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Kurniasih, Augustina, Muhamad Rustam, Heliantono, and Endri Endri. "Cost of capital and firm value: Evidence from Indonesia." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(4).2022.02.
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Cost and capital structure are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the investments made by a company. This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of the component of cost of capital (COC) and capital structure (CS) on firm value. Pulp & Paper companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) became the research sample for the 2013–2020 period. The research method applied is a moderation regression analysis approach. The empirical findings of the study prove that firm value is not influenced by the cost of debt (COD), while the cost of equity (COE) has a negative effect, and COC is positive. COC is a combination of the use of debt and equity, modeling by adding a CS variable as a moderating variable; this leads to the conclusion that COD and COE have a negative effect on firm value, whereas COC and CS have a positive effect. The finding of the role of CS as a moderating variable reveals that CS is a quasi-moderator variable and plays a role in increasing.
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Cheshmberah, Mohsen, Yadollah Asgari Savadjani, and Mehdi Karbasian. "Identifying, refining, measuring and analyzing the cost of quality (CoQ) (real case: a manufacturing firm)." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, no. 6S (December 31, 2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2019/v11i6/191106103.
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Doo, Seoyoung, and Sung－Soo Yoon. "Explanations for Non－compliance with Key Corporate Governance Indicators and Firm Value." Korean Accounting Information Association 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiaair.41.3.3.
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[Purpose] The Comply or Explain (CoE) approach, a core principle of the Corporate Governance Code, encourages an improvement in corporate governance by affording each firm the discretion to choose an appropriate governance structure and by allowing capital market participants to assess the firm’s governance choice. In order to investigate whether the corporate governance disclosure system works in accordance with the spirit of the CoE approach, this study analyzes the relationship between disclosure of the status of compliance with the key indicators of corporate governance and firm value.
[Methodology] Using a sample of listed firms that disclosed corporate governance reports from 2019 to 2021, we perform regression analysis to examine the relationship between the disclosure of compliance or explanations for non－compliance with key corporate governance indicators and firm value. Additionally, we analyze the content of the explanations for noncompliance.
[Findings] We find that compliance with key indicators has a positive relationship with firm value, while explanations for non－compliance do not exhibit a significant relationship with firm value. We also find that the majority of non－compliers state only the fact that they do not comply with the key indicators or provide general explanations exemplified in guidelines and best practices for their non－compliance.
[Implications] The mandatory disclosure system for corporate governance reports, under the CoE approach, is intended to enhance transparency and the long－term value of the firm through effective disclosure of corporate governance and will apply to all listed firms in 2026. We find that the explanations provided by non－compliers are neither specific nor significantly related to firm value. These findings suggest the need for a discussion on ways to enhance the understanding of the essence of the CoE principles, particularly the Explanation (E) element, among both firms and information users and to improve the quality of corporate disclosures.
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Ou, Xu, and Haiwei Jiang. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pulp and Paper Industry in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042982.
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In areas with serious pollution problems, the government designates a special emission limit (SEL) for pollution control and environmental protection in China. This paper examines the effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) SEL on firms’ production activity and market performance in the pulp and paper industry in the Lake Tai area in China. Using firm-level data, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that SEL has a negative impact on the production scale, profitability, and market size of the regulated firms, while showing no significant impact on firm exports. The heterogeneity tests suggest that the impact of SEL on production and market performance varies with firm ownership, firm size, and target market. The reallocation effect of production shifts extra production from exited firms to existing firms, which explains the expansion of production scale and market size for SOEs and large-sized regulated firms. Compared with the decline of production scale, the inventory alleviation effect reduces the negative impact of stricter environmental regulation on firm performance.
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Khan, Muhammad Hamza, and Muhammad Rizwan. "The Impact of Stock Price Crash Risk on the Cost of Capital: Empirical Study from China." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei30221034.
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This study analysed the effect of Sock Price Crash Risk (SPCR) on the cost of capital in Chinese listed firms in the Shenzhen stock exchange and the shanghai Stock Exchange. A sample of 290 firms based on the highest value of assets of each firm was used. The cost of capital consists of two factors; the cost of equity (COE) and the cost of debt (COD). The SPCR is measured by using two statistics, one is NCSKEW means the negative coefficient of skewness of the firm-specific weekly returns and the second is DUVOL that means Down to-Up Volatility used to measure the crash likelihood weekly return of firm-specific and used the Modified PEG ratio model of Eston approach to measuring the cost of equity. We used panel data to run the regression model analyses. SPCR was found to have a significantly positive relationship with the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also, the sample was divided into the State-Owned enterprise (SOEs) and Non-State-Owned enterprises (NSOEs) for comparison. The results show that the impact of SPCR on the COE and COD is stronger in SOEs than NSOEs. The regulators need to improve and strengthen the development of laws and regulations related to company information disclosure, to reduce the cost of capital of listed companies and improve the efficiency of financing the Chinese capital market. Companies need to work together to strengthen internal controls, create a good disclosure environment, and prevent the SPCR.
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Lamichhane, Pitambar. "Firm Fundamentals and Cost of Capital of Non-financial Firms in Nepal." Management Dynamics 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/md.v24i2.50038.
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This paper examines the impact of firm fundamentals on the cost of capital (COC) of non-financial firms in Nepal for the period 2004/05-2017/18. This study has applied a causal-comparative research design to investigate the effect of firm fundamentals on COC. COC is the weighted average cost of capital of debt and share capital and is used as a dependent variable and bank-related fundamental variables such as growth rate of net sales, growth rate of assets, leverage ratio as debt to capital, dividend payout ratio, earning variability, assets tangibility and liquidity ratio are explanatory variables of this study. Estimated results show that liquidity, earnings variability, dividend payout and leverage ratio are key factors influencing COC in Nepalese non-financial firms. The estimated regression results of this paper reveal that COC is positively affected by dividend payout and inversely influenced by leverage, earning variability, and liquidity. This paper concludes that Nepalese non-financial firms with less dividend distribution using high financial leverage with a strong liquidity position and higher-earning variability can minimize the cost of capital. Nepalese firms should pay more dividends to use cheaper sources of debt and increase liquidity position and financial leverage to minimize the average cost of capital. Policymakers can use the results of this study to formulate and implement policies about firm fundamentals, cost of capital and business activities.
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Chang, Yu-Tzu, and Dan N. Stone. "Why does decomposed audit proposal readability differ by audit firm size? A Coh-Metrix approach." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 895–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-02-2018-1789.
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Purpose This paper aims to introduce the emerging artificial-intelligence-based readability metrics (Coh-Metrix) to examine the effects of firm size on audit proposal readability. Design/methodology/approach Coh-Metrix readability measures use emerging computation linguistics technology to better assess document readability. These metrics measure co-relations of words, sentences and paragraphs on multi-dimensions rather than adopting the unidimensional “bag of words” approach that examines words in isolation. Using eight Coh-Metrix orthogonal principal component factors, the authors analyze the Chang and Stone (2019) data set comprised of 370 hand-collected audit proposals submitted by audit firms for the US state and local governments’ audit service contracts. Findings Audit firm size has a significant impact on the readability of audit proposals. Specifically, as measured by the traditional readability metric, the proposals from smaller firms are more readable than those submitted by larger firms. Furthermore, decomposed readability metrics indicate that smaller firm proposals evidence stronger (deep) text cohesion, whereas larger firm proposals evidence a stronger narrative structure and higher connectivity (relational indicators) among proposal elements. Unlike the traditional readability metric, however, the emergent readability metrics are uncorrelated with auditor selection. Research limitations/implications Work remains to develop and validate Coh-Metrix measures that are specific to the context of accounting and auditing practice. Future research can use emerging readability measures to examine various textual features (e.g. text cohesion) in finance or accounting related documents. Practical implications The results provide practitioners with insight into the proposal writing strategies and practices of larger and smaller firms. In addition, the results highlight the differing audit firm selection outcomes from traditional and Coh-Metrix readability metrics. Originality/value This study introduces new data and holistic readability measures to the auditing literature.
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Xu, Xiaoshu, Yingying Cheng, and Xuechen Meng. "River Chief System, Emission Abatement, and Firms’ Profits: Evidence from China’s Polluting Firms." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063418.
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This paper studies the firm-level impact of the river chief system (RCS), which is a decentralized policy in China for water protection, by investigating polluting firms’ emission abatement and the net operating profits. We have four main findings. First, on average, the RCS significantly reduced firm-level COD emissions by 3.7 percent, which was mainly caused by the emission abatement of firms in heavily polluting industries, non-state-owned firms, and firms in the eastern provinces. On the other hand, the RCS also significantly increased polluting firms’ profit by 3.1 percent, which was mainly caused by heavily polluting firms. Second, different regions adopted different strategies for pollution abatement, exhibiting a pattern consistent with the “pollution paradise” assumption in the central and western provinces. Third, polluting firms at provincial boundaries did not reduce their COD emissions, while polluting firms in the interior significantly reduced their emissions by 5.6 percent, indicating the strong free-riding incentive of local governments. Fourth, the increase in the profits of heavily polluting industries was mainly caused by the significant increase in market concentration and a possible transfer of the negative shock from the RCS along the production line. All results were also robust for firm-level NH3-N emissions. This paper provides new and insightful implications for policymaking for environmental protection.
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Basuony, Mohamed A. K., Angie Abdel Zaher, Mohammed Bouaddi, and Neveen Noureldin. "Sustainability, corporate governance, and firm performance: Evidence from emerging markets." Corporate Ownership and Control 20, no. 3, special issue (2023): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv20i3siart3.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the influence of sustainability especially the environmental pillar and corporate board diversity on the financial performance in emerging markets. This study examines the effect of sustainability and board composition on firm performance. The sample of this study comprises 1382 firms with a total of 19199 firm-year observations covering a period from 2008 to 2021. These firms are listed in the MSCI emerging markets index representing 24 emerging countries. The results show that the main index of sustainability (ESG index) and other sub-indices (environmental score, emission score and CO2 equivalent emission) of sustainability that are used as measures of climate change have an effect on accounting-based performance (return on assets, ROA) and market-based performance (Tobin’s Q and book-to-market value, BTMV). Also, the results show that age, nationality and education as board diversity components affect the firm performance; however, the female directors on the board did not affect the firm performance.
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Ramzan, M. B., S. M. Qureshi, M. Ullah, M. S. Memon, and M. A. Siddiqui. "Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) and Cost of Quality (COQ) Concepts – A Case from a Developing Country." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss2pp145-155.
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In developed countries, the application of the quality management system (QMS) is widely proven. However, in developing countries, like Pakistan, industries are not mature enough to understand and implement the system. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of quality, implementation of QMS and cost of quality (COQ) program in value-added garment sector, which is one of the major subsectors of textile industry in Pakistan. The methodology of the study is a questionnaire survey. The findings suggest that the majority of the respondent firms have well implemented quality management (QM) practices. Trend of results also depicts that most of the organizations wish to acquire ISO certification, which shows that the industrial processes are customer-centered thus striving to fulfil customer requirements. It can also be concluded that most of the organizations lack the COQ concept, its understanding and appropriate implementation.
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SAHU, SANTOSH K., and DEEPANJALI MEHTA. "DETERMINANTS OF ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSION INTENSITIES: A STUDY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN INDIA." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 02 (March 2018): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817400173.
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This paper investigates determinants of energy and emission intensities of manufacturing firms in India, from 2000 to 2014. Given that Indian manufacturing sector is one of the world’s most polluting sectors in terms of CO2 emissions; we arrive at firm level determinants of energy and carbon dioxide emission intensities from consumption of three primary sources of energy, namely (1) Coal, (2) Natural Gas and (3) Petroleum. The results of the regression analysis suggest that there are inter-firm differences in energy and emission intensity. The results indicate that smaller and larger firms are both energy and emission intensive compared to medium sized firms. Similarly, firms spending more in research and development activities are found to be energy and emission efficient, compare to others. Hence, in the global competitive business environment, Government of India should carefully formulate policies suitable for the medium sized firms to make them energy and emission efficient.
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Atasel, Oğuz Yusuf, Yusuf Güneysu, and Hüseyin Ünal. "Impact of Environmental Information Disclosure on Cost of Equity and Financial Performance in an Emerging Market: Evidence from Turkey." Ekonomika 99, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2020.2.5.
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Financial instability, financial crises, and business frauds cause a loss of society confidence on firms. Similarly, the economic uncertainty increased as a result of the social problems, such as rapid consumption of natural resources, climate change, water scarcity, violation of human rights. For these reasons, the reliability and validity of the reports published by firms have been questioned. Firms make voluntary disclosures, such as environmental, social, sustainability, in order to overcome these problems and gain trust of investors. In this context, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of information disclosure, including environmental disclosures, within the context of sustainability on the cost of equity (COE). At the same time, the study examines the effect of information disclosure on financial performance in terms of firm value and profitability. In doing so, the study employs BIST100 data of non-financial firms from 2010 to 2019, and uses panel regression models for Turkey. As a result, it was found that information disclosure negatively impacts the COE while positively affecting firm value and profitability.
