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Journal articles on the topic 'A time for decisions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Ordóñez, Lisa, and Lehman Benson. "Decisions under Time Pressure: How Time Constraint Affects Risky Decision Making." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 71, no. 2 (August 1997): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2717.

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2

Ciganek, Andrew Paul, William (Dave) Haseman, and K. Ramamurthy. "Time to decision: the drivers of innovation adoption decisions." Enterprise Information Systems 8, no. 2 (May 24, 2012): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2012.690453.

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3

Trunkey, D. D. "A time for decisions." British Journal of Surgery 75, no. 10 (October 1988): 937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800751002.

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4

Khwaja, Ahmed, Dan Silverman, and Frank Sloan. "Time preference, time discounting, and smoking decisions." Journal of Health Economics 26, no. 5 (September 2007): 927–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.02.004.

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5

Nagy, Viktor. "Evaluation of Decision Effectiveness Over Time." Economics and Culture 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2018-0018.

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Abstract In this paper, the results of my research are presented that was carried out on a large sample to investigate how people look back at their previous business decisions. After a short literature overview, considering the role of time, the paper deals with the primary research: how people judge their decisions in the short term and in the long run, that is, how confident they are that the right one was chosen applying the available knowledge of facts and conditions connected with or relevant to their situation. Using statistical methods, comparisons were made, for example, based on the respondents’ gender, so it turns out whether gender has an influence on self-confidence or on exactness of judgement. Does the position, that is, the rank matter? Can it be assumed that the farther one gets up the corporate ladder, the more certainty can be observed about their decisions? And what about educational level? Does it influence judgement in a decision? Those who do not regret their decisions after a while, that is, after the original decisions were made, while being in possession of the information available later, can be more successful in business because they made the best decision. Trying to identify such characteristics or factors can be an advantage in the business life.

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6

Mukomel', V. I. "A Time for Responsible Decisions." Soviet Sociology 29, no. 2 (March 1990): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154290262.

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7

Mukomel, V. I. "A Time for Responsible Decisions." Soviet Review 31, no. 4 (July 1990): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428310421.

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8

Khripunov, Igor. "MINATOM: Time for Crucial Decisions." Problems of Post-Communism 48, no. 4 (July 2001): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2001.11655942.

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9

Mayhorn, Christopher B., Arthur D. Fisk, and Justin D. Whittle. "Decisions, Decisions: Analysis of Age, Cohort, and Time of Testing on Framing of Risky Decision Options." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 44, no. 4 (December 2002): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496935.

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10

Ryus, Caitlin, and Jay Baruch. "The Duty of Mind: Ethical Capacity in a Time of Crisis." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 5 (November 2, 2017): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.120.

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AbstractIn a disaster, physicians are forced to make challenging and heartbreaking ethical decisions under conditions of physical and emotional exhaustion. Evidence shows that the conditions of stress that mark disasters can undermine the process of ethical decision-making. This results in biased allocation of scarce resources, fewer utilitarian and altruistic decisions, and a wider variation in decisions. Stress also predisposes clinicians to decision strategy errors, such as premature closure, that lead to poor outcomes. The very ability to make sound and ethical decisions is thus a scarce resource. Ethical frameworks underpinning disaster protocols enumerate many physician obligations, but seldom articulate the risk posed by having decisions made ad hoc by decision-makers who are compromised by the stress of the concurrent crisis. We propose, therefore, that a “duty of mind”—the obligation to make critical decisions under the clearest possible state of thought—be added to ethical frameworks for disaster response. Adding the duty of mind to the pillars on which planning is based would force attention to a moral imperative to include decision support tools in disaster planning. By moving the consideration of possible choices to a moment when time and consultation facilitate clear and considered thought, the duty of mind is upheld. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:657–662)

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11

Cardno, Catherine A. "Real-Time Tools Enable Real-Time Safety Decisions." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 89, no. 8 (September 2019): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001418.

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12

Regnier, Eva D. "What Is Six Hours Worth? The Impact of Lead Time on Tropical-Storm Preparation Decisions." Decision Analysis 17, no. 1 (March 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.2019.0396.

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Emergency managers must make high-stakes decisions regarding preparation for tropical storms when there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the storm’s impacts. Forecast quality improves as lead time until the forecast events declines. Reducing the lead time required for preparation decisions can substantially improve the quality of forecasts available for decision making and thereby, reduce the expected total costs of preparations plus storm damage. Measures of forecast quality are only indirectly linked to their value in preparation decisions and changes in the parameters of those decisions—in particular lead time. This paper provides decision-relevant measures of the quality of recent National Hurricane Center forecasts from the 2014–2018 seasons, which can be used to evaluate reductions in decision lead time in terms of false alarm rate, missed detections, and expected annual costs. For decision makers in some regions with decision lead times of 48–72 hours—typical for evacuation decisions—every 6-hour reduction in required lead time can reduce the false alarm rate by more than 10%.

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13

Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras, Artūras Kaklauskas, Audrius Banaitis, and Vaidotas Trinkūnas. "SYSTEM FOR REAL TIME SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SELECTION." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2005.9637531.

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The significant part of the constructions’ value consists of construction materials price. With the aim of using financial resources for the construction effectively, it is very important that well considered and reasonable decisions should be made regarding the selection of construction materials. Most of all construction on‐line systems seek to find how to make the most economic construction decisions and essentially these decisions are intended only for economic objectives. Construction alternatives that are under evaluation have to be evaluated not only from the economic position, but also take into consideration qualitative, technical, technological and other characteristics. Additionally, in seeking to facilitate the work of decision‐makers, computer technologies are used that operates according to particular models. These models are based on special mathematical methods in order to facilitate decision‐making and apply to a certain decision area. In this article, the possibilities of applying methods for popular decision‐making are analyzed regarding the selection of construction materials.

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14

EGUCHI, Toru, Naoshi HOSHINO, Tetsuya KISHIMOTO, Takaaki IIO, and Takeshi MURAYAMA. "1909 Active Schedule Generation Algorithm that Makes Decisions According to Time Progress." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _1909–1_—_1909–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._1909-1_.

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15

Jakubczyk, MK, E. Kowalik, and MP Niewada. "PMD25 THE TIME INCONSISTENCY OF DECISIONS IN PHARMACOECONOMIC SEQUENTIAL DECISION PROBLEMS." Value in Health 6, no. 6 (November 2003): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)62037-2.

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16

Glazer, Rashi, and Allen M. Weiss. "Marketing in Turbulent Environments: Decision Processes and the Time-Sensitivity of Information." Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 4 (November 1993): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000409.

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The authors study the relationship among information processing, marketing decisions, and performance in turbulent markets—i.e., markets in which the time-sensitivity of information is a major factor in decision making. Drawing on both organizational contingency theory and individual behavioral decision research, the authors suggest that successful performance depends on the congruence between the level of marketplace turbulence and the information-processing style and associated decisions adopted. They focus by way of example on the decision processes embodied in formal planning procedures. Using the results from an experiment conducted with a strategic marketing simulation game, they show that “planning” leads both to an underweighting of the time-sensitivity of marketplace information and toward a bias in favor of certain marketing decisions over others—decisions that, in this case, result in inferior performance in turbulent markets when compared with that of decision makers not engaged in formal planning. They discuss the implications of the findings for managerial behavior in turbulent markets.

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17

Wright, Megan S. "Dementia, Healthcare Decision Making, and Disability Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S4 (2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519898040.

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Persons with dementia often prefer to participate in decisions about their health care, but may be prevented from doing so because healthcare decision-making law facilitates use of advance directives or surrogate decision makers for persons with decisional impairments such as dementia. Federal and state disability law provide alternative decision-making models that do not prevent persons with mild to moderate dementia from making their own healthcare decisions at the time the decision needs to be made. In order to better promote autonomy and wellbeing, persons with dementia should be accommodated and supported so they can make their own healthcare decisions.

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18

Piercey, C. Darren. "Emphasizing Nonword Decisions in Word-Decision Performance." Psychological Reports 103, no. 1 (August 2008): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.1.97-101.

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A robust finding in the lexical decision literature is that decisions to words are made more quickly and accurately than decisions to nonwords. When instructions are presented to participants prior to an experiment, an emphasis is usually placed on identifying words. This study assessed whether instructing participants to emphasize nonword decisions would affect the performance of the speed and accuracy of identification. A total of 98 individuals took part, 49 in a Word Instruction condition and 49 in a Nonword Instruction condition. Analysis indicated changes in emphasis on words versus nonwords decreased the difference in mean reaction time between word and nonword decisions. An interesting finding is that the manipulation of instructions affected reaction times to words but not to nonwords. The analysis of accuracy yielded no significant comparisons. Further research is required to assess the importance of the finding that the manipulation of instructions affects only word decisions.

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19

Fox, Janna. "Test decisions over time: tracking validity." Language Testing 21, no. 4 (October 2004): 437–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0265532204lt292oa.

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20

Egyed, A., and D. S. Wile. "Support for managing design-time decisions." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 32, no. 5 (May 2006): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2006.48.

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21

Soepenberg, O., A. Sparreboom, M. J. A. de Jonge, A. S. Th Planting, G. de Heus, W. J. Loos, C. M. Hartman, C. Bowden, and J. Verweij. "Real-time pharmacokinetics guiding clinical decisions." European Journal of Cancer 40, no. 5 (March 2004): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2003.11.027.

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22

Rau, Holger A. "Time preferences in decisions for others." Economics Letters 200 (March 2021): 109766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109766.

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23

Buchholz, Peter, Iryna Dohndorf, and Dimitri Scheftelowitsch. "Optimal decisions for continuous time Markov decision processes over finite planning horizons." Computers & Operations Research 77 (January 2017): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2016.08.003.

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24

Leitch, Robert A., Patrick R. Philipoom, and Timothy D. Fry. "Opportunity Costing Decision Heuristics for Product Acceptance Decisions." Journal of Management Accounting Research 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2005.17.1.95.

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Full-cost heuristics have been proposed as proxies for opportunity costs in order acceptance decisions. We continue this investigation by considering the effect of different levels of stochastic product demand, lead-time allowances, variations in product cost structure, and the balance of workstation capacity, on the efficacy of the full-cost heuristic compared to other accounting based heuristics. We use simulation to consider a common job shop where order arrivals are stochastic and capacity acquisition takes place prior to demand realization. We find that the full-cost heuristic performs well when lead-time allowances are long and the shop is balanced. However, deviations from these conditions can lead to a reduction in its usefulness and better performance by other accounting heuristics.

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25

Kiss, Hubert Janos, Ismael Rodriguez-Lara, and Alfonso Rosa-Garcia. "Does response time predict withdrawal decisions? Lessons from a bank-run experiment." Review of Behavioral Finance 12, no. 3 (November 12, 2019): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-07-2018-0070.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how response time in a laboratory experiment on bank runs affects withdrawal decisions. Design/methodology/approach In the authors’ setup, the bank has no fundamental problems, depositors decide sequentially whether to keep the money in the bank or to withdraw, and they may observe previous decisions depending on the information structure. The authors consider two levels of difficulty of decision-making conditional on the presence of strategic dominance and strategic uncertainty. The authors hypothesize that the more difficult the decision, the longer is the response time, and the predictive power of response time depends on difficulty. Findings The authors find that response time is longer in information sets with strategic uncertainty compared to those without (as expected), but the authors do not find such relationship when considering strategic dominance (contrary to the hypothesis). Response time correlates negatively with optimal decisions in information sets with a dominant strategy (contrary to the expectation) and also when decisions are obvious in the absence of strategic uncertainty (in line with the hypothesis). When there is strategic uncertainty, the authors find suggestive evidence that response time predicts optimal decisions. Research limitations/implications Being a laboratory experiment, it is questionable if depositors in real life behave similarly (external validity). Practical implications Since episodes of bank runs are characterized by strategic uncertainty, the result that under strategic uncertainty, longer response time leads to better decisions suggests that suspension of convertibility is a useful tool to curb banking panics. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study concerning the relationship between response time and the optimality of decisions in a bank-run game.

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26

De Palma, André, Asad J. Khattak, and Deepak Gupta. "Commuters’ Departure Time Decisions in Brussels, Belgium." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-19.

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Factors that influence commuters’ departure time decisions are explored, especially the trade-off between travel time and schedule delay. Stated and reported behavior data obtained from a survey of commuters in Brussels, Belgium, were used to analyze the influence of socioeconomic and contextual variables. The key findings were as follows. Daily schedules for flextime and fixed-time commuters were quite similar, suggesting that flextime commuters do not extensively use their flexibility to avoid peak-period congestion. When commuters changed their departure times between home and work, their arrival times shifted by a similar amount. This implies that the shortening of travel time is not as critical as other reasons, such as requirements and personal convenience, in motivating departure time changes. Furthermore, 35 to 50 percent of the respondents were unwilling to change their departure times to save 10 min of travel time. Therefore, departure time changes may not be feasible in many cases for the range of travel times encountered in urban areas. Among those willing to make further trade-offs by changing departure times, the values for the early and late schedule delay–travel time trade-off were similar for both the stated and the reported preferences and were broadly consistent with those from other studies. The travel time–schedule delay trade-off values are calculated for the a.m. and p.m. commutes. Commuters who experienced longer travel times were more likely to change their departure times. When changing departure times, females and managers were less likely to depart from home later than usual, and managers were also more likely to depart earlier than usual. To analyze relationships empirically, ordinary-least-squares and tobit models of departure time are estimated. Finally, the implications are discussed.

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27

Smith, Kelly, JoNell Strough, Andrew Parker, and Wandi Bruine de Bruin. "Optimizing and Compensatory Functions of Social Decision-Making Preferences." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1833.

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Abstract When making decisions, older people may prefer to work with others to optimize their performance or to compensate for declines in decision-making ability. Using participants from RAND’s American Life Panel (N=1075, Mage = 53.49, we investigated associations among self-reported preferences to make decisions alone and with others, perceived ability to make decisions (compared to age peers and over time), and perceived benefits of aging for decision-making. Older age and perceiving better decision-making abilities relative to peers were associated with greater preferences to make decisions alone and lesser preferences to make decisions with others. Greater preferences for making decisions with others were associated with perceiving improvements in decision-making ability over time and more positive beliefs about aging and decision making. Women were more likely than men to report preferring to make decisions with others. We discuss optimizing and compensatory functions of social preferences for decision making.

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28

Glöckner, Andreas, and Sara D. Hodges. "Parallel Constraint Satisfaction in Memory-Based Decisions." Experimental Psychology 58, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000084.

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Three studies sought to investigate decision strategies in memory-based decisions and to test the predictions of the parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model for decision making (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008). Time pressure was manipulated and the model was compared against simple heuristics (take the best and equal weight) and a weighted additive strategy. From PCS we predicted that fast intuitive decision making is based on compensatory information integration and that decision time increases and confidence decreases with increasing inconsistency in the decision task. In line with these predictions we observed a predominant usage of compensatory strategies under all time-pressure conditions and even with decision times as short as 1.7 s. For a substantial number of participants, choices and decision times were best explained by PCS, but there was also evidence for use of simple heuristics. The time-pressure manipulation did not significantly affect decision strategies. Overall, the results highlight intuitive, automatic processes in decision making and support the idea that human information-processing capabilities are less severely bounded than often assumed.

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29

Sun, Yu, and Yiping Zhong. "Dynamics of environmental decision making: A preliminary study." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.10037.

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Little research attention has been paid to the cognitive processes underlying environmental decision making. We examined environmental decisions in public and private spheres made under different decision time periods, using a minimal version of the dictator game. Participants made binary decisions according to whether they would cede their cash proceeds to support environmental conservation. The results show that time pressure amplified participants' behavioral preferences: More proenvironmental choices were made under time pressure than when there was a time delay allowed or when there was no time limit on the decision. This bias was found to occur intuitively, without significant differences resulting from the environmental decisions being in public versus private spheres. These findings provide preliminary evidence that environmental decisions are the outcome of intuitive and deliberative processes.

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30

Ratcliff, Roger, and Jeffrey N. Rouder. "Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions." Psychological Science 9, no. 5 (September 1998): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00067.

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The diffusion model for two-choice real-time decisions is applied to four psychophysical tasks. The model reveals how stimulus information guides decisions and shows how the information is processed through time to yield sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect decisions. Rapid two-choice decisions yield multiple empirical measures: response times for correct and error responses, the probabilities of correct and error responses, and a variety of interactions between accuracy and response time that depend on instructions and task difficulty. The diffusion model can explain all these aspects of the data for the four experiments we present. The model correctly accounts for error response times, something previous models have failed to do. Variability within the decision process explains how errors are made, and variability across trials correctly predicts when errors are faster than correct responses and when they are slower.

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31

Manandhar, Bhai Raja. "Time to Make Bold and Sensible Decisions." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 15 (October 21, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11283.

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32

Kocher, Martin G., Julius Pahlke, and Stefan T. Trautmann. "Tempus Fugit: Time Pressure in Risky Decisions." Management Science 59, no. 10 (October 2013): 2380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1711.

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33

Donnelly, Ryan, and Luhui Gan. "Optimal Decisions in a Time Priority Queue." Applied Mathematical Finance 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 107–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350486x.2018.1506257.

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34

Devenport, J. A., and L. D. Devenport. "Time-dependent decisions in dogs (Canis familiaris)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 107, no. 2 (1993): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.107.2.169.

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35

Zushi, Nobuhide, Eleonora Curlo, and Gloria P. Thomas. "The reflection effect in time-related decisions." Psychology & Marketing 26, no. 9 (August 5, 2009): 793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20300.

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36

Denant-Boemont, Laurent, Enrico Diecidue, and Olivier l’Haridon. "Patience and time consistency in collective decisions." Experimental Economics 20, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10683-016-9481-4.

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37

Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy, and Piyush Kumar. "Self-Other Discrepancies in Waiting Time Decisions." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 87, no. 2 (March 2002): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2980.

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38

Dexter, Franklin, Richard H. Epstein, Rodney D. Traub, Yan Xiao, and David C. Warltier. "Making Management Decisions on the Day of Surgery Based on Operating Room Efficiency and Patient Waiting Times." Anesthesiology 101, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200412000-00027.

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The authors review the scientific literature on operating room management operational decision making on the day of surgery. (1) Some decisions should rely on the expected (mean) duration of the scheduled case. Other decisions should use upper prediction bounds, lower prediction bounds, and other measures reflecting the uncertainty of case duration estimates. One single number cannot be used for good decision making, because durations are uncertain. (2) Operational decisions can be made on the day of surgery based on four ordered priorities. (3) Decisions to reduce overutilized operating room time rely on mean durations. Limited additional data are needed to make these decisions well, specifically, whether a patient is in each operating room and which cases are about to finish. (4) Decisions involving reducing patient (and surgeon) waiting times rely on quantifying uncertainties in case durations, which are affected highly by small sample sizes. Future studies should focus on using real-time display of data to reduce patient waiting.

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39

Costeniuc, Marius, Michaela Schnetzer, and Luca Taschini. "Entry and Exit Decision Problem with Implementation Delay." Journal of Applied Probability 45, no. 04 (December 2008): 1039–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200004964.

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We study investment and disinvestment decisions in situations where there is a time lagd> 0 from the timetwhen the decision is taken to the timet+dwhen the decision is implemented. In this paper we apply the probabilistic approach to the combined entry and exit decisions under the Parisian implementation delay. In particular, we prove the independence between Parisian stopping times and a general Brownian motion with drift stopped at the stopping time. Relying on this result, we solve the constrained maximization problem, obtaining an analytic solution to the optimal ‘starting’ and ‘stopping’ levels. We compare our results with the instantaneous entry and exit situation, and show that an increase in the uncertainty of the underlying process hastens the decision to invest or disinvest, extending a result of Bar-Ilan and Strange (1996).

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Costeniuc, Marius, Michaela Schnetzer, and Luca Taschini. "Entry and Exit Decision Problem with Implementation Delay." Journal of Applied Probability 45, no. 4 (December 2008): 1039–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1231340232.

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We study investment and disinvestment decisions in situations where there is a time lagd> 0 from the timetwhen the decision is taken to the timet+dwhen the decision is implemented. In this paper we apply the probabilistic approach to the combined entry and exit decisions under the Parisian implementation delay. In particular, we prove the independence between Parisian stopping times and a general Brownian motion with drift stopped at the stopping time. Relying on this result, we solve the constrained maximization problem, obtaining an analytic solution to the optimal ‘starting’ and ‘stopping’ levels. We compare our results with the instantaneous entry and exit situation, and show that an increase in the uncertainty of the underlying process hastens the decision to invest or disinvest, extending a result of Bar-Ilan and Strange (1996).

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41

Lindner, Florian, and Julia Rose. "No need for more time: Intertemporal allocation decisions under time pressure." Journal of Economic Psychology 60 (June 2017): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.12.004.

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42

Wozniak, Patricia J., and Kathleen K. Scholl. "Employment Decisions of Farm Couples: Full-Time or Part-Time Farming?" Home Economics Research Journal 17, no. 1 (September 1988): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077727x8801700104.

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43

Farsi, Jahangir Yadollahi, Pouria Nouri, and Abdolah Ahmadi Kafeshani. "Identifying Decision Making Biases in Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation Decisions." International Business Research 9, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n5p158.

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<p>Opportunities are the core of entrepreneurial process. By identifying, evaluating and exploiting lucrative opportunities, not only do entrepreneurs make profits for themselves, they also propel their societies to prosperity. In order to exploit opportunities, entrepreneurs need to make various decisions based on their evaluation of opportunities as well as their own capabilities. Most of the time, theses decision are made under reverse circumstances rife with uncertainty, ambiguity, lack of needed resources as well as high time pressure. Thus, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities are prone to decision making biases. In order to test this hypothesis, this paper conducted a qualitative content analysis approach by interviewing 17 Iranian entrepreneurs. According to our findings, overconfidence, escalation of commitment, planning fallacy and illusion of control are the common decision making biases in entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities.</p>

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44

Kalliski, Marc, Benedikt Beisheim, Daniel Krahè, Udo Enste, Stefan Krämer, and Sebastian Engell. "Real-time resource efficiency Indicators." atp edition 58 (January 1, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17560/atp.v58i01-02.553.

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Operational decisions in the day-to-day business of chemical production processes can have a significant impact on the energy and material efficiency. We propose to use real-time resource efficiency indicators (REI) to accurately monitor the energy and material efficiency in real-time and subsequently to use these in decision support for the operating staff. To guide industrial users during the development of REIs, a Namur ad-hoc working group (AK) Resource Efficiency Indicators for the operational use was set up to prepare a Namur Recommendation.

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Pullinger, John. "Misuse of statistics: Time to speak out." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210783.

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Statistics are the currency of debate and the basis for sound decisions. If they are misused the currency of debate is devalued and the basis for decision making is undermined. Without confidence in statistics, decision makers are flying blind when they make their choices and citizens are in the dark in seeking to hold those decision makers to account. Misuse of statistics undermines trust and by doing so it undermines democracy. This paper explores the safeguards available to protect against misuse of statistics. It describes the nature of the threats and how they are changing before assessing the responses. It concludes that there is unfinished business to be taken forward.

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Engel, Mimi, Marisa Cannata, and F. Chris Curran. "Principal influence in teacher hiring: documenting decentralization over time." Journal of Educational Administration 56, no. 3 (May 9, 2018): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-05-2017-0061.

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Purpose Over the past decade, policy researchers and advocates have called for the decentralization of teacher hiring decisions from district offices to school principals. The purpose of this paper is to document the trends across two and a half decades in principals’ reported influence over teacher hiring decisions in the USA and explore how and whether principal influence varies systematically across contexts. Design/methodology/approach Regression analysis with secondary data using seven waves of nationally representative data from the Schools and Staffing Survey. Findings Principals report increased influence over the 25 years that the data span. While principals of urban schools were much more likely to report having less influence over teacher hiring compared to their non-urban counterparts in the late 1980s and early 1990s, their reported influence increased more than that of other principals. Research limitations/implications Empowering principals as primary decision-makers assumes that they have the best information on which to make hiring decisions. At the same time, other research suggests that local teacher labor market dynamics contribute to the inequitable sorting of teachers across schools. This study raises questions regarding the implications of the increased influence of principals in teacher hiring on equity of access to quality teachers across schools. Originality/value This is the first study to explore whether and how principal influence in teacher hiring decisions has changed over time.

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Reilly, Christine Anne, Mike Danson, Laura Galloway, and Christina Beatty. "Thornbridge – From Microbrewery to Food and Drink Empire: ‘The Time and the Place, and a Lot of Good Luck’?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 16, no. 1 (February 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2015.0174.

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This case addresses the success of a particular type of business: a British microbrewery. The case focuses on the decisions made by the business owners, and on how these decisions have helped them to achieve growth and success. They believe their success has been the result of luck; however, there is evidence of good decision making and planning. This case can help students consider the importance of good decision making and forward planning from the early stages of starting a business. The study questions can help them consider the reasons behind decisions, with a view to increasing their understanding of the importance of always thinking about the next stage in business.

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Intyaswati, Drina, Eni Maryani, Dadang Sugiana, and Anter Venus. "Using Media for Voting Decision among First-time Voter College Students in West Java, Indonesia." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0028.

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This study aims to highlights the interactive effect between two different media in making voting decisions. Interaction between traditional and social media as the primary knowledge outlets adopted by students in decision making becomes the focus of the research. The study was conducted with the social context of the 2019 Indonesian General Election. The survey method used data from 1066 first-time voter college students at six public colleges in West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that social media that interact with television, radio, and newspapers significantly influenced voting decisions. The growing trend in online political talks significantly influenced the voting decision. It is worth noticing that the influence of the interaction used between social media and newspapers on voting decisions had a negative impact, thereby signifying that there was a decrease in the opportunity to vote using social media. This study shows the importance of interaction between social media as the primary political information source and traditional media to complement students' decision-making. Received: 28 October 2020 / Accepted: 11 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

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Shabanpour, Ramin, Nima Golshani, Joshua Auld, and Abolfazl (Kouros) Mohammadian. "Dynamics of Activity Time-of-Day Choice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2665, no. 1 (January 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2665-06.

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This study explored travelers’ decision behavior in selecting activity start times. The study examined the problem in the context of the Agent-based Dynamic Activity Planning and Travel Simulation (ADAPTS) activity-based travel demand model for the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area. A unique feature of the ADAPTS framework is its consideration of planning horizons for various activity attributes. Naturally, the various attributes of an activity—such as start time, duration, location, party involvement, and mode of travel—can be planned in different time horizons. An attribute that is planned affects the choice of other activity attributes. Therefore, developing a true behavioral time-of-day choice model would not be possible unless the planning order of activity attributes and the dynamics of travelers’ decision-making processes are taken into account. Similarly, it can be argued that there should be fundamental differences in the time-of-day decision process when other attributes of the activity are not yet planned but are to be decided at a later time. The presented time-of-day model aims to capture the dynamics of this decision process by considering the planning time horizons of other attributes of the activity, as well as the outcomes of the decisions. The study adopted the discrete choice approach to model activity timing decisions and a hybrid utility maximization and developed a regret minimization model to account for the heterogeneity of decision rules across choice variables. Analysis of the estimation results and parameter elasticities indicates that higher expected travel time, variations in travel time, and schedule occupancy rates for different time choices can significantly increase the regret value of the corresponding choice and therefore affect the time-of-day choice.

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Kong, Xiaoqiang, William L. Eisele, Yunlong Zhang, and Daren B. H. Cline. "Evaluating the Impact of Real-Time Mobility and Travel Time Reliability Information on Truck Drivers’ Routing Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 9 (September 21, 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118797508.

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This study represents the first research to investigate the impacts of two critical determinants—level of congestion and travel time reliability—on routing decisions with two groups of truck drivers having different levels of awareness of the real-time and the historical traffic conditions on available routes. The research analyzed 14,538 global positioning system devices recording trips on the I-495 crossing through Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, and 2,166 trips in the Dallas area, to explore how truck drivers make routing decisions based on real-time travel time and reliability information by applying a binary logistic regression model. Researchers found that for truck drivers who are not familiar with the historical traffic and travel time conditions on available routes, real-time congestion information is a significant factor in their routing decision-making process, while travel time reliability is not a major consideration. For frequent truck drivers who are familiar with the historical traffic and travel time conditions on available routes, travel time reliability is a significant factor in their routing decision-making process, and traffic congestion information is not a significant factor. These results bring more accuracy to travel time prediction and provide valuable insights into traffic management and reliability performance measures. Moreover, this research provides statistical evidence proving the potential value of delivering travel time reliability information to drivers, traffic management agencies, and navigation map developers.

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