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Abstract. The Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of land surface, snow and soil moisture feedbacks on climate variability and climate change, and to diagnose systematic biases in the land modules of current Earth system models (ESMs). The solid and liquid water stored at the land surface has a large influence on the regional climate, its variability and predictability, including effects on the energy, water and carbon cycles. Notably, snow and soil moisture affect surface radiation and flux partitioning properties, moisture storage and land surface memory. They both strongly affect atmospheric conditions, in particular surface air temperature and precipitation, but also large-scale circulation patterns. However, models show divergent responses and representations of these feedbacks as well as systematic biases in the underlying processes. LS3MIP will provide the means to quantify the associated uncertainties and better constrain climate change projections, which is of particular interest for highly vulnerable regions (densely populated areas, agricultural regions, the Arctic, semi-arid and other sensitive terrestrial ecosystems). The experiments are subdivided in two components, the first addressing systematic land biases in offline mode (“LMIP”, building upon the 3rd phase of Global Soil Wetness Project; GSWP3) and the second addressing land feedbacks attributed to soil moisture and snow in an integrated framework (“LFMIP”, building upon the GLACE-CMIP blueprint).
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Cirolia, Liza Rose, Nobukhosi Ngwenya, Barry Christianson, and Suraya Scheba. "Retrofitting, repurposing and re-placing: A multi-media exploration of occupation in Cape Town, South Africa." plaNext - next generation planning 11 (July 2021): 144–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24306/plnxt/69.
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The vast majority of city planning literature on informal occupations has focused on how residents occupy vacant and peripheral land, developing informal structures to address their basic needs. A smaller body of work, but one with much purchase in South Africa, explores the informal occupation of existing formal structures and how residents infuse these emergent places with social and political meaning. Across this work, occupations represent a dominant mode of city-building in the Global South. Contributing to this debate on city-making and occupations, this paper departs from an unusual case of South African occupation. We explore how displaced people have occupied a multi-storey vacant hospital building situated close to Cape Town’s city centre. Using documentary photography and interviews with residents, we argue that this occupation reflects a logic of ‘retrofit city-making’. We show that, through processes of repairing, repurposing, and renovating, dwellers have retrofit an institutional building, previously designed by the state for a very different use, to meet their needs and desires. As cities become more densely built and vacant land more peripheral or scarce, the retrofit of underutilised buildings, particularly through bottom-up actions such as occupation, will become an increasingly important mode of urban development. Not only are the practices of material transformation useful to understand, so too are the ways in which occupations reflect significantly more than simply survivalist strategies, but also care and meaning-making.
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Eddy, Firman, and Maulana Haris. "Kodon-Kodon Hotel Resort With Neo Vernacular Approach." Jurnal Koridor 11, no. 01 (March 31, 2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v11i01.3837.
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Resort hotels are usually built in tourist areas such as mountains, beaches, and lakes. The problem in this design is that contoured land becomes more difficult in designing compared to flat land. But how to create an advantage on the contoured land, and how to create a design and building in accordance with the title raised and the purpose of that is to support the existence of functions building according to the project case. The purpose of designing this Resort Hotel is to increase the number of foreign and local tourists who come to North Sumatra especially to the Lake Toba area and provide temporary shelter and recreational activities for the community and tourists who come. The method used is to apply the local wisdom of the Karo tribe. The shape of the roof at the Karo traditional house is applied to the hotel which has been designed and the use of ornaments as facades on building looks to apply the neo-vernacular architectural theme. The results of the design of Resort Hotels to attract tourists to visit this Hotel and the Hotel also aims to preserve the local wisdom of Karo tribes. "Hotel Resort Kodon" is present as a place or recreational facility that can meet the needs of tourists where the Lake Toba area requires many new lodging and recreation areas.
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Zainordin, Nadzirah, Siti Marina Abdullah, and Zarita Ahmad@Baharum. "Users’ Perception towards Energy Efficient Buildings." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 6 (January 2, 2018): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i6.250.
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A well-designed energy efficient building maintains the best environment for human habitation while minimising the cost of energy. The energy efficient buildings are to improve the comfort levels of the occupants and reduce energy use (electricity, natural gas, etc) for heating, cooling and lighting (Development and Land Use Policy Manual for Australia, 2000 and United Nations, 1991). This paper is an inquiry to investigate the users' perceptions towards lights and space of energy-efficient buildings. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection. The findings revealed that users have mixed feeling towards light and space especially with the use of new working practices i.e. hot desking, hotelling etc.
Keywords light, space, user perception, energy efßcient building.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Ward, Cheryl. "Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos." Antiquity 80, no. 307 (March 1, 2006): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00093303.
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The boat-grave cemetery at Abydos has provided the world's oldest sewn planked hulls, and vivid evidence for the way early Egyptian wooden boats were built. As well as sailing on the Nile, they were designed to be dismantled for carriage over land to the Red Sea. By the mid-fourth millennium BC the ship was a major technical force in the Egyptian political economy as well as an iconic force in ceremonial burial.
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Ayenew, Melak Mesfin. "The Dynamics of Food Insecurity in Ethiopia." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015100102.
