Relevant bibliographies by topics / A. Le Coq (Firm)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'A. Le Coq (Firm)'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

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Kurniasih, Augustina, Muhamad Rustam, Heliantono, and Endri Endri. "Cost of capital and firm value: Evidence from Indonesia." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(4).2022.02.

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Cost and capital structure are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the investments made by a company. This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of the component of cost of capital (COC) and capital structure (CS) on firm value. Pulp & Paper companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) became the research sample for the 2013–2020 period. The research method applied is a moderation regression analysis approach. The empirical findings of the study prove that firm value is not influenced by the cost of debt (COD), while the cost of equity (COE) has a negative effect, and COC is positive. COC is a combination of the use of debt and equity, modeling by adding a CS variable as a moderating variable; this leads to the conclusion that COD and COE have a negative effect on firm value, whereas COC and CS have a positive effect. The finding of the role of CS as a moderating variable reveals that CS is a quasi-moderator variable and plays a role in increasing.
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Cheshmberah, Mohsen, Yadollah Asgari Savadjani, and Mehdi Karbasian. "Identifying, refining, measuring and analyzing the cost of quality (CoQ) (real case: a manufacturing firm)." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, no. 6S (December 31, 2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2019/v11i6/191106103.

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Doo, Seoyoung, and Sung－Soo Yoon. "Explanations for Non－compliance with Key Corporate Governance Indicators and Firm Value." Korean Accounting Information Association 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiaair.41.3.3.

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[Purpose] The Comply or Explain (CoE) approach, a core principle of the Corporate Governance Code, encourages an improvement in corporate governance by affording each firm the discretion to choose an appropriate governance structure and by allowing capital market participants to assess the firm’s governance choice. In order to investigate whether the corporate governance disclosure system works in accordance with the spirit of the CoE approach, this study analyzes the relationship between disclosure of the status of compliance with the key indicators of corporate governance and firm value. [Methodology] Using a sample of listed firms that disclosed corporate governance reports from 2019 to 2021, we perform regression analysis to examine the relationship between the disclosure of compliance or explanations for non－compliance with key corporate governance indicators and firm value. Additionally, we analyze the content of the explanations for noncompliance. [Findings] We find that compliance with key indicators has a positive relationship with firm value, while explanations for non－compliance do not exhibit a significant relationship with firm value. We also find that the majority of non－compliers state only the fact that they do not comply with the key indicators or provide general explanations exemplified in guidelines and best practices for their non－compliance. [Implications] The mandatory disclosure system for corporate governance reports, under the CoE approach, is intended to enhance transparency and the long－term value of the firm through effective disclosure of corporate governance and will apply to all listed firms in 2026. We find that the explanations provided by non－compliers are neither specific nor significantly related to firm value. These findings suggest the need for a discussion on ways to enhance the understanding of the essence of the CoE principles, particularly the Explanation (E) element, among both firms and information users and to improve the quality of corporate disclosures.
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Ou, Xu, and Haiwei Jiang. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pulp and Paper Industry in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042982.

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In areas with serious pollution problems, the government designates a special emission limit (SEL) for pollution control and environmental protection in China. This paper examines the effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) SEL on firms’ production activity and market performance in the pulp and paper industry in the Lake Tai area in China. Using firm-level data, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that SEL has a negative impact on the production scale, profitability, and market size of the regulated firms, while showing no significant impact on firm exports. The heterogeneity tests suggest that the impact of SEL on production and market performance varies with firm ownership, firm size, and target market. The reallocation effect of production shifts extra production from exited firms to existing firms, which explains the expansion of production scale and market size for SOEs and large-sized regulated firms. Compared with the decline of production scale, the inventory alleviation effect reduces the negative impact of stricter environmental regulation on firm performance.
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Khan, Muhammad Hamza, and Muhammad Rizwan. "The Impact of Stock Price Crash Risk on the Cost of Capital: Empirical Study from China." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei30221034.

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This study analysed the effect of Sock Price Crash Risk (SPCR) on the cost of capital in Chinese listed firms in the Shenzhen stock exchange and the shanghai Stock Exchange. A sample of 290 firms based on the highest value of assets of each firm was used. The cost of capital consists of two factors; the cost of equity (COE) and the cost of debt (COD). The SPCR is measured by using two statistics, one is NCSKEW means the negative coefficient of skewness of the firm-specific weekly returns and the second is DUVOL that means Down to-Up Volatility used to measure the crash likelihood weekly return of firm-specific and used the Modified PEG ratio model of Eston approach to measuring the cost of equity. We used panel data to run the regression model analyses. SPCR was found to have a significantly positive relationship with the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also, the sample was divided into the State-Owned enterprise (SOEs) and Non-State-Owned enterprises (NSOEs) for comparison. The results show that the impact of SPCR on the COE and COD is stronger in SOEs than NSOEs. The regulators need to improve and strengthen the development of laws and regulations related to company information disclosure, to reduce the cost of capital of listed companies and improve the efficiency of financing the Chinese capital market. Companies need to work together to strengthen internal controls, create a good disclosure environment, and prevent the SPCR.
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Lamichhane, Pitambar. "Firm Fundamentals and Cost of Capital of Non-financial Firms in Nepal." Management Dynamics 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/md.v24i2.50038.

