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1
Winn, Tiffany Rose, and winn@infoeng flinders edu au. "LDPL: A Language Designer's Pattern Language." Flinders University. Informatics and Engineering, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061127.123254.
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Patterns provide solutions to recurring design problems in a variety of domains,
including that of software design. The best patterns are generative: they show how to
build the solution they propose, rather than just explaining it. A collection of patterns
that work together to generate a complex system is called a pattern language. Pattern
languages have been written for domains as diverse as architecture and computer
science, but the process of developing pattern languages is not well understood.
This thesis focuses on defining both the structure of pattern languages and the
processes by which they are built. The theoretical foundation of the work is existing
theory on symmetry breaking. The form of the work is itself a pattern language: a
Language Designer's Pattern Language (LDPL). LDPL itself articulates the structure
of pattern languages and the key processes by which they form and evolve, and thus
guides the building of a properly structured pattern language. LDPL uses
multidisciplinary examples to validate the claims made, and an existing software
pattern language is analyzed using the material developed.
A key assumption of this thesis is that a pattern language is a structural entity; a
pattern is not just a transformation on system structure, but also the resultant structural
configuration. Another key assumption is that it is valid to treat a pattern language
itself as a complex, designed system, and therefore valid to develop a pattern language
for building pattern languages.
One way of developing a pattern language for building pattern languages would be
to search for underlying commonality across a variety of existing, well known pattern
languages. Such underlying commonality would form the basis for patterns in LDPL.
This project has not directly followed this approach, simply because very few pattern
languages that are genuinely structural have currently been explicitly documented.
Instead, given that pattern languages articulate structure and behavior of complex
systems, this research has investigated existing complex systems theory - in particular,
symmetry-breaking - and used that theory to underpin the pattern language. The
patterns in the language are validated by examples of those patterns within two well
known pattern languages, and within several existing systems whose pattern
languages have not necessarily been explicitly documented as such, but the existence
of which is assumed in the analysis.
In addition to developing LDPL, this project has used LDPL to critique an existing
software pattern language, and to show how that software pattern language could
potentially have been generated using LDPL. Existing relationships between patterns
in the software language have been analyzed and, in some cases, changes to patterns
and their interconnections have been proposed as a way of improving the language.
This project makes a number of key contributions to pattern language research. It
provides a basis for semantic analysis of pattern languages and demonstrates the
validity of using a pattern language to articulate the structure of pattern languages and
the processes by which they are built. The project uses symmetry-breaking theory to
analyze pattern languages and applies that theory to the development of a language.
The resulting language, LDPL, provides language developers with a tool they can use
to help build pattern languages.
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Mikkonen, S. (Samu). "Requirements of the interaction design pattern languages for the web development:a pattern language delivery platform." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512312312.
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Purpose: Previous studies of pattern languages have been focused HCI pattern languages or presented them in the context web development before advent of touchscreen mobile devices. This study looks at potential and evolvement of pattern languages in general and then evaluates the effects and challenges that modern Web environment brings to development of pattern languages for the web development.
Methodology: This research was conducted as design science research by following the process of recognized design science research methodology. Experiment including qualitative survey was conducted in evaluation phase. Narrative literature review was conducted summarizing the most relevant and highest quality knowledge available to answer the research questions as part of the background research.
Findings: This research points to that pattern languages have untapped potential in web technology based user interfaces. This study didn’t yet provide definitive answer to how to untap this potential, but instead provided set of requirements to build upon.
Research limitations: Study focuses on only developing user interface patterns as front-end elements that can be paired with desired backend implementations. Artifacts developed in this study should also be evaluated in larger qualitative research in order to better evaluate the impact.
Practical implications: Delivery platform for pattern language was developed and documented as artifact. Basic pattern language was also developed and documented to enable evaluation of the delivery platform. Insights of this paper aims to provide basis for the building pattern languages for the web development. Value of the paper comes also from discussing the role of recent tools and techniques that have been recently adopted in the web development or are just being developed.
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Zhu, Jia Jun. "A language for financial chart patterns and template-based pattern classification." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950603.
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Joseph, Melanie Rachel. "A pattern language for sacred secular places." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3741.
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ÂPattern Language is a term popularized by Christopher Alexander and his coauthors
of the book A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Sara
Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein in the late 1970Âs. Though intended to enable every
citizen to design and construct their own home, pattern language never quite caught up
with those in the field of architecture, mostly because of its lack of flexibility. The core
idea of AlexanderÂs pattern language was to arm architects, designers, and the common
people with a tool that would empower them to make informed decisions related to
designing places that would comply with their needs and wants.
What architecture needs the most today is the ability to heal and invigorate. I
believe that contemporary architecture lacks such places that enable occupants to
connect and communicate with what is within and what is without. A number of studies
have proven that universally sacred (a majority of which are religious in function) places
are charged with energies that could contribute towards this process. The energies, also
referred to as Âpatterns, are the energies unique to a place that make it special and
sacred (not just in the religious context but also in the secular context). This thesis is an
attempt to derive a new pattern language for the creation of sacred Âsecular places like
our homes and work places which draw from the pattern lists that have been proposed in
four separate instances by authors including Christopher Alexander and Phillip Tabb.
This new pattern list is aimed at providing architects and designers with a tool for
creating secular places with an element of sacrality without having to taking on a
religious meaning.
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Pechoux, Beatrice Le. "A Pattern Language Describing Apparel Design Creativity." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000404-214300.
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<p>The apparel design process involves gathering and analyzing information on fashion trends, markets, past line sales and editing ideas for successful combinations of fabric, style and price. These ideas are the result of creativity. Creativity is most often modeled as a problem solving process involving complex chaotic systems. In the fields of architecture and software design, pattern languages have been developed to help understand the various fundamental components and dynamics of complex systems by using a series of related generic problem-solving patterns empirically proven to be successful in a specified context of forces. Patterns record existing knowledge to make it rapidly and easily accessible and communicated between different users. The research objective of this dissertation was to develop a pattern language describing the initial creative phase of the apparel design process. First, an archetype of the initial creative process in apparel design was constructed based on the literature reviewed to integrate the intervening marketing and design components, and suggest a set of links between these components and the various stages of the process. Second, patterns describing these links and the archetype were developed to form a pattern language representing the dynamics of the archetypal model, i.e. the articulation and interdependencies of all its components and stages. Design professionals reviewed the pattern language. Students used it to develop product concepts and storyboards, which were evaluated by a panel of judges. Feedback from these participants indicates the pattern language offers a "design manual" that can be used by all team members to improve design efficiency and effectiveness, i.e. higher success rates of new products in a timely manner. Combining information technology and the pattern language could make an even greater contribution to apparel design, both at an operational level and a strategic planning level. This research provides a working example of a pattern language and shows the benefits to be attained. Also, the dissertation includes a guide on constructing pattern languages in the hope of reaching the ultimate goal of encouraging industry and academic apparel design experts to contribute to the necessary ongoing developments of the pattern language. <P>
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Monteiro, Pedro Miguel Ferreira Costa. "A pattern language for parallelizing irregular algorithms." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/3963.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática<br>In irregular algorithms, data set’s dependences and distributions cannot be statically predicted.
This class of algorithms tends to organize computations in terms of data locality instead of parallelizing control in multiple threads. Thus, opportunities for exploiting parallelism vary dynamically, according to how the algorithm changes data dependences. As such, effective parallelization of such algorithms requires new approaches that account for that dynamic nature.
This dissertation addresses the problem of building efficient parallel implementations of irregular algorithms by proposing to extract, analyze and document patterns of concurrency and parallelism present in the Galois parallelization framework for irregular algorithms.
Patterns capture formal representations of a tangible solution to a problem that arises in a well defined context within a specific domain.
We document the said patterns in a pattern language, i.e., a set of inter-dependent patterns that compose well-documented template solutions that can be reused whenever a certain problem arises in a well-known context.
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Geller, Felix, Robert Hirschfeld, and Gilad Bracha. "Pattern Matching for an object-oriented and dynamically typed programming language." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4303/.
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Pattern matching is a well-established concept in the functional programming community. It provides the means for concisely identifying and destructuring values of interest. This enables a clean separation of data structures and respective functionality, as well as dispatching functionality based on more than a single value. Unfortunately, expressive pattern matching facilities are seldomly incorporated in present object-oriented programming languages. We present a seamless integration of pattern matching facilities in an object-oriented and dynamically typed programming language: Newspeak.
We describe language extensions to improve the practicability and integrate our additions with the existing programming environment for Newspeak.
This report is based on the first author’s master’s thesis.
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Azad, Minoo. "A proto-pattern language for human-computer interaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ52376.pdf.
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Rodríguez, Ruiz Luis. "Interactive Pattern Recognition applied to Natural Language Processing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8479.
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This thesis is about Pattern Recognition. In the last decades, huge efforts have been
made to develop automatic systems able to rival human capabilities in this field. Although
these systems achieve high productivity rates, they are not precise enough in
most situations. Humans, on the contrary, are very accurate but comparatively quite
slower. This poses an interesting question: the possibility of benefiting from both
worlds by constructing cooperative systems.
This thesis presents diverse contributions to this kind of collaborative approach.
The point is to improve the Pattern Recognition systems by properly introducing a
human operator into the system. We call this Interactive Pattern Recognition (IPR).
Firstly, a general proposal for IPR will be stated. The aim is to develop a framework
to easily derive new applications in this area. Some interesting IPR issues are
also introduced. Multi-modality or adaptive learning are examples of extensions that
can naturally fit into IPR.
In the second place, we will focus on a specific application. A novel method to
obtain high quality speech transcriptions (CAST, Computer Assisted Speech Transcription).
We will start by proposing a CAST formalization and, next, we will cope
with different implementation alternatives. Practical issues, as the system response
time, will be also taken into account, in order to allow for a practical implementation
of CAST. Word graphs and probabilistic error correcting parsing are tools that will
be used to reach an alternative formulation that allows for the use of CAST in a real
scenario.
Afterwards, a special application within the general IPR framework will be discussed.
This is intended to test the IPR capabilities in an extreme environment, where
no input pattern is available and the system only has access to the user actions to produce
a hypothesis. Specifically, we will focus here on providing assistance in the
problem of text generation.<br>Rodríguez Ruiz, L. (2010). Interactive Pattern Recognition applied to Natural Language Processing [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8479<br>Palancia
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Fioravanti, Maria Lydia. "MLearning-PL: a pedagogical pattern language for mobile learning applications." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-06072018-102108/.
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The development and use of computational applications to support teaching and learning, together with the evolution of mobile computing, have contributed significantly to the establishment of a new learning modality known as mobile learning. Despite the benefits and facilities offered by educational applications, some problems and issues they present must be addressed. Challenges associated with mobile learning are not limited to developmental aspects or technologies. We should also consider the pedagogical aspects of this kind of application. When dealing with domain-specific software, we must be concerned about domain requirements. Therefore, it is important to have expert knowledge in the requirements engineering team and, in the case of mobile learning applications projects, such knowledge come from educators, teachers and tutors. However, capturing and transferring tacit knowledge are not trivial tasks and a supporting mechanism that guides the requirements elicitation phase in mobile learning applications projects would be of major importance. Pattern languages as a method to describe tacit knowledge is acknowledged and could be used as a supporting mechanism. Patterns constitute a mechanism for capturing domain experience and knowledge to allow such experience and knowledge to be reapplied when a new problem is encountered. Similarly, pedagogical patterns try to capture expert knowledge of the practice of teaching and learning. Aiming to solve, or at least diminish, the problems associated with mobile learning and due the lack of pedagogical patterns for this purpose, this work aims to create a pedagogical pattern language to assist the requirements elicitation phase of mobile learning applications projects. In this context, a pedagogical pattern language, named MLearning-PL, was created. It is composed of 14 patterns and focuses on assisting in the definition of mobile applications in order to keep learners motivated and committed to using such applications, considering their different learning styles and an effective knowledge acquisition. Experimental studies comparing MLearning-PL to an ad hoc approach in a pedagogical problem resolution scenario were conducted. The results obtained provided preliminary evidences of the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of MLearning-PL.<br>O desenvolvimento e a utilização de aplicações computacionais como apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem, aliados à evolução da computação móvel, tem contribuído significativamente para o estabelecimento de uma nova modalidade de ensino conhecida como aprendizagem móvel. Neste cenário, as aplicações educacionais existentes, mesmo possuindo diversos benefícios e facilidades, apresentam problemas e desafios. Os desafios associados à aprendizagem móvel não se limitam a aspectos de desenvolvimento ou tecnologias. Deve-se, também, considerar os aspectos pedagógicos deste tipo de aplicação. Ao lidar com software específico de determinado domínio, deve-se considerar os requisitos de tal domínio. Portanto, é importante ter conhecimento especializado na equipe de engenharia de requisitos e, no caso de projetos de aplicativos de aprendizagem móvel, esse conhecimento é proveniente de educadores, professores e tutores. No entanto, capturar e transferir o conhecimento tácito não é uma tarefa trivial e um mecanismo de apoio para orientar a fase de elicitação de requisitos em projetos de aplicativos de aprendizagem móvel seria de suma importância. As linguagens de padrões são reconhecidas como método para descrever o conhecimento tácito e podem ser usadas como mecanismo de apoio. Os padrões são um mecanismo para capturar a experiência e o conhecimento do domínio para permitir que ele seja reaplicado quando um novo problema for encontrado. Da mesma forma, os padrões pedagógicos tentam capturar o conhecimento especializado da prática do ensino e da aprendizagem. Com o objetivo de resolver, ou pelo menos minimizar, os problemas associados à aprendizagem móvel e devido à falta de padrões pedagógicos para este propósito, este trabalho tem como objetivo criar uma linguagem de padrões pedagógicos para auxiliar na fase de elicitação de requisitos dos projetos de aplicações de aprendizagem móvel. Neste contexto, foi criada uma linguagem de padrões pedagógicos, denominada MLearning-PL, composta por 14 padrões e cujo foco é auxiliar na definição de aplicativos móveis de maneira a manter os apredizes motivados e comprometidos ao usar tais aplicativos, considerando seus diferentes estilos de aprendizagem e uma aquisição de conhecimento efetiva. Estudos experimentais comparando a MLearning- PL a uma abordagem ad hoc em um cenário de resolução de problemas pedagógicos foram realizados. Os resultados obtidos forneceram evidências preliminares a respeito da aplicabilidade, eficácia e eficiência da MLearning-PL.
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Olson, Daren. "Teaching Patterns: A Pattern Language for Improving the Quality of Instruction in Higher Education Settings." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/51.
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One method for improving the appeal of instruction is found in Christopher Alexander’s work on architectural design patterns. In this qualitative research study, student comments on teacher/course evaluation forms were analyzed to generate six instructional design patterns. The teacher enthusiasm pattern encourages teachers to show (a) increased scholarship and enthusiasm towards the subject matter, (b) genuine concern and enthusiasm towards the students, and (c) mastery of and enthusiasm towards the act of teaching. The balanced curriculum pattern recommends that teachers (a) determine the appropriate depth or breadth of subject matter and communicate it to the students, (b) create a balanced schedule of activities, assignments, and tests, and (c) provide a variety of subject matter topics, instructional strategies, and media delivery technologies. The clear and appropriate assessments pattern directs teachers to (a) communicate the learning objectives related to each assessment, (b) ensure assessment methods are appropriate measures of the objectives, and (c) use fair criteria in grading and administering the assessments. The authentic connections pattern asks teachers to (a) help students understand the connections between the subject matter content and the world of work, (b) promote interpersonal connections between students through instruction and group work, as well as facilitate teacher-student connections by dealing with students honestly and fairly, and (c) encourage students to look at connections that go beyond workplace application and help students become better people. The flow of time pattern recommends that teachers (a) help students plan out their schedules for various time periods, and (b) synchronize the flow of instructional events with the flow of events occurring in the students’ personal lives. Finally, the negotiation and cooperation pattern encourages teachers to apply the processes of negotiation and cooperation to solve problems related to (a) the students’ lack of a sense of freedom, power, or control, (b) the conflict within the students or within the social order of the class, and (c) the general absence of a self-supporting, self-maintaining, and generating quality in the instruction. These six instructional design patterns may be used by teachers to increase the appeal of instruction in higher education settings.
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Sterner, Carl S. "A Sustainable Pattern Language: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainable Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212172753.
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Reichert, Tim. "A pattern-based foundation for language-driven software engineering." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/4385/.
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This work brings together two fundamental ideas for modelling, programming and analysing software systems. The first idea is of a methodological nature: engineering software by systematically creating and relating languages. The second idea is of a technical nature: using patterns as a practical foundation for computing. The goal is to show that the systematic creation and layering of languages can be reduced to the elementary operations of pattern matching and instantiation and that this pattern-based approach provides a formal and practical foundation for language-driven modelling, programming and analysis. The underpinning of the work is a novel formalism for recognising, deconstructing, creating, searching, transforming and generally manipulating data structures. The formalism is based on typed sequences, a generic structure for representing trees. It defines basic pattern expressions for matching and instantiating atomic values and variables. Horizontal, vertical, diagonal and hierarchical operators are different ways of combining patterns. Transformations combine matching and instantiating patterns and they are patterns themselves. A quasiquotation mechanism allows arbitrary levels of meta-pattern functionality and forms the basis of pattern abstraction. Path polymorphic operators are used to specify fine-grained search of structures. A range of core concepts such as layering, parsing and pattern-based computing can naturally be defined through pattern expressions. Three language-driven tools that utilise the pattern formalism showcase the applicability of the pattern-approach. Concat is a self-sustaining (meta-)programming system in which all computations are expressed by matching and instantiation. This includes parsing, executing and optimising programs. By applying its language engineering tools to its own meta-language, Concat can extend itself from within. XMF (XML Modeling Framework) is a browser-based modelling- and meta-modelling framework that provides flexible means to create and relate modelling languages and to query and validate models. The pattern functionality that makes this possible is partly exposed as a schema language and partly as a JavaScript library. CFR (Channel Filter Rule Language) implements a language-driven approach for layered analysis of communication in complex networked systems. The communication on each layer is visible in the language of an “abstract protocol” that is defined by communication patterns.
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Ali, Hayat. "Towards a pattern language for e-participation processes (PL4eP)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/towards-a-pattern-language-for-eparticipation-processes-pl4ep(d6f00776-0d5a-4f59-b748-96282386d486).html.
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The role of ICTs in political life and civic participation is now widely accepted and further validated through the massive use of social media, which has led to an increasing expectation of involvement by citizens through what is often termed e-Participation: the use of ICT to enable citizens' participation in the process of central or local governmental decision making. Increased involvement has created the need to consider the design of participatory processes beyond a single event, such as voting, towards more complex situations which may involve a series of events conducted over a period of time. However, e-Participation is a challenging system to put into operation, as there are three major problems inherent to its application: 1) the process, in which the participation process is not a single activity but a series of activities of different types and formats, such as workshops, focus groups or voting, which become more complex as the level of citizen participation increases; 2) the complexity of designing the participation processes requires skills, experience and knowledge which would require governments to hire or train skilled consultants. This would be very expensive and constrained by the availability of the resources; and 3) the difficulty of choosing the appropriate technologies from the wide range available. Choosing appropriate tools, that are both effective and accessible to citizens, will be of crucial importance to any e-Participation scheme. This research seeks to develop a structured approach to designing public participation processes based upon the concept of the pattern language to overcome complexities in the public participation process field, by combining knowledge from pattern languages for e-Business, which concerns itself with mapping from real world problems to ICT solutions, with that of Collaboration Engineering, which concerns the design of collaboration processes.The approach to addressing the above problems is based on that of Design Science Research (DSR), which provides an iterative method of problem solving. In this research, four design cycles were followed to design a PL4eP through five proposed processes of DSR: awareness of problems, suggestion, development, evaluation and conclusion. The pattern language was evaluated by experts and practitioners in the field who found that the language provides a promising design approach that is a beneficial starting point for non-experienced designers to design public participation processes. Thus, the language enables the designers to think about their scope and objectives before engaging in the participation process and shows them the choices available against their objectives through its logical topology, presented in terms of the five steps. The contribution of this research is in recognising the potential complexity of participatory processes and in bringing together aspects of two bodies of work on patterns to propose a new pattern language for designing e-Participation processes, thePL4eP. From its two viewpoints, the conceptual views in terms of layers, and the users' view in terms of the five design steps delivered through a website, the PL4eP contributes to both theory and practice.
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Carmichael, Lesley Marie. "Situation-based intonation pattern distribution in a corpus of American English /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8382.
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Brown, Thomas John. "Language development for transputer based image processing." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317493.
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Piskorski, Jakub. "ExPRESS : extraction pattern recognition engine and specification suite." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2722/.
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The emergence of information extraction (IE) oriented pattern engines has been observed during the last decade. Most of them exploit heavily finite-state devices. This paper introduces ExPRESS – a new extraction pattern engine, whose rules are regular expressions over flat feature structures. The underlying pattern language is a blend of two previously introduced IE oriented pattern formalisms, namely, JAPE, used in the widely known GATE system, and the unificationbased XTDL formalism used in SProUT. A brief and technical overview of ExPRESS, its pattern language and the pool of its native linguistic components is given. Furthermore, the implementation of the grammar interpreter is addressed too.
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Antohe, Diana. "Parallel Pattern: A Familial Legacy of Care." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5837.
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My work revolves around exploring identity of the in-between, occupying the Venn diagram middle of two cultures. As a Romanian-born, American-raised artist, I want to preserve and broadcast links to the cultures of my upbringing and birthplace. In attempts to ground and define my own “in-between” identity, I look to my parents and grandparents for cues on how they made home for themselves wherever they went, reflecting their experiences with voluntary and involuntary displacement. This text connects the research and influential family practices that shaped its companion exhibition, ranging from the role of portability in emotional transnationalism to the lasting mythology the soap opera “Dallas” holds in Romania.
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Ford, George Harold. "Spoken Language Identification from Processing and Pattern Analysis of Spectrograms." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/152.
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Prior speech and linguistics research has focused on the use of phonemes recognition in speech, and their use in formulation of recognizable words, to determine language identification. Some languages have additional phoneme sounds, which can help identify a language; however, most of the phonemes are common to a wide variety of languages. Legacy approaches recognize strings of phonemes as syllables, used by dictionary queries to see if a word can be found to uniquely identify a language.
This dissertation research considers an alternative means of determining language identification of speech data based solely on analysis of frequency-domain data. An analytical approach to speech language identification by three comparative techniques is performed. First, a character-based pattern analysis is performed using the Rix and Forster algorithm to replicate their research on language identification. Second, techniques of phoneme recognition and their relative pattern of occurrence in speech samples are measured for performance in ability for language identification using the Rix and Forster approach. Finally, an experiment using statistical analysis of time-ensemble frequency spectrum data is assessed for its ability to establish spectral patterns for language identification, along with performance. This novel approach is applied to spectrogram audio data using pattern analysis techniques for language identification. It applies the Rix and Forster method to the ensemble of spectral frequencies used over the duration of a speech waveform. This novel approach is compared to the applications of the Rix and Forster algorithm to character-based and phoneme symbols for language identification on the basis of statistical accuracy, processing time requirements, and spatial processing resource needs. The audio spectrum analysis also demonstrates the ability to perform speaker identification using the same techniques performed for language identification.
The results of this research demonstrate the efficacy of audio frequency-domain pattern analysis applied to speech waveform data. It provides an efficient technique in language identification without reliance upon linguistic approaches using phonemes or word derivations. This work also demonstrates a quick, automated means by which information gatherers, travelers, and diplomatic officials might obtain rapid language identification supporting time-critical determination of appropriate translator resource needs.
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Meng, Ziyuan. "Two-Bit Pattern Analysis For Quantitative Information Flow." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1326.
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Protecting confidential information from improper disclosure is a fundamental security goal. While encryption and access control are important tools for ensuring confidentiality, they cannot prevent an authorized system from leaking confidential information to its publicly observable outputs, whether inadvertently or maliciously. Hence, secure information flow aims to provide end-to-end control of information flow. Unfortunately, the traditionally-adopted policy of noninterference, which forbids all improper leakage, is often too restrictive. Theories of quantitative information flow address this issue by quantifying the amount of confidential information leaked by a system, with the goal of showing that it is intuitively “small” enough to be tolerated. Given such a theory, it is crucial to develop automated techniques for calculating the leakage in a system.
This dissertation is concerned with program analysis for calculating the maximum leakage, or capacity, of confidential information in the context of deterministic systems and under three proposed entropy measures of information leakage: Shannon entropy leakage, min-entropy leakage, and g-leakage. In this context, it turns out that calculating the maximum leakage of a program reduces to counting the number of possible outputs that it can produce.
The new approach introduced in this dissertation is to determine two-bit patterns, the relationships among pairs of bits in the output; for instance we might determine that two bits must be unequal. By counting the number of solutions to the two-bit patterns, we obtain an upper bound on the number of possible outputs. Hence, the maximum leakage can be bounded. We first describe a straightforward computation of the two-bit patterns using an automated prover. We then show a more efficient implementation that uses an implication graph to represent the two- bit patterns. It efficiently constructs the graph through the use of an automated prover, random executions, STP counterexamples, and deductive closure. The effectiveness of our techniques, both in terms of efficiency and accuracy, is shown through a number of case studies found in recent literature.
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Cavusoglu, Abdullah. "Providing language facilities for 3D articulated figure animation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333407.
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Munson, Benjamin. "Phonological pattern frequency and speech production in children and adults /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148820217119802.
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Bohdanowicz, Daniel. "Toward Tool Support for Usage of Object-Oriented Design Patterns Expressed in Unified Modeling Language." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5895.
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Design patterns describe solutions that can be used in a particular context for commonly recurring problems at the detailed design level of a software system. Patterns have become an important concept in object-oriented development and their usage is a widely accepted practice. This thesis investigates issue of tool support for design patterns usage that can be offered by UML modelling tools, and proposes UML based method and notation for specification of the patterns, and documentation of their instances in a design model, facilitating such support. Different ways of such support are presented and classified, and comparison of tools offering assistance for patterns usage is depicted. UML profile supporting specification of structural aspects of solutions proposed by design patterns, and documentation of their instances is specified in the thesis.
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Li, Xiaohui. "A Language and Visual Interface to Specify Complex Spatial Pattern Mining." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5408/.
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The emerging interests in spatial pattern mining leads to the demand for a flexible spatial pattern mining language, on which easy to use and understand visual pattern language could be built. It is worthwhile to define a pattern mining language called LCSPM to allow users to specify complex spatial patterns. I describe a proposed pattern mining language in this paper. A visual interface which allows users to specify the patterns visually is developed. Visual pattern queries are translated into the LCSPM language by a parser and data mining process can be triggered afterwards. The visual language is based on and goes beyond the visual language proposed in literature. I implemented a prototype system based on the open source JUMP framework.
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Menezes, Caroline M. "Rhythmic pattern Of American English an articulatory and acoustic study /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1056137140.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 221 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Osamu Fujimura, Dept. of Speech and Hearing Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-137).
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Sahoo, Shibashankar. "Soft machine : A pattern language for interacting with machine learning algorithms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182467.
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The computational nature of soft computing e.g. machine learning and AI systems have been hidden by seamless interfaces for almost two decades now. It has led to the loss of control, inability to explore, and adapt to needs and privacy at an individual level to social-technical problems on a global scale. I propose a soft machine - a set of cohesive design patterns or ‘seams’ to interact with everyday ‘black-box’ algorithms. Through participatory design and tangible sketching, I illustrate several interaction techniques to show how people can naturally control, explore, and adapt in-context algorithmic systems. Unlike existing design approaches, I treat machine learning as playful ‘design material’ finding moments of interplay between human common sense and statical intelligence. Further, I conceive machine learning not as a ‘technology’ but rather as an iterative training ‘process’, which eventually changes the role of user from a passive consumer of technology to an active trainer of algorithms.
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Anthony, Lori A. "Pattern Language as a Design and Evaluation Tool for Teaming Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32617.
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The transformation of the office from the standard bullpen configuration to today's dynamic, flexible and open floorplans has required new design methodologies that incorporate tools and technologies that are readily available to interior designers. Moreover, the increased use of teams in the workplace challenges interior designers to create environments that accommodate group and individual tasks. This two-phased research study explored the use of a web-based pattern language as a new tool for designing and evaluating teaming spaces. Pattern language is a design formulation methodology developed in 1977 by Christopher Alexander and his associates. It consists of a series of interrelated physical elements combined to create a framework for design solutions.
A web-based pattern language for teaming environments was created by this researcher and evaluated by an e-mail questionnaire sent to a sample of expert design professionals. The feedback from the survey was used to revise the existing language and was the tool used for phase two. This phase tested the pattern language against an existing teaming environment by having the researcher evaluate the space determining the inclusion of each pattern. A focus group was also surveyed and the results of both evaluations were compared for similarities.
The results of phase one showed that of those design professionals surveyed, the majority believe pattern language could be a valuable design as well as evaluation tool. Phase two results showed similarities between the responses by the researcher compared with those of the focus group.
In summary, pattern language may be a useful tool for the design and evaluation of teaming environments.<br>Master of Science
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Homlong, Siri. "The Language of Textiles : Description and Judgement on Textile Pattern Composition." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7216.
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Rupe, Jonathan C. "Vision-based hand shape identification for sign language recognition /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/940.
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Hosseini, Habib Mir Mohamad. "Analysis and recognition of Persian and Arabic handwritten characters /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh8288.pdf.
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Schmid, Markus L. "On the membership problem for pattern languages and related topics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10304.
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In this thesis, we investigate the complexity of the membership problem for pattern languages. A pattern is a string over the union of the alphabets A and X, where X := {x_1, x_2, x_3, ...} is a countable set of variables and A is a finite alphabet containing terminals (e.g., A := {a, b, c, d}). Every pattern, e.g., p := x_1 x_2 a b x_2 b x_1 c x_2, describes a pattern language, i.e., the set of all words that can be obtained by uniformly substituting the variables in the pattern by arbitrary strings over A. Hence, u := cacaaabaabcaccaa is a word of the pattern language of p, since substituting cac for x_1 and aa for x_2 yields u. On the other hand, there is no way to obtain the word u' := bbbababbacaaba by substituting the occurrences of x_1 and x_2 in p by words over A. The problem to decide for a given pattern q and a given word w whether or not w is in the pattern language of q is called the membership problem for pattern languages. Consequently, (p, u) is a positive instance and (p, u') is a negative instance of the membership problem for pattern languages. For the unrestricted case, i.e., for arbitrary patterns and words, the membership problem is NP-complete. In this thesis, we identify classes of patterns for which the membership problem can be solved efficiently. Our first main result in this regard is that the variable distance, i.e., the maximum number of different variables that separate two consecutive occurrences of the same variable, substantially contributes to the complexity of the membership problem for pattern languages. More precisely, for every class of patterns with a bounded variable distance the membership problem can be solved efficiently. The second main result is that the same holds for every class of patterns with a bounded scope coincidence degree, where the scope coincidence degree is the maximum number of intervals that cover a common position in the pattern, where each interval is given by the leftmost and rightmost occurrence of a variable in the pattern. The proof of our first main result is based on automata theory. More precisely, we introduce a new automata model that is used as an algorithmic framework in order to show that the membership problem for pattern languages can be solved in time that is exponential only in the variable distance of the corresponding pattern. We then take a closer look at this automata model and subject it to a sound theoretical analysis. The second main result is obtained in a completely different way. We encode patterns and words as relational structures and we then reduce the membership problem for pattern languages to the homomorphism problem of relational structures, which allows us to exploit the concept of the treewidth. This approach turns out be successful, and we show that it has potential to identify further classes of patterns with a polynomial time membership problem. Furthermore, we take a closer look at two aspects of pattern languages that are indirectly related to the membership problem. Firstly, we investigate the phenomenon that patterns can describe regular or context-free languages in an unexpected way, which implies that their membership problem can be solved efficiently. In this regard, we present several sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for the regularity and context-freeness of pattern languages. Secondly, we compare pattern languages with languages given by so-called extended regular expressions with backreferences (REGEX). The membership problem for REGEX languages is very important in practice and since REGEX are similar to pattern languages, it might be possible to improve algorithms for the membership problem for REGEX languages by investigating their relationship to patterns. In this regard, we investigate how patterns can be extended in order to describe large classes of REGEX languages.
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Buehler, Patrick. "Automatic learning of British Sign Language from signed TV broadcasts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2930e980-4307-41bf-b4ff-87e8c4d0d722.
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In this work, we will present several contributions towards automatic recognition of BSL signs from continuous signing video sequences. Specifically, we will address three main points: (i) automatic detection and tracking of the hands using a generative model of the image; (ii) automatic learning of signs from TV broadcasts using the supervisory information available from subtitles; and (iii) generalisation given sign examples from one signer to recognition of signs from different signers. Our source material consists of many hours of video with continuous signing and corresponding subtitles recorded from BBC digital television. This is very challenging material for a number of reasons, including self-occlusions of the signer, self-shadowing, blur due to the speed of motion, and in particular the changing background. Knowledge of the hand position and hand shape is a pre-requisite for automatic sign language recognition. We cast the problem of detecting and tracking the hands as inference in a generative model of the image, and propose a complete model which accounts for the positions and self-occlusions of the arms. Reasonable configurations are obtained by efficiently sampling from a pictorial structure proposal distribution. The results using our method exceed the state-of-the-art for the length and stability of continuous limb tracking. Previous research in sign language recognition has typically required manual training data to be generated for each sign, e.g. a signer performing each sign in controlled conditions - a time-consuming and expensive procedure. We show that for a given signer, a large number of BSL signs can be learned automatically from TV broadcasts using the supervisory information available from subtitles broadcast simultaneously with the signing. We achieve this by modelling the problem as one of multiple instance learning. In this way we are able to extract the sign of interest from hours of signing footage, despite the very weak and "noisy" supervision from the subtitles. Lastly, we show that automatic recognition of signs can be extended to multiple signers. Using automatically extracted examples from a single signer, we train discriminative classifiers and show that these can successfully classify and localise signs in new signers. This demonstrates that the descriptor we extract for each frame (i.e. hand position, hand shape, and hand orientation) generalises between different signers.
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Combrinck, Hendrik Petrus. "A cost, complexity and performance comparison of two automatic language identification architectures." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12212006-141335/.
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Chen, Xiaodong. "Temporal data mining : algorithms, language and system for temporal association rules." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297977.
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Studies on data mining are being pursued in many different research areas, such as Machine Learning, Statistics, and Databases. The work presented in this thesis is based on the database perspective of data mining. The main focuses are on the temporal aspects of data mining problems, especially association rule discovery, and issues on the integration of data mining and database systems. Firstly, a theoretical framework for temporal data mining is proposed in this thesis. Within this framework, not only potential patterns but also temporal features associated with the patterns are expected to be discovered. Calendar time expressions are suggested to represent temporal features and the minimum frequency of patterns is introduced as a new threshold in the model of temporal data mining. The framework also emphasises the necessary components to support temporal data mining tasks. As a specialisation of the proposed framework, the problem of mining temporal association rules is investigated. The methodology adopted in this thesis is eventually discovering potential temporal rules by alternatively using special search techniques for various restricted problems in an interactive and iterative process. Three forms of interesting mining tasks for temporal association rules with certain constraints are identified. These tasks are the discovery of valid time periods of association rules, the discovery of periodicities of association rules, and the discovery of association rules with temporal features. The search techniques and algorithms for those individual tasks are developed and presented in this thesis. Finally, an integrated query and mining system (IQMS) is presented in this thesis, covering the description of an interactive query and mining interface (IQMI) supplied by the IQMS system, the presentation of an SQL-like temporal mining language (TML) with the ability to express various data mining tasks for temporal association rules, and the suggestion of an IQMI-based interactive data mining process. The implementation of this system demonstrates an alternative approach for the integration of the DBMS and data mining functions.
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Adam, Jameel. "Video annotation wiki for South African sign language." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1540_1304499135.
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<p>The SASL project at the University of the Western Cape aims at developing a fully automated translation system between English and South African Sign Language (SASL). Three important aspects of this system require SASL documentation and knowledge. These are: recognition of SASL from a video sequence, linguistic translation between SASL and English and the rendering of SASL. Unfortunately, SASL documentation is a scarce resource and no official or complete documentation exists. This research focuses on creating an online collaborative video annotation knowledge management system for SASL where various members of the community can upload SASL videos to and annotate them in any of the sign language notation systems, SignWriting, HamNoSys and/or Stokoe. As such, knowledge about SASL structure is pooled into a central and freely accessible knowledge base that can be used as required. The usability and performance of the system were evaluated. The usability of the system was graded by users on a rating scale from one to five for a specific set of tasks. The system was found to have an overall usability of 3.1, slightly better than average. The performance evaluation included load and stress tests which measured the system response time for a number of users for a specific set of tasks. It was found that the system is stable and can scale up to cater for an increasing user base by improving the underlying hardware.</p>
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Oliver, Joshua M. L. "Environmental analysis of pathology laboratory patient service centers a pattern of language approach /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4293.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (December 18, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Bergmair, Richard. "Monte Carlo semantics : robust inference and logical pattern processing with natural language text." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609713.
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Chan, Peter Kwok. "A pattern language for design development process of a web-based online course." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073668262.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 265 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Terry Barrett, Dept. of Art Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-265).
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Li, Kaiyan. "Unified modeling language class diagram translator for the online design pattern library system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2194.
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the successor to the wave of object-oriented analysis and design (OOA&D) methods that appeared in the late '80s and early '90s. The class diagram is one of the most useful diagrams in UML. The class diagram technique has become truly central within object-oriented methods.
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Leather, Jonathan Haworth. "Speech pattern elements in second language acquisition : perception and production of Chinese tonal contrasts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295152.
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Meyer, Robin. "Iranian-Armenian language contact in and before the 5th century CE." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38e2dcfa-4051-4e5f-a761-844526cc6449.
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This study provides new insights into the historical language contact between Classical Armenian and West Middle Iranian, specifically Parthian. Next to an up-to-date account of known lexical, morphological, and phraseological Iranian loans in Armenian, the discussion focuses on one major and three minor syntactic patterns which, it is argued, are the result of pattern replication. The major pattern, the Classical Armenian periphrastic perfect, has previously been the focus of numerous papers owing to its unusual construction: while intransitive verbs construe with nominative subjects and an optional form of the copula in subject agreement, transitive verbs exhibit genitive agents, accusative objects and an optional copula in a invariable 3.sg form. Based on a discussion of morphosyntactic alignment patterns in general, and of Armenian and West Middle Iranian in particular, it is shown that previous accounts cannot satisfactorily explain the syntax of the perfect. In a new approach, it is argued that Armenian exhibits tripartite morphosyntactic alignment as the result of 'copying' and adapting the ergative alignment pattern of the West Middle Iranian past tense. This analysis is supported both by the historical morphology of the perfect participle and by a corpus analysis of five major works of Armenian 5<sup>th</sup>-century historiography. The minor patterns - ezāfe-like nominal relative clauses, subject resumption and switch-reference marking using the anaphoric pronoun Arm. ink'n, and the quotative use of Arm. (e)t'ē - are equally linked to parallel constructions in West Middle Iranian, which may have served as syntactic models for their Armenian counterparts. The final part of the study discusses the Armenian-Iranian relationship from a language contact point of view and, making use of historical, epigraphic, and literary sources, proposes that a superstrate shift of the Parthian-speaking ruling class of Armenia to Armenian as their primary language best explains the amount of Parthian linguistic material and patterns in Armenian.
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施雷 and Lui Sze. "Computer recognition of printed Chinese characters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213601.
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Thwaites, Kevin. "Expressivist landscape architecture : the development of a new conceptual framework for landscape architecture." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301040.
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Limitations in landscape architecture's intellectual underpinning potentially restrict its capability to make places which are conducive to human fulfilment. This is evident as an aesthetic and technical bias in landscape architecture which overlooks experiential dimensions crucial to the achievemenot f human fiflfilment. In responsea new conceptualf ramework is developed ftom the tenets of expressivism; a broad cultural movement with roots in eighteenth century Romanticism. Expressivist landscape architecture affirms a holistic concept of the human-envirorunenrte lationshipa s a philosophical core for landscapea rchitecturea nd includes a reconceptualisationo f landscapea s expressivel andscapep lace; an experientiale ntity defined in terms of an integration of human psychological and emotional functioning and physical space. Developing from Christopher Alexander's theoretical structures, expressivist landscape architecture is made operational by features which stress the primacy of human expressive activity, design as language and the experience of creative participation in the making of expressive landscape places.
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Sidhu, Jadvinder Singh. "Development of a natural language interface system that allows the user population to tailor the system iteratively to their own requirements." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245101.
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Segers, Vaughn Mackman. "The efficacy of the Eigenvector approach to South African sign language identification." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2697_1298280657.
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<p>The communication barriers between deaf and hearing society mean that interaction between these communities is kept to a minimum. The South African Sign Language research group, Integration of Signed and Verbal Communication: South African Sign Language Recognition and Animation (SASL), at the University of the Western Cape aims to create technologies to bridge the communication gap. In this thesis we address the subject of whole hand gesture recognition. We demonstrate a method to identify South African Sign Language classifiers using an eigenvector ap- proach. The classifiers researched within this thesis are based on those outlined by the Thibologa Sign Language Institute for SASL. Gesture recognition is achieved in real- time. Utilising a pre-processing method for image registration we are able to increase the recognition rates for the eigenvector approach.</p>
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Elmasry, Sarah Khalil. "Integration Patterns of Learning Technologies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29070.
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This research proposes sets of design patterns of learning environments as an innovative approach towards an intelligent architectural design process. These patterns are based on teachers’ spatial and pedagogical use of their learning environments.
The study is based in the desired condition that learning environments are expected to host learning technologies efficiently, to adapt to the fact that its life span is much longer than that of any technology within it, and to accommodate a variation of teaching modes and learning styles. In an effort to address these issues; calls for designing flexible learning spaces have emerged, as well as recommendations for alternative layouts. Yet, more challenging questions emerge; how efficiently do these technologies integrate with other systems in the classroom space? What should architects and facility planners consider for a successful systems’ integration which incorporates learning technologies in the design of the classroom space? And how can these spaces support variations in pedagogical practice. This study attempts to answer these questions by developing a pattern language to support the early design phases of a technology-rich learning environment.
The study is qualitative in nature, and based on interviews with a sample of teachers at academic year Governor’s science and technology schools in Virginia. The researcher attempts to capture problems and challenges related to occupants’ performance within the physical boundaries of the classroom when learning technologies are in use. The variation of teaching-learning modes is taken into consideration.
In this process, the researcher focuses on integration patterns of learning technologies with the envelope and the interior systems. The findings are then translated into the design language in the form of a pattern language at the building systems scale.<br>Ph. D.
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Naidoo, Nathan Lyle. "South African sign language recognition using feature vectors and Hidden Markov Models." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8533_1297923615.
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<p>This thesis presents a system for performing whole gesture recognition for South African Sign Language. The system uses feature vectors combined with Hidden Markov models. In order to constuct a feature vector, dynamic segmentation must occur to extract the signer&rsquo<br>s hand movements. Techniques and methods for normalising variations that occur when recording a signer performing a gesture, are investigated. The system has a classification rate of 69%</p>
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Khy, Sophoin, Yoshiharu Ishikawa, and Hiroyuki Kitagawa. "A Query Language and Its Processing for Time-Series Document Clusters." Springer-Verlag, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10689.
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Leung, Cheung-hoi. "Computer recognition of handprinted Chinese characters /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322131.
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Andrén, Samuel, and William Bolin. "NLIs over APIs : Evaluating Pattern Matching as a way of processing natural language for a simple API." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186429.
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This report explores of the feasibility of using pattern matching for implementing a robust Natural Language Interface (NLI) over a limited Application Programming Interface (API). Because APIs are used to such a great extent today and often in mobile applications, it becomes more important to find simple ways of making them accessible to end users. A very intuitive way to access information via an API is using natural language. Therefore, this study first explores the possibility of building a corpus of the most common phrases used for a particular API. It is then explored how those phrases adhere to patterns, and how these patterns can be used to extract meaning from a phrase. Finally it evaluates an implementation of an NLI using pattern matching system based on the patterns. The result of the building of the corpus shows that although the amount of unique phrases used with our API seems to increase quite steadily, the amount of patterns those phrases follow converges to a constant quickly. This implies that it is possible to use these patterns to create an NLI that is robust enough to query an API effectively. The evaluation of the pattern matching system indicates that this technique can be used to successfully extract information from a phrase if its pattern is known by the system.<br>Den här rapporten utforskar hur genomförbart det är att använda mönstermatchning för att implementera ett robust användargränssnitt för styrning med naturligt språk (Natural Language Interface, NLI) över en begränsad Application Programming Interface (API). Eftersom APIer används i stor utsträckning idag, ofta i mobila applikationer, har det blivit allt mer viktigt att hitta sätt att göra dem ännu mer tillgängliga för slutanvändare. Ett mycket intuitivt sätt att komma åt information är med hjälp av naturligt språk via en API. I den här rapporten redogörs först för möjligheten att bygga ett korpus för en viss API and att skapa mönster för mönstermatchning på det korpuset. Därefter utvärderas en implementation av ett NLI som bygger på mönstermatchning med hjälp av korpuset. Resultatet av korpusuppbyggnaden visar att trots att antalet unika fraser som används för vårt API ökar ganska stadigt, så konvergerar antalat mönster på de fraserna relativt snabbt mot en konstant. Detta antyder att det är mycket möjligt att använda desssa mönster för att skapa en NLI som är robust nog för en API. Utvärderingen av implementationen av mönstermatchingssystemet antyder att tekniken kan användas för att framgångsrikt extrahera information från fraser om mönstret frasen följer finns i systemet.