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This paper assesses the dynamics of food insecurity in Ethiopia and tests policy options and scenarios that could alleviate the problem in the future. The study assess food security based on the pillars; food availability, access to food and stability. A System Dynamics model is designed which integrate population, market and food production sectors and is used to analyze past and future developments. Model results show that both the food supplies and the purchasing power of the population were insufficient for ensuring the required daily calorie intake of the population. Land degradation contributed considerably to the poor average productivity of the land. Policy analyses show that policy options such as land rehabilitation and capacity building for skilled use of agricultural land, and inputs need to be combined carefully to account for their different implementation times. Scenarios on average rainfall and food expenditure show that the food production and the purchasing power of the population are considerably influenced by erratic rainfall and economic growth respectively.
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Bricknell, Martin, A. Finn, and J. Palmer. "For debate: health service support planning for large-scale defensive land operations (part 2)." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 3 (August 19, 2018): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000994.
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This is the second of two articles that considers the medical planning implications of large-scale defensive military operations. This paper describes a unified approach to theatre level health services support planning based on four phases: collection, hospitalisation, evacuation and reception. It highlights the need for a modular and agile system of medical capability building blocks that can be grouped together for specific military medical challenges. It also reintroduces the concepts of mass casualty and the medical reserve. These two papers are designed to encourage debate around how we should be organised to face the new challenges of health services support in potential peer-on-peer military operations.
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Geist, Helmut J. "Tobacco and Deforestation Revisited. How to Move towards a Global Land-Use Transition?" Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 9242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169242.
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Articles 17 and 18 of the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control address the environmental sustainability of tobacco as a contested agricultural crop. They require regulatory land-use policies to be introduced and designed to enhance a sustainability transition to diversified farming practices and/or alternative livelihoods. Related activities of the UN Study/Working Group on Economically Sustainable Alternatives to Tobacco Growing are reviewed to assess and monitor the crop’s impact on natural resources with a focus on methods to identify tobacco-attributable deforestation (remote sensing, proxy values, secondary statistics, natural valuation, ecological/social surveys). It is posited that since 2007 no advances have been achieved in framing woody biomass destruction/degradation due to land extension and curing (i.e., drying green leaf using wood). Building on support by digital technologies and land surface monitoring systems, a novel post-2020 strategy is proposed to mainstream an extended set of indicators integratively, i.e., addressing biodiversity losses, soil carbon reservoirs and land degradation neutrality of tobacco as an agricultural crop. Thus, the point is emphasized that land stewardship requires political priority setting that makes the framing of land-use sustainability metrics more than a purely technical matter.
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Kalichkin, V. K., R. A. Koryakin, K. Yu Maksimovich, and R. R. Galimov. "The conceptual model of agroecological properties of land. Methods." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 5 (November 21, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-5-9.
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To solve the problem of automating the agroecological land estimation (natural resource potential) and creating intelligent information systems for their further programming, the necessary stage is the conceptualization of the domain knowledge (DK), or conceptual modelling. In this work, the conceptual model of DK “Agroecological properties of land”, developed on the basis of the abstract logical language UML and proposed in the previous part of the series of articles by the authors, is supplemented by the type of abstract objects “method”. The methods in UML reflect the types of relationships between data of various nature and are designed to distinguish the ways with which it is possible to fill in the missing data and information when solving practical problems in the framework of designing and building adaptive landscape farming systems. UML methods are considered for one of DK abstract classes – class “Relief”. In this class, 31 groups of input datasets and 23 groups of output datasets are suggested. All 54 datasets are based on the "method – attribute" connection that operate within this class or by abstract relationships between classes previously built into the conceptual model. This means that a class method as an abstract object defines a set of dependencies between data associated with the given class attributes, as input dataset, and data associated with the given or related class attributes, as output dataset. The elements of such set of dependencies can be deterministic or stochastic algorithms, statistical and other data processing methods, data analysis and artificial intelligence methods, as well as specific mathematical formulas. The technology of building a knowledge base by UML methods of class “Relief” is shown, containing 713 groups of UML methods classified by seven types, and also examples of UML methods of three different types are given.
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Dougill, Andrew J., Thirze D. G. Hermans, Samuel Eze, Philip Antwi-Agyei, and Susannah M. Sallu. "Evaluating Climate-Smart Agriculture as Route to Building Climate Resilience in African Food Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179909.
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Efforts to meet the growing demand for food across Africa have led to unsustainable land management practices that weaken the resilience of African Food Systems. Soil health is key to building more climate-resilient agricultural systems and can be improved through Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices that also enhance soil carbon storage. Many CSA practices are being implemented by African farmers, whereas others are being actively promoted but adoption remains low due to multiple factors including weak policy integration, limited institutional support, and inadequate agricultural extension advice. This Short Communications paper presents overview findings from trans-disciplinary research projects from Southern, East, and West Africa to evaluate the potential importance of integrated participatory soil health studies designed to inform context-specific recommendations and policies for resilient African food systems. The use of soil health indicators to measure the effectiveness of implemented CSA practices including Conservation Agriculture in maize-based systems and Soil and Water Conservation in Highland African systems are discussed. The paper identifies how more integrated research can help to enable shared learning and the enhanced knowledge exchange required for the upscaling of sustainable land management practices enabled through enhanced farmer participation in the chain of CSA activities from intervention design to community evaluation of impacts.
