Relevant bibliographies by topics / A price

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'A price'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'A price.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "A price"

1

Barsky, Robert B., Christopher L. House, and Miles S. Kimball. "Sticky-Price Models and Durable Goods." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.984.

Full text
Abstract:
The inclusion of a durable goods sector in sticky-price models has strong and unexpected implications. Even if most prices are flexible, a small durable goods sector with sticky prices may be sufficient to make aggregate output react to monetary policy as though most prices were sticky. In contrast, flexibly priced durables with sufficiently long service lives can undo the implications of standard sticky price models. In a limiting case, flexibly priced durables cause monetary policy to have no effect on aggregate output. Our analysis suggests that durable goods prices are the most relevant data for calibrating price rigidity. (JEL E21, E23, E31, E52)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tripathi, Avinash, and Neeraj Pandey. "Does impact of price endings differ for the non-green and green products? Role of product categories and price levels." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1838.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The discount image associated with odd-ending prices has led to its extensive use by retailers. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts and applications of nine-ending vs round-ending prices on the purchase of green and non-green products at different price levels and under different purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments are conducted. The first experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; the second experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (price level: low price vs high price) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; and the third experiment examined buyers’ preferences of price endings regarding the purchase of green products having either utility (utilitarian) or pleasure (hedonic) motivation. Findings This research highlights that consumers prefer zero-ending prices for green products and pleasure motivation products, but they prefer odd endings for low-priced and utilitarian products. These results support the increased reception of round-ending prices. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature by providing a boundary condition for odd-ending prices. Specifically, the study finds that the effect of nine-ending prices becomes weaker as the price of the product increases. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for managers, as the results indicate that pricing green products and high-quality perception products using round digits and pricing low-priced and utility perception products using odd digits will increase consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, pricing the products using round-ending prices will reduce the perception of low quality and deter brand loyalty emanating from a low-priced/discount image of a product. Originality/value This research contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of behavioural pricing literature. This research uncovers the buyers’ distinct preferences for zero-ending prices and odd-ending prices when purchasing different products based on different motivations and varied price levels. This is the first research of its kind to explore and compare the impact of psychological pricing on green products. The study also resolves a contradiction in past literature regarding the use of nine-ending prices by providing boundary conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chang, Ming-Hsu, and Wen-Bin Chiou. "Psychophysical Methods in Study of Consumers' Perceived Price Change for Food Products." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.643-652.

Full text
Abstract:
When adjusting product prices, marketers wish information concerning consumers' price perceptions. The present study aimed to develop an optimal pricing framework for food products by applying Weber's Law and Stevens' Power Law in psychophysics. The first phase attempted to measure the differential thresholds when magnitudes of prices were raised and lowered. The second phase was conducted to establish the psychophysical function representing perceived changes. Analysis showed consumers' differential thresholds were positively correlated with the initial price, consistent with Weber's Law. Further, participants' perceived change differed for increased and decreased prices. Products were perceived as cheaper only when medium-and low-priced products dropped dramatically in price. However, small reductions for the high-priced products were perceived as cheaper. Regardless of price changes, participants perceived products were more expensive when prices dropped by a small amount.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bangalee, Varsha, and Fatima Suleman. "Has the increase in the availability of generic drugs lowered the price of cardiovascular drugs in South Africa?" Health SA Gesondheid 21 (October 11, 2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v21i0.935.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: This research focuses on pharmaceutical competition in South Africa where concurrent pricing legislation is being implemented without monitoring the consequences on generic drug competition and usage.Objective: To examine the relationship between originator drug prices and the number of generic brands within the cardiovascular class of drugs and to compare South African prices with international reference prices.Method: Data on private sector drug prices was sourced from the South African Medicine Price Registry. The relationship between the median proportional price and the number of brands in the therapeutic class was analysed using correlation analysis. International reference prices were obtained from the Management Sciences for Health International Drug Price Indicator Guide (2012 edition).Results: A weak correlation between originator and generic drug prices and the number of available brands was observed, the exception being diuretic drugs. The median prices per strength of the originator generic were still higher than the most expensive generic version manufactured by any other company, the exception being telmisartan. Comparison of price ratios between the originator drug, lowest priced generic and international reference price values revealed that the originator drug prices had a median price ratio of 20.99 (interquartile range 7.31—53.46) and the lowest priced generics had a median price ratio of 4.28 (interquartile range 2.10—8.47).Conclusion: Increased generic competition is not a predictor of lower drug prices. The study also concludes that the current South African pharmaceutical policies have not yet achieved the lowest prices for drugs when compared internationally.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bulfone, Liliana. "High prices for generics in Australia — more competition might help." Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090200.

Full text
Abstract:
It is commonly believed that dispensed prices of medicines in Australia are substantially lower than those in other developed countries, particularly the US. This article reports the results of an analysis comparing dispensed prices for the most commonly prescribed and the highest cost items in Australia with dispensed prices in the US. Although a large majority of items are less expensive in Australia than in the US, Australian prices are higher for a substantial number of products, particularly generic drugs. This article examines various policies affecting the pricing of generics in Australia. It is postulated that the main cause for higher prices for a substantial number of generic products is the lack of price competition. This results from government policy which ensures that a price reduction by one company is communicated immediately to all competitors in that market along with an invitation to match the reduced price. The dominant strategy for all suppliers is to only reduce their price in response to a reduction in price by a competitor. The result is a lack of differentiation in pricing across brands of a medicine on the Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits. The government could improve the structure of the generics market and encourage greater competition by ceasing to disclose competitor firms? offers to other competitors. The government could conduct pricing reviews of each generic product relatively infrequently (eg, only once annually or every 18 months). At the time of the pricing review, the government would request confidential offers on price for a generic from all players in the market. Brands should then all be listed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) at the offered price. Prices offered by the individual supplier would apply until the next pricing review. The PBS would continue to subsidise up to the price of the lowest priced brand, with brand premiums applying to all brands priced higher than the benchmark price. Such an approach would provide opportunity for players in the market to capture market share by being the lowest priced brand.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Busaba, Walid Y., Zheng Liu, and Felipe Restrepo. "Do Underwriters Price Up IPOs to Prevent Withdrawal?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 6 (August 9, 2019): 2005–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109019000553.

Full text
Abstract:
We examine whether underwriters price up weakly demanded initial public offerings (IPOs) to prevent withdrawal. Our empirical strategy exploits a discontinuity in the distribution of IPO prices around the low boundary of the filing range. Offerings with a high ex ante withdrawal probability that are priced at this boundary are likely priced up to meet issuers’ reservation prices. We compare the aftermarket returns of these IPOs to the returns of other weakly demanded offerings where issuers’ reservation prices were likely not binding, and we identify a negative 8.4-percentage-point differential attributable to the aggressive pricing inherent in setting the price at the low boundary when withdrawal risk is high.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wang, Qiming. "Evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket." Nankai Business Review International 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2014-0008.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, using a large sample of NASDAQ initial public offerings (IPOs), examine the evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket trading. Design/methodology/approach – Consistent with Harris’s (1991) costly negotiation hypothesis, clustering on integer prices is a positive function of price level and various stock valuation uncertainty proxies, and it is a negative function of trading activities for IPOs and seasoned stocks. Findings – It was found that, after controlling for price level, daily return volatility, number of trades, trading volume, number of market makers and the effect of price support, the integer price frequency of IPOs converge to that of seasoned stocks immediately, and whether IPOs have integer offer prices does not affect their integer price clustering in the aftermarket trading after the effect of price support is controlled for. Originality/value – These results suggest that the IPO pricing process significantly reduce the differences between integer priced IPOs and non-integer priced IPOs in pre-offering valuation uncertainty.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Prager, Elena. "Healthcare Demand under Simple Prices: Evidence from Tiered Hospital Networks." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 196–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20180422.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper shows that consumers respond to prices for complex healthcare when they can easily assess out-of-pocket prices. Healthcare cost containment efforts increasingly incentivize price shopping despite a dearth of evidence that this steers consumers toward lower-priced care for major medical services. I show that consumers shift toward lower-priced hospitals in the highly simplified price information environment of insurance plans with tiered hospital networks. Consumers observe a single predictable, well-defined price that applies to a broad range of services within each of at most three hospital tiers. Within three years, expected partial-equilibrium savings reach 8–17 percent of baseline spending. (JEL G22, H75, I11, I13)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pokrivčák, J., and M. Rajčaniová. "Crude oil price variability and its impact on ethanol prices." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 8 (August 23, 2011): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/42/2010-agricecon.

Full text
Abstract:
The world annual biofuel production has exceeded 100 billion litres in 2009. The development of the biofuel production is partly influenced by the government support programs and partly by the development of oil prices. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the statistical relationship between ethanol, gasoline and crude oil prices. We aim to check the correlation among these variables and to analyze the strength and direction of a possible linear relationship among the variables. We are interested in analyzing how each variable is related to another, so we evaluate the inter-relationship among the variables in the Vector Autoregression (VAR) and the Impulse Response Function (IRF). In order to achieve our goal, we first collected weekly data for each variable from January, 2000 to October, 2009. The results provide evidence of the cointegration relationship between oil and gasoline prices, but no cointegration between ethanol, gasoline and ethanol, oil prices. As a result, we used a VAR model on first differences. After running the Impulse Response Function, we found out that the impact of the oil price shock on the other variables is considerable larger than vice versa. The largest impact of oil price shock was observed on the price of gasoline.  
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lintunen, Jussi, and Lauri Vilmi. "Optimal Emission Prices Over the Business Cycles." Environmental and Resource Economics 80, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00581-x.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWe prove that under the most typical circumstances optimal emission prices are procyclical, i.e., prices should be lower during recessions. The procyclicality is more likely when emissions propagate very slowly into environmental damage. A prime example of such process is $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 emissions. We show that carbon prices should be closely linked to the fluctuations of the marginal utility of consumption, which implies relatively modest magnitude of carbon price fluctuations. Our findings imply that climate policies should focus on setting the carbon price to the optimal growth path level and give carbon price fluctuations only a secondary role. Opposite to the carbon price, the cyclicality of optimal emissions depends on the production technology in the energy sector, and may become countercyclical in future if the technology mix becomes less fossil dependent.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A price"

1

Fulton, Chad. "Sectoral Prices and Price-setting." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20495.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation explores the price-setting behavior of firms both theoretically and empirically. The first portion constructs a theoretical model of price-setting in which firms are rationally inattentive: they cannot perfectly attend to all sources of uncertainty. By accommodating multiple sources of uncertainty within the model, it is possible to reasonably calibrate key parameters of the model. This bolsters the case for rational inattention as a microfounded alternative to ad-hoc mechanisms in order to generate price-stickiness and it not only allows for multiple sectors but demonstrates why their introduction is important. The second portion contributes to the empirical literature exploring disaggregated price series. Taking into account the lessons from the theoretical model, a combination of dynamic factor and unobserved component models are applied to explicitly model heterogenous dynamic processes for sectoral prices. The key finding is that models with enforced homogenous dynamics are outperformed under a variety of criteria. More importantly, models with enforced homogenous dynamics can generate erroneous conclusions with respect to the speed of price responses to aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks. A large body of recent empirical work on price-setting, including the empirical exercise described above, estimates a dynamic factor model using a relatively simple and partially non-parametric method. This method is valid in large samples, but alternative parametric methods exist that may be more efficient in small samples. The final portion of this dissertation compares methods for the estimation of dynamic factor models, including non-parametric, classical, and Bayesian techniques. The results of a Monte Carlo experiment validate the use of the partially non-parametric method, but find that the Bayesian approach may provide weakly superior results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kane, Hayden. "Price Discovery Across Option and Equity Prices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325212.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper measures the channels by which private information is incorporated in prices in the equity and option markets. Using a mispricing events approach and conditioning on the option market being the cause of the mispricing event, I analyse the subsequent behaviour of both the options and equity markets and I find that options markets play an important role in the price discovery process. When conditioning on option caused mispricing events, the equity price adjusts towards the options price to reconcile the prices. I find that around 40% of the option caused mispricing events contain information, and the equity prices adjust 35-40%, depending on the exchange, of the maximum discrepancy before prices reconcile. When the equity market causes the mispricing, the option market follows due to the autoquote mechanism. Additionally, I use Monte Carlo to assess the suitability of the Hasbrouck (1995) Information Share and Gonzalo-Granger (1995) Component Share measures in the option-equity context. I find that neither metric is suitable, however the Putnins (2013) Information Leadership metric is and the options market has on average a 35% information leadership share.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chiu, Yu-him. "Price in the "birdcage" : an analysis of the price reform in the People's Republic of China since 1978 /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13204865.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Aulton, Anneliese Julia. "A theoretical and econometric analysis of agricultural futures markets and the implications for agricultural policy reform." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318297.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhumadilov, Daniyar. "Price stickiness: Durability, Cost of Price Adjustment and Price Memory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500057951315496.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Syed, Iqbal Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Understanding price movements : measurement of price rigidity and pure price change." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41019.

Full text
Abstract:
The primary focus of this thesis is on price movements at market levels. This thesis examines the measurement of two aspects of price movements: the degree of price rigidity and pure price change. Price is defined to be rigid if its response to a demand or cost shock is slow and the magnitude of adjustment is proportionately less than the shock. Price rigidity is one of the critical issues in the microfoundations of macroeconomics, and its importance has been documented at least since Keynes' (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Regarding pure price change, in many markets the measurement of pure price change is difficult to obtain because the observed prices are contaminated by quality and compositional changes in the products. The literature on price indexes emphasises the importance of accounting for quality change at the market level. These issues will be explored in this thesis. The chapters of this thesis provide distinct but complementary contributions to the literature of price movement. Chapter 2 uses vector error correction models to estimate the degree of price rigidity in the retail coffee markets of 17 different countries. A stylised fact that emerges from the work is that price adjustment typically occurs within two quarters after a shock is imposed. In terms of the magnitude of price changes, prices are found to be more rigid to cost shocks than to foreign shocks. Chapter 3 explores the extent to which products follow systematic pricing patterns over their life cycle and the impact this has on the measurement of inflation. A number of specifications of hedonic models have been applied to data on supermarket and electronic products. Strong evidence of systematic life cycle effects has been found. Chapter 4 develops an hedonic regression model to construct multilateral indexes-indexes that are consistent across time and space-in housing markets. The set-up of the hedonic model attains some desirable properties, both in terms of statistical and index number perspectives. Applied to house prices in Sydney, the model generated some interesting results, including that the cheaper regions exhibit greater price dynamics than the more expensive regions. Some potential areas for further research are also considered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Acree, E. Bryan. "Volatility spillovers in international equity markets." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30969.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Currie, Martin, and Ingrid Kubin. "Fixed price dynamics versus flexible price dynamics." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/114/1/document.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper contrasts the dynamical behaviors of fixed and flexible price regimes for a monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector in which firms base decisions on expectations about product demands. (author's abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

趙汝謙 and Yu-him Chiu. "Price in the "birdcage": an analysis of the price reform in the People's Republic of China since 1978." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210235.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ylinen, Linnea, and Aldina Dervic. "What determines housing prices? : Characteristic´s impact on prices using hedonic price model." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43736.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "A price"

1

MacQuigg, Donna. The price of pride. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Eurostat. Agricultural prices: Price indices and absolute prices. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Choe, Boum Jong. Commodity price forecasts and futures prices. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): World Bank, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Palestine: The prize and price of Zion. London: Cassell, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gabszewicz, J. Jaskold. Subjective price search and price competition. Louvain-la-Neuve: Center for Operations Research & Econometrics, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Parker, Thomas L. Price of Pride. America Star Books, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

(Narrator), Judith Ivey, ed. Calder Pride Low Price. HarperAudio, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Janet, Dailey. Calder Pride Low Price. HarperAudio, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Neumann, Peter J., Joshua T. Cohen, and Daniel A. Ollendorf. The Right Price. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512883.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
New medications can provide substantial benefits, but high prescription drug prices have led to calls to contain costs. Even after accounting for discounts and rebates, average prices of leading brand-name drugs in the United States are two to four times higher than in other wealthy countries, raising questions about what these higher prices are buying us. With the advent of ever more targeted and powerful treatments, including cell- and gene-based therapies with multimillion dollar price tags, the need for sensible drug pricing policies will intensify. Price controls, common in other countries, seem appealing, but these measures can discourage innovation. Moreover, on what basis should policymakers develop such controls? This book argues that pricing prescription drugs to reflect the value they bring to patients, families, and society achieves the right balance. The book reviews the distinguishing features of the prescription drug market and explains why simple solutions like price controls and importing drugs from countries with lower drug prices are problematic without explicit assessments of value. It then describes how economists measure value, how value assessment for drugs is now being used in the United States, and what must happen going forward to overcome challenges.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Foreign price directory (suggested prices). Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "A price"

1

Mellor, John W. "Prices and Price Policy." In Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation, 135–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65259-7_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hannagan, Tim. "Price." In Marketing for the Non-profit Sector, 127–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11632-4_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "Price." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1066. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3494.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kucuk, S. Umit. "Price." In Visualizing Marketing, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48027-5_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lancaster, Geoff, and Paul Reynolds. "Price." In Marketing, 169–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-37409-6_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Holloway, Joseph William, and Jianping Wu. "Price." In Red Meat Science and Production, 65–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7856-0_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pettinger, Richard. "Price." In Construction Marketing, 75–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14458-7_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lancaster, Geoff, and Paul Reynolds. "Price." In Marketing, 149–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14039-8_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Groucutt, Jonathan. "Price." In Foundations of Marketing, 249–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21227-5_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Stull, Edward. "Price." In UX Fundamentals for Non-UX Professionals, 181–93. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3811-0_27.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "A price"

1

Shanker, Latha, and Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan. "Do price limits inhibit futures prices?" In Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2008.4536459.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rowlands, David Olusina, and Mark Savill. "Gas Turbine Engine Price Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7141.

Full text
Abstract:
Gas turbine engine prices vary widely. Any organisation planning to invest in a project involving the use of gas turbine engines, as prime mover, must perform a robust economic analysis to guide the organisations investment decisions. One major element that could greatly influence the outcome of an economic analysis, and eventual organisational decisions and planning, is gas turbine engine acquisition price. This study applies artificial neural networks to estimate gas turbine engine price. A supervised network learning strategy has been adopted to train the network from a dataset of historical records of gas turbine engine performance parameters and engine price. Numerical gradient checking has been performed to validate the computed cost function with quantified similarity obtained in the order of 10−9. The challenge of neural network overfitting has been minimized by applying a regularization technique. As such, the developed network closes reflects real world observations. To validate the network predictions, the developed neural network has been used to estimate the price of known gas turbine engine units with 95% to 99.9% accuracy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, and Zehra Meliha Tengiz. "A Study on Beef Price in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02213.

Full text
Abstract:
Beef prices in Turkey is increased for long time. That outcome is caused to find out the reasons which are variables related to beef prices. The target of this study is to clarify relationship of beef price and its independent variables with a regression model. Data analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Based on the model’s equation, the independent variables which are average world beef unit price (USD), per capita beef consumption in Turkey (kg), government livestock incentives (TRY), consumer price index on beef (%), exchange rate (USD/TRY), real effective exchange rate (%) and gross domestic national product (%) are found as direct proportion with beef prices. On the other hand, poultry meat as an alternative to beef has inverse proportion with the prices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Algan, Neşe, Erhan İşcan, Duygu Serin Oktay, and Duygu Kara. "Impact of Energy Price Volatility on Macroeconomic Performance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01892.

Full text
Abstract:
Last two decades witnessed increasingly volatile international markets with the many financial crises. Concurrently, volatility in energy prices and energy markets cause various adverse impacts on both national and world economies. Especially this volatility affected emerging markets and increased the fragility of the emerging economies. Because of the adverse impacts of this volatility, understanding the price behavior and impact of volatility of energy prices on economy became crucial for every economic agent in the economy including policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers. The relationship between energy prices and macroeconomic performance has been studied widely as a consequence its long term macroeconomic impacts to world economies. Differently, the aim of this study is analyzing the effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic indicators of Turkey. For that purpose, we employed a GARCH model to investigate effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic performance for Turkey from 2002 to 2016. We use various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators data for the period from January 2002 to December 2016, obtained from the IFS and CBRT-EDDS. By applying GARCH methodology to various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators, we contribute to the understanding of price volatility in energy markets, and suggest policies that would be of use to policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Karcıoğlu, Reşat, Muhammet Özcan, and Ensar Ağırman. "The Relationship of Petroleum Price and BIST Sector Indexes." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01878.

Full text
Abstract:
Energy is not only indispensable element of everyday life, but also underlies industrialization and manufacturing. Energy and manufacturing have become integral parts with the importance of mechanization since the Industrial Revolution. As a result of this emerging situation, businesses, have become sensitive energy and energy prices. For this reason, changes in energy prices directly affect businesses and are thought to have effects on fluctuations in stock prices. Changes in the prices of primary energy sources directly or indirectly affect capital markets. In energy importer countries including Turkey, high energy prices cause an increase in current account deficit and decrease in real national income by increasing the amount of energy imports. In addition, high energy prices lead to cost-based inflation increases as they directly affect raw material prices used in production. All these factors indirectly affect capital markets. Direct effect of energy price changes on the capital market is explained by the fact that energy is an indispensable input in industrial production. In cases where the energy price increase is not reflected to the consumer, the profitability of the enterprise is decreasing. A decrease in profitability affects firm's stock price as well. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sector indices in the Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) and oil price changes. Weekly data set for the period for 2006:1 - 2016:4 is used. Johannes co-integration method is used to measure long term relationship in the study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jung, Lee-Sang, and Jung-Hee Han. "Relationships Between Trust, Product Prices, Price Discounts, and Price Premiums in the Online Open Marketplace." In Business 2013. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2013.34.07.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yabe, Akihiro, Shinji Ito, and Ryohei Fujimaki. "Robust Quadratic Programming for Price Optimization." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/648.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of price optimization is to maximize total revenue by adjusting the prices of products, on the basis of predicted sales numbers that are functions of pricing strategies. Recent advances in demand modeling using machine learning raise a new challenge in price optimization, i.e., how to manage statistical errors in estimation. In this paper, we show that uncertainty in recently-proposed prescriptive price optimization frameworks can be represented by a matrix normal distribution. For this particular uncertainty, we propose novel robust quadratic programming algorithms for conservative lower-bound maximization. We offer an asymptotic probabilistic guarantee of conservativeness of our formulation. Our experiments on both artificial and actual price data show that our robust price optimization allows users to determine best risk-return trade-offs and to explore safe, profitable price strategies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jamil, Syafiqah, Thuraiya Mohd, Suraya Masrom, and Norbaya Ab Rahim. "Machine Learning Price Prediction on Green Building Prices." In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications (ISIEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isiea49364.2020.9188114.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lii, Yuan-Shuh, and Chieh Lun Lin. "The Effects of Product Line Prices and Competitors' Prices on Consumers’ Evaluations of Reference Price Advertisements." In Japan International Business and Management Research Conference. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jibm.v1i1.218.

Full text
Abstract:
This study presents empirical evidence on the effect of product-line prices and competitors' prices on consumers' price judgments as well as on consumers' use of advertised reference price (A.R.P.) as reference across two product categories. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design experiment, the findings indicated that consumers did not consider product line prices as an important reference. Competitors' prices were found to be a significant reference in the case of frequently purchased product categories. The moderating roles of product line prices and competitors' prices in reference price advertisements were not found. A.R.P. still exerted the greatest influence on consumers' evaluations of a promotional offer across two product categories.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liang, Ma. "Price point and price rigidity: One micro-basis of price rigidity theory." In Business Management and Electronic Information. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5921054.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "A price"

1

Dorosh, Paul A., Jenny Smart, Bart Minten, and David Stifel. Droughts, cereal prices, and price stabilization options. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896296916_09.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chevalier, Judith, and Anil Kashyap. Best Prices: Price Discrimination and Consumer Substitution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20768.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cortazar, Gonzalo, Cristobal Millard, Hector Ortega, and Eduardo Schwartz. Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices and Pricing Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22991.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Heal, Geoffrey. Price Uncertainty and Price-Contingent Securities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23723.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Vélez-Velásquez, Juan Sebastián. Banning Price Discrimination under Imperfect Competition: Evidence from Colombia's Broadband. Banco de la República de Colombia, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1148.

Full text
Abstract:
Economic theory is inconclusive regarding the effects of banning third-degree price discrimination under imperfect competition because they depend on how the competing firms rank their market segments. When, relative to uniform pricing, all competitors want higher prices in the same market segments, a ban on price discrimination will reduce profits and benefit some consumers at the expense of others. If, instead, some firms want to charge higher prices in segments where their competitors want to charge lower prices, price discrimination increases competition driving all prices down. In this case, forcing the firms to charge uniform prices can increase their profits and reduce consumer surplus. We use data on Colombian broadband subscriptions to estimate the demand for internet services. Estimated preferences and assumptions about competition are used to simulate a scenario in which firms lose their ability to price discriminate. Our results show large effects on consumer surplus and large effects on firms’ profits. Aggregate profits increase but the effects for individual firms are heterogeneous. The effects on consumer welfare vary by city. In most cities, a uniform price regime causes large welfare transfers from low-income households towards high-income households and in a few cities, prices in all segments rise. Poorer households respond to the increase in prices by subscribing to internet plans with slower download speed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Anderson, Kym, Maros Ivanic, and Will Martin. Food Price Spikes, Price Insulation and Poverty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19530.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nishimura, Kiyohiko, Fukujyu Yamazaki, Takako Idee, and Toshiaki Watanabe. Distortionary Taxation, Excessive Price Sensitivity, and Japanese Land Prices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7254.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Barsky, Robert, Christopher House, and Miles Kimball. Do Flexible Durable Goods Prices Undermine Sticky Price Models? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9832.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dana, James, and Kevin Williams. Intertemporal Price Discrimination in Sequential Quantity-Price Games. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26794.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kravis, Irving, and Robert Lipsey. National Price Levels and the Prices of Tradables and Nontradables. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2536.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'A price' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography