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Academic literature on the topic 'A Single Injection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "A Single Injection"

1

Jeftić, Marko, Zhenyi Yang, Graham T. Reader, and Ming Zheng. "Fuel efficiency analysis and peak pressure rise rate improvement for neat n-butanol injection strategies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 1 (2016): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016632141.

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Engine tests were conducted to investigate the efficiency and the peak pressure rise rate performance of different fuel injection strategies for the direct injection of neat n-butanol in a compression ignition engine. Three different strategies were tested: a single-shot injection; a pilot injection; a post-injection. A single-shot injection timing sweep revealed that early injections had the highest indicated efficiency while late injections reduced the peak pressure rise rate at the cost of a slightly reduced thermal efficiency. Delayed single-shot injections also had increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. Addition of a pilot injection had a negative effect on the peak pressure rise rate. Because of the low cetane number of butanol and the relatively lean and well-premixed air–fuel mixture, the pilot injection failed to autoignite and instead ignited simultaneously with the main injection. This resulted in slightly increased peak pressure rise rates and significantly increased unburned butanol hydrocarbon emissions. Conversely, the use of an early post-injection produced a noticeable engine power output and allowed the main injection to be shortened and the peak pressure rise rate to be substantially reduced. However, relatively early post-injections slightly reduced the indicated efficiency and increased the nitrogen oxide emissions and the carbon monoxide emissions compared with the single-shot injection strategy. These results recommended the use of a single-shot injection for low loads and medium loads owing to a superior thermal efficiency and suggested that the application of a post-injection may be more suited to high-load conditions because of the substantially reduced peak pressure rise rates.

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2

Jiang, X., and J. Jiang. "Single infraclavicular injection." British Journal of Anaesthesia 108, no. 3 (2012): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes006.

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Jansen, Jos R. C., Jan J. Schreuder, Jos J. Settels, et al. "Single Injection Thermodilution." Anesthesiology 85, no. 3 (1996): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199609000-00006.

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Background Application of the Stewart-Hamilton equation in the thermodilution technique requires flow to be constant. In patients in whom ventilation of the lungs is controlled, flow modulations may occur leading to large errors in the estimation of mean cardiac output. Methods To eliminate these errors, a modified equation was developed. The resulting flow-corrected equation needs an additional measure of the relative changes of blood flow during the period of the dilution curve. Relative flow was computed from the pulmonary artery pressure with use of the pulse contour method. Measurements were obtained in 16 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. In 11 patients (group A), pulmonary artery pressure was measured with a catheter tip transducer, in a partially overlapping group of 11 patients (group B), it was measured with a fluid-filled system. For reference cardiac output we used the proven method of four uncorrected thermodilution estimates equally spread over the ventilatory cycle. Results A total of 208 cardiac output estimates was obtained in group A, and 228 in group B. In group B, 48 estimates could not be corrected because of insufficient pulmonary artery pressure waveform quality from the fluid-filled system. Individual uncorrected Stewart-Hamilton estimates showed a large variability with respect to their mean. In group A, mean cardiac output was 5.01 l/min with a standard deviation of 0.53 l/min, or 10.6%. After flow correction, this scatter decreased to 5.0% (P &lt; 0.0001). With no bias, the corresponding limits of agreement decreased from +/- 1.06 to +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. In group B, the scatter decreased similarly and the limits of agreement also became +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. Conclusion It was concluded that a single thermodilution cardiac output estimate using the flow-corrected equation is clinically feasible. This is obtained at the cost of a more complex computation and an extra pressure measurement, which often is already available. With this technique it is possible to reduce the fluid load to the patient considerably.

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Kuo, Dr Hann-Chorng. "Repeated Onabotulinumtoxin-A Injections Provide Better Results than Single Injection in Treatment of Painful Bladder Syndrome." Pain Physician 1;16, no. 1;1 (2013): E15—E23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e15.

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Background: Onabotulinumtoxin-A (BoNT-A) is effective for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). However, long-term follow-up does not show successful outcome after a single injection. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections for treatment of IC/PBS and compare the success rates among patient groups receiving different injection numbers. Study Design: Prospective interventional study. Setting: Tertiary medical center. Methods: Intravesical injection of 100 U of BoNT-A was performed in 81 patients every 6 months for up to 4 times or until patients’ symptoms significantly improved. Patients who received a single injection served as active controls. Measured parameters included O’LearySant symptom indexes (ICSI) and problem indexes (ICPI), visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, voiding diary variables, urodynamic parameters, maximal bladder capacity under anesthesia, glomerulation grade, and global response assessment. Multiple measurements and KaplanMeier analysis were used for comparison of consecutive data and success rates among groups. Results: Among 81 patients, 20 received single injections, 19 received 2 injections, 12 received 3 injections, and 30 received 4 injections. The mean (± standard deviation) of ICSI, ICPI, total scores, VAS, functional bladder capacity, and daytime frequency all showed significant improvement after repeated BoNT-A treatment with different injections. Significantly better success rates were noted in patients who received 4 repeated injections (P = 0.0242) and 3 injections (P = 0.050), compared to those who received a single injection. However, there was no significant difference of long-term success rates among patients who received 2, 3, and 4 injections. Limitations: Lack of placebo control group is the main limitation. Conclusion: Repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections were safe and effective for pain relief and they increased bladder capacity and provided a better long-term success rate than a single injection did for treatment of IC/PBS. Key words: Botulinum toxin, IC/PBS, Intravesical treatment

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Tanikawa, Hiroki, Hitoshi Kagaya, Shota Itoh, et al. "Long-term repeated botulinum toxin a treatment over 12 years gradually changes gait characteristics: single-case study." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine - Clinical Communications 7 (September 3, 2024): jrmcc40827. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/jrm-cc.v7.40827.

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Objective: To demonstrate the long-term efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin A injections into the same muscles for ameliorating lower limb spasticity and gait function. Design: Single-case study Patient: A 36-year-old woman with right cerebral haemorrhage received her first botulinum toxin A injection 1,296 days after onset. The patient underwent 30 treatments over 12 years after the first injection to improve upper and lower limb spasticity and abnormal gait patterns. The mean duration between injections was 147 days. Methods: The Modified Ashworth Scale, passive range of motion, gait velocity, and degree of abnormal gait patterns during treadmill gait were evaluated pre-injection and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after every injection. Results: The follow-up period showed no injection-related adverse events. Comfortable overground gait velocity gradually improved over 30 injections. The Modified Ashworth Scale and passive range of motion improved after each injection. Pre-injection values of the degree of pes varus, circumduction, hip hiking, and knee extensor thrust improved gradually. However, the degree of contralateral vaulting, excessive lateral shift of the trunk, and insufficient knee flexion did not improve after 30 injections. Conclusion: Repeated botulinum toxin A injections effectively improve abnormal gait patterns, even when a single injection cannot change these values.

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Lewis, Emma, Khalid Merghani, Iain Robertson, et al. "The effectiveness of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma injections on symptomatic early osteoarthritis of the knee: the PEAK randomized controlled trial." Bone & Joint Journal 104-B, no. 6 (2022): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.104b6.bjj-2021-1109.r2.

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Aims Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular injections may provide a simple and minimally invasive treatment for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). This has led to an increase in its adoption as a treatment for knee OA, although there is uncertainty about its efficacy and benefit. We hypothesized that patients with early-stage symptomatic knee OA who receive multiple PRP injections will have better clinical outcomes than those receiving single PRP or placebo injections. Methods A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed with three groups receiving either placebo injections (Normal Saline), one PRP injection followed by two placebo injections, or three PRP injections. Each injection was given one week apart. Outcomes were prospectively collected prior to intervention and then at six weeks, three months, six months, and 12 months post-intervention. Primary outcome measures were Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and EuroQol five-dimension five-level index (EQ-5D-5L). Secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale for pain and patient subjective assessment of the injections. Results A total of 102 patients were recruited. The follow-up period was 12 months, at intervals of six weeks, 12 weeks, six months, and 12 months. KOOS-Total significantly improved in all groups at these time intervals compared to pre-injection. There was an improvement in EQ-5D-5L index scores in saline and single injection groups, but not in the multiple injection group. Comparison of treatment groups showed no additional beneficial effect of single or multiple PRP injections above that displayed in the saline injection group. Subjective patient satisfaction and recommendation of treatment received demonstrated a similar pattern in all the groups. There was no indication of superiority of either single or multiple PRP injections compared to saline injections. Conclusion There is no evidence that single or multiple PRP had any additional beneficial effect compared to saline injection up to 12 months, follow-up after treatment of early stage symptomatic OA of the knee. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(6):663–671.

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Nozaki, Kazuhiko, Yoshihiko Uemura, Shinichiro Okamoto, Haruhiko Kikuchi, and Noboru Mizuno. "Relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on cerebral arterial spasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 4 (1989): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.4.0558.

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✓ This study examines the relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid peptide with a potent vasodilator action, on cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The spasm was induced by injecting autologous arterial blood percutaneously into the cisterna magna in adult mongrel dogs. The single-injection model of SAH was produced by injection of 1.0 ml/kg body weight of blood (on Day 0), and the double-injection model involved two successive injections of 0.5 ml/kg body weight of blood made 48 hours apart (on Day 0 and Day 2). On vertebral angiograms, arterial narrowing of the major cerebral arteries was most prominent on Day 3 after SAH in the single-injection model and on Day 7 in the double-injection model. When 10−10 mol/kg of CGRP was administered intracisternally in the single-injection model on Day 3, the diameter of the spastic cerebral arteries, as determined by angiography, recovered to normal. After intracisternal administration of 10−11 to 2 × 10−10 mol/kg of CGRP on Day 7 in double-injection models, spastic cerebral arteries dilated in a dose-dependent manner. The dilatory effect of CGRP continued for a few hours after administration. The results suggest that CGRP injected intracisternally may reverse cerebral arterial spasm after SAH.

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Payne, R., D. W. Corson, A. Fein, and M. J. Berridge. "Excitation and adaptation of Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate result from a rise in intracellular calcium." Journal of General Physiology 88, no. 1 (1986): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.88.1.127.

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Single pressure injections of 1-10 pl of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) or inositol 4,5 bisphosphate [I(4,5)P2] excite Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inducing rapid bursts of inward current. After excitation by IP3, responses to subsequent injections of IP3 or light flashes are often reversibly diminished (adapted). Single injections of IP3 and I(4,5)P2 are effective at concentrations in the injecting pipette of 20 microM to 1 mM. Single injections of inositol 1,4 bisphosphate are ineffective at concentrations of 100-500 microM. Excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2 is accompanied by a rise in intracellular free calcium, as indicated by aequorin luminescence. Prior injection of calcium buffer solutions containing 100 mM EGTA greatly diminishes the total charge transferred across the plasma membrane during excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2, which suggests that a rise in Cai is necessary for excitation by the inositol polyphosphates. Adaptation of the response to light by IP3 is also abolished by prior injection of EGTA. In the same cells, the response to brief light flashes is slowed and diminished in amplitude by the injection of calcium buffer, but the charge transferred during the response is not significantly diminished. This suggests that light has access to a pathway of excitation in the presence of EGTA that is not accessible to intracellularly injected IP3.

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Guragol, Renuka, Yatish Bevinaguddaiah, Sadasivan S. Iyer, and Vinayak S. Pujari. "Single Injection versus Double Injection Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomised Comparative Study." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 5, no. 2 (2018): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5218.19.

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Djunaedi, Mohammad, Ristika Handarini, and Deasy Zamanti. "EFEKTIVITAS PENYUNTIKAN FSH SECARA SUBKUTAN DAN INTRAMUSKULAR TERHADAP RESPON SUPEROVULASI SAPI SIMENTAL." Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara 4, no. 1 (2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jpnu.v4i1.1512.

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Superovulation is a necessary technique to produce large number of embryos for embryo` transfer. Hormonal treatment is superovulation methode can be done by implant CIDR and injection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Experiment were carried out to observe the effectiveness of subcutaneous and intramuscular FSH injections on superovulation response in simmental cattle. All animal (n=10) were treated with intravaginal CIDR implant before FSH injection. Studies were devided into two experiment ie: P1 (400 mg FSH diluted in 4 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by single subcutan injection and P2 (400 mg FSH diluted in 20 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by twice daily intramuscular injection over 4 day in decreasing doses. The number of corposa luteal (CL), total embryos collected, and total transferable embryos were observed in this experiment. Data were analyzed by T-test method. The result showed that effectiveness of single subcutan FSH injection were significanthy different (P < 0,05) than intramuscular FSH injection superovulation with single subcutan FSH injetcion is easier than twice daily intramuscular injection in decreasy dose. In conclusion the average of CL (21,4 ± 3,6) and number of tranferable embryo (71,96 %) of the single subcutan FSH injection tended to be better than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan FSH injection more efficient than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan injection can decreasing sterss level in the cattle and be easier in handling the cattle during the experiment.Keywords: Simmental cattle, FSH, superovulation, single subcutan injection, intramuscular injection.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A Single Injection"

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Bhamidipati, Harini. "SINGLE TROJAN INJECTION MODEL GENERATION AND DETECTION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1253543191.

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Davies, Alan Edward. "Single boundary measurements in flow analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387027.

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Herfatmanesh, Mohammad Reza. "Investigation of single and split injection strategies in an optical diesel engine." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4776.

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This study investigates the effects of a split injection strategy on combustion performance and exhaust emissions in a high speed direct injection optical diesel engine. The investigation is focused on the effects of injection timing, quantity, and the dwell angle between the injections using commercially available diesel fuel. Three different split injection strategies including 50:50, 30:70, and 70:30 have been investigated. Additionally, the effect of total injected fuel quantity using total fuel quantities of 10 mm3 and 20 mm3 has been investigated. Moreover, the effect of variable and fixed dwell angle in split injections has been examined for five different values between 5o CA and 25o CA in the case of variable and 10o CA for the fixed dwell timing. The last parameter investigated was the injection timing, nine injection timings have been tested for each of the strategies. A Ricardo Hydra single cylinder optical engine running at 1500 rpm was used in this investigation. Conventional methods such as direct in-cylinder pressure measurements and heat release rate analysis have been employed. In addition, optical techniques such as high speed video imaging and two-colour have been applied, aimed at in depth analysis of the effects of the aforementioned parameters on engine performance and emissions. Furthermore, a significant amount of effort was devoted to the development and application of the Laser Induced Excipex Fluorescence (LIEF) technique so that simultaneous fuel liquid and fuel vapour distribution could be visualised. This investigation concludes that split injection strategies have the potential to reduce diesel exhaust emissions while maintaining a good level of fuel economy, provided that injection timings and the dwell angle between injections are appropriately selected. Further investigations are required in order to examine the effect of split injection under different engine operating conditions and speeds. In addition, the effect of alternative fuels must be considered. Moreover, the application of LIEF technique for quantitative fuel vapour concentration measurement should be considered through further optimisation of the LIEF system and careful calibration experiments.

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Lai, Yi-Ying. "Injection-locked Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577280.

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High-power, single-frequency, narrow-linewidth lasers emitting at tailored wavelength are desired for many applications, especially for precision spectroscopy. By way of a free-space resonator, optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs), a.k.a. vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs), can provide near diffraction-limited, high-quality Gaussian beams and are scalable in output power. Free space resonators also allow the insertion of the birefringent filter and the etalon to enforce single-frequency operation. In addition, the emission wavelengths of OPSLs are tailorable through bandgap engineering. These advantages above make OPSL a strong candidate of laser sources for spectroscopic applications including atomic spectroscopy as well as optical lattice clocks. In this research, a single-frequency laser source with high power is demonstrated by applying the injection-locking technique on OPSLs for the first time. The behaviors of the injection-locked OPSL are studied by varying parameters such as output coupling, injection wavelengths and injection power. It was found that the best injection wavelength is by approximately 2 nm shorter than the free-running slave laser at any given pump power. Below the lasing threshold for free-running operation, the laser starts the stimulated emission process as soon as it is pumped, working as a resonant amplifier. With proper parameters, the output power of the injection-locked laser exceeds the output power of its free-running condition. Over 9 W of single-frequency output power at 1015 nm is achieved. The output beam is near-diffraction-limited with Mₓ² = 1.04 and My² = 1.02. By analyzing the surface photoluminescence (PL) and the output performance of the laser, the saturation intensity of OPSLs is estimated to be 100 kW/cm² when the passive loss of 1.4% is assumed. The injection-locked system adds fairly low phase noise to that of the master laser. By measuring the beat note between the master laser and the injection-locked laser, the RMS values of the phase noise are 0.112 rad and 0.081 rad when using the T = 3% and T = 4% output couplers respectively.