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El-Atrash, Ahmad. "Placemaking Interventions in Palestine as Demonstration Effects on the Ground." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 1 (January 31, 2020): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i1.1256.
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The urban development and rapid urbanization that the West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem and Gaza Strip have recently encountered have adversely affected the quality and availability of open spaces inside the Palestinian urban and rural areas. Public spaces are fundamental in the lives of any community striving to achieve a sustainable and inclusive environment and improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. In that respect, the prevailing planning practices fall short in terms of adequately addressing the provision of public spaces. Laws and regulations are designed to focus on limited physical properties of buildings (e.g. building design, elevation, heights, setbacks, parking, etc.,) with little or no attention to the residual space, inevitably, created between those blocks. Lands are chiefly privately owned, and considered of a very high value due to the artificial land scarcity phenomenon resulted from the geo-political classification of the West Bank Existing public spaces are not welcoming to the general public. Spaces are misplaced and scattered, they offer pre-defined activities and an inflexible environment. Many parts of the society feel alienated to such public spaces, created by a top-down process with minimal integration of their needs and aspirations.
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Salaj, Alenka Temeljotov, Athena Roumboutsos, Peter Verlič, and Bojan Grum. "Land value capture strategies in PPP – what can FM learn from it?" Facilities 36, no. 1/2 (February 5, 2018): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2017-0033.
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Purpose Value capture seeks to generate revenue by extracting a portion of the gains in the value of land and property that result from improvements to transportation networks. The paper aims to present the opportunities for facilities management (FM) on the level of participating more actively in the development of new area to help building a competitive and healthy area with high quality for residence, business and spare time. A framework also includes life period land valuation in the land value capture (LVC) for the assessment and revenue models for public private partnership (PPP) type of investments in the way to identify additional private profit so as to attract landlords to join the project. Design/methodology/approach Land valuation for expropriation is a useful method, which can be evaluated through the life period of the infrastructure. The value capture strategies are identified and respective policies are evaluated. Periodically, market value assessment of land within the value capture model is designed, by which the private partners could be attracted. Findings In the paper, LVC shows how the relation to increase value of land can bring competitive areas and as such give new opportunity for FM. Originality/value Capturing land value and widening the internalisation of external positive impacts enhances the perspective of project assessment and PPP financing models. This model may be used by public and private sector parties involved in PPP arrangements to improve project evaluation and the base of project finance.
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Musakwa, W., E. N. Makoni, M. Kangethe, and L. Segooa. "Developing a decision support system to identify strategically located land for land reform in South Africa." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2 (November 11, 2014): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-197-2014.
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Land reform is identified as a key tool in fostering development in South Africa. With two decades after the advent of democracy in South Africa, the land question remains a critical issue for policy makers. A number of frameworks have been put in place by the government to identify land which is strategically located for land reform. However, many of these frameworks are not well aligned and have hampered the government’s land reform initiative in promoting inclusive development. Strategically located land is herein defined as land parcels that are well positioned for the promotion of agriculture, human settlements, rural and tourism development. Accordingly, there is a need to develop a decision tool which facilitates the identification of strategically located land for development. This study proposes the use of geographic information systems (GIS), earth observation (EO) data and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to develop a spatial decision support system (SDSS) to identify strategically located land for land reform. The SDDS was therefore designed using GIS, EO data and MCDM to create an index for identification of strategically located land. Expert-led workshops were carried out to ascertain criteria for identifying strategically located land and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilised used to weight the criteria. The study demonstrates that GIS and EO are invaluable tools in facilitating evidence-based decisions for land reform. However, there is need for capacity building on GIS and EO in government departments responsible for land reform and development planning. The study suggests that there is an urgent need to develop sector specific criteria for the identification of strategically located land for inclusive development.
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Franzini, Florencia, Sami Berghäll, Anne Toppinen, and Ritva Toivonen. "Comparing Wood versus Concrete: An Explorative Study of Municipal Civil Servants' Beliefs About Multistory Building Materials in Finland." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00038.
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Abstract The rising interest in wooden multistory buildings (WMSB) has led to multiple studies investigating how construction professionals perceive different structural frame materials. These investigations, however, exclude viewpoints from public employees (i.e., civil servants), who are central to driving the implementation of WMSB. This study is part of a broader inquiry to examine perceptions from Finnish civil servants who are responsible for municipal land-use planning and development. To this end, a questionnaire applying the theory of planned behavior was designed. Civil servants were asked to evaluate how strongly they believe WMSB possess 16 attributes in comparison to concrete multistory buildings (CMSB). The attributes constitute statements concerning various economic, social, and environmental impacts of multistory buildings, as well as technical properties. Responses (N = 273) indicate that WMSB are believed to possess positive environmental attributes and to support economic development. In contrast, CMSB are regarded to have lower construction and maintenance cost and to be less susceptible to fire. Furthermore, exogenous factors, like demographics, previous experience, and social environments, were significantly correlated to respondents' beliefs. Especially prominent was the relationship between profession and beliefs about technical and environmental attributes. Future research should focus on determining whether the set of attributes assessed in this study are relevant to the implementation of multistory building projects within Finnish municipalities.
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Li, B. S., and C. N. Liu. "RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENT RECOGNITION OF VIOLATION BASED ON BIG DATA OF URBAN CONSTRUCTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-721-2020.
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Abstract. With the rapid development of market economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization process in China, housing construction in almost all areas of densely populated cities has shown explosive growth. The existence of illegal construction, to a certain extent, not only causes the waste of land and resources, but also leads to the increase of the cost of the development of affordable housing, but also increases the security risks. It is urgent to solve the common problem of “urban disease” in violation of construction, but the conventional means of monitoring illegal construction mainly rely on on on-site inspection by law enforcement departments and mass reporting. Due to the limited inspection power and time, there are inevitably omissions. At the same time, there are difficulties in obtaining evidence in violation of construction investigation. Therefore, a new type of monitoring method is urgently needed. There is a wide market demand in China's urban management departments and land and resources departments for automated monitoring methods to reduce the cost of urban management. In this paper, urban spatial geographic information is acquired by means of remote sensing change detection, and compared with urban construction land planning approval data, including illegal matching recognition algorithm. Based on the technology of automatic urban change detection of grid image blocks, an efficient algorithm for building change detection is proposed. Establish a threshold recognition and accuracy test algorithm of urban building construction progress model parameters, and obtain information of illegal building construction progress and area based on grid image blocks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to identify and extract buildings from satellite remote sensing images in different time periods. The dynamic change information of the research area is reflected by multi-source and large data integration technology of satellite and UAV remote sensing. Several optical image sample sets and test sets are established. The convolution neural network model is designed by sample sets. The accuracy and sensitivity of illegal identification can be improved by the combination of AI and in-depth learning. Using the method of monitoring, analyzing and comparing the big data of urban construction to monitor the illegal buildings in cities is not only fast and efficient, but also provides a scientific and objective basis for the relevant departments to enforce the law.
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Ding, Xi Ying. "Comparison between the Generative Computer Approach and the Traditional Design Approach in the MRHC with Parallel Layout." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.7.
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This paper attempts to explore the application possibilities of a author programmed multi-agent system in a residential cluster layout in Beijing which was originally designed by the traditional approach. The author analyzed and evaluated the layouts with three environmental indices: relation with road, relation with green land, location in the building. The solution showed that the computer could generate the well performed layouts which could still be improved by the traditional approach. The cooperation of these two approaches can make the design process efficient, digital evaluated, controllable, aesthetic and creative.
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Kaczmarska, Elżbieta. "Contemporary symbols in the space of Baku." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2166.
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When performing even a cursory analysis of the visual image of contemporary Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, one simply cannot ignore its ancient history, the political influence of nearby powers and the almost age-old dependence on Soviet Russia. The regaining of independence in 1991, associated with the policy of then-national leader Heydar Aliyev, stimulated the young country’s ambition to open up to the world and organise an international cultural event. The preparation for the Eurovision Song Contest in 2012 initiated another construction boom in the history of Baku, fuelled with petrodollars, and became an occasion to present a new vision of the capital. In the years 2007–2012, numerous new cultural, artistic and sports buildings were constructed and which are now a hallmark and symbol of contemporary Baku. One such building, which creates a new, futuristic city space and is presented in the article, is the Heydar Aliyev Centre, a centre of art and museum designed by Zaha Hadid. The author notes the creative intent, external appearance and structure of the building, as well as new means of expression in creating place-based ambience. Also noted were the use of contemporary art in the creation of attractive utilitarian spaces. Other presented buildings display the ages-old symbols of the ‘Land of Fire’ in a new way and are embedded into the contemporary panorama of the city
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Thakur, Gitanjali, Mohamad Asalam, and Mohammed El Ganaoui. "Energy efficient building envelope using waste PET in concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701022.
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One of the major environmental threat in the world today is the increased production of plastic and its usage. The inept plastic waste management system with regard to its recycling and energy recovery in the developing countries creates a global threat as a major land and water body pollutant. However, its durability, thermal properties, and chemical resistance make plastics an alternate choice as a building material. This study investigates the use of plastic in concrete mixture with an objective to improve the thermal performance of the building. The shredded plastic fibers from plastic bottles (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) were used as a partial weight replacement (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) of coarse aggregate in concrete blocks. The cubes were cast using the Indian standards (IS 456) and the essential tests were performed. Additionally, experiments were designed to investigate the change in the thermal conductivity of the concrete block due to the varying amount of plastic. It was found that the use of PETs affected the compressive strength and also decreased the thermal conductivity of the concrete blocks. The experimental results suggest that PETs can be used in the construction of energy-efficient building to handle the environmental concerns because of its abundance.
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Delormier, Treena, and Kaylia Marquis. "Building Healthy Community Relationships Through Food Security and Food Sovereignty." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_2 (November 15, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy088.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundFood insecurity disproportionately affects Indigenous Peoples and is linked to poor health outcomes. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems once sustained their thriving societies; however, colonial policies of displacement and imposed assimilation severed connections to Indigenous food systems and lands, disrupting identity, culture, and well-being.ObjectiveIn this article we share a grass-roots designed program that addresses food security and heeds Haudenosaunee teachings. The Story of Creation, the Great Law, and Ohénton Karihwatéhkwen (the words that come before all else) were the basis of the framework. The program acknowledges and uses community strengths and skills to enhance social connections and links with land and creation.MethodsThe program brought together interested and knowledgeable community members and stakeholders to discuss and better understand food security in the community. This group formed as an advisory group called Ieiénthos Akotióhkwa – ‘Planting Group’ who shaped the food security activities.ResultsThe program delivered workshops to build skills and share knowledge about food production and preparation. It targeted diverse participant interests and needs within an environment meant to nurture social connections. The program planted food-bearing trees and plants and created a seed library to create edible landscapes. We invited a broad scope of community knowledge- and skill-holders to share their talents with the community, to reinforce positive connections with each other, and to carry on cultural practices.ConclusionsChallenges included program sustainability linked to short-term funding and personnel turnover. Strengths involved using a culturally based framework that enhanced program coherence, and facilitated collaboration with local initiatives focused on well-being, practicing culture, and respecting the environment. Haudenosaunee teachings hold values and principles for a society that provides food for all. These teachings are a framework for a culturally rich program to support food security skills and resources, but also Indigenous cultural identity and practices.
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Rahmawati, Ria Ayu, and R. Agus Murdiyoto. "Assessment On Transit Oriented Development Pondok Cina According to GBCI." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i02.3630.
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TOD is designed for public transport passengers and pedestrians to provide comfort and safety in creating a healthy lifestyle. Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) is needed as a reference and assessment to optimize building design. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of the green building concept applied, calculate the met and unmet Greenship criteria, also measure the GBCI Greenship predicate obtained. The data collection method used is project data and data analysis with the index scale method on Greenship New Building version 1.2. The results showed that in Appropriate Land Use categories credit are 11 points of 17 maximum points with percentage 64,71%, the Efficiency and Energy Conservation categories credit is 1 point of 26 maximum points with percentage 3,85%, the Water Conservation categories credit are 9 points of 21 maximum points with percentage 42,86%, the Source and Material Cycle categories credit are 2 points of 2 maximum points with percentage 100%, the Health and Safety Space categories credit are 4 points of 5 maximum points with percentage 80%, and the Building Environmental Management categories credit are 4 points of 6 maximum points with percentage 66,67%. The final results of TOD Pondok Cina Project are 31 points of 77 maximum points with percentage 40,26% which categorized as Building with Bronze predicate.
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Wu, Nan Wei. "Thinking on the Design Practice of Modern Commercial Complex - Taking Hohhot Jinyu New Field Project as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.655.
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The JinYu New Field Project is designed to build a large-scale center integrating business, culture, commerce, leisure and entertainment in the emerging development area in the south of Hohhot in the future. After three years of design and construction, the project begins to take shape. Through deep analysis of the commercial form, commercial space, land and traffic organization, fire performance of the commercial building and design difficulties of JinYu New Field Project, this paper summarizes the key points and difficulties of the commercial complex project in the design practice, and proposes the thinking on future development of the commercial complex in China.
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Masalha, Nur. "Settler-Colonialism, Memoricide and Indigenous Toponymic Memory: The Appropriation of Palestinian Place Names by the Israeli State." Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies 14, no. 1 (May 2015): 3–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2015.0103.
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Cartography, place-naming and state-sponsored explorations were central to the modern European conquest of the earth, empire building and settler-colonisation projects. Scholars often assume that place names provide clues to the historical and cultural heritage of places and regions. This article uses social memory theory to analyse the cultural politics of place-naming in Israel. Drawing on Maurice Halbwachs’ study of the construction of social memory by the Latin Crusaders and Christian medieval pilgrims, the article shows Zionists’ toponymic strategies in Palestine, their superimposition of Biblical and Talmudic toponyms was designed to erase the indigenous Palestinian and Arabo-Islamic heritage of the land. In the pre-Nakba period Zionist toponymic schemes utilised nineteenth century Western explorations of Biblical ‘names’ and ‘places’ and appropriated Palestinian toponyms. Following the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1948, the Israeli state, now in control of 78 percent of the land, accelerated its toponymic project and pursued methods whose main features were memoricide and erasure. Continuing into the post-1967 occupation, these colonial methods threaten the destruction of the diverse historical cultural heritage of the land.
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O’Hara, Sabine. "The Urban Food Hubs Solution: Building Capacity in Urban Communities." Metropolitan Universities 28, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21477.
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Access to affordable fresh food is an ongoing challenge for underserved urban neighborhoods across the United States. Several are designated food deserts with no access to a full-service grocery store within a one-mile radius. The Urban Food Hubs of the College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) of the University of the District of Columbia (UDC) exemplify the University’s commitment to building capacity in the food desert neighborhoods of Washington D.C. The four components of the Urban Food Hubs are food production, food preparation, food distribution, and waste and water recovery (http://www.udc.edu/category/causes). They are designed to not only provide access to fresh food, but also to create jobs, improve public health, mitigate water management problems, and create urban resiliency. The contributions in economic, social/cultural, and physical/environmental impacts, and the five pillars of economic development that track the broader impacts of urban capacity building are described here. The Urban Food Hubs demonstrate the investment metropolitan universities could make to ensure the long-term economic, social, and environmental health of each community. The model is scalable and replicable in other metropolitan areas including those that experience high pressure on land-use and those experiencing decline.
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Moghadam, Talie Tohidi, and Mahmoud Feizabadi. "Increasing Ecological Capacity by Designing Ecological High Rise Buildings." Open House International 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2018-b0010.