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This paper examines the impact of firm fundamentals on the cost of capital (COC) of non-financial firms in Nepal for the period 2004/05-2017/18. This study has applied a causal-comparative research design to investigate the effect of firm fundamentals on COC. COC is the weighted average cost of capital of debt and share capital and is used as a dependent variable and bank-related fundamental variables such as growth rate of net sales, growth rate of assets, leverage ratio as debt to capital, dividend payout ratio, earning variability, assets tangibility and liquidity ratio are explanatory variables of this study. Estimated results show that liquidity, earnings variability, dividend payout and leverage ratio are key factors influencing COC in Nepalese non-financial firms. The estimated regression results of this paper reveal that COC is positively affected by dividend payout and inversely influenced by leverage, earning variability, and liquidity. This paper concludes that Nepalese non-financial firms with less dividend distribution using high financial leverage with a strong liquidity position and higher-earning variability can minimize the cost of capital. Nepalese firms should pay more dividends to use cheaper sources of debt and increase liquidity position and financial leverage to minimize the average cost of capital. Policymakers can use the results of this study to formulate and implement policies about firm fundamentals, cost of capital and business activities.
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Chang, Yu-Tzu, and Dan N. Stone. "Why does decomposed audit proposal readability differ by audit firm size? A Coh-Metrix approach." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 895–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-02-2018-1789.

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Purpose This paper aims to introduce the emerging artificial-intelligence-based readability metrics (Coh-Metrix) to examine the effects of firm size on audit proposal readability. Design/methodology/approach Coh-Metrix readability measures use emerging computation linguistics technology to better assess document readability. These metrics measure co-relations of words, sentences and paragraphs on multi-dimensions rather than adopting the unidimensional “bag of words” approach that examines words in isolation. Using eight Coh-Metrix orthogonal principal component factors, the authors analyze the Chang and Stone (2019) data set comprised of 370 hand-collected audit proposals submitted by audit firms for the US state and local governments’ audit service contracts. Findings Audit firm size has a significant impact on the readability of audit proposals. Specifically, as measured by the traditional readability metric, the proposals from smaller firms are more readable than those submitted by larger firms. Furthermore, decomposed readability metrics indicate that smaller firm proposals evidence stronger (deep) text cohesion, whereas larger firm proposals evidence a stronger narrative structure and higher connectivity (relational indicators) among proposal elements. Unlike the traditional readability metric, however, the emergent readability metrics are uncorrelated with auditor selection. Research limitations/implications Work remains to develop and validate Coh-Metrix measures that are specific to the context of accounting and auditing practice. Future research can use emerging readability measures to examine various textual features (e.g. text cohesion) in finance or accounting related documents. Practical implications The results provide practitioners with insight into the proposal writing strategies and practices of larger and smaller firms. In addition, the results highlight the differing audit firm selection outcomes from traditional and Coh-Metrix readability metrics. Originality/value This study introduces new data and holistic readability measures to the auditing literature.
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Xu, Xiaoshu, Yingying Cheng, and Xuechen Meng. "River Chief System, Emission Abatement, and Firms’ Profits: Evidence from China’s Polluting Firms." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063418.

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This paper studies the firm-level impact of the river chief system (RCS), which is a decentralized policy in China for water protection, by investigating polluting firms’ emission abatement and the net operating profits. We have four main findings. First, on average, the RCS significantly reduced firm-level COD emissions by 3.7 percent, which was mainly caused by the emission abatement of firms in heavily polluting industries, non-state-owned firms, and firms in the eastern provinces. On the other hand, the RCS also significantly increased polluting firms’ profit by 3.1 percent, which was mainly caused by heavily polluting firms. Second, different regions adopted different strategies for pollution abatement, exhibiting a pattern consistent with the “pollution paradise” assumption in the central and western provinces. Third, polluting firms at provincial boundaries did not reduce their COD emissions, while polluting firms in the interior significantly reduced their emissions by 5.6 percent, indicating the strong free-riding incentive of local governments. Fourth, the increase in the profits of heavily polluting industries was mainly caused by the significant increase in market concentration and a possible transfer of the negative shock from the RCS along the production line. All results were also robust for firm-level NH3-N emissions. This paper provides new and insightful implications for policymaking for environmental protection.
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Basuony, Mohamed A. K., Angie Abdel Zaher, Mohammed Bouaddi, and Neveen Noureldin. "Sustainability, corporate governance, and firm performance: Evidence from emerging markets." Corporate Ownership and Control 20, no. 3, special issue (2023): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv20i3siart3.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the influence of sustainability especially the environmental pillar and corporate board diversity on the financial performance in emerging markets. This study examines the effect of sustainability and board composition on firm performance. The sample of this study comprises 1382 firms with a total of 19199 firm-year observations covering a period from 2008 to 2021. These firms are listed in the MSCI emerging markets index representing 24 emerging countries. The results show that the main index of sustainability (ESG index) and other sub-indices (environmental score, emission score and CO2 equivalent emission) of sustainability that are used as measures of climate change have an effect on accounting-based performance (return on assets, ROA) and market-based performance (Tobin’s Q and book-to-market value, BTMV). Also, the results show that age, nationality and education as board diversity components affect the firm performance; however, the female directors on the board did not affect the firm performance.
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Ramzan, M. B., S. M. Qureshi, M. Ullah, M. S. Memon, and M. A. Siddiqui. "Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) and Cost of Quality (COQ) Concepts – A Case from a Developing Country." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss2pp145-155.

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In developed countries, the application of the quality management system (QMS) is widely proven. However, in developing countries, like Pakistan, industries are not mature enough to understand and implement the system. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of quality, implementation of QMS and cost of quality (COQ) program in value-added garment sector, which is one of the major subsectors of textile industry in Pakistan. The methodology of the study is a questionnaire survey. The findings suggest that the majority of the respondent firms have well implemented quality management (QM) practices. Trend of results also depicts that most of the organizations wish to acquire ISO certification, which shows that the industrial processes are customer-centered thus striving to fulfil customer requirements. It can also be concluded that most of the organizations lack the COQ concept, its understanding and appropriate implementation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

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Nascimento, Rui Fonseca. "Which factors determine firm survival?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13084.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este estudo tem como finalidade analisar quais as variáveis que afectam a sobrevivência das empresas que atuam na indústria transformadora portuguesa. A análise de sobrevivência será efetuada através de 1130 empresas, correspondendo estas as empresas nascidas no período de 2005 a 2009. A base de dados utilizada no estudo SCIE tem como base a publicação reportada pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE). A nossa análise de sobrevivência é centralizada em cinco variáveis de uma empresa: Crescimento, Dimensão, Tecnologia, Indicadores financeiros e o Sector. De forma a determinar o impacto destas variáveis na sobrevivência utilizamos o modelo de regressão de Cox. Antes de efetuarmos uma análise pelo modelo de regressão de Cox o comportamento das variáveis independentes foi analisado através do modelo de Kaplan-Meier onde podemos concluir que o segundo e terceiro ano de operação apresentam-se como os anos em que as empresas verificam maiores taxas de mortalidade (estas foram de cerca de 10% em cada ano). Analisando o modelo de Cox fomos incapazes de rejeitar todas as hipóteses efetuadas.
The main aim of this empirical study is to determine which factors influence the survival of new Portuguese companies. We will do so through survival analysis of 1130 companies born in the Portuguese manufacturing sector between 2005 and 2009. The database used SCIE, based on the report published by the INE. Our survival analysis is centered on five company variables: Growth, Size, Technological, Dimension, and Sector. To determine the impact of these variables on survival we used the Cox regression model. Before we ran an analysis through the Cox model we also studied the behavior of the variables through a Kaplan-Meier survival estimate, where we concluded that the second and the third year are those in which firms present the highest mortality rates (about 10% in each year). Moving into the Cox regression analysis, we were unable to reject any of our original hypotheses.
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Bahrami, Abdorrahim. "Modelling and Verifying Dynamic Properties of Neuronal Networks in Coq." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42643.

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Since the mid-1990s, formal verification has become increasingly important because it can provide guarantees that a software system is free of bugs and working correctly based on a provided model. Verification of biological and medical systems is a promising application of formal verification. Human neural networks have recently been emulated and studied as a biological system. Some recent research has been done on modelling some crucial neuronal circuits and using model checking techniques to verify their temporal properties. In large case studies, model checkers often cannot prove the given property at the desired level of generality. In this thesis, we provide a model using the Coq proof assistant and prove some properties concerning the dynamic behavior of some basic neuronal structures. Understanding the behavior of these modules is crucial because they constitute the elementary building blocks of bigger neuronal circuits. By using a proof assistant, we guarantee that the properties are true in the general case, that is, true for any input values, any length of input, and any amount of time. In this thesis, we define a model of human neural networks. We verify some properties of this model starting with properties of neurons. Neurons are the smallest unit in a human neuronal network. In the next step, we prove properties about functional structures of human neural networks which are called archetypes. Archetypes consist of two or more neurons connected in a suitable way. They are known for displaying some particular classes of behaviours, and their compositions govern several important functions such as walking, breathing, etc. The next step is verifying properties about structures that couple different archetypes to perform more complicated actions. We prove a property about one of these kinds of compositions. With such a model, there is the potential to detect inactive regions of the human brain and to treat mental disorders. Furthermore, our approach can be generalized to the verification of other kinds of networks, such as regulatory, metabolic, or environmental networks.
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Chambers, Maxwell J. "The Effect of Executive Compensation on Firm Performance through the Dot-Com Bubble." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/415.

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This thesis examines firm performance through the dot-com bubble through the lens of executive compensation. Hypotheses based on the theoretical literature of Bolton, Scheinkman and Xiong (2006) as well as Bertrand and Mullainathan (2001) in regards to management compensation in a speculative bubble motivate three regression models with differing market-cap-growth based dependent variables and specific compensation variables. Regression analyses test the models using public compensation and security data from S&P's Execucomp and Compustat databases. Synthesizing regression results show that stock option vesting schedules and executives' status on the board of directors may significantly affect firm performance through the dot-com bubble, but more analysis, using more robust data, is necessary to verify either claim.
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Matos, Catarina. "Ageing and entrepreneurship : firm creation and performance among older individuals." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15851.

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Doutoramento em Estudos de Desenvolvimento
O actual foco no envelhecimento activo torna o empreendedorismo sénior um fenómeno de crescente relevância. Pouco se conhece sobre as motivações do empreendedorismo sénior e ainda menos sobre os seus efeitos. Esta tese produz conhecimento sobre os empreendedores seniores e analisa o seu desempenho empresarial do ponto de vista objectivo e subjectivo. Assenta em teorias de diferentes disciplinas, como a gerontologia, psicologia e economia. Adicionalmente, analisa dados primários (um questionário) e secundários (“Quadros de Pessoal”). A investigação contempla quatro contributos principais. Primeiro, é desenvolvido e aplicado na revisão da literatura um esquema conceptual de análise do empreendedorismo sénior. Verifica-se uma carência de investigação sobre o desempenho organizacional das empresas. O segundo contributo reflete a realidade Portuguesa do empreendedorismo sénior, verificando-se que os seniores mostram uma reduzida vontade de enveredar pelo empreendedorismo, admitindo-se que as causas estejam relacionadas com os níveis de burocracia, a reduzida dinâmica dos mercados e uma cultura pouco orientada para o desempenho. Em terceiro lugar foi analisado o impacto do capital humano na criação de empresas, e da idade no desempenho organizacional. Concluiu-se que possuir experiência empreendedora e profissional está positivamente relacionada com a criação de empresas por seniores. Adicionalmente, os resultados confirmam o efeito negativo da idade no desempenho organizacional. O último contributo analisa o nível de satisfação do empreendedor para com a empresa. Verifica-se que aspetos monetários e não-monetários são, ambos, relevantes; assim como ter experiência na indústria afeta positivamente a satisfação, ao passo que um período de desemprego superior a 12 meses, prévio à criação da empresa, afeta negativamente a satisfação. Esta tese tem implicações no desenho de políticas públicas relacionadas com empreendedorismo e em futura investigação. Aqui, admite-se que a utilização do conceito de idade percebida pelo próprio (em lugar da idade cronológica) possa ser um indicador útil na adesão e desempenho do empreendedor. O efeito negativo do desemprego anterior à criação da empresa deve ser reconhecido e abordado pelos decisores políticos.
Senior entrepreneurship is a phenomenon of growing interest due to the current focus on active ageing. Little is still known about the determinants of senior entrepreneurship and less regarding its outcomes. This thesis provides insights about senior entrepreneurs and examines firm performance from subjective and objective levels. It is based on a multi-theory approach, from gerontology, psychology, to economic theories. Moreover, primary and secondary data was adopted: a questionnaire and a national database “Quadros de Pessoal”. The research has four main contributions. First, a framework of analysis is developed and applied to review senior entrepreneurship literature. A lack of evidence related to firm performance was found and more theory-based articles should be developed. Second, the Portuguese reality of senior entrepreneurship is examined and we find that Portugal faces an older population who exhibits a low willingness to engage in entrepreneurship, probably due to the levels of bureaucracy, low market dynamics, and a culture not oriented to performance. Third, we explore the impact of human capital traits on firm creation and of age on firm performance. Having entrepreneurial and paid employee experience is positively related to firm creation for older individuals. Furthermore, our results confirm the negative effect of being older on firm performance. Fourth, we examine business satisfaction among senior entrepreneurs –monetary and non-monetary are both important to explain business satisfaction and having industry experience positively affects business satisfaction, whereas having spent more than 12 months unemployed immediately before founding affects it negatively. The thesis leads to implications for policy makers and future research, namely on the appropriateness of considering self-perceived age (instead of chronological age) as an indicator influencing entrepreneurship. The negative effect of unemployment status before startup should be acknowledged and tackled by policy makers.
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Lundstedt, Anders. "Realizability in Coq." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174109.

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This thesis describes a Coq formalization of realizability interpretations of arithmetic. The realizability interpretations are based on partial combinatory algebras—to each partial combinatory algebra there is an associated realizability interpretation. I construct two partial combinatory algebras. One of these gives a realizability interpretation equivalent to Kleene’s original one, without involving the usual recursion-theoretic machinery.
Den här uppsatsen beskriver en Coq-formalisering av realiserbarhetstolkningar av aritmetik. Realiserbarhetstolkningarna baseras på partiella kombinatoriska algebror—för varje partiell kombinatorisk algebra finns det en motsvarande realiserbarhetstolkning. Jag konstruerar två partiella kombinatoriska algebror. En av dessa ger en realiserbarhetstolkning som är ekvivalent med Kleenes ursprungliga tolkning, men dess konstruktion använder inte det sedvanliga rekursionsteoretiska maskineriet.
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Claret, Guillaume. "Program in Coq." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC068/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à développer de nouvelles techniques pour écrire plus simplement des programmes formellement vérifiés. Nous procédons en étudiant l'utilisation de Coq en tant que langage de programmation dans différents environnements. Coq étant un langage purement fonctionnel, nous nous concentrons surtout sur la représentation et la spécification d'effets impurs, tel que les exceptions, les références mutables, les entrées-sorties et la concurrence.Nous travaillons premièrement sur deux projets préliminaires qui nous aident à comprendre les défis existants dans la programmation en Coq. Le premier projet, Cybele, est un plugin Coq pour écrire des preuves par réflexion efficaces avec effets. Nous compilons et nous exécutons les effets impurs en OCaml pour générer une prophétie, une forme de certificat, et interprétons les effets dans Coq en utilisant cette prophétie. Le second projet, le compilateur CoqOfOCaml, importe des programmes OCaml avec effets dans Coq en utilisant un système d'inférence d'effets.Puis nous décrivons différentes représentations génériques et composables d'effets impurs en Coq. Les calculs avec pause combinent les effets d'exceptions et de références mutables avec un mécanisme de pause. Ce mécanisme de pause permet de rendre explicite les étapes d'évaluation dans le but de représenter l'évaluation concurrente de deux termes. En implémentant le serveur web Pluto en Coq, nous réalisons que les entrées-sorties asynchrones sont l'effet le plus utile : cet effet est présent dans la plupart des programmes et ne peux être encodé de façon purement fonctionnelle. Nous concevons alors les "calculs asynchrones" comme moyen pour représenter et compiler des programmes avec événements en Coq.Finalement, nous étudions des techniques pour prouver des propriétés à propos de programmes avec effets. Nous commençons avec la vérification du système de blog ChickBlog écrit dans le langage des "calculs interactifs". Ce blog lance un fil d'exécution par client. Nous vérifions notre blog en utilisant une méthode de spécification par cas d'utilisation. Nous adaptons cette technique à la théorie des types en exprimant un cas d'utilisation comme un co-programme bien typé. Grâce à ce formalisme, nous pouvons présenter un cas d'utilisation comme un programme de test symbolique et le déboguer symboliquement, étape par étape, en utilisant le mode interactif de Coq. À notre connaissance, ceci représente la première telle adaptation de la spécification par cas d'utilisation en théorie des types. Nous pensons que la spécification formelle par cas d'utilisation est l'une des clés pour vérifier des programmes avec effets, sachant que la méthode des cas d'utilisation s'est avérée utile dans l'industrie pour exprimer des spécifications informelles. Nous étendons notre formalisme aux programmes concurrents et potentiellement non-terminants, avec le langage des "calculs concurrents". Nous concevons également un vérificateur de modèles pour vérifier l'absence d'interblocage dans un programme concurrent, en compilant la composition parallèle vers l'opérateur de choix non-déterministe
In this thesis, we develop new techniques to conveniently write formally verified programs. To proceed, we study the use of Coq as a programming language in different settings. Coq being a purely functional language, we mainly focus on the representation and on the specification of impure effects, like exceptions, mutable references, inputs-outputs, and concurrency.First, we work on two preliminary projects helping us to understand the challenges of programming in Coq. The first project, Cybele, is a Coq plugin to write efficient proofs by reflection with effects. We compile and execute the impure effects in OCaml to generate a prophecy, a kind of certificate, and then interpret the effects in Coq using the prophecy. The second project, the compiler CoqOfOCaml, imports OCaml programs with effects into Coq, using an effect inference system.Next, we describe different generic and composable representations of impure effects in Coq. The breakable computations combine the standard exceptions and mutable references effects, with a pause mechanism to make explicit the evaluation steps in order to represent the concurrent evaluation of two terms. By implementing the Pluto web server in Coq, we realize that the most important effects to program are the asynchronous inputs-outputs. Indeed, these effects are ubiquitous and cannot be encoded in a purely functional manner. Thus, we design the asynchronous computations as a first way to represent and compile programs with events and handlers in Coq.Then, we study techniques to prove properties about programs with effects. We start with the verification of the blog system ChickBlog written in the language of the interactive computations. This blog runs one worker with synchronous inputs-outputs per client. We verify our blog using the method of specification by use cases. We adapt this technique to type theory by expressing a use case as a well-typed co-program over the program we verify. Thanks to this formalism, we can present a use case as a symbolic test program and symbolically debug it, step by step, using the interactive proof mode of Coq. To our knowledge, this is the first such adaptation of the use case specifications in type theory. We believe that the formal specification by use cases is one of the keys to verify effectful programs, as the method of use cases proved to be convenient to express (informal) specifications in the software industry. We extend our formalism to concurrent and potentially non-terminating programs with the language of concurrent computations. Apart from the use case method, we design a model-checker to verify the deadlock freedom of concurrent computations, by compiling the parallel composition to the non-deterministic choice operator using the language of blocking computations
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Svensson, Sofie, and Maria Rothén. "Voluntary carbon offsetting : A case study of Husqvarna AB from a firm, consumer and society wide perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12986.

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Global warming is an international problem which has led to that many corporations today has an increased environmental awareness.

This thesis includes a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach which evaluates whether carbon offsetting is a profitable alternative for corporations and society wide. The study is predominately focusing on the emissions of the greenhouse gas . The calculations of CBA show the difference between the scenarios with or without the carbon offsetting. In the CBA approach effects are divided into benefits and costs.

The study includes a case study of Husqvarna AB and is carried through with aim to get a decision support whether or not to make the corporation carbon neutral. Basic data from Husqvarna AB has been used.

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Luna, Ango Luis Toribio, and Huamán José Omar Morón. "Factores que permiten el desarrollo de Startups peruanas con características de una Born Global Firm." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623507.

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En los últimos años, la internacionalización ha sido tema de diversos estudios y que muchas empresas han visto como un objetivo cada vez más factible gracias a la globalización, permitiendo a las Born Global Firms (BGF) alcanzar este objetivo en corto tiempo y salir al extranjero desde sus inicios. Al mismo tiempo, en el mercado han surgido grupos de emprendedores que han desarrollado negocios de rápido crecimiento y escalabilidad conocidos como startups y que, recientemente, en el Perú está comenzando a tomar mayor fuerza gracias a la participación de entidades públicas y privadas del ecosistema. Dentro de este contexto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los principales factores que permiten a una startup peruana desarrollarse como una BGF. Para tal fin, la investigación aplicó técnicas cualitativas basadas en entrevistas a expertos y representantes de algunas born global startups del ecosistema; además mediante encuestas a 80 startups peruanas como parte del estudio cuantitativo se realizó un análisis estadístico de relación entre los factores planteados y la posibilidad de lograr startups internacionales. De esta manera, con los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos se concluyó que la visión global del modelo de negocios es el principal factor para desarrollar una Born Global startup en el Perú. Asimismo, se determinó que la experiencia previa de los fundadores y las redes de contactos constituyen factores críticos para proporcionar una mejor visión global. En contraste, se identificó al financiamiento como un factor de valor agregado al modelo, pero no determinante para la internacionalización de una startup.
In recent years, internationalization has been the subject of several studies and many companies have seen it as an increasingly feasible goal thanks to globalization and this phenomenon has allowed that Born Global Firms (BGF) to achieve this goal in a short time and go abroad since its inception. At the same time, the market has originated groups of entrepreneurs who have developed fast-growing and scalable businesses known as startups. Recently, in Peru, startups are beginning to take greater strength thanks to the participation of public and private entities of the ecosystem. In this context, the research aims to identify the main factors that help to develop a Peruvian startup like a BGF. For this purpose, the study applied qualitative techniques based on interviews to experts and representatives of some born global startups of the ecosystem. In addition, as part of the quantitative study, surveys were conducted to eighty startups that allowed develop statistical analysis of the relationship between the proposed factors and the possibility of getting international startups. In this way, with the qualitative and quantitative results, it was concluded that the global vision of business model is the main factor to develop a born global startup in the Peruvian ecosystem. Furthermore, it was determined that the previous experience of the founders and networking are critical factors to provide a better global vision. In contrast, financing was identified as a factor of value added to the model but not determinant for the internationalization of a startup.
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Rothén, Maria, and Sofie Svensson. "Volontary carbon offsetting : A case study of Husqvarna AB from a firm, consumer and a society wide perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12911.

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Abstract:

Global warming is an international problem which has led to that many corporations today has an increased environmental awareness.

This thesis includes a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach which evaluates whether carbon offsetting is a profitable alternative for corporations and society wide. The study is predominately focusing on the emissions of the greenhouse gas . The calculations of CBA show the difference between the scenarios with or without the carbon offsetting. In the CBA approach effects are divided into benefits and costs.

The study includes a case study of Husqvarna AB and is carried through with aim to get a decision support whether or not to make the corporation carbon neutral. Basic data from Husqvarna AB has been used.

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Jakubiec, Line. "Vérification de circuits dans Coq." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11030.

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La verification formelle de circuits integres garantit de facon rigoureuse leur fiabilite. Pour ce faire, les assistants de preuve sont de plus en plus utilises. Le systeme coq, base sur le calcul des constructions inductives avec types co-inductifs, presente des particularites interessantes et originales. Nous etudions ce que ce systeme peut apporter dans le domaine de la specification et de la verification de circuits. Apres avoir montre l'interet des types dependants pour donner des specifications de circuits precises et donc fiables, nous utilisons le mecanisme d'extraction coq pour synthetiser un circuit correct par construction. Nous illustrons ces aspects sur des circuits combinatoires dont l'architecture est lineaire et nous etudions sur cet exemple les diverses strategies de preuve qu'offre coq. Notre etude porte ensuite sur les circuits sequentiels synchrones specifies a l'aide de types co-inductifs. Ces types permettent de definir en coq des objets infinis comme les streams. Les structures et les comportements des circuits sont modelises de facon uniforme par des automates, eux-memes caracterises par des fonctions co-recursives sur les streams. Notre approche est hierarchique et modulaire et repose sur un lemme general qui exprime une equivalence entre deux streams issues respectivement de deux automates. Ce lemme prend en compte l'essentiel de l'aspect temporel de nos preuves de correction. Nous appliquons ensuite cette methodologie a un circuit reel, le fairisle atm switch element.
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Books on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

1

Camuset, Roland. Histoire du Coq sportif: La marque des tricolores. [Romilly-sur-Seine]: R. Camuset, 1989.

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Barbara, Julien, ed. Patriarche & Co: Architectes et ingénieurs : 1960-2010. Paris: Somogy, 2010.

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Herbold, Hildegard. Racional 40 anos: Um encontro da arte com a tecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: DBA, 2011.

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Paul, Collins. The archives of F.H. Lloyd & Co.: An evaluation. Shropshire: Ironbridge Institute, 1988.

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Susan, Hill. Crown Devon: The history of S. Fielding and Co.. Stratford-upon-Avon: Jazz, 1993.

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Kirst, Marcos. Uma história com sabor. Caxias do Sul, RS: Belas Letras, 2009.

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Gabriella, D'Ina, and Zaccaria Giuseppe 1947-, eds. Caro Bompiani: Lettere con l'editore. Milano: Bompiani, 1988.

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Denari, Neil M. Nīru Dinari intaraputeddo purojekushonzu =: Neil Denari "Interrupted projections" : another global surface, or territorial re-codings on the world sheet. Tōkyō: TOTO Shuppan, 1996.

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Denari, Neil M. Interrupted projections: Another global surface, or territorial re-codings on the world sheet. Tokyo: Toto Shuppan, 1996.

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Benítez, Ebelio Espinola. El comercio de Maracaibo y las actividades de la firma Christern & Co. 1876-1911: Avance del Proyecto de Investigación Los Grupos Económicos en la Sociedad Global Venezolana Siglo XX. Caracas: Universidad Santa María, Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

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Westgren, Randall E., and Larry J. Martin. "The Heterogeneity of Firms: Where Public Policy and Firm Strategy Collide." In Government and the Food Industry: Economic and Political Effects of Conflict and Co-Operation, 399–416. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6221-4_23.

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Théry, Laurent, Pierre Letouzey, and Georges Gonthier. "Coq." In The Seventeen Provers of the World, 28–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11542384_6.

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Inoue, Hiroyasu. "Generative Model: Intertexture of Firm and Inventor." In Co-patenting: An Analytic Tool for Cooperative Research and Development, 103–14. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54807-2_8.

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Maksimović, Petar, and Alan Schmitt. "HOCore in Coq." In Interactive Theorem Proving, 278–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22102-1_19.

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Freire Nistal, José L., José E. Freire Brañas, Antonio Blanco Ferro, and Juan J. Sánchez Penas. "Fusion in Coq." In Computer Aided Systems Theory — EUROCAST 2001, 583–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45654-6_45.

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Strub, Pierre-Yves. "Coq Modulo Theory." In Computer Science Logic, 529–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15205-4_40.

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Horvath, Rita, and Anne Lombès. "Riboflavin and CoQ Disorders." In Physician's Guide to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 233–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40337-8_16.

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Honsell, Furio, and Ivan Scagnetto. "Mobility Types in Coq." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 324–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24849-1_21.

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Tesson, Julien, Hideki Hashimoto, Zhenjiang Hu, Frédéric Loulergue, and Masato Takeichi. "Program Calculation in Coq." In Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, 163–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17796-5_10.

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Sozeau, Matthieu, and Nicolas Tabareau. "Universe Polymorphism in Coq." In Interactive Theorem Proving, 499–514. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08970-6_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

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Kennedy, Andrew, Nick Benton, Jonas B. Jensen, and Pierre-Evariste Dagand. "Coq." In the 15th Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505879.2505897.

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Pinho Filho, Tércio. "GOVERNING COLLABORATION IN MULTI-FIRM ENVIRONMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE JOHAN SVERDRUP 1 MEGAPROJECT." In 10th IPMA Research conference: Value co-creation in the project society. International Project Management Association, Serbian Project Management Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56889/urcn5690.

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Megaproject clients seek collaboration with suppliers to improve performance and foster innovative thinking. However, it is difficult to coordinate dozens of main contracts with interdependent activities being performed simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to identify initiatives that clients can take to improve collaborative coordination with the supply chain, beyond more traditional approaches like early engagement and flexible contracts. The findings are based on 24 interviews with managers and engineers involved in Johan Sverdrup 1, an offshore oil and gas megaproject in Norway. Four strategic processes were identified: quality of Front-End Engineering Design; familiarization periods for seamless handover from design to execution; interface management routines and collaborative follow-up.
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Lenglet, Sergueï, and Alan Schmitt. "HOπ in Coq." In CPP '18: Certified Proofs and Programs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3167083.

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Lenglet, Sergueï, and Alan Schmitt. "HOπ in Coq." In the 7th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3176245.3167083.

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Verbruggen, Wendy, Edsko de Vries, and Arthur Hughes. "Polytypic programming in COQ." In the ACM SIGPLAN workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1411318.1411326.

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Celik, Ahmet, Karl Palmskog, Marinela Parovic, Emilio Jesus Gallego Arias, and Milos Gligoric. "Mutation Analysis for Coq." In 2019 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase.2019.00057.

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Madlener, Ken, and Sjaak Smetsers. "GSOS Formalized in Coq." In 2013 International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2013.34.

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Silva, Rafael Castro G., Cristiano Vasconcellos, and Karina Girardi Roggia. "Monadic W in Coq." In SBLP '20: 24th Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3427081.3427085.

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Philippe, Jolan, and Frédéric Loulergue. "Parallel programming with Coq." In SAC '19: The 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297280.3299742.

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Shinnar, Avraham, and Barry Trager. "General Probability in Coq." In 2022 52nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w54100.2022.00021.

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Reports on the topic "A. Le Coq (Firm)"

1

Blyde, Juan S., and Mayra A. Ramírez. Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003922.

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Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.
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Wolfe, Michael D. Development of the 'City of Quality (Coq)' Group Decision Support System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226744.

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Zucker, Lynne, and Michael Darby. Defacto and Deeded Intellectual Property: Knowledge-Driven Co-Evolution of Firm Collaboration Boundaries and IPR Strategy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20249.

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Bernard, Andrew, Esther Bøler, and Swati Dhingra. Firm-to-firm Connections in Colombian Imports. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24557.

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Bolton, Patrick, and Marcin Kacperczyk. Firm Commitments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31244.

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Didier, Tatiana, Ross Levine, and Sergio Schmukler. Capital Market Financing, Firm Growth, Firm Size Distribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20336.

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Demidova, Svetlana, and Kala Krishna. Firm Heterogeneity and Firm Behavior with Conditional Policies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12950.

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Haltiwanger, John, Henry Hyatt, Lisa Kahn, and Erika McEntarfer. Cyclical Job Ladders by Firm Size and Firm Wage. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23485.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004746.

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We develop a quantitative theory of prices in firm-to-firm trade with bilateral negotiations and two-sided market power. Markups reflect oligopoly and oligopsony forces, with relative bargaining power as weight. Cost pass-through elasticities into import prices can be incomplete or complete, depending on the exporters and importers bargaining power and market shares. In U.S. import data, we find that U.S. importers have substantial market power and disproportionate leverage in price negotiations. The estimated model produces accurate predictions of the impact of Trump tariffs on pair-level prices. At the aggregate level, ignoring two-sided market power could exaggerate tariff pass-through by about 60 percent.
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