To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: A Single Injection.

Journal articles on the topic 'A Single Injection'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'A Single Injection.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Jeftić, Marko, Zhenyi Yang, Graham T. Reader, and Ming Zheng. "Fuel efficiency analysis and peak pressure rise rate improvement for neat n-butanol injection strategies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 1 (2016): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016632141.

Full text
Abstract:
Engine tests were conducted to investigate the efficiency and the peak pressure rise rate performance of different fuel injection strategies for the direct injection of neat n-butanol in a compression ignition engine. Three different strategies were tested: a single-shot injection; a pilot injection; a post-injection. A single-shot injection timing sweep revealed that early injections had the highest indicated efficiency while late injections reduced the peak pressure rise rate at the cost of a slightly reduced thermal efficiency. Delayed single-shot injections also had increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. Addition of a pilot injection had a negative effect on the peak pressure rise rate. Because of the low cetane number of butanol and the relatively lean and well-premixed air–fuel mixture, the pilot injection failed to autoignite and instead ignited simultaneously with the main injection. This resulted in slightly increased peak pressure rise rates and significantly increased unburned butanol hydrocarbon emissions. Conversely, the use of an early post-injection produced a noticeable engine power output and allowed the main injection to be shortened and the peak pressure rise rate to be substantially reduced. However, relatively early post-injections slightly reduced the indicated efficiency and increased the nitrogen oxide emissions and the carbon monoxide emissions compared with the single-shot injection strategy. These results recommended the use of a single-shot injection for low loads and medium loads owing to a superior thermal efficiency and suggested that the application of a post-injection may be more suited to high-load conditions because of the substantially reduced peak pressure rise rates.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jiang, X., and J. Jiang. "Single infraclavicular injection." British Journal of Anaesthesia 108, no. 3 (2012): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jansen, Jos R. C., Jan J. Schreuder, Jos J. Settels, et al. "Single Injection Thermodilution." Anesthesiology 85, no. 3 (1996): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199609000-00006.

Full text
Abstract:
Background Application of the Stewart-Hamilton equation in the thermodilution technique requires flow to be constant. In patients in whom ventilation of the lungs is controlled, flow modulations may occur leading to large errors in the estimation of mean cardiac output. Methods To eliminate these errors, a modified equation was developed. The resulting flow-corrected equation needs an additional measure of the relative changes of blood flow during the period of the dilution curve. Relative flow was computed from the pulmonary artery pressure with use of the pulse contour method. Measurements were obtained in 16 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. In 11 patients (group A), pulmonary artery pressure was measured with a catheter tip transducer, in a partially overlapping group of 11 patients (group B), it was measured with a fluid-filled system. For reference cardiac output we used the proven method of four uncorrected thermodilution estimates equally spread over the ventilatory cycle. Results A total of 208 cardiac output estimates was obtained in group A, and 228 in group B. In group B, 48 estimates could not be corrected because of insufficient pulmonary artery pressure waveform quality from the fluid-filled system. Individual uncorrected Stewart-Hamilton estimates showed a large variability with respect to their mean. In group A, mean cardiac output was 5.01 l/min with a standard deviation of 0.53 l/min, or 10.6%. After flow correction, this scatter decreased to 5.0% (P < 0.0001). With no bias, the corresponding limits of agreement decreased from +/- 1.06 to +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. In group B, the scatter decreased similarly and the limits of agreement also became +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. Conclusion It was concluded that a single thermodilution cardiac output estimate using the flow-corrected equation is clinically feasible. This is obtained at the cost of a more complex computation and an extra pressure measurement, which often is already available. With this technique it is possible to reduce the fluid load to the patient considerably.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kuo, Dr Hann-Chorng. "Repeated Onabotulinumtoxin-A Injections Provide Better Results than Single Injection in Treatment of Painful Bladder Syndrome." Pain Physician 1;16, no. 1;1 (2013): E15—E23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e15.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Onabotulinumtoxin-A (BoNT-A) is effective for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). However, long-term follow-up does not show successful outcome after a single injection. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections for treatment of IC/PBS and compare the success rates among patient groups receiving different injection numbers. Study Design: Prospective interventional study. Setting: Tertiary medical center. Methods: Intravesical injection of 100 U of BoNT-A was performed in 81 patients every 6 months for up to 4 times or until patients’ symptoms significantly improved. Patients who received a single injection served as active controls. Measured parameters included O’LearySant symptom indexes (ICSI) and problem indexes (ICPI), visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, voiding diary variables, urodynamic parameters, maximal bladder capacity under anesthesia, glomerulation grade, and global response assessment. Multiple measurements and KaplanMeier analysis were used for comparison of consecutive data and success rates among groups. Results: Among 81 patients, 20 received single injections, 19 received 2 injections, 12 received 3 injections, and 30 received 4 injections. The mean (± standard deviation) of ICSI, ICPI, total scores, VAS, functional bladder capacity, and daytime frequency all showed significant improvement after repeated BoNT-A treatment with different injections. Significantly better success rates were noted in patients who received 4 repeated injections (P = 0.0242) and 3 injections (P = 0.050), compared to those who received a single injection. However, there was no significant difference of long-term success rates among patients who received 2, 3, and 4 injections. Limitations: Lack of placebo control group is the main limitation. Conclusion: Repeated intravesical BoNT-A injections were safe and effective for pain relief and they increased bladder capacity and provided a better long-term success rate than a single injection did for treatment of IC/PBS. Key words: Botulinum toxin, IC/PBS, Intravesical treatment
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tanikawa, Hiroki, Hitoshi Kagaya, Shota Itoh, et al. "Long-term repeated botulinum toxin a treatment over 12 years gradually changes gait characteristics: single-case study." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine - Clinical Communications 7 (September 3, 2024): jrmcc40827. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/jrm-cc.v7.40827.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective: To demonstrate the long-term efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin A injections into the same muscles for ameliorating lower limb spasticity and gait function. Design: Single-case study Patient: A 36-year-old woman with right cerebral haemorrhage received her first botulinum toxin A injection 1,296 days after onset. The patient underwent 30 treatments over 12 years after the first injection to improve upper and lower limb spasticity and abnormal gait patterns. The mean duration between injections was 147 days. Methods: The Modified Ashworth Scale, passive range of motion, gait velocity, and degree of abnormal gait patterns during treadmill gait were evaluated pre-injection and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after every injection. Results: The follow-up period showed no injection-related adverse events. Comfortable overground gait velocity gradually improved over 30 injections. The Modified Ashworth Scale and passive range of motion improved after each injection. Pre-injection values of the degree of pes varus, circumduction, hip hiking, and knee extensor thrust improved gradually. However, the degree of contralateral vaulting, excessive lateral shift of the trunk, and insufficient knee flexion did not improve after 30 injections. Conclusion: Repeated botulinum toxin A injections effectively improve abnormal gait patterns, even when a single injection cannot change these values.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lewis, Emma, Khalid Merghani, Iain Robertson, et al. "The effectiveness of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma injections on symptomatic early osteoarthritis of the knee: the PEAK randomized controlled trial." Bone & Joint Journal 104-B, no. 6 (2022): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.104b6.bjj-2021-1109.r2.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular injections may provide a simple and minimally invasive treatment for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). This has led to an increase in its adoption as a treatment for knee OA, although there is uncertainty about its efficacy and benefit. We hypothesized that patients with early-stage symptomatic knee OA who receive multiple PRP injections will have better clinical outcomes than those receiving single PRP or placebo injections. Methods A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed with three groups receiving either placebo injections (Normal Saline), one PRP injection followed by two placebo injections, or three PRP injections. Each injection was given one week apart. Outcomes were prospectively collected prior to intervention and then at six weeks, three months, six months, and 12 months post-intervention. Primary outcome measures were Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and EuroQol five-dimension five-level index (EQ-5D-5L). Secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale for pain and patient subjective assessment of the injections. Results A total of 102 patients were recruited. The follow-up period was 12 months, at intervals of six weeks, 12 weeks, six months, and 12 months. KOOS-Total significantly improved in all groups at these time intervals compared to pre-injection. There was an improvement in EQ-5D-5L index scores in saline and single injection groups, but not in the multiple injection group. Comparison of treatment groups showed no additional beneficial effect of single or multiple PRP injections above that displayed in the saline injection group. Subjective patient satisfaction and recommendation of treatment received demonstrated a similar pattern in all the groups. There was no indication of superiority of either single or multiple PRP injections compared to saline injections. Conclusion There is no evidence that single or multiple PRP had any additional beneficial effect compared to saline injection up to 12 months, follow-up after treatment of early stage symptomatic OA of the knee. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(6):663–671.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nozaki, Kazuhiko, Yoshihiko Uemura, Shinichiro Okamoto, Haruhiko Kikuchi, and Noboru Mizuno. "Relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on cerebral arterial spasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 4 (1989): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.4.0558.

Full text
Abstract:
✓ This study examines the relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid peptide with a potent vasodilator action, on cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The spasm was induced by injecting autologous arterial blood percutaneously into the cisterna magna in adult mongrel dogs. The single-injection model of SAH was produced by injection of 1.0 ml/kg body weight of blood (on Day 0), and the double-injection model involved two successive injections of 0.5 ml/kg body weight of blood made 48 hours apart (on Day 0 and Day 2). On vertebral angiograms, arterial narrowing of the major cerebral arteries was most prominent on Day 3 after SAH in the single-injection model and on Day 7 in the double-injection model. When 10−10 mol/kg of CGRP was administered intracisternally in the single-injection model on Day 3, the diameter of the spastic cerebral arteries, as determined by angiography, recovered to normal. After intracisternal administration of 10−11 to 2 × 10−10 mol/kg of CGRP on Day 7 in double-injection models, spastic cerebral arteries dilated in a dose-dependent manner. The dilatory effect of CGRP continued for a few hours after administration. The results suggest that CGRP injected intracisternally may reverse cerebral arterial spasm after SAH.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Payne, R., D. W. Corson, A. Fein, and M. J. Berridge. "Excitation and adaptation of Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate result from a rise in intracellular calcium." Journal of General Physiology 88, no. 1 (1986): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.88.1.127.

Full text
Abstract:
Single pressure injections of 1-10 pl of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) or inositol 4,5 bisphosphate [I(4,5)P2] excite Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inducing rapid bursts of inward current. After excitation by IP3, responses to subsequent injections of IP3 or light flashes are often reversibly diminished (adapted). Single injections of IP3 and I(4,5)P2 are effective at concentrations in the injecting pipette of 20 microM to 1 mM. Single injections of inositol 1,4 bisphosphate are ineffective at concentrations of 100-500 microM. Excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2 is accompanied by a rise in intracellular free calcium, as indicated by aequorin luminescence. Prior injection of calcium buffer solutions containing 100 mM EGTA greatly diminishes the total charge transferred across the plasma membrane during excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2, which suggests that a rise in Cai is necessary for excitation by the inositol polyphosphates. Adaptation of the response to light by IP3 is also abolished by prior injection of EGTA. In the same cells, the response to brief light flashes is slowed and diminished in amplitude by the injection of calcium buffer, but the charge transferred during the response is not significantly diminished. This suggests that light has access to a pathway of excitation in the presence of EGTA that is not accessible to intracellularly injected IP3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Guragol, Renuka, Yatish Bevinaguddaiah, Sadasivan S. Iyer, and Vinayak S. Pujari. "Single Injection versus Double Injection Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomised Comparative Study." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 5, no. 2 (2018): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5218.19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Djunaedi, Mohammad, Ristika Handarini, and Deasy Zamanti. "EFEKTIVITAS PENYUNTIKAN FSH SECARA SUBKUTAN DAN INTRAMUSKULAR TERHADAP RESPON SUPEROVULASI SAPI SIMENTAL." Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara 4, no. 1 (2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jpnu.v4i1.1512.

Full text
Abstract:
Superovulation is a necessary technique to produce large number of embryos for embryo` transfer. Hormonal treatment is superovulation methode can be done by implant CIDR and injection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Experiment were carried out to observe the effectiveness of subcutaneous and intramuscular FSH injections on superovulation response in simmental cattle. All animal (n=10) were treated with intravaginal CIDR implant before FSH injection. Studies were devided into two experiment ie: P1 (400 mg FSH diluted in 4 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by single subcutan injection and P2 (400 mg FSH diluted in 20 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by twice daily intramuscular injection over 4 day in decreasing doses. The number of corposa luteal (CL), total embryos collected, and total transferable embryos were observed in this experiment. Data were analyzed by T-test method. The result showed that effectiveness of single subcutan FSH injection were significanthy different (P < 0,05) than intramuscular FSH injection superovulation with single subcutan FSH injetcion is easier than twice daily intramuscular injection in decreasy dose. In conclusion the average of CL (21,4 ± 3,6) and number of tranferable embryo (71,96 %) of the single subcutan FSH injection tended to be better than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan FSH injection more efficient than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan injection can decreasing sterss level in the cattle and be easier in handling the cattle during the experiment.Keywords: Simmental cattle, FSH, superovulation, single subcutan injection, intramuscular injection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Gundle, Kenneth R., Etasha M. Bhatt, Stephanie E. Punt, Viviana Bompadre, and Ernest U. Conrad. "Injection of Unicameral Bone Cysts with Bone Marrow Aspirate and Demineralized Bone Matrix Avoids Open Curettage and Bone Grafting in a Retrospective Cohort." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711010486.

Full text
Abstract:
Background:Many treatment options exist for unicameral bone cysts (UBC), without clear evidence of superiority. Meta-analyses have been limited by small numbers of patients in specific anatomic and treatment subgroups. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of injecting bone marrow aspirate and demineralized bone matrix (BMA/DBM) for the treatment of proximal humerus UBC.Methods:Fifty-one patients with proximal humerus lesions treated by BMA/DBM injection were retrospectively reviewed from a single academic medical center.Results:The mean number of injections performed per patient was 2.14 (range 1-5). Eleven patients underwent only one injection (22%), an additional 19 patients completed treatment after two injections (37%), four patients healed after three injections (8%), and one patient healed after four injections (2%). The cumulative success rate of serial BMA/DBM injections was 22% (11/51), 58% (30/51), 67% (34/51), and 69% (35/51). Eleven patients (22%) ultimately underwent open curettage and bone grafting, and five patients (10%) were treated with injection of calcium phosphate bone substitute.Conclusion:A BMA/DBM injection strategy avoided an open procedure in 78% of patients with a proximal humerus UBC. The majority of patients underwent at least 2 injection treatments.Level of Evidence:Level IV retrospective cohort study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

McElheny, Kathryn, Brett Toresdahl, Daphne Ling, Keith Mages, and Irfan Asif. "Comparative Effectiveness of Alternative Dosing Regimens of Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 5 (2019): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119861545.

Full text
Abstract:
Context: Viscosupplementation is widely used for management of knee osteoarthritis. Many formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA) are available, ranging from a single injection to a series of up to 5 injections per treatment. Objective: To compare efficacy between single and multiple HA injection formulations. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus databases were all searched. Study Selection: Full-text prospective randomized and nonrandomized controlled human trials, cohort studies, and cost-effectiveness evaluations in the English language comparing different injection regimens of viscosupplementation were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: Data were collected using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Four databases were searched by a librarian and the principal investigator, identifying 6196 articles for screening. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the studies comparing single- with multiple-injection formulations of HA for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, there was no consistent difference in patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, 5-injection formulations do not appear to be superior to 3-injection formulations. Conclusion: There are limited head-to-head trials comparing viscosupplementation formulations that differ based on number of injections, and in particular, there is a paucity of trials evaluating single-injection formulations. Based on the currently available data, there appears to be similar efficacy with the possibility for greater cost-effectiveness and less patient inconvenience with single-injection formulations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Saud, Abdul Munaf, Naveed Gul, Abdul Rauf Tipu, Mazhar Mahmood, and Muhammad Abid. "Multisite Injection of Corticosteroids is more Efficient than a Single Glenohumeral Injection in Treating Acute Frozen Shoulder." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 4 (2023): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023174189.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a single glenohumeral injection versus multisite injection of corticosteroids in treating acute frozen shoulder. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting and duration: Department of Orthopedic Surgery Civil Hospital Bahawalpur from January 2022 to December 2022. Material and methods: Total 74 patients with acute frozen shoulder having onset of symptoms within the last 12 months were included. This study compared the functional ratings, Mobility, and pain alleviation of patients with primary Frozen Shoulder (FS) after different period of follow up in our OPD. In multisite group, triamcinolone acetonide, bupivacaine and saline were injected into four different sites. In the single glenohumeral injection group, only the glenohumeral joint was injected. Both groups received physiotherapy after injection, including soft tissue therapy, joint mobilization and a home exercise program. The outcome measures were assessed through Range of motion, function and pain scores at a follow up of every three months, six months and then after one year. Results: According to the study, the patients receiving injections at multisite outperformed those receiving single-injection on the visual analogue scale (VAS) at all follow-up intervals (P = 0.01). Moreover, compared to the single-injection group, the multisite-injection group had substantially superior active and passive ROM restoration (P 0.05) and higher functional scores (P 0.05). Practical Implication: It suggests multisite injections as a treatment for frozen shoulder, in contrast to prior studies. Positive characteristics of the study include the use of a blinded clinical examination and the presence of a sufficient number of participants Conclusion: In conclusion, multisite injection of corticosteroids has more potency than a single injection in reducing pain in patients with acute frozen shoulder. Clinicians may consider multisite injection as a preferred method of treatment for primary frozen shoulder, especially in patients with severe pain. Keywords: multisite injection, frozen shoulder, glenohumeral injection, pain, stiffness
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Kurian, J. "Single injection paravertebral block." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 45, no. 8 (2001): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2001.450827.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Frow, M. W., J. I. Miranda-Caraballo, T. M. Akhtar, and C. E. Hugkulstone. "Single injection peribulbar anaesthesia." Anaesthesia 55, no. 8 (2000): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01530.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Kurian, J. "Single injection paravertebral block." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 45, no. 8 (2001): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450827.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Rosenblatt, Meg A. "When Is a Single-injection Nerve Block Not Really a Single Injection?" Anesthesiology 109, no. 4 (2008): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181863821.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Lu, Yingying, and Yize Liu. "Effects of multiple injections on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine at high load and low speed." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 12 (2020): 168781402098462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020984628.

Full text
Abstract:
Advanced multiple injection strategies have been suggested for compression ignition engines in order to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations. Experiments and simulations were used to study effects of the main-injection mode (times), the post-injection proportion, and timing on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine at high load and constant low speed. The results reveal the following. The NOx emissions of 1main+1post, 2main+1post, and 3main+1post injections are all lower than those of single injection; the higher the number of main-injection pluses, the lower the NOx emissions. Enough main-post injection interval is needed to ensure post and main injections are relatively independent to entrain more fresh air to decrease the soot. Over-retarded post-injection timing tends to increase the soot due to the lower in-cylinder temperature. The combined effects of formation and oxidation determine the final soot. To gain the best trade-off of NOx and soot, compared with single injection, for the three multiple injections, the lowest soot emissions are gained at post-injection proportions of 15% and post-injection timings of 25°, 30°, and 35° CA ATDC, with soot reductions of 26.7%, −34.5%, and −112.8%, and NOx reductions of 5.88%, 21.2%, and 40.3%, respectively, for 1main+1post, 2main+1post, and 3main+1post injections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Belzile, Etienne L., Robert T. Deakon, Christopher Vannabouathong, Mohit Bhandari, Martin Lamontagne, and Robert McCormack. "Cost-Utility of a Single-Injection Combined Corticosteroid-Hyaluronic Acid Formulation vs a 2-Injection Regimen of Sequential Corticosteroid and Hyaluronic Acid Injections." Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders 10 (January 1, 2017): 117954411771299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179544117712993.

Full text
Abstract:
Research has shown early and sustained relief with a combination therapy of a corticosteroid (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. This can be administered via a single injection containing both products or as separate injections. The former may be more expensive when considering only product cost, but the latter incurs the additional costs and time of a second procedure. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-utility of the single injection with the 2-injection regimen. The results of this analysis revealed that the single-injection formulation of a CS and HA may be cost-effective, assuming a willingness-to-pay of $50 000 per quality-adjusted life year gained, for symptomatic relief of OA symptoms. This treatment may also be more desirable to patients who find injections to be inconvenient or unpleasant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Kang, Seungwoo, Sanguk Lee, and Choongsik Bae. "Effects of Multi-Stage Split Injection on Efficiency and Emissions of Light-Duty Diesel Engine." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062219.

Full text
Abstract:
The efficiency of light-duty diesel engines should be improved for further emissions regulation. Multi-stage split injection with five injection events was investigated for improvement in efficiency at low-load conditions. The injection timing and quantity were adjusted to achieve a smooth in-cylinder pressure rise and continuous heat release. The multi-stage split injection was compared to injection strategies involving two-pilot and single-main injections. A 0.5 L single-cylinder diesel engine experiment was conducted under low-load conditions. Two multi-stage split injection processes with different combustion phases were developed. The multi-stage split injections yielded a smooth in-cylinder pressure trace and a lower peak heat release rate than the two-pilot injection process. The combustion duration was shorter for multi-stage split injection with an advanced combustion phase, and the fuel consumption was reduced by 1.78% with lower heat transfer, exhaust heat, and combustion loss. The multi-stage split injection flame penetration was shorter than the two-pilot injections. The shorter flame penetration and lower tip velocity reduced the heat transfer to the combustion chamber. The PM emissions were also reduced by 30% under the same NOx emissions, because increased PM oxidation and divided fuel injection prevented flame diffusion and improved air utilization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

GAERTNER, E., J. ESTEBE, A. ZAMFIR, C. CUBY, and P. MACAIRE. "Infraclavicular plexus block: Multiple injection versus single injection." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 27, no. 6 (2002): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/rapm.2002.36456.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Li, Y., H. Zhao, N. Brouzos, and B. Leach. "Managing controlled auto-ignition combustion by injection on a direct-injection gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (2007): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto372.

Full text
Abstract:
Controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion in gasoline engines has great potential for reducing both NO x emissions and fuel consumption, but its application is still hindered by the lack of direct control of combustion phasing and by the limited CAI operation range. In this paper, the effect of injection timing and split injection on CAI combustion is presented in a single-cylinder direct-injection gasoline engine with an air-assisted injector. The CAI combustion was achieved by trapping some of the burned gases within the cylinder by using low-lift short-duration camshafts and early closure of the exhaust valves. During the experiments, the engine speed was varied from 1200 to 2400 r/min and the air-fuel ratio was altered from stoichiometric to the misfire limit. Both single and split injections were investigated at different injection timings and fuel quantities. The experimental results show that injection timing has an important effect on CAI combustion for single and split injections. Early injection produces faster and more stable combustion, less hydrocarbon and CO emissions, but very rapid heat release rates and higher NO x emissions. The CAI operation range could be extended significantly by early injection. Split injection gives even further extension of the CAI range in both stoichiometric and lean mixture operations. These results indicate that optimizing the injection timing and using split injection is an effective way to control and extend CAI operation in a direct-injection gasoline engine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Mahmoud, E. E., N. Adachi, A. S. Mawas, M. Deie, and M. Ochi. "Multiple intra-articular injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially improve knee lesions resulting from surgically induced osteoarthritis." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 7 (2019): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2018-1532.r1.

Full text
Abstract:
Aim Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have several properties that may support their use as an early treatment option for osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the role of multiple injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritic changes in the various structures of the mature rabbit knee in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient OA model. Materials and Methods Two months after bilateral section of the ACL of Japanese white rabbits aged nine months or more, either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1 x 106 MSCs were injected into the knee joint in single or three consecutive doses. After two months, the articular cartilage and meniscus were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically using collagen I and II. Results Within the PBS injection (control group), typical progressive degenerative changes were revealed in the various knee structures. In the single MSC injection (single group), osteoarthritic changes were attenuated, but still appeared, especially in the medial compartments involving fibrillation of the articular cartilage, osteophyte formation in the medial plateau, and longitudinal tear of the meniscus. In the multiple-injections group, the smoothness and texture of the articular cartilage and meniscus were improved. Histologically, absence or reduction in matrix staining and cellularity were noticeable in the control and single-injection groups, respectively, in contrast to the multiple-injections group, which showed good intensity of matrix staining and chondrocyte distribution in the various cartilage zones. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring showed significantly better results in the multiple-injections group than in the other groups. Immunohistochemically, collagen I existed superficially in the medial femoral condyle in the single group, while collagen II was more evident in the multiple-injections group than the single-injection group. Conclusion A single injection of MSCs was not enough to restore the condition of osteoarthritic joints. This is in contrast to multiple injections of MSCs, which had the ability to replace lost cells, as well as reducing inflammation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:824–831.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Boijsen, M., G. Granerus, L. Jacobsson, L. Björneld, M. Aurell, and U. Tylén. "Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated after Multiple Injections of Contrast Medium during Angiography." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 6 (1988): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900612.

Full text
Abstract:
In twenty-six patients referred for angiography, clearance of contrast medium was determined with x-ray fluorescence analysis after multiple injections of contrast medium. A formula for correction of the injected amount, which takes into consideration the different times of contrast medium injections, approximating the total injected amount into one injection, was used. A single injection clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was determined at the same time. The results showed a good correlation between the clearance of contrast medium after multiple injections and the 51Cr-EDTA clearance after a single injection (r=0.945). The correlation between contrast medium clearance calculated without correction for the different injection times, and “Cr-EDTA clearance was the same (r=0.946), due to short angiography time and rather low clearance values in our patients. It is concluded that total plasma clearance of contrast medium can easily be estimated after multiple injections. In this way patients with a risk of developing post-angiographic renal failure can be found.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Kurskaya, O. G., K. A. Sharshov, A. Yu Alekseev, et al. "The Study in Animal Models of Local Action, Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Ultriks in Syringe." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 14, no. 3 (2015): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-3-66-73.

Full text
Abstract:
The evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity and local effect of the inactivated influenza vaccine Ultriks in animal models (guinea pigs, mice BALB/c) was performed. No vaccine-related toxic effect after a single intraperitoneal injection, multiple intramuscular injections, and no local irritant effect after a single intramuscular injection were reported in experimental animals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Hannon, Bailey G., Stephen A. Schwaner, Elizabeth M. Boazak, et al. "Sustained scleral stiffening in rats after a single genipin treatment." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 159 (2019): 20190427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0427.

Full text
Abstract:
Scleral stiffening has been proposed as a therapy for glaucoma and myopia. Previous in vivo studies have evaluated the efficacy of scleral stiffening after multiple treatments with a natural collagen crosslinker, genipin. However, multiple injections limit clinical translatability. Here, we examined whether scleral stiffening was maintained after four weeks following a single genipin treatment. Eyes from brown Norway rats were treated in vivo with a single 15 mM genipin retrobulbar injection, sham retrobulbar injection, or were left naive. Eyes were enucleated either 1 day or four weeks post-injection and underwent whole globe inflation testing. We assessed first principal Lagrange strain of the posterior sclera using digital image correlation as a proxy for scleral stiffness. Four weeks post-injection, genipin treatment resulted in a 58% reduction in scleral strain as compared to controls ( p = 0.005). We conclude that a single in vivo injection of genipin effectively stiffened rat sclera for at least four weeks which motivates further functional studies and possible clinical translation of genipin-induced scleral stiffening.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Tuma, R. F., U. S. Vasthare, G. L. Irion, and M. P. Wiedeman. "Considerations in use of microspheres for flow measurements in anesthetized rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 250, no. 1 (1986): H137—H143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.1.h137.

Full text
Abstract:
The results of single injections of different doses of microspheres (60,000, 100,000, and 375,000) demonstrated a significant reduction in measured heart and kidney blood flows as a function of the number of microspheres injected. Measured flow to other organs was unaffected by a single injection of these doses of microspheres. The injection of microspheres at a faster rate (0.8 ml/min microsphere injection; 1.0 ml/min flush) resulted in higher calculated heart flow when compared with the slow rate (0.2 ml/min microsphere injection; 0.25 ml/min flush). A significant decrease (approximately 21%) in measured blood flow to the right side of the brain that was observed in all the groups is due to the occlusion of the right carotid artery by the cannulation procedure. Intra-aortic injection of microspheres resulted in reduced measured brain blood flow when compared with intraventricular injections. Accurate and reliable heart and brain blood flows were not obtained with intra-aortic injection of microspheres. However, intra-aortic injection of microspheres does provide accurate and reliable flow measurements for more distal organs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Nozaki, Kazuhiko, Shinichiro Okamoto, Yoshihiko Uemura, Haruhiko Kikuchi, and Noboru Mizuno. "Vascular relaxation properties of calcitonin gene-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 72, no. 5 (1990): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.5.0792.

Full text
Abstract:
✓ The vascular relaxation effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the dog basilar artery after experimentally produced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were examined in vitro by an isometric tension recording method. Both CGRP and VIP induced dose-dependent relaxations in ring segments of the intact basilar artery of control dogs. The vasorelaxant action of CGRP was more potent than that of VIP. The single-injection model of SAH was produced by injection of fresh autologous arterial blood ( 1 ml/kg body weight) into the cisterna magna on Day 0 of the post-SAH period, and the double-injection model was produced by two injections of blood (0.5 ml/kg each) on Days 0 and 2. Narrowing of the basilar arteries on vertebral angiograms was most prominent on Day 3 or 7 in the single- or double-injection model, respectively. Relaxation of the basilar artery induced by CGRP and VIP was to some extent decreased on Days 3 and 7 of the post-SAH period in the single-injection model, and on Days 7 and 14 in the double-injection model. However, the vasorelaxant effects of CGRP and VIP were significantly enhanced on Day 14 of the post-SAH period in the single-injection model, and on Days 28 and 42 in the double-injection model. Subsequently, these effects returned to control levels by Days 28 or 63 in the single- or double-injection model, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Merola, Simona, Adrian Irimescu, Cinzia Tornatore, et al. "UV-visible digital imaging of split injection in a Gasoline Direct Injection engine." Thermal Science 19, no. 6 (2015): 1873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141121071m.

Full text
Abstract:
Ever tighter limits on pollutant emissions and the need to improve energy conversion efficiency have made the application of gasoline direct injection (GDI) feasible for a much wider scale of spark ignition engines. Changing the way fuel is delivered to the engine has thus provided increased flexibility but also challenges, such as higher particulate emissions. Therefore, alternative injection control strategies need to be investigated in order to obtain optimum performance and reduced environmental impact. In this study, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder GDI optical engine fuelled with commercial gasoline in lean-burn conditions. The single-cylinder was equipped with the head of a commercial turbocharged engine with similar geometrical specifications (bore, stroke, compression ratio) and wall guided fuel injection. Optical accessibility was ensured through a conventional elongated hollow Bowditch piston and an optical crown, accommodating a fused-silica window. Experimental tests were performed at fixed engine speed and injection pressure, whereas the injection timing and the number of injections were adjusted to investigate their influence on combustion and emissions. UV-visible digital imaging was applied in order to follow the combustion process, from ignition to the late combustion phase. All the optical data were correlated with thermodynamic analysis and measurements of exhaust emissions. Split injection strategies (i.e. two injections per cycle) with respect to single injection increased combustion efficiency and stability thanks to an improvement of fuel air mixing. As a consequence, significant reduction in soot formation and exhaust emission with acceptable penalty in terms of HC and NOx were measured.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Wovkulich, Karen, Martin Stute, Thomas J. Protus, Brian J. Mailloux, and Steven N. Chillrud. "Injection System for Multiwell Injection Using a Single Pump." Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation 31, no. 1 (2011): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01325.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Rodríguez, Rodriguez J., and Barcena M. Bárcena. "Dual injection is better than single injection coracoid block." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 28, Sup 1 (2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00115550-200309001-00065.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

SONOHATA, M., A. ASAMI, K. OGAWA, S. NAGAMINE, and T. HOTOKEBUCHI. "Single Injection Digital Block: Is a Transthecal Injection Necessary?" Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 34, no. 1 (2009): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408097323.

Full text
Abstract:
Three different methods of injection to obtain digital block anaesthesia were performed on 15 healthy volunteers to evaluate the success and extent of anaesthesia. We found that the traditional transthecal injection technique was inaccurate and the injected agent mainly flowed into the subcutaneous space, and did not remain within the sheath. The deep transthecal single injection kept the anaesthetic agent within the flexor tendon sheath, as intended. The duration of anaesthesia and the area anaesthetised by the subcutaneous injection and the traditional transthecal injection was similar and satisfactory. However, the anaesthetic area after the deep transthecal injection was significantly smaller than that of the other two techniques ( P<0.01). A transthecal digital block offers no advantage over a simple subcutaneous digital block.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

RODRIGUEZ, J. "Dual injection is better than single injection coracoid block." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 28 (September 2003): 37a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-7339(03)00309-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Brutus, JP, A. Nikolis, Y. Baeten, et al. "Reducing Patient Discomfort during Digital Blockade: The Subcutaneous Single Injection Digital Block – A Simple, Safe and Fast Procedure." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 11, no. 1 (2003): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030301100108.

Full text
Abstract:
Background Regional anesthesia of a single finger is commonly achieved by the traditional ring block, which requires at least two painful injections in the digit. Single injection digital block techniques have been described to avoid this problem. Among these, the subcutaneous technique described by Harbison appears to be safe and to allow most procedures to be carried out with good tolerance. Objectives A prospective study was designed to evaluate the results of the subcutaneous technique in terms of patient tolerance, distribution of anesthesia and efficiency. Methods All blocks were performed by a single investigator. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate pain associated with the injection. Prick testing was used to evaluate the quality of anesthesia at the volar and dorsal aspects of the phalanxes. Tolerance to the surgical procedure and the need for additional injections were also recorded. Results This technique allowed surgery to be performed without complementary injection most of the time and was very well tolerated. The dorsum of the proximal phalanx, however, was unpredictably included in the anesthetized territory. Conclusion The subcutaneous single injection digital block is safe, efficient and easy to perform. It allows the treatment of all conditions on the volar aspect of the finger and on the dorsal aspect of the distal and middle phalanxes. For surgery on the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx, a combined single injection technique or a supplementary dorsal block should be used.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Tennison, P. J., and R. Reitz. "An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common-Rail Injection System Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 1 (1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1340638.

Full text
Abstract:
An investigation of the effect of injection parameters on emissions and performance in an automotive diesel engine was conducted. A high-pressure common-rail injection system was used with a dual-guided valve covered orifice nozzle tip. The engine was a four-valve single cylinder high-speed direct-injection diesel engine with a displacement of approximately 12 liter and simulated turbocharging. The engine experiments were conducted at full load and 1004 and 1757 rev/min, and the effects of injection pressure, multiple injections (single vs pilot with main), and pilot injection timing on emissions and performance were studied. Increasing the injection pressure from 600 to 800 bar reduced the smoke emissions by over 50 percent at retarded injection timings with no penalty in oxides of nitrogen NOx or brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Pilot injection cases exhibited slightly higher smoke levels than single injection cases but had similar NOx levels, while the single injection cases exhibited slightly better BSFC. The start-of-injection (SOI) of the pilot was varied while holding the main SOI constant and the effect on emissions was found to be small compared to changes resulting from varying the main injection timing. Interestingly, the point of autoignition of the pilot was found to occur at a nearly constant crank angle regardless of pilot injection timing (for early injection timings) indicating that the ignition delay of the pilot is a chemical delay and not a physical (mixing) one. As the pilot timing was advanced the mixture became overmixed, and an increase of over 50 percent in the unburned hydrocarbon emissions was observed at the most advanced pilot injection timing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Lučin, Ivana, Luka Grbčić, Zoran Čarija, and Lado Kranjčević. "Machine-Learning Classification of a Number of Contaminant Sources in an Urban Water Network." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010245.

Full text
Abstract:
In the case of a contamination event in water distribution networks, several studies have considered different methods to determine contamination scenario information. It would be greatly beneficial to know the exact number of contaminant injection locations since some methods can only be applied in the case of a single injection location and others have greater efficiency. In this work, the Neural Network and Random Forest classifying algorithms are used to predict the number of contaminant injection locations. The prediction model is trained with data obtained from simulated contamination event scenarios with random injection starting time, duration, concentration value, and the number of injection locations which varies from 1 to 4. Classification is made to determine if single or multiple injection locations occurred, and to predict the exact number of injection locations. Data was obtained for two different benchmark networks, medium-sized network Net3 and large-sized Richmond network. Additionally, an investigation of sensor layouts, demand uncertainty, and fuzzy sensors on model accuracy is conducted. The proposed approach shows excellent accuracy in predicting if single or multiple contaminant injections in a water supply network occurred and good accuracy for the exact number of injection locations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Li, Xinhai, Yong Cheng, Shaobo Ji, Xue Yang, and Lu Wang. "Sensitivity Analysis of Fuel Injection Characteristics of GDI Injector to Injector Nozzle Diameter." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030434.

Full text
Abstract:
The accuracy of a nozzle diameter directly affects the difference of the injection characteristics between the holes and productions of a GDI (gasoline direct injection) injector. In order to reduce the difference and guarantee uniform injection characteristics, this paper carried out a CFD simulation of the effect of nozzle diameter which fluctuated in a small range on single-cycle fuel mass. The sensitivity of the fuel injection quantity to the injector nozzle diameter was obtained. The results showed that the liquid phase ratio at the nozzle outlet decreased and the velocity of the outlet increased with the increase of the nozzle diameter. When fluctuating in a small range of nozzle diameters, the sensitivity of the single-hole fuel mass to the nozzle diameter remained constant. The increase of the injection pressure lead to the increase of the sensitivity coefficient of the single-hole fuel mass to the nozzle diameter. The development of cavitation in the nozzle and the deviation of the fuel jet from the axis were aggravated with the increase of the injection pressure. However, the fluctuation in a small range of nozzles had little effect on the near-nozzle flow.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Payri, Raul, Joaquin De la Morena, Vincenzo Pagano, Ali Hussain, Gilbert Sammut, and Les Smith. "One-dimensional modeling of the interaction between close-coupled injection events for a ballistic solenoid injector." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 4 (2018): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418760973.

Full text
Abstract:
In this article, an investigation of a solenoid common-rail injector has been carried out to understand the hydraulic interactions between close-coupled injection events. For this purpose, a one-dimensional model of the injector was developed on GT-SUITE software. The geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the internal elements of the injector, needed to construct the model, were obtained by means of different custom-made experimental tools. The dynamic behavior of the injector was characterized using an EVI rate of injection meter. The hydraulic results from the model show a good alignment with the experiments for single injections and a varied degree of success for multiple injections. Once the model was validated, it has been used to understand the injector performance under multiple-injection strategies. The mass of a second injection has shown to highly depend on the electrical dwell time, especially at low values, mostly due to the dynamic pressure behavior in the needle seat. The critical dwell time, defined as the minimum electrical dwell time needed to obtain two independent injection events, has been numerically obtained on a wide range of operating conditions and correlated to injection pressure and energizing time of the first injection. Finally, the increase in the needle opening velocity of the second injection compared to the single-injection case has been analyzed for close-coupled injection events.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Grandizio, Louis C., Amy Speeckaert, Justin Brothers, Jove Graham, and Joel C. Klena. "Predictors of Recurrence After Corticosteroid Injection for Trigger Digits." HAND 12, no. 4 (2016): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716668862.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrence of trigger digit following corticosteroid injection. Methods: A retrospective review identified patients 18 years and older who presented to a single fellowship-trained hand surgeon with a symptomatic trigger digit during a 1-year period. Baseline demographic data were recorded. Patients with persistent trigger digit after a single injection were offered a second injection. Patients refusing a second injection were excluded from our analysis. Patients with persistent symptoms after 2 injections were offered surgery. For patients with diabetes mellitus, additional information regarding method of disease control and hemoglobin A1c level was recorded. Results: The overall success of corticosteroid injection was 84% with 16% of patients requiring surgical release. Of the 240 patients successfully treated with injection, 99 (41%) required a second injection. Injections resulted in persistent triggering in 15% of patients with diabetes and 17% of patients without diabetes. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the 2 strongest risk factors for requiring surgical release were patient age and patients whose fourth digit of the right hand was injected. Diabetes was not a risk factor for persistent triggering after corticosteroid injection. Conclusions: Our findings can be used to counsel patients prior to their initial injection and suggest that patients with diabetes can be managed with corticosteroid injection with equal efficacy compared with patients without diabetes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Kaushik, Nikhil. "Single Injection of Anesthetic Agent." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 27, no. 7 (2001): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01010-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Teichmann, Klaus D. "Single-injection peribulbar local anaesthesia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 20, no. 2 (1992): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.1990.tb01832.x-i1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Abdellatif, Ahmed, James P. Bagian, Enrique Ruelas Barajas, et al. "Single Use of Injection Devices." Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 33, no. 7 (2007): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(07)33133-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Xifaras, G. P. "Single medial injection peribulbar anaesthesia." British Journal of Anaesthesia 75, no. 5 (1995): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/75.5.668.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

van Liessum, Peter A., Gerlach F. Pieters, Anthony G. Smals, Ad R. Hermus, TheoJ Benraad, and Peter W. Kloppenborg. "Single-dose response study of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in acromegaly." Acta Endocrinologica 121, no. 5 (1989): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1210714.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. The recommended dosage schedules for intermittent sc therapy with the somatostatin analogue octreotide in acromegaly vary widely, from 100 to 1500 μg daily. As acute administration of octreotide has been shown to predict its long-term response, we performed a single-dose response study in 5 patients with active acromegaly using doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg octreotide as well as a placebo injection. Plasma GH of 2 patients did not normalize after any of the injections, but nadir plasma GH overall gradually decreased as doses were increased from 25 to 400 μg. The 400 μg octreotide dose was superior with regard to the duration of plasma GH suppression to below 5 μg/l or 25% of the basal GH level, the mean GH as a percentage of the basal level over the first 4 and 8 h, and the integrated reduction of plasma GH during the first 4 and 8 h. The postprandial integrated insulin secretion during the first 3 h after injection of the octapeptide was significantly lower after 50, 100 and 400 μg than after the placebo injection. The mean plasma glucose as a percentage of the basal level during the first 8 h was significantly higher after octreotide after the 200 and 400 μg injections. Minor adverse events were seen in 2 patients after injection of 200 and 400 μg octreotide. Within the limitations of this single-dose response study it was concluded that injection of 400 μg octreotide yields the best results with regard to suppression of GH secretion, whereas the 50, 100 and 200 μg doses are superior to 25 μg, but do not differ from each other.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Epözdemir, Serdar, Deniz Turan, Fatma Ulus, and Ali Alagöz. "Comparison of Single-Injection and Multiple-Injection Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Preventing Pain after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 6, no. 2 (2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/093.

Full text
Abstract:
Aim: In our study, we aimed to compare the effect of single and multiple thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) patients who underwent video asisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) on hemodynamic parameters, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) and sedation scores, and total analgesic consumption. Materials and Method: The ASA II-III, age between 18 to 65 years, and body mass index lower than thirty, 60 patients who underwent elective VATS were included to this study. Patients were divided into two groups as single (Group S), (n:30) and multiple (Group M), (n:30) TPVB. Block was performed at T6 level in Group S and at T4, T6, T8 levels in Group M by using 21 mL 0.5 % bupivacaine. Intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) was performed for both groups after surgery. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), Ramsay sedation score (RSS), tramadol consumption during 24 hours, resting and coughing VAS scores were recorded before PCA and at 30th, first, second, 6th, 12th, 20th, and 24th hours of postoperative periods. 50 mg iv dexketoprophene was administered when coughing VAS score above the 4. Despite the iv dexketoprophene, in case of consistent pain 1 gr iv paracetamol was given to the patients, and all additional analgesic requirement was recorded. Results: Hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups during postoperative period (p>0.05). VAS scores were higher in Group M but there were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Additional analgesic requirement was significantly higher in Group M, (p>0.04). Cumulative tramadol consumption was comparable between the groups, (p>0.05). Conclusion: In TPVB, it was observed that single and multiple injections provided similar postoperative pain scores and postoperative cumulative tramadol consumption, but we observed a high additional analgesic requirement in multiple injection group. Based on this result, we concluded that there would be no need to disturb patient comfort and prolong the procedure by applying multiple injections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Yongfei Gao, Yongfei Gao, Junxuan Zhang Junxuan Zhang, Huaguo Zang Huaguo Zang, Xiaolei Zhu Xiaolei Zhu, Yingjie Yu Yingjie Yu, and and Weibiao Chen and Weibiao Chen. "Stable single-mode operation of injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser by sine voltage modulation." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 7 (2016): 071401–71404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.071401.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Gharehghani, Ayat, Alireza Kakoee, Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Thanos Megaritis, and Apostolos Pesyridis. "Numerical Investigation of an RCCI Engine Fueled with Natural Gas/Dimethyl-Ether in Various Injection Strategies." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061638.

Full text
Abstract:
Reactivity control compression ignition engines illustrated suitable abilities in emission reduction beside high thermal efficiency. In this research, nine various direct fuel injection strategies were studied numerically: three cases with single injection strategy and six cases with split injection and different start of injection (SOI). In all simulated cases, equivalence ratio kept constant (i.e., 0.3). Among various strategies, single injection showed higher IMEP as a factor of efficiency with about 5.39 bar that occurred at SOI = 60 before top dead center (bTDC), while lower efficiency was observed for split injection case with 50%-50% injections of fuel in each injection stage. Start of combustion (SOC), burn duration and CA50 as factors for combustion characteristics were affected with SOI changes. In single SOI strategies, more advanced injection caused more advanced SOC where there was about 1.3 CAD advancing from 40 to 80 bTDC injection. Spilt SOI showed more advanced SOC, which, also more advanced, was allocated to 50%-50% split injection strategy. There was also the same trend in CA50 changes during change in SOI. Burn duration variations were insignificant and all of them approximately close to 4.5 CAD. According to the emissions researched in this study (Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), monoxide carbon (CO) and unburned hydro carbons (UHC)), all of these pollutants are below euro six diesel standards. Contours of emissions show that there were appropriate SOI for each case study, which were 45 degree bTDC for single strategy, 48 degree bTDC for 80%-20% mass injection and 70 degree bTDC for 50%-50% cases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Milone, Michael T., Adnan Karim, Christopher S. Klifto, and John T. Capo. "Analysis of Expected Costs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment Strategies." HAND 14, no. 3 (2017): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717743597.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Over 500 000 carpal tunnel releases costing over $2 billion are performed each year in the United States. The study’s purpose is to perform a cost-minimizing analysis to identify the least costly strategy for carpal tunnel syndrome treatment utilizing existing success rates based on previously reported literature. Methods: We evaluate the expected cost of various treatment strategies based on the likelihood of further treatments: (1) a single steroid injection followed by surgical release; (2) up to 2 steroid injections before surgical release; (3) 3 steroid injections before surgery, and (4) immediate surgical release. To reflect costs, we use our institution’s billing charges to private payers and reimbursements from Medicare. A range of expected steroid injection success rates are employed based on previously published literature. Results: Immediate surgical release is the costliest treatment with an expected cost of $2149 to $9927 per patient. For immediate surgical release to cost less than a single injection attempt, the probability of surgery after injection would need to exceed 80% in the Medicare reimbursement model and 87% in the institutional billing model. A single steroid injection with subsequent surgery, if needed, amounts to a direct cost savings of $359 million annually compared with immediate surgical release. Three injections before surgery, with “high” expected success rates, represent the cost-minimizing scenario. Conclusions: Although many factors must be considered when deciding upon treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, direct payer cost is an important component, and the initial management with steroid injections minimizes these direct payer costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Sevivas, Nuno, Fábio Gabriel Teixeira, Raquel Portugal, et al. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: A Potential Tool for the Prevention of Muscle Degenerative Changes Associated With Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 1 (2016): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516657827.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) are usually chronic lesions with pronounced degenerative changes, where advanced fatty degeneration and atrophy can make the tear irreparable. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) secrete a range of growth factors and vesicular systems, known as secretome, that mediates regenerative processes in tissues undergoing degeneration. Purpose: To study the effect of hMSC secretome on muscular degenerative changes and shoulder function on a rat MRCT model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A bilateral 2-tendon (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) section was performed to create an MRCT in a rat model. Forty-four Wistar-Han rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control group (sham surgery), lesion control group (MRCT), and 4 treated-lesion groups according to the site and periodicity of hMSC secretome injection: single local injection, multiple local injections, single systemic injection, and multiple systemic injections. Forelimb function was analyzed with the staircase test. Atrophy and fatty degeneration of the muscle were evaluated at 8 and 16 weeks after injury. A proteomic analysis was conducted to identify the molecules present in the hMSC secretome that can be associated with muscular degeneration prevention. Results: When untreated for 8 weeks, the MRCT rats exhibited a significantly higher fat content (0.73% ± 0.19%) compared with rats treated with a single local injection (0.21% ± 0.04%; P < .01) or multiple systemic injections (0.25% ± 0.10%; P < .05) of hMSC secretome. At 16 weeks after injury, a protective effect of the secretome in the multiple systemic injections (0.62% ± 0.14%; P < .001), single local injection (0.76% ± 0.17%; P < .001), and multiple local injections (1.35% ± 0.21%; P < .05) was observed when compared with the untreated MRCT group (2.51% ± 0.42%). Regarding muscle atrophy, 8 weeks after injury, only the single local injection group (0.0993% ± 0.0036%) presented a significantly higher muscle mass than that of the untreated MRCT group (0.0794% ± 0.0047%; P < .05). Finally, the proteomic analysis revealed the presence of important proteins with muscle regeneration, namely, pigment epithelium-derived factor and follistatin. Conclusion: The study data suggest that hMSC secretome effectively decreases the fatty degeneration and atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles. Clinical Relevance: We describe a new approach for decreasing the characteristic muscle degeneration associated with chronic rotator cuff tears. This strategy is particularly important for patients whose tendon healing after later surgical repair could be compromised by the progressing degenerative changes. In addition, both precise intramuscular local injection and multiple systemic secretome injections have been shown to be promising delivery forms for preventing muscle degeneration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Ghiji, Mohammadmahdi, Laurie Goldsworthy, P. A. Brandner, V. Garaniya, and P. Hield. "END OF INJECTION PROCESS IN A SINGLE-HOLE DIESEL INJECTOR." Atomization and Sprays 28, no. 1 (2018): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.2018020100.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography