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Journal articles on the topic 'A Unified Theory of Prime Distribution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Reddy.V, Veera Nagi, D. V. Ashok Kumar, and Venkata R. Kota. "Fuzzy-PI Controller based Modulated Multilevel UPQC under Faulty Conditions." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 7 (2020): 1010–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096513666200121094609.

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Background: This paper presents voltage and current quality improvement in high/medium electrical distribution system using modulated multilevel unified power quality conditioner (MM-UPQC). Nowadays, power quality is one of the major issues due to the increase in usage of more non-linear loads in agricultural, commercial, industrial sectors. The industrial loads produce large amount of harmonics and power imbalances, which cause various power quality related issues like poor power factor, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage interruption etc. Methods: The prime objective of this work is to desi

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Frank, Steven A., and Frank J. Bruggeman. "The Fundamental Equations of Change in Statistical Ensembles and Biological Populations." Entropy 22, no. 12 (2020): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121395.

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A recent article in Nature Physics unified key results from thermodynamics, statistics, and information theory. The unification arose from a general equation for the rate of change in the information content of a system. The general equation describes the change in the moments of an observable quantity over a probability distribution. One term in the equation describes the change in the probability distribution. The other term describes the change in the observable values for a given state. We show the equivalence of this general equation for moment dynamics with the widely known Price equatio

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Tang, Jau. "From Complex to Quaternions: Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis and Applications to Bose–Einstein Condensates." Symmetry 17, no. 7 (2025): 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071134.

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We present novel proofs of the Riemann hypothesis by extending the standard complex Riemann zeta function into a quaternionic algebraic framework. Utilizing λ-regularization, we construct a symmetrized form that ensures analytic continuation and restores critical-line reflection symmetry, a key structural property of the Riemann ξ(s) function. This formulation reveals that all nontrivial zeros of the zeta function must lie along the critical line Re(s) = 1/2, offering a constructive and algebraic resolution to this fundamental conjecture. Our method is built on convexity and symmetrical princi

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Hidayati, Nurul, and Eko Ruddy Cahyadi. "EVALUASI ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY MODEL." JIMFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi) 7, no. 2 (2021): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34203/jimfe.v7i2.3777.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian dengan pendekatan model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model dilakukan untuk mengkaji adopsi teknologi dan perilaku penggunaan aplikasi IPB Mobile khususnya IPB Mobile for Students. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu sebanyak 400 mahasiswa program sarjana. Data penelitian berupa data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuisioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan structural equation modelling partial least square (SEM-PLS). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa persepsi responden pada indikator-indikator mode

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Gao, Xing You. "The Second-Degree Price Discrimination of m Firms with n Demand Intervals Pricing Based on Cournot Model." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2432.

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Under the condition of linear demand function, the distribution law of equilibrium segment points of firms enforcing second-degree price discrimination to maximize respective revenues is analyzed in the case of m firms with n intervals pricing by using complete information static game theory. This is a promotion for two firms pricing with n segment intervals and m firms pricing with two segment intervals. The results show that: when m firms divide demand to enforce second-degree price discrimination, the necessary condition of revenue maximization is to divide demand into some intervals and le

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Randa Mostafa, Mostafa Abd-Elghany, Amr Soliman. "Price Forecasting Using Financial Technology by (GAMLSS) Theory of NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) for Sustainable Development Goals." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 29s (2025): 1016–24. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i29s.4620.

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Introduction: This study explores the relationships between sustainability rating, price forecasting rating, financial technology, and the NIST AI risk management framework (AI RMF) in the digital age.Objectives: The purpose is to crystallize an advanced price unified AI theory considering risk classifications to reinforce AI-RMF that facilitates the comprehensive transformation reshaping the competitive InsurTech industry from traditional Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda 2030. However, “Risk Measurement” is the biggest challenge of AI-

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Abdullah, Umar, and Djunita Pasaribu Rina. "Study on the Usage Behavior of PLN Mobile Application using UTAUT 2 Model among PLN Customers in North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Gorontalo." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 03 (2024): 1814–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10809032.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the factors affecting consumer behavior in Indonesia regarding the utilization of the PLN Mobile Application within the PLN Distribution Unit located in North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Gorontalo, employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. The selection of this model was based on its recent relevance to the adoption of the PLN Mobile Application. This research falls under the quantitative category. Sampling is performed using a non-probability sampling method known as purposive sampling. This research inv

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Setiadi, Hidayat. "Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan dan penggunaan aplikasi mobile banking pada bank buku 4 di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2." Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 5, no. 1 (2022): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v5i1.2306.

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The development of increasingly advanced technology supports the birth of various new product and service innovations in the banking industry so that an information technology (IT)-based business strategy is very important to gain competitive advantage and business competition. Increasing the need for ease of transactions anywhere and anytime as well as changes in banking transactions made by the public from cash transactions to non-cash (digital) transactions have resulted in significant growth in mobile banking transactions in Indonesia. Although the number of transactions using mobile banki

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Jakata, Owen, and Delson Chikobvu. "Extreme Value Modelling of the Monthly South African Industrial Index (J520) Returns." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 10, no. 2 (2021): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-906.

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This study uses Extreme Value Theory (EVT), Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) analysis as a unified tool for managing extreme financial risk. The study extends the application of the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) by modelling monthly South African Industrial Index (J520) returns (years: 1995C2018) to quantify the tail-related risk measures. The GPD is used to estimate the tail-related risk measures using the Peak over Threshold (PoT) method. Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of model parameters were obtained and the models goodness of fit was assessed graphically using Q

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10

Khalil, Lolav Ahmed. "Distribution of the prime numbers." Bulletin of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education 4, no. 1 (2024): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/bamme.v4i1.10408.

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This research explores the distribution of prime numbers, which are a fundamental topic in number theory. The study originated from the author's fascination with mathematics and the desire to discover something novel. The research proposes that the distribution of prime numbers follows a regular pattern starting from the number 2. The author suggests that prime numbers can be obtained by dividing certain even numbers that have four factors by the number 2, resulting in prime numbers in sequential order. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed through the practical application of the proposed

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Khalil, Lolav Ahmed. "On the Distribution of the Prime Numbers." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 20 (December 12, 2024): 182–89. https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.17.

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This research explores the distribution of prime numbers, which are a fundamental topic in number theory. The study originated from the author's fascination with mathematics and the desire to discover something novel. The research proposes that the distribution of prime numbers follows a regular pattern starting from the number 2. The author suggests that prime numbers can be obtained by dividing certain even numbers that have four factors by the number 2, resulting in prime numbers in sequential order. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed through the practical application of the proposed

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Kolpakov, Alexander, and A. Alistair Rocke. "Machine learning of the prime distribution." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0301240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301240.

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In the present work we use maximum entropy methods to derive several theorems in probabilistic number theory, including a version of the Hardy–Ramanujan Theorem. We also provide a theoretical argument explaining the experimental observations of Y.–H. He about the learnability of primes, and posit that the Erdős–Kac law would very unlikely be discovered by current machine learning techniques. Numerical experiments that we perform corroborate our theoretical findings.

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Beliakova, Anna, and Thang T. Q. Lê. "Integrality of quantum 3-manifold invariants and a rational surgery formula." Compositio Mathematica 143, no. 6 (2007): 1593–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x07003053.

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AbstractWe prove that the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev (WRT) SO(3) invariant of an arbitrary 3-manifold M is always an algebraic integer. Moreover, we give a rational surgery formula for the unified invariant dominating WRT SO(3) invariants of rational homology 3-spheres at roots of unity of order co-prime with the torsion. As an application, we compute the unified invariant for Seifert fibered spaces and for Dehn surgeries on twist knots. We show that this invariant separates Seifert fibered integral homology spaces and can be used to detect the unknot.

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14

Srinivasulu, Ch, and K. Chitti Babu. "Modern developments in number theory: Insights into prime distribution." Journal of Mathematical Problems, Equations and Statistics 5, no. 2 (2024): 123–25. https://doi.org/10.22271/math.2024.v5.i2b.160.

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Nicolás, José Alfonso López. "Advances in additive number theory." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 41 (December 26, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.51233.

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We obtain sufficient conditions to know if given a positive even integer number and a set of positive integer numbers being all even or all odd, such a number can be expressed as sum of two elements of this set. As consequence we obtain a result which, when applied to the prime numbers set, would prove Goldbach's Conjecture provided that certain conditions are satisfied. These hypothesis include Prime Consecutive Conjecture, which is a generalized form of Twin Prime Conjecture. In addition, we extend these results to sets of positive real numbers, even for two different sets. We also obtain a

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Oktaviani, Dinni Rahma, Muhammad Habiburrohman, and Fiki Syaban Nugroho. "ALTERNATIVE PROOF OF THE INFINITUDE PRIMES AND PRIME PROPERTIES." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 1 (2023): 0475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0475-0480.

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Prime numbers is one of kind number that have many uses, one of which is cryptography. The uniqueness of prime numbers in their divisors and distributions causes prime numbers to be widely used in digital security systems. In number theory, one of famous theorem is Euclid theorem. Euclid theorem says about infinitely of prime numbers. Many alternative proof has been given by mathematician to find new theory or approximation of prime properties. The construction of proof give new idea about properties of prime number. So, in this study, we will give an alternative proof of Euclid theorem and in

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17

Abdel-Mageed, M., Ahmed Salim, Walid Osamy, and Ahmed M. Khedr. "A Study on the Statistical Properties of the Prime Numbers Using the Classical and Superstatistical Random Matrix Theories." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9956518.

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The prime numbers have attracted mathematicians and other researchers to study their interesting qualitative properties as it opens the door to some interesting questions to be answered. In this paper, the Random Matrix Theory (RMT) within superstatistics and the method of the Nearest Neighbor Spacing Distribution (NNSD) are used to investigate the statistical proprieties of the spacings between adjacent prime numbers. We used the inverse χ 2 distribution and the Brody distribution for investigating the regular-chaos mixed systems. The distributions are made up of sequences of prime numbers fr

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18

Todorova, Tatyana L. "On the distribution of αp^2 + β modulo one for primes p such that p + 2 has no more two prime divisors". Mathematics and Education in Mathematics 53 (16 березня 2024): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/mem.2024.53.039-056.

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A classical problem in analytic number theory is to study the distribution of frac- tional part αp^k + β, k ≥ 1 modulo 1, where α is irrational and p runs over the set of primes. We consider the subsequence generated by the primes p such that p + 2 is an almost-prime (the existence of inﬁnitely many such p is another topical result in prime number theory) and prove that its distribution has a similar property.

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HIRTH, ULRICH MARTIN. "Probabilistic Number Theory, the GEM/Poisson-Dirichlet Distribution and the Arc-sine Law." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 6, no. 1 (1997): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548396002805.

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The prime factorization of a random integer has a GEM/Poisson-Dirichlet distribution as transparently proved by Donnelly and Grimmett [8]. By similarity to the arc-sine law for the mean distribution of the divisors of a random integer, due to Deshouillers, Dress and Tenenbaum [6] (see also Tenenbaum [24, II.6.2, p. 233]), – the ‘DDT theorem’ – we obtain an arc-sine law in the GEM/Poisson-Dirichlet context. In this context we also investigate the distribution of the number of components larger than ε which correspond to the number of prime factors larger than nε.

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Shparlinski, Igor E. "Distribution of exponential functions modulo a prime power." Journal of Number Theory 143 (October 2014): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2014.04.010.

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KELMER, DUBI. "DISTRIBUTION OF TWISTED KLOOSTERMAN SUMS MODULO PRIME POWERS." International Journal of Number Theory 06, no. 02 (2010): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042110002910.

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In this paper, we study Kloosterman sums twisted by multiplicative characters modulo a prime power. We show, by an elementary calculation, that these sums become equidistributed on the real line with respect to a suitable measure.

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GRANVILLE, ANDREW. "PRIME DIVISORS ARE POISSON DISTRIBUTED." International Journal of Number Theory 03, no. 01 (2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042107000778.

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We show that the set of prime factors of almost all integers are "Poisson distributed", and that this remains true (appropriately formulated) even when we restrict the number of prime factors of the integer. Our results have inspired analogous results about the distribution of cycle lengths of permutations.

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Irwin, Klee. "Toward the Unification of Physics and Number Theory." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 03, no. 01 (2019): 1950003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424942419500038.

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This paper introduces the notion of simplex-integers and shows how, in contrast to digital numbers, they are the most powerful numerical symbols that implicitly express the information of an integer and its set theoretic substructure. A geometric analogue to the primality test is introduced: when [Formula: see text] is prime, it divides [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. The geometric form provokes a novel hypothesis about the distribution of prime-simplexes that, if solved, may lead to a proof of the Riemann hypothesis. Specifically, if a geometric algorithm predicting the numbe

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Indlekofer, K. H., and E. Kaya. "Remarks on number theory over additive arithmetical semigroups." Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal 72, no. 3 (2020): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37863/umzh.v72i3.6042.

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UDC 511 We deal with additive arithmetical semigroups and present old and new proofs for the distribution of zeros of the corresponding ζ -functions. We use these results to prove prime number theorems and a Selberg formula for such semigroups.

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Wei, Xiuyuan, Wenyin Zhang, Bo Yang, Jiuru Wang, and Ziyun Xia. "Fragile Watermark in Medical Image Based on Prime Number Distribution Theory." Journal of Digital Imaging 34, no. 6 (2021): 1447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00524-4.

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Yan, Tongjiang, Pazilaiti Ainiwaer, and Lianbo Du. "On the 1-error linear complexity of two-prime generator." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 4 (2022): 5821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022322.

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<abstract><p>Jing et al. dealed with all possible Whiteman generalized cyclotomic binary sequences $ s(a, b, c) $ with period $ N = pq $, where $ (a, b, c) \in \{0, 1\}^3 $ and $ p, q $ are distinct odd primes (Jing et al. arXiv:2105.10947v1, 2021). They have determined the autocorrelation distribution and the 2-adic complexity of these sequences in a unified way by using group ring language and a version of quadratic Gauss sums. In this paper, we determine the linear complexity and the 1-error linear complexity of $ s(a, b, c) $ in details by using the discrete Fourier transform (

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Pintz, János. "A note on the distribution of normalized prime gaps." Acta Arithmetica 184, no. 4 (2018): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa171127-15-8.

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Cobeli, C. I., S. M. Gonek, and A. Zaharescu. "The distribution of patterns of inverses modulo a prime." Journal of Number Theory 101, no. 2 (2003): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-314x(03)00059-3.

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Lytvyn, Vitaliy. "Towards Structuring and Updating the Typology of Semi-Presidentialism Based on the Peculiarities of Dualism, Party Affiliation and Responsibility of the Executives and the Composition of Legislatures." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 40 (December 15, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.40.26-33.

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The article clarifies that the typology of semi-presidentialism, which outlines the real powers of political institutions and the peculiarities of relations among them in the triangle “president–prime minister/cabinet–parliament”, was initiated to place the institutions of president and prime minister in the environment of the distribution of powers and responsibilities in the executive and party composition of legislatures. Thus, it was recorded that semi-presidentialism can be represented in the form of the systems of both unified and divided government, as well as their variational derivati

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Gupta, Rohit, and Satyajit Jena. "Model Comparison of the Transverse Momentum Spectra of Charged Hadrons Produced in P b P b Collision at s N N = 5.02 TeV." Advances in High Energy Physics 2022 (June 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5482034.

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Transverse momentum, p T , spectra are of prime importance in order to extract crucial information about the evolution dynamics of the system of particles produced in the collider experiments. In this work, the transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons produced in P b P b collision at 5.02 TeV have been analyzed using different distribution functions in order to gain strong insight into the information that can be extracted from the spectra. We have also discussed the applicability of the unified statistical framework on the spectra of charged hadron at 5.02 TeV

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Nazmi, Hendra. "PENGARUH PROMOSI PENJUALAN DAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN FURING PRIMA PADA PT. BIRU INDOKON." JRMB (Jurnal Riset Manajemen & Bisnis) 6, no. 1 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jrmb.v6i1.3967.

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PT. Biru Indokon is a network steel distributor with the prime furing brand. The survey results revealed that several months ago problems arose related to sales promotions and distribution channels which caused sales targets to not be achieved as planned by the company. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of sales promotion and distribution channels on purchasing decisions. The theory used in this study is the theory of sales promotion, distribution channels, and purchasing decisions. The method used is a quantitative approach, the type of research is descriptive qu

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Li Shan, Li Xiong-Bing, Song Yong-Feng, and Chen Chao. "Ultrasonic sacttering unified theory for polycrystal material with grain sizes distribution." Acta Physica Sinica 67, no. 23 (2018): 234301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20181751.

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Fulara, Bhawana, Arvind Bhatt, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Shubham Agarwal, Geeta Mathpal, and Rajesh Mathpal. "Statistical Analysis and Distribution of Fermat Pseudoprimes Within the Given Interval." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 44 (October 30, 2024): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v44spl.010.

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Prime numbers are natural numbers that can only be divided by one and the original number. There is more than one of them. Error-correcting codes used in telecommunications are generated using prime numbers. They guarantee automatic message correction both during transmission and reception. Algorithms used in public-key cryptography are built upon primes. They're also employed in the production of pseudorandom numbers. Mathematicians and many other scientific and technological communities have always been fascinated by prime numbers. Additionally, computer engineers can use it to tackle a wide

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Gonek, S. M., G. S. Krishnaswami, and V. L. Sondhi. "The distribution of inverses modulo a prime in short intervals." Acta Arithmetica 102, no. 4 (2002): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa102-4-3.

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Fadinger, Victor, and Daniel Windisch. "On the distribution of prime divisors in Krull monoid algebras." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 226, no. 4 (2022): 106887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2021.106887.

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Coleman, M. D. "The distribution of points at which norm-forms are prime." Journal of Number Theory 41, no. 3 (1992): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-314x(92)90132-9.

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Clark, W. Edwin, and Larry W. Lewis. "Prime cyclic arithmetic codes and the distribution of power residues." Journal of Number Theory 32, no. 2 (1989): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-314x(89)90027-9.

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Xia, Ziyun, Wenyin Zhang, Huichuan Duan, Jiuru Wang, and Xiuyuan Wei. "Fragile watermarking scheme in spatial domain based on prime number distribution theory." Multimedia Tools and Applications 81, no. 5 (2022): 6477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11704-3.

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Islam, S. M. S., A. K. Z. Ahmed, H. Gunarto, and A. A. K. Majumdar. "A Unified Approach to the Sandor-Smarandache Function." Journal of Scientific Research 14, no. 3 (2022): 699–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.56205.

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The Sandor-Smarandache function, SS(n), is a recently introduced Smarandache-type arithmetic function, which involves binomial coefficients. It is known that SS(n) does not possess many of the common properties of the classical arithmetic functions of the theory of numbers. Sandor gave the expression of SS(n) when n ( ³ 3) is an odd integer. It is found that SS(n) has a simple form when n is even and not divisible by 3. In the previous papers, some closed-form expressions of SS(n) have been derived for some particular cases of n. This paper continues to find more forms of SS(n), starting from

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Sankei, Daniel, Loyford Njagi, and Josephine Mutembei. "Application of Odd Pairs of Partitions of an Even Number of a New Formulation in Validating the Twin Prime Conjecture." Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science 39, no. 9 (2024): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2024/v39i91925.

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The Twin Prime Conjecture posits the existence of infinitely many pairs of prime numbers (p, p + 2), where both p and p + 2 are prime. Despite centuries of investigation, a definitive proof remains elusive. Prime numbers, defined by their indivisibility except by one and themselves, display an apparently erratic distribution. Researchers have utilized a combination of theoretical insights, computational analysis, and innovative mathematical techniques in their quest to solve this conjecture. However, the unpredictable nature of prime occurrences has kept this problem open in Number Theory. Thi

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Shephard, N. G. "From Characteristic Function to Distribution Function: A Simple Framework for the Theory." Econometric Theory 7, no. 4 (1991): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600004746.

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A unified framework is established for the study of the computation of the distribution function from the characteristic function. A new approach to the proof of Gurland's and Gil-Pelaez's univariate inversion theorem is suggested. A multivariate inversion theorem is then derived using this technique.

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Arkolakis, Costas. "A Unified Theory of Firm Selection and Growth *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 1 (2016): 89–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv039.

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Abstract This article develops an analytical framework to study firm and exporter growth and provides a dynamic foundation for a standard general equilibrium trade model. Firm-level growth is the result of idiosyncratic productivity improvements with a continuous arrival of new potential producers. A firm enters a market if it is profitable to incur the marginal cost to reach the first consumer and pays an increasing marketing cost to reach additional consumers. I calibrate the model using data on the cross section of firm sales and bilateral trade, as well as the rate of incumbent firm exit.

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Ma, Wu-Xia, Yong-Gao Chen, and Bing-Ling Wu. "Distribution of the primes involving the ceiling function." International Journal of Number Theory 15, no. 03 (2019): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042119500313.

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The distribution of the primes of the forms [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are studied extensively, where [Formula: see text] denotes the largest integer not exceeding [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we will consider several new type problems on the distribution of the primes involving the ceiling (floor) function. For any real number [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the number of integers [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is prime and let [Formula: see text] be the number of primes [Formula: see

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Sri Wahyuni, Luh Made, and Ketut Widya Purnawati. "Sufiks –m(u) sebagai Pembentuk Verba Deadjektiva Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Morfologi dan Metabahasa Semantik Alami (MSA)." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 27, no. 2 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i02.p06.

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This research focuses in analyzing morphological processes and the semantic structure of deadjectival verb suffixation –m(u) in Japanese. Suffix -m(u) is one of the verb-forming suffixes in Japanese. The data was collected from newspaper article from website asahi.com and corpus data from website http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de. The data was collected by observation method and note-taking techniques. The data was analyzed using distribution method. The theory for analyzing the morphological processes is based on semantic class adjective developed by Morita (2010) and affixation theory developed

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Shparlinski, Igor E. "The Sato-Tate distribution in thin families of elliptic curves over high degree extensions of finite fields." International Journal of Number Theory 15, no. 03 (2019): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042119500246.

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Over the last two decades, there has been a wave of activity establishing the Sato-Tate kind of distribution in various families of elliptic curves over prime fields. Typically the goal here is to prove this for families which are as thin as possible. We consider a function field analogue of this question, that is, for high degree extensions of a finite field where new effects allow us to study families, which are much thinner that those typically investigated over prime fields.

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PUSTYL'NIKOV, L. D. "INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL GENERALIZED CONTINUED FRACTIONS, DISTRIBUTION OF QUADRATIC RESIDUES AND NON-RESIDUES, AND ERGODIC THEORY." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 05, no. 04 (2002): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025702000973.

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A new theory of generalized continued fractions for infinite-dimensional vectors with integer components is constructed. The results of this theory are applied to the classical problem on the distribution of quadratic residues and non-residues modulo a prime number and are based on the study of ergodic properties of some infinite-dimensional transformations.

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Kakkuri-Knuuttila, Marja-Liisa. "A Neo-Aristotelian Approach to a Unified Theory of Physics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2948, no. 1 (2025): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2948/1/012006.

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Abstract The core task of this paper is to demonstrate the heuristic merits of the Aristotelian philosophy of science as compared with the strict empiricism in constructing and justifying a unified theory of physics. The impetus for the study was the question of whether the success of the Dynamic Universe (DU) theory as a candidate for such a unification could be explained by energy as its basic notion (Suntola, T. 2018a, 2018b, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024), while the other unificatory attempts (string theories, inflation theory, and loop quantum gravity), all based on the notion of force, appear t

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Brito da Silva, Hamilton. "New properties of divisors of natural number." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 29, no. 2 (2023): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2023.29.2.276-283.

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The divisors of a natural number are very important for several areas of mathematics, representing a promising field in number theory. This work sought to analyze new relations involving the divisors of natural numbers, extending them to prime numbers. These are relations that may have an interesting application for counting the number of divisors of any natural number and understanding the behavior of prime numbers. They are not a primality test, but they can be a possible tool for this and could also be useful for understanding the Riemann’s zeta function that is strongly linked to the distr

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Delić, Marija, and Jelena Ivetić. "On the Maximum Probability of Full Rank of Random Matrices over Finite Fields." Mathematics 13, no. 3 (2025): 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13030540.

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The problem of determining the conditions under which a random rectangular matrix is of full rank is a fundamental question in random matrix theory, with significant implications for coding theory, cryptography, and combinatorics. In this paper, we study the probability of full rank for a K×N random matrix over the finite field Fq, where q is a prime power, under the assumption that the rows of the matrix are sampled independently from a probability distribution P over FqN. We demonstrate that the probability of full rank attains a local maximum when the distribution P is uniform over FqN∖{0},

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Newman, Dina L., Christina M. Catavero, and L. Kate Wright. "Students Fail to Transfer Knowledge of Chromosome Structure to Topics Pertaining to Cell Division." CBE—Life Sciences Education 11, no. 4 (2012): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.12-01-0003.

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Cellular processes that rely on knowledge of molecular behavior are difficult for students to comprehend. For example, thorough understanding of meiosis requires students to integrate several complex concepts related to chromosome structure and function. Using a grounded theory approach, we have unified classroom observations, assessment data, and in-depth interviews under the theory of knowledge transfer to explain student difficulties with concepts related to chromosomal behavior. In this paper, we show that students typically understand basic chromosome structure but do not activate cogniti

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