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This study provides insight into using ecological design principles in designing high-rise buildings for increasing the ecological capacity of a region. It is a descriptive-analytical survey, which starts with the literacy of the subject, and continues by analyzing successful ecologically designed case studies around the world and notes that by using ecological design principles in designing high-rise buildings, can increase the ecological capacity of a region in order to meet its occupant needs. It indicates that by the industrialization of cities, due to population growth, the value of the land and lack of it for growing population to be settled in, designing high-rise buildings may be the best solution to solve the problem. Moreover, the importance of designing high-rise buildings based on ecological principles has been highlighted by environmental pollution, natural hazards and endangered ecosystems. The ecological design for high-rise buildings is becoming more and more important considering environmental issues. This approach is routed in remaking the natural relationships in ecosystems. The most important feature of nature which can be used in ecological design is its power of reconstruction and rehabilitation. So we can reach an ecosystem in scale of a high-rise building which imitates nature in all its aspects.
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Foo, Swee Wen, Darrien Yau Seng Mah, and Bartholomew Emily Ayu. "Modelling rainwater harvesting for commercial buildings." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.077.
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Commercial areas are generally fully paved and with more impervious land cover than residential areas. This paper demonstrates a wall-mounted rainwater harvesting system designed to deal with limited land space. An arrangement of three tanks in series was used on a commercial shop lot where flat roofs generate large amounts of runoff. The system is compact, and can be installed and fitted close to any wall, promoting the efficient use of space. Analytical procedures and computational fluid dynamic modelling were used to explore the system's potential. This rainwater harvesting system, with its three water storage tanks, works well, and is suitable for implementation and can be integrated into urban stormwater management.
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Cuthbert, Andrew, and Mary-Ellen Tyler. "An approach to maintaining hydrological networks in the face of land use change." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 5 (June 16, 2016): 884–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516654473.
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Ephemeral drainage patterns in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta are not well understood at the landscape level. Municipal land use planning generally places very few constraints on development, which can leave the existing landscape topography and drainage patterns highly modified and engineered. Few if any features that exist within the pre-development landscape remain post-development. Part of the residential or industrial land development process is the creation of master drainage plans which focus on collecting and moving precipitation or snow melt away from roads and buildings through drainage ponds and piping systems. However, in prairie pothole landscapes, there is a landscape hydrology system that connects wetlands and sub-surface soil moisture flows and involves significant ephemeral components. These existing landscape flow systems provide ecosystem services in both flood and drought conditions. However, conventional land conversion processes do not generally recognize existing landscape processes like hydraulic connectivity in the development process. This creates a gap between the standard engineering approach and landscape structure and function which puts landscape processes and services at risk of being lost over time. The method demonstrated in this paper has been designed to bridge pre-development and post-development conditions for hydrologic flow systems. This method can be used as an additional cross-scalar information “layer” for use in the planning process to identify how utilities, roads and building sites can be spatially organized to complement rather than conflict with existing landscape flow systems in areas with minimal topographic relief and specifically in Prairie Pothole Region landscapes. This relatively simple technique can help reduce infrastructure costs and enables development to maintain natural flow systems and cross-scalar hydraulic connectivity.
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Bol, Ertan, Aşkın Özocak, and Sedat Sert. "The Old Adapazarı Atatürk City Stadium Risk Assessment." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.154.
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The land of the Old Adapazarı Atat&uuml;rk City Stadium, which was laid in the center of Adapazarı in the 1950s, was designed as the Sakarya National Garden due to the construction of the new stadium structure. In the National Garden, the masonry stone section to the north of the old stadium was requested to be preserved. In this study, a scientific evaluation has been made in terms of superstructure and soil properties in order to prevent damage in a possible earthquake. Eight cone penetration tests were conducted in the field and the results were evaluated. Liquefaction potential index values were determined for each sounding as a result of liquefaction analyzes performed by cyclic stress analysis and the results were associated with Geographical Information Systems and a liquefaction thematic map was prepared. As a result, it has been concluded that liquefaction may occur in the western part of the ground where the foundation of the building is located.
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Schut, Peter, Scott Smith, Walter Fraser, Xiaoyuan Geng, and David Kroetsch. "Soil Landscapes of Canada: Building a National Framework for Environmental Information." GEOMATICA 65, no. 3 (September 2011): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2011-045.
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The Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) is a national soil map and accompanying database of environmental information for all of Canada, produced and maintained by the Canadian Soil Information Service (CanSIS) which is a part of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The SLC maps were originally published as a set of paper products for individual provinces and regions. The maps were digitized in CanSIS, using one of the first geographic information systems in the world, and linked to soil and landscape attribute tables to serve an evolving variety of spatial modelling applications. The SLCs form the lowest level of the National Ecological Framework for Canada. The latest public release of the SLC is version 3.2, which provides updated soil and landscape information for the agricultural areas of Canada. The SLC v3.2 digital coverage includes an extensive set of relational data tables. The component table lists the soil components in each agricultural polygon along with their predicted dominant slope, class, and extent. The soil component codes are also linked to soil attribute tables which define fundamental soil properties, such as classification and parent material, as well as a description of the soil horizons and key soil attributes to a depth of 100 cm. SLC v3.2 adds a new set of landform tables which identify the major landform type in each polygon and indicates the most likely soil components in the upper, mid slope, lower slope, and depressional positions. These soil and landform attributes are designed to support a wide variety of national and international environmental modelling applications, such as the prediction of soil quality change, soil carbon sequestration, and land productivity for different agricultural crops in response to agricultural policy, land management, and climate change scenarios. Future versions of the SLC are under development that will have improved spatial resolution and include soils data for areas beyond the present agricultural zone of Canada.
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Hailu, Ziade, and Gerrit Rooks. "Property rights and owner occupied housing investment in urban Ethiopia." Property Management 34, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-08-2015-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the provision of formal land and building rights provides incentives to poor households to invest in their property in urban Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach – To test the hypothesis a natural quasi-experimental design was employed. Data were collected from a random sample of 210 households in a land formalization project and 190 households in a control group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To control for selection bias propensity score matching was used to estimate group differences. Findings – The beneficiary group reported a higher investment level than did the control group. Households in the beneficiary group are statistically more likely to invest in new structures and housing maintenance, yet these effects are modest. Practical implications – Governments, donors, and land administration officials may use these findings to address contextual issues that need deliberate interventions to make formalization projects achieve its goals. Originality/value – Property rights research is preoccupied with changes in land rights and its response to investment in agricultural sector. The paper contributes to the limited literature dealing with property rights literature on urban setting. Moreover, empirical research has been hampered by the problem of causality and endogeneity while the study is designed in such a way to respond to the selection problem utilizing a natural experiment.
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Nasution, Achmad Delianur, and Ronaldo Immanuel Lubis. "Transit Hotel in Transit Oriented Development Area." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v2i1.297.
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According to the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number
62 The year 2011 on Spatial Plans of Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang and Karo (Mebidangro), Pinang Baris was included in TOD Route Map. The commercial area will be redesigned by the division of each building function, corresponding to one of TOD's four segmentation divisions [1]. The building designed in this commercial area is a transit hotel due to its location right next to Pinang Baris Terminal, with the dominance of visitors with tourist destinations to Berastagi, Bukit Lawang, Tangkahan, Lake Toba or Aceh. Hotel Transit Pinang Baris is right in front of T.B Simatupangmain street, adjacent to Mall Pinang Baris, and fitted with Pinang Baris Market building. Inter-building integration will be applied to support the factor of commercial function in the built area. By raising the "Global Warming" Issues, the Pinang Baris Transit Hotel will apply the green architecture concept on a 2.7-hectare site area, with 1.1-hectare of land built, and overall 26.746m2 building area and a maximum height of 4 floors according to local regulations. Then the hotel will be systematically designed using Glass-Box Method with form following hotel's site and standard. From the analysis, the hotel is a 3-star hotel. The transit hotel has 128 rooms, with 120 rooms of 6x4m standard size and eight rooms of 6x6m Deluxe size. Additional facilities are available at this Transit Hotel, by 3-star standards, i.e., coffee shop, bar, swimming pool, fitness, spa & sauna, and a ballroom. Thus Transit Pinang Baris Hotel with its implementation can be a place to stay that can meet the needs of visitors in the commercial area TOD Pinang Baris.
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Doležal, Petr, Jana Konečná, Petr Karásek, Jana Podhrázská, and Michal Pochop. "Water Retention in a Small Agricultural Catchment and its Potential Improvement by Design of Water Reservoirs – A Case Study of the Bílý Potok Catchment (Czechia)." European Countryside 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0001.
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AbstractWater retention in the landscape is discussed in the context of conservation and improvement of both its productive and non-productive functions. We analysed the retention potential of a small agricultural catchment associated with the Bílý potok brook, investigating the possibility to improve its retention capacity and slow down the surface runoff, thus increasing the underground water resources. Method of curve numbers was used for that purposes. From results, it emerged that present maximum water retention in the Bílý potok catchment is 96.2 mm. It could increase by 101.3 mm in case of grassing about 20% arable land threatened by soil erosion. As next possibility to retain water from precipitations in landscape, capacity and transformation effect of reservoirs designed in master plans was analysed. The latest programming tools working in the GIS environment were used to assess the retention capacity of both the catchment surface and the reservoirs. Analysing master plans in the catchment, it was found that 16 designed water reservoirs (from 31) have a good potential to intercept water and transform flood discharges. In the result, priority for building of reservoirs was recommended according to their pertinence and efficiency in the studied catchment. Presented complex approach can be widely implemented, especially for better effectivity and cohesion of landscape planning and land consolidations processes.
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Zou, Xiaoliang, Guihua Zhao, Jonathan Li, Yuanxi Yang, and Yong Fang. "OBJECT BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS COMBINING HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGERY AND LASER POINT CLOUDS FOR URBAN LAND COVER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 10, 2016): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-733-2016.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid developments of the sensor technology, high spatial resolution imagery and airborne Lidar point clouds can be captured nowadays, which make classification, extraction, evaluation and analysis of a broad range of object features available. High resolution imagery, Lidar dataset and parcel map can be widely used for classification as information carriers. Therefore, refinement of objects classification is made possible for the urban land cover. The paper presents an approach to object based image analysis (OBIA) combing high spatial resolution imagery and airborne Lidar point clouds. The advanced workflow for urban land cover is designed with four components. Firstly, colour-infrared TrueOrtho photo and laser point clouds were pre-processed to derive the parcel map of water bodies and nDSM respectively. Secondly, image objects are created via multi-resolution image segmentation integrating scale parameter, the colour and shape properties with compactness criterion. Image can be subdivided into separate object regions. Thirdly, image objects classification is performed on the basis of segmentation and a rule set of knowledge decision tree. These objects imagery are classified into six classes such as water bodies, low vegetation/grass, tree, low building, high building and road. Finally, in order to assess the validity of the classification results for six classes, accuracy assessment is performed through comparing randomly distributed reference points of TrueOrtho imagery with the classification results, forming the confusion matrix and calculating overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. The study area focuses on test site Vaihingen/Enz and a patch of test datasets comes from the benchmark of ISPRS WG III/4 test project. The classification results show higher overall accuracy for most types of urban land cover. Overall accuracy is 89.5% and Kappa coefficient equals to 0.865. The OBIA approach provides an effective and convenient way to combine high resolution imagery and Lidar ancillary data for classification of urban land cover.
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Zou, Xiaoliang, Guihua Zhao, Jonathan Li, Yuanxi Yang, and Yong Fang. "OBJECT BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS COMBINING HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGERY AND LASER POINT CLOUDS FOR URBAN LAND COVER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 10, 2016): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-733-2016.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid developments of the sensor technology, high spatial resolution imagery and airborne Lidar point clouds can be captured nowadays, which make classification, extraction, evaluation and analysis of a broad range of object features available. High resolution imagery, Lidar dataset and parcel map can be widely used for classification as information carriers. Therefore, refinement of objects classification is made possible for the urban land cover. The paper presents an approach to object based image analysis (OBIA) combing high spatial resolution imagery and airborne Lidar point clouds. The advanced workflow for urban land cover is designed with four components. Firstly, colour-infrared TrueOrtho photo and laser point clouds were pre-processed to derive the parcel map of water bodies and nDSM respectively. Secondly, image objects are created via multi-resolution image segmentation integrating scale parameter, the colour and shape properties with compactness criterion. Image can be subdivided into separate object regions. Thirdly, image objects classification is performed on the basis of segmentation and a rule set of knowledge decision tree. These objects imagery are classified into six classes such as water bodies, low vegetation/grass, tree, low building, high building and road. Finally, in order to assess the validity of the classification results for six classes, accuracy assessment is performed through comparing randomly distributed reference points of TrueOrtho imagery with the classification results, forming the confusion matrix and calculating overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. The study area focuses on test site Vaihingen/Enz and a patch of test datasets comes from the benchmark of ISPRS WG III/4 test project. The classification results show higher overall accuracy for most types of urban land cover. Overall accuracy is 89.5% and Kappa coefficient equals to 0.865. The OBIA approach provides an effective and convenient way to combine high resolution imagery and Lidar ancillary data for classification of urban land cover.
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Leishman, Chris, and Glen Bramley. "A Local Housing Market Model with Spatial Interaction and Land-Use Planning Controls." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 9 (September 2005): 1637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37141.
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There have been relatively few attempts to construct local housing market models in the United Kingdom—particularly models with an explicit treatment of land supply. In this paper we report the results of a pilot study designed to test the practicability of estimating a system of equations which describe housing market dynamics at the local level. Former district council areas in Central Scotland are used as a proxy for local housing markets within a region, thereby providing a panel dataset. A simple supply — demand system with separate equations for inward and outward household migration is modelled using two-stage least squares. The empirical results are varied, with some equations and coefficients performing more closely in line with prior expectations than others. House price levels are explained largely with reference to household income, socioeconomic status, and past levels of house price growth. Higher price levels and higher deprivation diminish inward migration. There are also suggestions in the results that higher rates of new-build supply partly cause higher inward migration. The rate of outward migration increases with ethnicity and wealth and decreases with deprivation. The empirical performance of the new-build supply equation is poor although the results do yield some interesting insights. House building output generally decreases as the proportion of ‘small’ sites in the land supply increases. There is also evidence that house building output decreases as land supply in neighbouring areas increases. We conclude the paper by outlining further directions for modelling prices, supply, and migration at local housing market level. In particular, the case is made for further work involving the collection of wider and longer panel datasets and for extending the pilot study work beyond Scotland.
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Ding, Ding, Xianjun Yu, and Zhonglin Wang. "The Evolution of the Living Environment in Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on Historical Paintings." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430700.
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Some historical paintings are realistic enough to provide information for the study of ancient civil buildings and their corresponding living environment. This article uses architectural iconology, computer modeling, and quantitative analysis methods to interpret ancient images for contemporary research. This work selects Qingming Shanghe Tu , painted by Ying Qiu in the Ming Dynasty, and Gusu Fanhua Tu , created by Yang Xu in the Qing Dynasty to study the evolution of the living environment of ancient Suzhou at the natural meaning level. At the conventional meaning level, a comparison of the two images reveals that land use, landscaping, building performance, and building materials evolved due to social development. At the intrinsic meaning level, this development was found to be closely related to the expansion of urban construction, the development of compact landscaping, and the maturation of construction techniques. The architectural iconology method proposed by this work can be used to study other ancient buildings based on existing images.