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Alavian, Sayyed Ahmad. "Modeling CO2 Injection in Fractured Reservoirs Using Single Matrix Block Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17374.

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In this thesis, CO2 injection in matrix/fracture systems has been studied using a finely-gridded compositional simulator representing a single matrix block. Three laboratory experiments were modeled to investigate whether CO2 injection in a fracture-matrix system could be simulated using commercial simulators that include basic fluid flow physics, phase behavior, and molecular diffusion. The first experiment was performed by Karimaie (2007) using an equilibrium, saturated gas-oil fluid system (C1-n-C7) at 220 bar and 85 oC. Because no recovery was expected from non-equilibrium thermodynamic mass transfer, reported recovery stemmed only from Darcy displacement driven by gravity and capillary forces. When the oil production stopped from the equilibrium gas displacement, a second injection period with pure CO2 followed. The numerical modeling was conducted using a compositional reservoir simulator (SENSOR) without diffusion. The 2-dimensional r-z model used fine grids for the core matrix and surrounding fracture. Automated history matching was used to determine parameters which were not accurately known (fracture permeability, fracture and matrix porosity, and separator conditions), using surface volumetric oil production rates reported experimentally. The final model match was relatively unique with a high degree of confidence in final model parameters. The oil recovery improved significantly with CO2 injection. Our model indicated that the recovery mechanism in the Karimaie experiment was dominated, for both equilibrium gas and CO2 injection, by top-to-bottom Darcy displacement caused by low conductivity in the artificial fracture; little impact of capillary-gravity displacement was found. Changes in CO2 injection rate had a significant impact on recovery performance. This experiment was also modeled using ECL300, with the same production performance as SENSOR for the set of history-match parameters determined without diffusion. When molecular diffusion was used in ECL300, results were nearly identical with those found without diffusion. Two other experiments were performed by Darvish (2007) at a higher temperature and pressure (130 oC and 300 bara) using a similar chalk and live reservoir oil. A similar modeling approach to that described above was also used for these experiments. In both experiments, the matching process based on reported oil production data gave a high degree of confidence in the model. The reported experimental mass fractions of produced-stream components were also matched well. Our modeling study indicates that gravity drainage affects the displacement process, but that mass transfer – including vaporization, condensation and molecular diffusion – also impact the recovery performance of CO2 injection in the Darvish experiments. The CO2 injection rate and initial water saturation were investigated by comparing the two Darvish experiments. Our studies from all of the Karimaie and Darvish experiments show a strong influence of the surface separator temperature on surface oil production, and this is an important consideration in designing and interpreting laboratory production data consistently. Once the laboratory recovery mechanisms had been successfully modeled, predictive numerical simulation studies were conducted on field-scale matrix/fractured systems, albeit mostly for single matrix blocks surrounded by a fracture. The effects of several key parameters on recovery production performance were studied in detail for field-scale systems: matrix permeability, matrix block size, matrix-matrix capillary continuity (stacked blocks), and the use of mixtures containing CO2 and hydrocarbon gas. The field-scale results were affected by gridding, so grid was refined to the degree necessary to achieve a more-or-less converged solution – i.e. recovery production performance didn’t change with further refinement. We studied the effect of molecular diffusion on oil recovery by CO2 injection in laboratory experiments and field-scale systems. Because the fluid systems considered had complex phase behavior and a wide range of conditions from strongly immiscible to near-miscible, the diffusion driving potential used was total component potential including chemical and gravity effects; concentrationdriven diffusion did not represent the more-complex non-equilibrium CO2 injection processes observed in the laboratory tests. A key result of this study was that diffusion can have an important effect on oil recovery, and that this effect varies with matrix block size and CO2 injection rate. We have shown that diffusion has a dominant effect on the recovery mechanism in experimental tests, except at very low rates of CO2 injection (and equilibrium hydrocarbon gas injection). For the field-scale matrix/fracture systems, diffusion can have a significant effect on the rate of recovery, with the effect becoming noticeable for low reservoir pressures and/or matrix block sizes less than ~40 ft.

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Rodríguez, Álvaro Díez. "Investigation of split injection in a single cylinder optical diesel engine." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3666.

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Over the last decade, the diesel engine has made dramatic progress in its performance and market penetration. However, in order to meet future emissions legislations, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions will need to be reduced simultaneously. Nowadays researchers are focused on different combustion modes like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) which have a great potential for both low soot and low NOx. In order to achieve these combustion modes, different injection strategies have been investigated. This study investigates the effects of split injection strategies with high levels of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on combustion performance and emissions in a high speed direct injection optical diesel engine. The investigation is focused on the effects of split injections at different injection pressures, injection timings and dwell angles using base diesel and biodiesel fuels. The effect of fuel properties has been also investigated as an attempt to reduce regulated exhaust emissions in diesel engines. Performance, emissions and combustion characteristics have been examined for two different biodiesel fuels, namely BTL 50 and BTL 46. A Ricardo Hydra single cylinder optical engine was used in which conventional experimental methods like cylinder pressure data, heat release analysis and exhaust emissions analysis were applied. Optical techniques like direct spray and combustion visualization were applied by means of a high speed imaging system with a copper vapour laser illumination system. A high-speed two-colour system has been developed and implemented to obtain in-cylinder diesel combustion temperature and soot measurements to gain better understanding of the mixture formation and combustion processes. This investigation concludes that the split injection strategies show potential to achieve low emissions combustion.

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Wiley, Paris D. "Fault tolerant design verification through the use of laser fault injection." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000226.

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Jaksic, Marko Dragoljub. "Identification of small-signal dq impedances of power electronics converters via single-phase wide-bandwidth injection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51222.

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AC and DC impedances of switching power converters are used for the stability analysis of modern power electronics systems at three-phase AC and single-phase DC interfaces. Therefore, a small-signal characterization algorithm for switching power converter, which is based on FFT, will be presented and explained. The presented extraction algorithm is general and can be used to obtain other small-signal transfer functions of arbitrary power converter switching simulation models. Furthermore, FFT algorithm is improved by using cross power spectral density functions for identification, resulting in an algorithm, which is more noise immune. Both small-signal identification algorithms are validated in simulations, and CPSD algorithm is used in experimental measurement procedure. Several wide bandwidth injection signals, among which are chirp, multi-tone, pulse and white noise, are compared and theoretically analyzed. Several hardware examples are included in the analysis. The second part of the dissertation will focus on the modeling of small-signal input dq admittance of multi-pulse diode rectifiers, providing comparison between well-known averaged value models (AVMs), parametric averaged value models (PAVM), the switching simulation model and hardware measurements. Analytical expressions for all four admittances present in the dq matrix are derived and analyzed in depth, revealing the accuracy range of the averaged models. Furthermore, a hardware set-up is built, measured and modeled, showing that the switching simulation model captures nonlinear sideband effects accurately. In the end, a multi-pulse diode rectifier feeding a constant power load is analyzed with modified AVM and through detailed simulations of switching model, proving effectiveness of the proposed modifications. The third part describes implementation and design of a single-phase multi-level single-phase shunt current injection converter based on cascaded H-bridge topology. Special attention is given toward the selection of inductors and capacitors, trying to optimize the selected component values and fully utilize operating range of the converter. The proposed control is extensively treated, including inner current, outer voltage loop and voltage balancing loops. The designed converter is constructed and integrated with measurement system, providing experimental verification. The proposed multi-level single-phase converter is a natural solution for single-phase shunt current injection with the following properties: modular design, capacitor energy distribution, reactive element minimization, higher equivalent switching frequency, capability to inject higher frequency signals, suitable to perturb higher voltage power systems and capable of generating cleaner injection signals. Finally, a modular interleaved single-phase series voltage injection converter, consisting of multiple paralleled H-bridges is designed and presented. The decoupling control is proposed to regulate ac injection voltage, providing robust and reliable strategy for series voltage injection. The designed converter is simulated using detailed switching simulation model and excellent agreement between theory and simulation results are obtained. The presented control analysis treats different loads, examining robustness of the circuit to load variations. Simulation model and hardware prototype results verify the effectiveness of the proposed wide-bandwidth identification of small-signal dq impedances via single-phase injections.<br>Ph. D.

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Wyman, Sandra J. "An optical method for measuring injection timing in diesel engines, using a single port." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44031.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis is the design of a laser-induced fluorescence technique for use in the characterization of the fuel injection delay of various fuels, due to differences in bulk modulus. The technique is designed to work with an operational diesel engine having readily accessible glow-plug ports. The optical adapter designed for use through the glow-plug port is used as both the transmitting port for the excitation signal and the receiving port for the fluorescence signal. The prototype system was installed on a Detroit Diesel 3–53 two-stroke diesel engine. The beginning of the injection cycle is measured by a proximity probe set to detect injector compression to the point where the injector chamber is sealed. The actual entry of fuel into the cylinder is measured using laser induced fluorescence of an organic laser dye seeded fuel, excited by a 532-nm laser. The time/crank angle delay from the start of fuel compression to fuel entry into the cylinder can then be correlated to bulk modulus and cetane number. The combustion event can also be detected using the same optics and its timing correlated with known fuel properties.

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Al-Hosiny, Najm M. "Nonlinear dynamics of a distributed feedback laser subject to single and dual optical injection." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434393.

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Books on the topic "A Single Injection"

1

Vaireanu, D. I. Dispersion assessment of a single-line flow injection analysis system without chemical reaction. UMIST, 1995.

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G, Guzman A., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., and University of Arizona. Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources., eds. Summary of air permeability data from single-hole injection tests in unsaturated fractured tuffs at the Apache Leap research site: Results of steady-state test interpretation. Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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Kaisuwan, Pisut. Effect of vortex circulation on injectant from a single film-cooling hole and a row of film-cooling holes in a turbulent boundary layer, part 2: injection beneath the vortex upwash. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Craig, Douglas William. Effect of vortex circulation on injectant from a single film-cooling hole and a row of film-cooling holes in a turbulent boundary layer: Part 1: injection beneath the vortex downwash. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Misra, V. Peter, and Santiago Catania. EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0026.

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This chapter explains the mechanism by which botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes its neuromuscular paralytic effects, and reviews the developments that led these effects to be harnessed therapeutically. It specifically focuses upon the conditions of dystonia and spasticity. Within the spectrum of these diseases, it discusses those situations where BoNT injections are the treatment of choice. The very accurate targeting of BoNT into specific muscles in many situations is both desirable and crucial in some situations BoNT’s therapeutic neuroparalytic effect may need to be restricted to a single muscle fascicle.. In some cases, an inaccurately placed injection may be associated with unacceptable side effects. In order to achieve accuracy of BoNT injection delivery, intramuscular injections of BoNT aided by electromyography (EMG) guidance allows the very accurate targeting of specific muscles. The practical aspects related to the preparation of BoNT for injection and the methodology and techniques for injecting using EMG guidance are discussed. The importance of good anatomical knowledge and the relevant EMG techniques to target individual muscles are highlighted and applied to injection of muscles in different body areas. Finally, certain diagnostic neurophysiological tests, which may be useful for the management of some neurological conditions that are treated by BoNT are briefly discussed.

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Uenzelmann, Silke. Untersuchungen zur glomerulären Filtrationsrate im Kindesalter mittels single-injection Inulin-Clearance unter Berücksichtigung der renalen Reservekapazität. 1996.

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Updates to Simulation of a Single-Element Lean-Direct Injection Combustor Using a Polyhedral Mesh Derived from Hanging-Node Elements. Independently Published, 2019.

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Sabharwal, Nikant, Chee Yee Loong, and Andrew Kelion. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199206445.003.0012.

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Introduction to cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) 212PET instrumentation (1) 214PET instrumentation (2) 216Radiopharmaceuticals for cardiac PET (1) 218Radiopharmaceuticals for cardiac PET (2) 220Interpretation and clinical significance of cardiac PET studies 222As in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) involves the injection of a radiopharmaceutical, the physiological properties of which determine its distribution within the patient. The labelling radionuclide then allows this distribution to be imaged. In contrast to SPECT, the positron-emitting radionuclides used in PET produce pairs of high energy 511keV ...

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Han, Chang Dae. Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 2: Polymer Processing. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187830.001.0001.

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Volume 2 presents the fundamental principles related to polymer processign operations including the processing of thermoplastic polymers and thermosets. The objective of this volume is not to provide recipies that necessarily guarantee better product quality. Rather, emphasis is placed on presenting a fundamental approach to effectively analyze processing operations. The specific polymer processing operations for thermoplastics include plasticating single-screw extrusion, morphology evolution during compounding of polymer blends, compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends, wire coating extrusion, fiber spinning, tubular film blowing, coextrusion, and thermoplastic foam extrusion. The specific polymer processing operations for thermosets include reaction injection molding, pultrusion of fiber-reinforced thermosets, and compression molding of thermoset composites.

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Kahn, S. Lowell. Techniques for Forming Large Reverse Curve Catheters. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0063.

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Reverse curve catheters facilitate catheterization of vessels angled oppositely from the point of access. Most commonly, they are used to access caudally angulated vessels from a femoral approach. An array of these catheters exists, and their utilization greatly expands the options for intervention from any single access. Once formed, the catheters are gently advanced forward until their tip engages the vessel of interest, typically confirmed with an injection of contrast under live fluoroscopy. Engagement of the vessel is then performed by advancing a guidewire into the vessel of interest and retracting the catheter to seat the tip more distally within the vessel, providing a stable access. This chapter reviews four techniques for forming large reverse curve catheters.

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Book chapters on the topic "A Single Injection"

1

Shrimpton, John. "Single Charged Drop Stability, Evaporation and Combustion." In Charge Injection Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00294-6_4.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Injection and Extraction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_9.

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AbstractIn transferring the beam from one accelerator to another, preservation of the beam properties is essential. Injection should be accomplished with minimum beam loss and often minimal emittance dilution. Single-turn injection, in which a single bunch of particles is injected into a single empty rf bucket, is usually straightforward. In many cases, however, to attain higher bunch currents, one may also wish to accumulate beam in a storage ring by reinjecting different beam pulses into the same rf bucket. This is called multi-turn injection. In addition to conventional schemes, there are several new or more exotic injection techniques, devised to control and improve the properties of the stored beam.

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Piazzolla, Salvatore, and Paolo Spano. "Quantum Noise Effects in Single-Mode Injection Lasers." In Physics of New Laser Sources. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6187-0_22.

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Kantner, Markus. "Current Injection into Oxide-Confined Single-Photon Emitting Diodes." In Electrically Driven Quantum Dot Based Single-Photon Sources. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39543-8_4.

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Whitt, Michael A., Thomas W. Geisbert, and Chad E. Mire. "Single-Vector, Single-Injection Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccines Against High-Containment Viruses." In Vaccine Design. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_16.

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Quinn, Colette F., and Lee D. Hansen. "Enzyme Kinetics Determined by Single-Injection Isothermal Titration Calorimetry." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9179-2_17.

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Yu, Xiong, Zhang Liehui, Sun Lei, and Wu Yi. "Experimental Appraisal and Single-well Simulation for CO2 Injection Feasibility in Liaohe Light Oil Blocks." In Acid Gas Injection and Related Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118094273.ch15.

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Storås, Andrea M., Michael A. Riegler, Trine B. Haugen, et al. "Automatic Unsupervised Clustering of Videos of the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Procedure." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17030-0_9.

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AbstractThe in vitro fertilization procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to help fertilize an egg by injecting a single sperm cell directly into the cytoplasm of the egg. In order to evaluate, refine and improve the method in the fertility clinic, the procedure is usually observed at the clinic. Alternatively, a video of the procedure can be examined and labeled in a time-consuming process. To reduce the time required for the assessment, we propose an unsupervised method that automatically clusters video frames of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. Deep features are extracted from the video frames and form the basis for a clustering method. The method provides meaningful clusters representing different stages of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. The clusters can lead to more efficient examinations and possible new insights that can improve clinical practice. Further on, it may also contribute to improved clinical outcomes due to increased understanding about the technical aspects and better results of the procedure. Despite promising results, the proposed method can be further improved by increasing the amount of data and exploring other types of features.

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Lei, J., and Z. M. Li. "Single Polymer CompositesviaShear Controlled Orientation Injection Molding (SCORIM) or Oscillating Packing Injection Molding (OPIM) Techniques." In Synthetic Polymer-Polymer Composites. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569905258.023.

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Weber, Klaus. "Injection: Atlantic Slavery and Commodity Chains." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_23.

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AbstractSouth Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe were more closely involved with slavery in the Americas than is commonly assumed. Lower costs for labor, raw materials, and solid fuel gave specific regions a competitive edge in the production of commodities used in the barter trade for slaves from West Africa, as well as in provisioning New World plantations. Ironware from the Rhineland; copper and iron from Sweden; Bohemian glassware; and especially Indian cottons and German linen, all contributed to lowering costs in the acquisition of slaves and in the maintenance of plantations. The purchasing power thus generated in Central Europe contributed to the growth of the population and of proto-industries, and ultimately to industrialization. This injection essay illuminates the impact of commodity chains on New World slavery by focusing on the single most important plantation product destined for Europe—sugar—and the two single most important barter commodities destined for Africa: textiles and metalware.

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Conference papers on the topic "A Single Injection"

1

Mittal, M., G. Zhu, T. Stuecken, and H. J. Schock. "Effects of Pre-Injection on Combustion Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10493.

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Multiple injections used for diesel engines, especially pre- and post-injections, have the potential to reduce combustion noise and emissions with improved engine performance. This paper outlines the combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine with multiple injections. The effects of pre-injection (multi-injection) on combustion characteristics are presented in a single-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds and load conditions. A common rail fuel system with a solenoid injector, driven by a peak and hold circuit, is used in this work. This enables us to control the number of injections, fuel injection timing and duration, and the fuel rail pressure that can be used to optimize the engine combustion process (e.g., eliminate engine knock). Mass fraction burned and burn durations are determined by analyzing the measured in-cylinder pressure data. Results are compared with the cases when no pre-injection was used, i.e. only main injection, at the same engine speeds and load conditions. In each study, different cases are considered with the variation in main injection timing. It is found that at full-load condition and lower engine speeds pre-injection is an effective method to alter the engine burn rate and hence to eliminate knock.

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Carpenter, Andrew L., Robert E. Mayo, Jerald G. Wagner, and Paul E. Yelvington. "High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1029.

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Small-displacement, single-cylinder, diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low-cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multi-cylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multi-pulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, electronic fuel injection becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore, single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom, four-hole, high-pressure electronic fuel system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a 4x higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector led to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.

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Nazar, Gabriel L., and Luigi Carro. "Fast single-FPGA fault injection platform." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dft.2012.6378216.

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Busch, Stephen, and Paul C. Miles. "Parametric Study of Injection Rates With Solenoid Injectors in an Injection Quantity and Rate Measuring Device." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5583.

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The rate at which fuel is injected into the cylinder of a direct injection Diesel engine has significant implications for the ensuing mixture formation and combustion processes. Advances in fuel injector technology enable a variety of advanced injection strategies, particularly very closely coupled injection events. In this work, a Moehwald HDA injection quantity and rate measuring unit is used to investigate the injection rates obtained with a pre-production solenoid injector with a fast acting, pressure-balanced control valve using a blend of n-hexadecane and heptamethylnonane (DPRF58). The effects of digital signal filtering on the rate shape and injected mass are investigated for a single injection. Additionally, the effects of physical parameters such as fuel and measurement chamber temperature, axial clamping force on the injector, high pressure line length, and solenoid current pull up time on the rate shape are investigated. The primary purpose of these simple parameter variations is to establish whether or not they have an impact on the measured injection rate traces and/or total measured injected masses. At each dwell time, the rates of injection are compared between the three injectors tested. These results show that these pre-production injectors can operate with very short dwell times while the injection rate curves indicate distinct pilot and main injection events and an influence of dwell on the rate shape of the main injection. Testing with PRF, a blend of n-heptane and isooctane, shows that while rates of injection are comparable to those obtained with the DPRF for a single injection, they are dramatically different for multiple injections. This has significant implications for the optical diagnostic techniques that may be employed to study the effects of multiple injections on the mixture formation process.

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Michailidis, A. D., R. K. Stobart, and G. P. McTaggart-Cowan. "Fuel-Line Stationary Waves and Variability in CI Combustion During Complex Injection Strategies." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35069.

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This study investigated the effects of increased injection regime complexity on injector and combustion stability in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system and an instrumented injector. The injection regimes investigated included a single injection, a main injection with a pilot, and a split-main with a pilot. Injector performance was found to be very stable over all injection regimes and did not contribute to variations in combustion stability. Cylinder pressure variation during the initiation of combustion was identified as a potential method of identifying the start of combustion phasing and compared to current methods. Three series of tests were conducted at various speeds and injection pressures to demonstrate the influence of multi-pulse injection phasing on combustion stability and total fuel consumption. These results demonstrate that the presence of a stationary wave in the high-pressure fuel line, induced by an early injection, can dramatically affect the amount of fuel injected in subsequent injections within the same cycle.

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6

Wang, Mianzhi, Zhengxin Xu, Saifei Zhang, and Chia-fon F. Lee. "Different Diesel Engine Ignition Regimes With a Single Injection." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1156.

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A simple single injection scheme is used to understand the fundamental processes of diesel engine ignition. Two different combustion regimes, partially premixed combustion (PPC), and conventional direct injection compression ignition (DICI), are computationally achieved with the single injection scheme in a 3-D CFD program. An ignition phase curve covering the two combustion regimes is proposed and verified by numerical simulation. The ignition phase curve is used to reveal the underlying physics of each regime. It is found that the interaction among piston motion, chemical kinetics, fuel-air mixing, and injection event differs the two combustion regimes. The conventional DICI mode ignition is dominated by injection timing and affected by the mixture pressure and temperature during the flame induction period. In the PPC mode, the over-mixing effect of the fuel affects largely the ignition process. The variations of the moment of cool flame onset and high temperature ignition are discussed in detail. The differences between the proposed and calculated ignition phase curve are due to the specific piston and injector design of the test engine for which calculations are done. Finally, the effects of intake temperature on the ignition phase curve are explained based on numerical results.

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Bhamidipati, Harini, Daniel Saab, and Jacob A. Abraham. "Single Trojan injection model generation and detection." In 2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/latw.2016.7483361.

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Woillez, Julien, Jean Guerin, Guy S. Perrin, et al. "Injection into single mode fibers for OHANA." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by Wesley A. Traub. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.459362.

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Auth, Dominik, Jan Lautenschläger, Christoph Weber, et al. "Comb injection into a single-mode laser." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sf2f.2.

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Beeder, Janiche, Anita Skarstad, Dhruva Prasad, et al. "Biopolymer Injection in Offshore Single-Well Test." In SPE Europec featured at 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190758-ms.

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Reports on the topic "A Single Injection"

1

Looney, B. B., K. M. Jerome, S. Burdick, J. Rossabi, T. R. Jarosch, and C. A. Eddy-Dilek. Test plan for single well injection/extraction characterization of DNAPL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/147722.

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2

Jerome, K. M., B. B. Looney, M. L. Rhoden, B. Riha, and S. Burdick. Field test of single well DNAPL characterization using alcohol injection/extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/468515.

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Brichart, Thomas, Mahmoud Ould Metidji, Mario Silva, Sissel Opsahl Viig, and Tor Bjørnstad. Lanthanide-Complexed Esters for Single-Well SOR Measurements. University of Stavanger, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.208.

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The main objective has been to improve the prevailing single-well chemical tracer push-and-pull technique, SWCTT, for measurement of residual oil saturation (SOR) in defined pay zones in a single well test [1,2,3] after water injection on the following subjects: • Improvement in tracer detection limits by a factor > 1000 • On-site or even on-line detection of tracer signal in true time • Reduction in the needed amount of tracer by a factor of > 1000 • Reduced footprint on production platforms during tracer operation The intended audience and technology users are oil and service companies.

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4

Huang, Cheng, Rohan Gejji, William Anderson, Changjin Yoon, and Venkateswaran Sankaran. Combustion Dynamics Behavior in a Single-Element Lean Direct Injection (LDI) Gas Turbine Combustor. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611210.

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Cotte, F. P., C. Doughty, and J. Birkholzer. Modeling Single Well Injection-Withdrawal (SWIW) Tests for Characterization of Complex Fracture-Matrix Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048281.

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Britt, Jack, Miriam Rosenberg, Steven Washburn, and Moshe Kaim. Development and Evaluation of a Method of Hormonal Treatment to Increase Fertility in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612833.bard.

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The objectives were: 1) to develop a practical method for improving conception rates of dairy cows by administering progesterone during the critical period of the luteal phase prior to first insemination, 2) to determine which cows respond best to such a progesterone treatment, and 3) to determine physiological changes that are associated with this treatment. Experiment 1, conducted in the US and Israel, tested three treatment protocols. Holstein cows: 1) served as controls, 2) received two injections of prostaglanding F2a (PGF) 14 days apart, or 3) received two PGF injections and were inserted with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 6 days beginning 9 days after the first injection of PGF. Fertility was positively related to plasma progesterone concentations prior to the second PGF injection, but PRID treatment did not improve fertility in cows with low progesterone. Cows in synchronized estrus 2-8 days after the second injection of PGF had higher fertility and better reproductive performance than non-synchronized cows. Experiment 3, conducted in Israel, involved three studies that assessed effect of PRID treatment on: 1) progesterone concentration in ovarian tissue and uterine tissue and fluids, 2) changes in systemic LH and estradiol, and 3) development and function of dominant follicles. Treatment with PRID increased progesterone in uterine tissue and fluid exclusive of effects on systemic concentrations. Low progesterone resulted in persistent follicles that exceeded normal size and produced excessive estrogen. Experiment 4, conducted in the US, evaluated influence of endogenous progesterone on embryo development. Cows were given two injections of PGF 14 days apart and single embryos were recovered 7 days after estrus. Among cyclic cows, there was a linear relationship between progesterone concentration and percentage of cows from which an embryo was recovered. Overall these experiments show that systemic progesterone concentrations affect fertility in high-producing dairy cows through effects on follicular development and embryo survival

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Tsang, C. F., and C. Doughty. Insight from simulations of single-well injection-withdrawal tracer tests on simple and complex fractures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/972710.

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Whyatt, G. A., and C. R. Hymas. Low-pressure, single-point grout injection for tank heel sludge mixing and in-situ immobilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665969.

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Jung, Yoojin. Development of an analytical solution for thermal single-well injection-withdrawal tests in horizontally fractured reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172058.

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Birkholzer, J. T., and Y. W. Tsang. Forecast of thermal-hydrological conditions and air injection test results of the single heater test at Yucca Mountain. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/459353.

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