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Al-Matari, Ebrahim Mohammed, Abdullah Kaid Al-Swidi, Faudziah Hanim Fadzil, and Yahya Ali Al-Matari. "The Impact of board characteristics on Firm Performance: Evidence from Nonfinancial Listed Companies in Kuwaiti Stock Exchange." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2012): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v2i2.2384.
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The core aim of this study is to examine the relationship between board characteristics and the firm performance of non-financial listed Kuwaiti firms. To achieve the objectives of the study, the data were collected from a sample of 136 companies for the financial year 2009. Variables such as CEO duality, COE tenure, audit committee size, board size and board composition were considered as predictors of the firm performance that was measured employing the return on assets (ROA). By contrast, the effects of CEO tenure and leverage on firm performance were found to be negative and significant at the chosen level of significance. To test the hypotheses of the study, multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 was utilized. Using the firm size and leverage as a control variable, the findings of the study support the positive effects of CEO duality and audit committee size on ROA. Other findings of the study were discussed in the discussion section and some other future study directions were provided.
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Doran, Justin, and Geraldine Ryan. "Eco-Innovation – does additional engagement lead to additional rewards?" International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 11 (November 4, 2014): 1110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2013-0169.
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Purpose – Eco-innovation is any form of product, process or organisational innovation that contributes towards sustainable development. Firms can eco-innovate in a variety of ways. The purpose of this paper is to identify nine different eco-innovation activities – including such items as reducing material use per unit of output, reducing energy use per unit of output, reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) “footprint” – and the authors ask whether these act as substitutes or complements to one another. Design/methodology/approach – Eco-innovation is any form of product, process or organisational innovation that contributes towards sustainable development. Firms can eco-innovate in a variety of ways. In this paper the authors identify nine different eco-innovation activities – including such items as reducing material use per unit of output, reducing energy use per unit of output, reducing CO2 “footprint” – and the authors ask whether these act as substitutes or complements to one another. Findings – Introducing only one eco-innovation activity has little payoff (in terms of turnover per worker) with only those firms who reduce their CO2 “footprint” having higher levels of turnover per worker. When introducing more than one eco-innovation activity the authors find that certain eco-innovation activities complement one another (e.g. reducing material use within the firm at the same time as improving the ability to recycle the product after use) others act as substitutes (e.g. reducing material use within the firm at the same time as recycling waste, water or materials within the firm). Practical implications – The results suggest that firms can maximise their productive capacity by considering specific combinations of eco-innovation. This suggests that firms should plan to introduce eco-innovation which act as complements, thereby, boosting productivity. It also suggests that eco-innovation stimuli, introduced by policy makers, should be targeted at complementary eco-innovations. Originality/value – The paper analyses whether eco-innovations act as complements or substitutes. While a number of studies have analysed the importance of eco-innovation for firm performance, few have assessed the extent to which diverse types of eco-innovation interact with each other to complement or substitute for one another.
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Hindersmann, Jost. "Nordic noir vs. spies in the cold: The reception of Scandinavian TV and film adaptations in Germany." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00004_1.
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Scandinavian crime novels and their adaptations as TV dramas and films, commonly known as Nordic noir, are very popular in Germany. Nordic noir often has a political content and when spies appear, they are usually portrayed negatively. Scandinavian spy novels and their adaptations, on the other hand – with the exception of Guillou’s Coq Rouge series – never reached wide audiences in Germany.
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Desai, Rajesh, and Avani Raval. "EXAMINING THE RELATION BETWEEN MARKET VALUE AND CO2 EMISSION: STUDY OF INDIAN FIRMS." Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting 11, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/cjfa.2022.011.
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In the present era, sustainable business practices have become an important metric for measuring the organisational effectiveness. Shareholders have added sustainability as an important dimension of firms’ performance and consider it as value relevant for determining the market value of any company. Given the premises, present study examines the impact of CO2 emission on the market value of the firm (measured by market-to-book value ratio and Tobin’s Q ratio) in the context of a developing country. Current study is based on panel data of 230 firm-year observations collected from the annual report of Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and annual report of sample companies. Using panel least square regression analysis, the findings indicate significant adverse impact of CO2 emission on the firm value. In other words, shareholders assign negative value to higher discharge of carbon dioxide and reflect the same by lowering the market value of shares. Further, the results are checked for robustness using generalised method of moments (GMM) and the conclusions are found coinciding. Present findings have important implications for regulatory authorities, policy makers, and practicing managers.
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Goldar, Bishwanath, Yashobanta Parida, and Deepika Sehdev. "Reduction in Carbon Emissions Intensity and Impact on Export Competitiveness: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 08, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993317500120.
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India’s organized manufacturing sector experienced a 11% fall in its carbon di oxide (CO2) emissions intensity during 2009–2012, while a majority of the manufacturing plants achieved over a 30% fall during the corresponding period. How did such a reduction in CO2 emissions intensity affect the export competitiveness of Indian manufacturing firms? Using firm-level data for 2009–2013, this paper attempts to empirically answer that question. It is found that large firms and capital intensive firms have achieved a relatively faster decline in CO2 emissions intensity and that containment of CO2 emissions in manufacturing firms did not cause any major loss in their export competitiveness. Rather, it is found to be positively associated with increases in exports.
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Houqe, Muhammad Nurul, Kamran Ahmed, and Grant Richardson. "The Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance Factors on Firms’ Cost of Debt: International Evidence." International Journal of Accounting 55, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1094406020500146.
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This study examines the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on firms’ cost of debt (COD). Based on a sample of 18,950 firm-year observations from 41 countries over the period of 2008–2015, we find a significant negative association between aggregate ESG performance and firms’ COD. We also observe a significant negative association between the individual ESG performance factors (E, S, and G) and firms’ COD. In addition, the negative association between aggregate/individual ESG performance and firms’ COD is economically significant, ranging from 16.93% to 21.20% of median COD values. Finally, disclosure of ESG performance, stakeholder orientation, investor protection, control of corruption, and social progress have pronounced effects on the negative association between ESG performance and firms’ COD. Taken together, our results suggest that ESG performance has a significant negative effect on firms’ COD from an international perspective.
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Bhandari, Varun, and Ashima Arora. "Influence of Shareholders’ Activism and Firm-level Variables on the Corporate Governance Quality in India." Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 9, no. 2 (December 2016): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974686216666454.
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Corporate governance (CG) gained widespread prominence as a medium for boosting corporate performance especially after the financial crisis of 2008. With limited empirical work on factors influencing the CG quality (CGQ), this article focuses on the construction of the CG Index (CGI) by considering a total of 64 attributes encapsulated in five sub-indices followed by the investigation of effect of shareholder activism and firm-level variables on it. The estimations are based on companies listed in S&P CNX NIFTY Index from the financial year 2008–2013. The examination of results relays that both shareholder activism and firm-level variables have a significant impact on the CGQ of the firms. The significant impact of Disclosure and Board Index on the performance of firms emphasised the importance of disclosure norms in driving the performance by improving investor perceptions through higher transparency. And active board contributes in dispelling agency and managerial issues assisting in improving firm’s value. Our findings imply that shareholder activism and firm-level variables help in bolstering the quality of CG. Large concentrated holdings limit the power in few hands that deter the use of effective shareholder activism and thus should be reduced to enhance the quality of governance. The policymakers and regulators are needed to pressurise institutional investors for active participation in the companies’ routine decisions to increase vigilance regarding CG issues.
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Constantia, Melisa. "Detertminants of CO2 Emission Intensity: Manufacturing Firm-Level Evidence in Indonesia." Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v6i3.296.
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The Indonesian economy has improved with the manufacturing sector as its primary growth driver. However, along with this development, the country inevitably faces environmental issues such as increased carbon emissions. Based on the firm-level dataset from the Indonesian large and medium manufacturing sector, this paper investigates the main factors related to the CO2 emission intensity of manufacturing firms. The emission carbon data is obtained by calculating the fuel consumption of plants converted into carbon dioxide emissions using emission factors. The result shows that the trend of carbon emission had increased, but the carbon emission intensity had improved. Performing panel data framework, this study uses OLS, 2SLS, and fixed effect model in analyzing the determinants of CO2 intensity. The result of the FE regression suggests that larger firms are emission efficient compared to small-sized firms. Similarly, capital- and labor-intensive firms are less carbon-intensive. Furthermore, firms that spend more on maintenance have emitted more, perhaps due to the adoption of high maintenance equipment by emission-intensive firms requiring more expenses.
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Frederica, Diana. "THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET AND COST OF EQUITY TOWARD FIRM VALUE MODERATED BY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE." International Journal of Contemporary Accounting 1, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ijca.v1i1.5181.
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<p>The aims of this study are to analyze whether the Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) that measured by Market to Book Value of Equity (MBVE) and the Cost of Equity (CoE) that measured by Ohlson (1995) influences Firm Value that proxied by Price Book Value (PBV), whether IT Governance can moderate the influence of IOS and CoE on Firm Value. The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling method with the type of banking industry listed on the IDX in 2011-2016. The total observation is 188 which consists of 39 companies. Data is processed using the Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) with the SPSS program. The results are that Investment Opportunity Set has a positive influence on Firm Value, Cost of Equity has a negative influence on Firm Value, IT Governance weakens the influence of IOS on Firm Value, and IT Governance does not moderate the CoE of Firm Value.</p>
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Ibrahim, Mohammed, Habib Abdulkarim, Jamila Muktar, Zakariya'u Gurama, and Zachariah Peter. "The Impact of Cost of Capital on Financial Performance: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria." Global Business Management Review (GBMR) 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2021.13.2.2.
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This study examines whether Cost of Capital (COC) impact on the financial performance of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria for the period 2015-2019. Using two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), the study found a significant and negative impact of COC on financial performance of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. This is because profitable firms have the opportunity to finance new investments with retained earnings rather than through a new debt and/or equity issuance. Also, raising the debt level of a firm may result in an increase in distress costs, and as such reduces benefits from the tax shield which consequently result in decline in the value of the firm. Thus, the finding of this study is in line with the pecking order theory of capital structure. The findings, which add to the existing knowledge with regard to the impact of COC on financial performance, should be interesting to the providers of finance. This is because the study helps them to make the decision whether or not to invest in these firms. Since they want their money to be invested where there will be maximum return. However, this result only hold for emerging economies like Nigeria where analyst cash flow forecast is difficult to predict. This is due to the underdeveloped nature of the capital market.
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Murty, M. N., and Surender Kumar. "Measuring the cost of environmentally sustainable industrial development in India: a distance function approach." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 3 (July 2002): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x02000281.
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This paper attempts to estimate the maintenance cost of water pollution abatement measures to the Indian industry using the methodology of distance function in the theory of production. The distance function is estimated using both programming and stochastic frontier models for a sample of water polluting industries in India. The firm-specific shadow prices for pollutants, measures of efficiency, and scale economies are estimated. Estimates show that on average the cost to the Indian industry for reducing one ton of BOD and COD are respectively, Rs 0.246 and 0.077 million. Large differences in the estimates of firm-specific shadow prices of pollutants reflect the use of inefficient water pollution abatement technologies. The relationships between firm-specific shadow prices or marginal costs of abatement of BOD and COD and the index of compliance (ratio of effluent load to sale value) and the pollution load reductions obtained confirm the earlier empirical results of studies on water pollution abatement in Indian industries. The earlier studies have found increasing marginal costs with respect to reductions in pollution concentrations and decreasing marginal cost with respect to the pollution loads reduced by the firms.
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Han, Joohee, Juil Lee, and Sang-Joon Kim. "How Does Family Involvement Affect Environmental Innovation? A Socioemotional Wealth Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 13114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313114.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how family involvement affects the environmental innovation of firms. While prior studies have shown that family involvement can enhance environmental performance, these environmental performances have been portrayed as firm activities to prevent environmental issues, such as air pollution, CO2 emissions, etc. We maintain that environmental performance should be more proactive and enable firms to transform their activities more fundamentally towards environmental protection. In this sense, we consider environmental innovation, i.e., technological development to address environmental issues, as a proactive measure enacting firm activities to address environmental issues. Furthermore, we determine whether and how family involvement can motivate firms to develop technologies for environmental performance. To illuminate this relation, we utilized a socioemotional wealth perspective, which provides useful insights into how family-controlled firms behave differently in comparison to non-family firms. Building on this socioemotional wealth approach, we suggest that family involvement helps firms engage in environmental innovation. In this study, we also explore how the positive link between family involvement and environmental innovation is dependent on family interlocks—the circumstance wherein a firm’s family directors are affiliated with the boards of directors of other firms. Specifically, we suggest that an increase in a firm’s family interlocks would strengthen the positive relationship between family involvement and environmental innovation. To test our ideas, we used a sample of 623 US public firms ranging from 1996 to 2010, which yielded 5047 firm-year observations. We find that family involvement facilitates the environmental innovation of firms. We also find that family interlocks intensify the positive effect of family involvement on environmental innovation. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of our results.
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Etim, Etim Osim, Peter Samuel Ubi, Nseabasi Imoh Etukafia, and Raymond Ekwere Enang. "EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA." JOURNAL OF APPLIED FINANCIAL ECONOMETRICS 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jafe.2022.v03i01.01.
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This study was conducted to examine the implication of financial leverage on performance of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. This is premeditated on the fact that debt capital is usually acquired by firm to finance assets with the expectation the returns from such investments will exceed the costs of the debt capital used. Often, this is always not the case either because of inappropriate management strategies or other reasons. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted involving use of panel secondary data as published by eight(8) oil and gas companies selected from the population of twelve(12) firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for the period 2006-2020. Descriptive and multiple linear regression statistics were used to analyze data collected. The dependent variable was return on Assets (ROA), proxy for financial performance and independent variables being financial leverage decomposed into Debt Ratio (DR), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), Long-term Debt Ratio (LTDR) and Cost of Debt (COD,) Results Shows DR, LTDR and COD had negative and significant implications on ROA, while DER also had negative but insignificant implications on ROA of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Hence, it was concluded that during the period of the study, leverage had negative and significant implications on financial performance of oil and gas firm in Nigeria. It was recommended that oil and gas firm should minimize debt capital usage in their financial structure to shore-up returns.
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Karnoukhova, Elena, and Anastasia Stepanova. "Does Smart & Powerful CEO Contribute to the Performance of Technology Companies?" Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.13.4.2019.39-58.
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In recent decades, innovative companies became one of the major drivers of economy worldwide. According to surveys, nearly 70% of the world’s most innovative companies in 2019 are U.S. firms. However, academic studies mostly focused on the influence of the top management team and the board of director’s on the firm performance, on the relationship between innovations and CEO`s preferences. However, we suppose CEO can exert a significant influence on performance of innovative companies. We strive to show which CEO characteristics could lead to higher firm value. Does highly educated CEO contribute more to innovations in hi-tech sphere? Does CEO power matter? Are founders better CEOs than newcomers or professionals for technological companies with their longer horizons and higher risks? This research uses Generalized Least Square model on a sample of 12565 firm-year observations during 2004-2015 period. For this research we used data for three innovative industries: Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Software & Services and Technology Hardware & Equipment industries. We have hand-collected data from the CVs in CIQ database. Overall, the empirical results reveal that educational background, tenure, duality play crucial roles in explaining firm value. This study contributes to the existing literature in two aspects. First, our findings indicate that CEO characteristics play crucial roles in explaining technology firm value and performance. We demonstrated that founding CEO contributes to technology firm performance as well as the CEO with better education. Second, CEOs should be smart and powerful in order to sustain firm performance. We found that CEOs characteristics could mitigate the conflicts between different types of investors and their influence on firm performance. More specifically, CEOfounder was found to add greatly to the firm performance of Software and Pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, the influence of CEO seems to mitigate the conflict of interest with independent active institutional investors in Hardware industry. We provided examples to prove the validity of our tests.
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Alex Scott. "Protein-from-CO2 firm raises funds." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 10 (March 22, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09910-buscon2.
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Rouquet, Karine. "David Lynch." Revista Estado da Arte 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/eda-v2-n1-2021-59834.
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Ce petit film, au-delà de l’héritage revendiqué du surréalisme, utilise des procédés comiques et fantastiques hybrides (création d’une chimère, narration disruptive, dialogues abusant du coq-à-l’âne et tournant à la fatrasie) qui relèvent de l’inversion carnavalesque décrite par Michaël Bakhtine et plus particulièrement de la Sottie, pièce satyrique en vers que l’on représentait au moment du carnaval. La référence aux Absurda de Érasme en serait la preuve. Dans cette parade bouffonne, David Lynch en Maître-Sot ou Maître es Folie s’amuse à court-circuiter les codes du film noir de la narration, comme de as propre filmographie, créant une esthétique turbulente propre à défier la plateforme disruptive sur laquelle il fait son entrée.
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Hamdouni, Amina. "Ownership, board structure, and corporate performance: Evidence of French VC-backed firms." Corporate Board role duties and composition 6, no. 3 (2010): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv6i3art1.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ownership structure and board structure on performance in VC-backed firms. Using 106 French VC-backed firms, our methodology in this paper is to estimate four equations. A regression analysis is then used to study the impact of ownership structure and board structure on performance and also to analyze whether ownership structure (ownership concentration, director ownership, venture capital ownership and employee ownership) and board variables (size, outside directors, COE-chairman duality, proportion of VC directors, proportion of employee directors and board meeting frequency) are significant determinants of VC-backed firm performance. Results indicate a strong positive relation between ownership concentration and performance and between director ownership and performance measured by ROE. And strong negative relation between ownership concentration and performance and between director ownership and performance measured by ROA. No strong relation was found between venture-capital ownership, employee ownership and firm performance. Results show also a strong negative relation between board size and performance measured by ROE and positive relation between board size and performance measured by ROA, Tobin’s Q and MVA. The proportion of independent outside directors on the board was positively associated with ROE and negatively associated with ROA. The presence of a dual leadership structure is negatively associated with ROE and positively associated with ROA. No strong relation was found between the proportion of venture-capital in board, the presence of employee in board, or board meeting frequency and firm performance.
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Hendra Titisari, Kartika, M. Moeljadi, Kusuma Ratnawati, and Nur Khusniyah Indrawati. "The roles of cost of capital, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility in improving firm value: evidence from Indonesia." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.03.
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Corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are important subjects for corporate sustainability that affect firm value (FV). At the same time research results in several countries provide diverse empirical evidence. This study analyzes the impact of corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm value (FV) through the cost of capital (CoC) in public companies of Indonesia. The research sample includes 27 companies that publish sustainability reports and corporate governance reports, with an observation period from 2010 till 2016. This study presents the analysis of three firm value proxies (Tobin’s q (TQ), Price Earnings Ratio (PER), and Price to Book Value (PBV)). Results of hypotheses testing using Partial Least Squares (PLS) show that CG and CSR have both direct and indirect effects on FV. These findings are consistent for all three firm value assessments. According to direct testing, CG has a negative effect on FV, while CSR has a positive effect. The CoC acts as a mediating variable in this relationship. The CG and CSR have a negative effect on CoC, while CoC has a negative effect on FV. The findings show that CG and CSR can improve the company performance and corporate image internally and externally, thereby increasing the investors` confidence, and companies have the opportunity to obtain inexpensive funding sources that can reduce CoC. A decrease in CoC can increase profitability and have an impact on FV increasing.
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KUNISCH, Sven. "DOES HEADQUARTER STRUCTURE FOLLOW CORPORATE STRATEGY? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGES IN THE SIZE OF CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 18, no. 3 (June 16, 2017): 390–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2017.1295277.
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Despite the importance that scholars and practicing managers attribute to the organizational design of the corporate headquarters (CHQ), research on changes in CHQ size is lacking. In an attempt to empirically explore the antecedents and potential consequences of such changes, I draw on the contingency and organizational-adaptation perspectives to develop a set of hypotheses for the relationships between corporate-level strategic change (CSC) – defined as changes in the firm’s business portfolio –, changes in the size of the CHQ and firm performance. To test the hypotheses, I analyse data from a comprehensive survey of large public firms in Europe and the US, and data from public sources pertaining to the surveyed firms. While the empirical results lend support to the hypothesized role of CSC, they also reveal differences between related CSC and unrelated CSC. However, I find no support for the expected performance implications. The study contributes to research on the CHQ, corporate-level strategic change, and the relationship between strategy and structure in the contemporary corporation. The findings also inform corporate managers and those involved in advising firms, such as strategy consultants.
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FROMONT, Emmanuelle, Le Hoa VO Le Hoa VO, and Gulliver LUX. "Investors’ valuation of corporate CO2 emissions: the impact of the COVID-19 crisis." Bankers, Markets & Investors 1, no. 172-173 (April 1, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/bmi.172.0015.
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This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the valuation of CO2 emissions by investors. Using the sample constituted by large French companies (SBF 120) having published their carbon emissions from 2016 to 2021, we show that investors are sensitive to firms’ carbon emissions and value them negatively over the period regardless the environmental sensitivity of the firm’s activity sector. We also demonstrate that under the pressure of the COVID-19 crisis, investors penalize more heavily high polluting firms while their valuation of low polluting firms does not seem to be impacted by the crisis. Therefore, our findings suggest that it is important for firms, especially high-emitting firms, to continue to reduce their carbon emissions in order to earn andmaintain investors’ confidence after the crisis. Our managerial contribution emphasizes the confirmation that the COVID-19 shock could be a good opportunity for both firm and investor to pursue their clean technologies development and investment to deal with climate change.
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Lyubich, Eva, Joseph S. Shapiro, and Reed Walker. "Regulating Mismeasured Pollution: Implications of Firm Heterogeneity for Environmental Policy." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181089.
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This paper provides the first estimates of within-industry heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity for the entire US manufacturing sector. We measure energy and CO2 productivity as output per dollar energy input or per ton CO2 emitted. Three findings emerge. First, within narrowly defined industries, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity across plants is enormous. Second, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity exceeds heterogeneity in most other productivity measures, like labor or total factor productivity. Third, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity has important implications for environmental policies targeting industries rather than plants, including technology standards and carbon border adjustments.
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Bogaard, JM, HF Busch, HR Scholte, H. Stam, and A. Versprille. "Exercise responses in patients with an enzyme deficiency in the mitochondrial respiratory chain." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01050445.
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Responses to exercise were obtained in six patients with a biochemically diagnosed enzyme deficiency at the level of NADH-CoQ reductase. The responses were compared with those of a control group, consisting of fourteen patients with inexplicable dyspnoea or muscle pain during exercise, for which no firm diagnosis could be established and of which the exercise responses were in the normal range. Metabolic, ventilatory and cardiological variables such as oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), heart rate (HR) and difference in blood lactate or base-excess (BE) between rest and maximal workload were measured during cycle ergometry from samples obtained in the last minutes of four minute periods, in which the load increased stepwise by 30 W per four minutes. The threshold of lactate metabolism (Tlact) was assumed to be equal to the threshold determined both by the VO2 at which the VE versus VO2 response started to deviate from a straight line and the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) showed a minimum (Tvent), Tvent was estimated from the mean of these values, obtained by linear and parabolic regression analysis respectively. In the patient group, mean values for symptom limited maximal VO2 (VO2,max,sl; % of VO2,max,ref), Tvent (% of VO2,max,ref) and R at maximal workload were 43, 17 and 1.23 against 85, 47 and 1.06 for the same variables in the control group, respectively. The differences were highly significant (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.005 for mean R difference). Mean maximal HR and mean change in blood lactate or BE were not significantly different in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sozeau, Matthieu, Simon Boulier, Yannick Forster, Nicolas Tabareau, and Théo Winterhalter. "Coq Coq correct! verification of type checking and erasure for Coq, in Coq." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 4, POPL (January 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371076.
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Srivastava, Varnita, Niladri Das, and Jamini Kanta Pattanayak. "Women on boards in India: a need or tokenism?" Management Decision 56, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2017-0690.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of gender diversity on corporate boards in India in the light of recent regulatory reform introduced in the Companies’ Act, 2013 which mandated the presence of at least one woman on the corporate boards of all the listed firms. Design/methodology/approach Based on a panel of 300 firm-year observations for 15 years from 2001 to 2015, regression analysis has been conducted to analyze the relation between gender-related variables of corporate boards with firm-specific financial characteristic, cost of equity (COE) and return on assets (ROA) of firms listed in CNX Nifty, a major financial market index of India. Findings The analysis indicates that boards with gender diversity explain a slightly more than 5.5 percent change in a firm’s COE and have a much higher impact of 45 percent on a firm’s ROA. The presence of female directors on the boards and their independence have a negative association with the COE, whereas the level of involvement of female directors on different committees has a positive association with the ROA. Practical implications The findings may help theorists in defining the right mix of female on the corporate boards in an emerging economy. Also, by taking input from the findings, regulators and industry can formulate policies to foster gender diversity on corporate boards in India. Originality/value This study considers the recent regulatory norm introduced in India. This issue has still not been discussed and analyzed by researchers in India. It attempts to explain the impact a gender diverse board can make on a firm’s performance. It also makes valuable recommendations to improve the norms intended to more effectively foster gender diversity on corporate boards in India.
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Briano-Turrent, Guadalupe C., Karen Watkins-Fassler, and Martha L. Puente-Esparza. "The Effect of the Board Composition on Dividends: The Case of Brazilian and Chilean Family Firms." European Journal of Family Business 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i2.10177.
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Based on the agency theory, this paper analyzes whether family firms pay more dividends compared to no-family firms and identifies whether the board composition affects the dividend policy. Brazil and Chile have established mandatory dividends, retain lower cash holdings, pay higher dividends compared with other markets in the region. The sample of study is composed by 853 observations from 49 Brazilian and 32 Chilean top publicly listed firms in terms of market capitalization over the 11-year period from 2004 to 2014. Using an unbalanced panel data, results indicate that family controlled firms distribute more dividends and board composition namely; board size and the proportion of women on the board have a significant and positive impact on the dividend policy of the firm. By contrast, COB-CEO duality has a negative effect. Thus, dividend policy constitutes an effective corporate governance mechanism in mitigating the family’ expropriation of minority shareholders’ wealth.
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Deng, Fei, and Hedley Smyth. "Nature of Firm Performance in Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 140, no. 2 (February 2014): 04013040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000778.
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Awad, Agape M., Michelle C. Bradley, Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Hui S. Tsui, and Catherine F. Clarke. "Coenzyme Q10 deficiencies: pathways in yeast and humans." Essays in Biochemistry 62, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170106.
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Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or CoQ) is an essential lipid that plays a role in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport and serves as an important antioxidant. In human and yeast cells, CoQ synthesis derives from aromatic ring precursors and the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq mutants provide a powerful model for our understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. This review focusses on the biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and the relevance of this model to CoQ biosynthesis in human cells. The COQ1–COQ11 yeast genes are required for efficient biosynthesis of yeast CoQ. Expression of human homologs of yeast COQ1–COQ10 genes restore CoQ biosynthesis in the corresponding yeast coq mutants, indicating profound functional conservation. Thus, yeast provides a simple yet effective model to investigate and define the function and possible pathology of human COQ (yeast or human gene involved in CoQ biosynthesis) gene polymorphisms and mutations. Biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and human cells depends on high molecular mass multisubunit complexes consisting of several of the COQ gene products, as well as CoQ itself and CoQ intermediates. The CoQ synthome in yeast or Complex Q in human cells, is essential for de novo biosynthesis of CoQ. Although some human CoQ deficiencies respond to dietary supplementation with CoQ, in general the uptake and assimilation of this very hydrophobic lipid is inefficient. Simple natural products may serve as alternate ring precursors in CoQ biosynthesis in both yeast and human cells, and these compounds may act to enhance biosynthesis of CoQ or may bypass certain deficient steps in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway.
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Puteri, Tasya Kemala, and Wahdan Arum Inawati. "Carbon Emission Disclosure in the Energy Sector: Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance." Jurnal Akuntansi 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jam.v15i2.6945.
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When non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas are burned, extra carbon gas (CO2) is released into the environment. The corporation releases a statement regarding carbon emission disclosure, which is a part of carbon accounting and involves evaluating and lowering carbon emissions from each manufacturing activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the simultaneous and partial effects of the environmental management systems, environmental performance, leverage, and firm age control variables on carbon emission disclosure in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021. Data analysis using panel data regression with the energy sector research population listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 to 2021. There were 10 research sample companies, with 2 companies being outliers, so that 40 samples were obtained with purposive sampling techniques. The test results show that environmental management systems, environmental performance, as well as leverage control variables and firm age have a simultaneous impact. Environmental management system with variable control leverage and firm age have partial positive impact and environmental performance with variable control leverage and firm age has no impact. This research is expected to help company management and investors in making decisions to invest in the energy sector. Keywords: Environmental Management System, Environmental Performance, Carbon Emission Disclosure
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Paredes-Fuentes, Abraham J., Raquel Montero, Anna Codina, Cristina Jou, Guerau Fernández, Joan Maynou, Carlos Santos-Ocaña, et al. "Coenzyme Q10 Treatment Monitoring in Different Human Biological Samples." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100979.
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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) treatment monitoring is a matter of debate since CoQ distribution from plasma to blood cells and tissues is not fully understood. We aimed to analyze the CoQ levels in a wide set of human biological samples (plasma, blood mononuclear cells (BMCs), platelets, urinary cells, and skeletal muscle) from a group of 11 healthy male runners before and after CoQ supplementation. The CoQ content in the different samples was analyzed by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection. No significant differences were observed in the CoQ levels measured in the BMCs, platelets, and urine after the one-month treatment period. Plasma CoQ (expressed in absolute values and values relative to total cholesterol) significantly increased after CoQ supplementation (p = 0.003 in both cases), and the increase in CoQ in muscle approached significance (p = 0.074). CoQ levels were increased in the plasma of all supplemented subjects, and muscle CoQ levels were increased in 8 out of 10 supplemented subjects. In conclusion, the analysis of CoQ in plasma samples seems to be the best surrogate biomarker for CoQ treatment monitoring. Moreover, oral CoQ administration was effective for increasing muscle CoQ concentrations in most subjects.
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Griffith, John M. "CEO ownership and firm value." Managerial and Decision Economics 20, no. 1 (February 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1468(199902)20:1<1::aid-mde914>3.0.co;2-t.
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Phillips, Barbara Ashley. "Law firm divorce: Yes, there is a better way." Mediation Quarterly 8, no. 1 (September 1990): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900080110.
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Hajawiyah, Ain, Desi Adhariani, and Chaerul Djakman. "The sequential effect of CSR and COE: family ownership moderation." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 7 (October 7, 2019): 939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-09-2017-0179.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the sequential effect of cost of equity capital and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure with family ownership as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study examines samples of manufacturing firm in Indonesia using multiple regression analysis. Findings Firms with high cost of equity capital in previous years have extensive CSR disclosure level. Further, firms with extensive CSR disclosure get benefit of lower cost of equity capital in the following year. Family ownership weakens the effect of previous years cost of equity capital on CSR disclosure. On the other hand, family ownership does not moderate the effect of CSR disclosure on the cost of equity capital. Research limitations/implications This study has limitations in terms of CSR measurement using keywords which may not include overall reporting contents. This study also excludes information in sustainability reports and websites, images and scanned files that may provide additional information about the company’s social and environmental activities. This study is limited in terms of the generalization aspect because it only examines firms in one type of industry in one country over three years’ period. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence on the sequential effect of cost of equity capital and CSR disclosure with family ownership as moderating variable from an emerging market context, which has been rarely explored in the previous research.
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Eliwa, Yasser, Andros Gregoriou, and Audrey Paterson. "Accruals quality and the cost of debt: the European evidence." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 27, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the empirical relationship between the cost of debt (CoD) and accruals quality (AQ) of European listed firms during the period of 2005 to 2014. Also, it aims to test the impact of the interrelationship between the financial crisis (2008-2009) and AQ on CoD. Finally, we decompose AQ into two components; the innate (InnateAQ) and discretionary components (DiscAQ); and test their relationships with CoD. Design/methodology/approach To empirically examine the relationship between AQ and CoD, a sample including 15 member states of the EU is constructed. AQ proxy is based on the McNichols (2002) modification of Dechow and Dichev (2002) model. A univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis are conducted to examine the relationship between AQ and CoD after controlling for firm characteristics and institutional variables. Findings We find a significant negative association between AQ and CoD in a vast proportion of the 15 countries under review. Also, the results indicate that during the crisis period, creditors pay relatively more attention to the quality of accounting information than during the pre-crisis period when they determine CoD of firms. Moreover, we report a link between the magnitude of this relationship and national characteristics and provide evidence of the significant effects of national characteristics and market forces on CoD. Finally, we find that InnateAQ drives the relationship with CoD. Practical implications This paper provides up-to-date evidence on the economic consequences of AQ and IFRS in the capital market. The results should, therefore, be of interest to managers, creditors, regulators and standard-setters. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate the effects of AQ on CoD for European listed firms. Also, it examines the impact of financial crisis on the association between AQ and CoD.
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Subramanian, Kelly, Adam Jochem, Maxence Le Vasseur, Samantha Lewis, Brett R. Paulson, Thiruchelvi R. Reddy, Jason D. Russell, Joshua J. Coon, David J. Pagliarini, and Jodi Nunnari. "Coenzyme Q biosynthetic proteins assemble in a substrate-dependent manner into domains at ER–mitochondria contacts." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 1353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808044.
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Coenzyme Q (CoQ) lipids are ancient electron carriers that, in eukaryotes, function in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In mitochondria, CoQ lipids are built by an inner membrane–associated, multicomponent, biosynthetic pathway via successive steps of isoprenyl tail polymerization, 4-hydroxybenzoate head-to-tail attachment, and head modification, resulting in the production of CoQ. In yeast, we discovered that head-modifying CoQ pathway components selectively colocalize to multiple resolvable domains in vivo, representing supramolecular assemblies. In cells engineered with conditional ON or OFF CoQ pathways, domains were strictly correlated with CoQ production and substrate flux, respectively, indicating that CoQ lipid intermediates are required for domain formation. Mitochondrial CoQ domains were also observed in human cells, underscoring their conserved functional importance. CoQ domains within cells were highly enriched adjacent to ER–mitochondria contact sites. Together, our data suggest that CoQ domains function to facilitate substrate accessibility for processive and efficient CoQ production and distribution in cells.
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Cai, Jiayao, Qiong Chen, and Zirun Zhang. "Balancing Environmental Sustainability and Economic Development: Perspectives from New Structural Economics." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031124.
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This paper explores the balance between environmental sustainability and economic development in the context of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) in China, a region pivotal to the country’s industrial and environmental strategy. Utilizing New Structural Economics and the congruence index, we assessed the alignment between the local factor endowment structure and firm production input structure. Using the dataset of pollutant emissions from manufacturing firms in the YEB and focusing on key variables such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) emissions and wastewater emissions, our findings indicate that firms with higher congruence demonstrate enhanced economic performance and alignment with comparative advantages. This alignment not only improves economic efficiency but also results in significantly reduced pollutant emissions, with a higher congruence index correlating with approximately 6.66% lower COD emissions and 5.39% reduced wastewater emissions per unit of industrial output. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and businesses, showing how alignment with local factor endowments can lead to mutually beneficial environmental and economic outcomes. The study contributes to the broader literature on environmental sustainability and economic development by demonstrating the practical application of New Structural Economics in a critical industrial region of China.
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Gomes I., Nadya Gomes I., Hatane Semuel, and Devie D. "Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Information Asymmetry, Cost of Capital, and Firm Value: Empirical Studies on Indonesian Manufacturers." Petra International Journal of Business Studies 2, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.2.1.27-35.
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Signaling theory suggests that when high-quality entities signal their potentials such as intellectual capital to the market, its participants (e.g., investors) re-evaluate their worth and make informed decisions therefrom. This paper examines the consequences of intellectual capital disclosures with respect to firm value, information asymmetry, and cost of capital. Voluntary intellectual capital disclosure (ICD, measured in index) affects firm value (FV, measured in Tobin’s Q) through reducing both information asymmetry (IA, measured in bid-ask spread) and cost of capital (COC, measured in weighted average cost of capital). 67 Indonesian manufacturers were purposively selected whose financial reports published in Indonesian Stock Exchange official website and Bloomberg provide the data for the research. A research model is estimated to the data through a partial least square analysis. Results provides substantial evidence on the positive effect of ICD on FV and negative effect on IA; negative effect of IA on FV; negative effect of COC on FV; and positive effect of IA on COC. On a separate analysis, IA is shown to significantly mediate the relationship between ICD and FV.
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Ilić, Dragan, and Janick Christian Mollet. "Voluntary corporate climate initiatives and regulatory threat." International Economics and Economic Policy 19, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-021-00519-0.
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AbstractDoes participation in voluntary environmental initiatives affect firm value? We take a closer look at the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and the Climate Leaders (CL), two US initiatives to curb carbon emissions that were operating during a decisive regulatory event. In 2009 the Waxman-Markey Bill surprisingly passed the House of Representatives and brought the US economy a big step closer to a nationwide CO2 emission trading system. With an event study we assess how the stock market valued membership in the initiatives when the likelihood of CO2 regulation unexpectedly increased. Our findings suggest that only membership in the market-based CCX was considered beneficial for a mandated carbon market. This is consistent with research that equity-based regulation through financial markets can help economies favor clean industries over dirty ones. We interpret the empirical results in a simple model. Adding earlier market reactions to the firms’ membership announcements, the model implies that the market had been betting on a mandatory emission trading system all along.
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Rajagopalan, Nandini. "Strategic orientations, incentive plan adoptions, and firm performance: evidence from electric utility firms." Strategic Management Journal 18, no. 10 (November 1997): 761–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199711)18:10<761::aid-smj906>3.0.co;2-2.
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