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1

Liu, Ning, Yinghua Jiang, Joon Yong Chung, et al. "Annexin A2 Deficiency Exacerbates Neuroinflammation and Long-Term Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (2019): 6125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246125.

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Our laboratory and others previously showed that Annexin A2 knockout (A2KO) mice had impaired blood–brain barrier (BBB) development and elevated pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, implying that Annexin A2 (AnxA2) might be one of the key endogenous factors for maintaining homeostasis of the neurovascular unit in the brain. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and neurovascular inflammation plays an important role in the TBI pathophysiology. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that A2KO promotes pro-inflammatory response in the brain and worsens neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. TBI was conducted by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device in mice. Our experimental results showed AnxA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in response to TBI at day three post-TBI. We also found more production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the A2KO mouse brain, while there was a significant increase of inflammatory adhesion molecules mRNA expression in isolated cerebral micro-vessels of A2KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, the A2KO mice brains had a significant increase in leukocyte brain infiltration at two days after TBI. Importantly, A2KO mice had significantly worse sensorimotor and cognitive function deficits up to 28 days after TBI and significantly larger brain tissue loss. Therefore, these results suggested that AnxA2 deficiency results in exacerbated early neurovascular pro-inflammation, which leads to a worse long-term neurologic outcome after TBI.
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2

Tomaszewski, Waldemar, Vladimir Gun’ko, Roman Leboda, and Jadwiga Skubiszewska-Zięba. "Interaction of methoxy- and methylenedioxyamphetamines with carbon and polymeric adsorbents in polar liquids." Open Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2010): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0042-y.

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AbstractSolid phase extraction (SPE) of methoxy- and methylenedioxyamphetamines from diluted aqueous solutions was investigated on carbon and polymeric adsorbents of different textures and chemical compositions. Those adsorbents were applied cartridges packed with three chemically modified carbons prepared from plum stones (initial A2PS, oxidized A2PS-O, and reduced A2PS-H) and commercially available adsorbents (polymeric LiChrolut EN, graphitized Hypercarb and Carboprep). Several factors influence the recovery rates of amphetamine derivatives such as the polarity of adsorbates (free energy of salvation), the specific surface area and surface composition of adsorbents, and the solvent characteristics. Different combinations of these factors affect the recovery rate (R1) for high- and low-surface area adsorbents. The minimal R1 values are observed for an amphetamine derivative at a maximal solvation effect and for a set of amphetamines adsorbed on graphitized carbons.
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3

Yates, P. J., R. Hazen, M. St. Clair, L. Boone, M. Tisdale, and R. C. Elston. "In Vitro Development of Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor GW640385." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 3 (2006): 1092–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.3.1092-1095.2006.

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ABSTRACT Development of in vitro resistance to GW640385, a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, was studied. Variants characterized included one with <4-fold resistance and amino acid substitutions Q58E/A71V (protease) and P452K (Gag) and one with >50-fold resistance and amino acid substitutions L10F/G16E/E21K/A28S/M46I/F53L/A71V (protease) and L449F/P453T (Gag). The A28S substitution substantially reduced replication capacity.
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4

de Almeida, Pedro. "Generating APL printouts with a2ps." ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad 35, no. 3 (2007): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1286361.1286363.

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5

Knopf, Alison. "Stimulants for preschool ADHD down, A2As up." Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly 32, no. 37 (2020): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adaw.32841.

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6

Xie, Jingli, Zhiguo Luo, and Guoping Chen. "Homoclinic Solutions for a Class of the Second-Order Impulsive Hamiltonian Systems." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/583107.

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This paper is concerned with the existence of homoclinic solutions for a class of the second order impulsive Hamiltonian systems. By employing the Mountain Pass Theorem, we demonstrate that the limit of a2kT-periodic approximation solution is a homoclinic solution of our problem.
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7

Nigam, Santosh, and Tankred Schewe. "Phospholipase A2s and lipid peroxidation." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1488, no. 1-2 (2000): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00119-0.

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8

Paisansathan, Chanannait, Haoliang Xu, Francesco Vetri, Moises Hernandez, and Dale A. Pelligrino. "Interactions between adenosine and K+ channel-related pathways in the coupling of somatosensory activation and pial arteriolar dilation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 6 (2010): H2009—H2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00702.2010.

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Multiple, perhaps interactive, mechanisms participate in the linkage between increased neural activity and cerebral vasodilation. In the present study, we assessed whether neural activation-related pial arteriolar dilation (PAD) involved interactions among adenosine (Ado) A2 receptors (A2Rs), large-conductance Ca2+-operated K+ (BKCa) channels, and inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels. In rats with closed cranial windows, we monitored sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS)-induced PAD in the absence or presence of pharmacological blockade of A2Rs (ZM-241385), ecto-5′-nucleotidase (α,β-methylene-adenosine diphosphate), BKCa channels (paxilline), and Kir channels (BaCl2). Individually, these interventions led to 53–66% reductions in SNS-induced PADs. Combined applications of these blockers led to little or no further repression of SNS-induced PADs, suggesting interactions among A2Rs and K+ channels. In the absence of SNS, BaCl2 blockade of Kir channels produced 52–80% reductions in Ado and NS-1619 (BKCa channel activator)-induced PADs. In contrast, paxilline blockade of BKCa channels was without effect on dilations elicited by KCl (Kir channel activator) and Ado suffusions, indicating that Ado- and NS-1619-associated PADs involved Kir channels. In addition, targeted ablation of the superficial glia limitans was associated with a selective 60–80% loss of NS-1619 responses, suggesting that the BKCa channel participation (and paxilline sensitivity) derived largely from channels within the glia limitans. Additionally, blockade of either PKA or adenylyl cyclase caused markedly attenuated pial arteriolar responses to SNS and, in the absence of SNS, responses to Ado, KCl, and NS-1619. These findings suggested a key, possibly permissive, role for A2R-linked cAMP generation and PKA-induced K+ channel phosphorylation in somatosensory activation-evoked PAD.
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9

Gonzalez-Buritica, H., M. A. Khamashita, and G. R. Hughes. "Synovial fluid phospholipase A2s and inflammation." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 48, no. 4 (1989): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.48.4.267.

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10

Murakami, Makoto. "Novel functions of phospholipase A2s: Overview." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1864, no. 6 (2019): 763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.005.

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11

Ashton, Anthony W., Shankar Mukherjee, FNU Nagajyothi, et al. "Thromboxane A2is a key regulator of pathogenesis duringTrypanosoma cruziinfection." Journal of Cell Biology 177, no. 2 (2007): i4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1772oia4.

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12

Knopf, Alison. "Preschoolers with ADHD medicated with stimulants decreasing, A2As increasing." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 36, no. 10 (2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30495.

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13

REGELSON, W., and R. FRANSON. "Phospholipase A2as a "Death Trigger" in the Aging Process." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 621, no. 1 Physiological (1991): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb16985.x.

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14

Chen, Xi, Xia Liu, Qiang Gan, Changgen Feng, and Qian Zhang. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of A27S and K120A Mutated PTP1B Reveals Selective Binding of the Bidentate Inhibitor." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 8, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9852897.

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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is considered a potential target for the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity due to its critical negative role in the insulin signaling pathway. However, improving the selectivity of PTP1B inhibitors over the most closely related T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) remains a major challenge for inhibitor development. Lys120 at the active site and Ser27 at the second pTyr binding site are distinct in PTP1B and TCPTP, which may bring differences in binding affinity. To explore the determinant of selective binding of inhibitor, molecular dynamics simulations with binding free energy calculations were performed on K120A and A27S mutated PTP1B, and the internal changes induced by mutations were investigated. Results reveal that the presence of Lys120 induces a conformational change in the WPD-loop and YRD-motif and has a certain effect on the selective binding at the active site. Ser27 weakens the stability of the inhibitor at the second pTyr binding site by altering the orientation of the Arg24 and Arg254 side chains via hydrogen bonds. Further comparison of alanine scanning demonstrates that the reduction in the energy contribution of Arg254 caused by A27S mutation leads to a different inhibitory activity. These observations provide novel insights into the selective binding mechanism of PTP1B inhibitors to TCPTP.
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15

Chávez, Vivian. "Language, Gender and Violence in Qualitative Research." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 21, no. 1 (2002): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/urht-a2kx-gk95-aaa0.

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The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide a deep understanding of young women's personal accounts of violence to inform prevention programs and policies. Individual and focus group interviews about everyday experiences with violence were conducted with 67 young women, ages 15–19, at a high school in San Francisco, California. Qualitative methods were used to assess the range of young women's experiences with community and interpersonal violence. Three themes emerged from the data: 1) witnessing dating violence; 2) emotions and the language of the body; and 3) the paradox of love and violence. Violence in the lives of young women challenges assumptions about what “youth violence” means, how it happens, and who it happens to.
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16

Richter, Holly E., Robert L. Holley, Shambhavi Chandraiah, and R. Edward Varner. "Laparoscopic and Psychologic Evaluation of Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 28, no. 2 (1998): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a2k2-g7j5-mnbq-bnde.

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Objective: Pelvic pain can account for up to 40 percent of laparoscopies performed by gynecologists. This report compares the psychological profiles and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery at long-term follow-up in a series of laparoscopy-positive and laparoscopy-negative patients with chronic pelvic pain. Method: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain combined with postoperative written questionnaires and self-rating scales. These questionnaires were used to assess long-term post laparoscopy follow-up of the physical and psychological status of women with positive findings at laparoscopy compared to those women with negative findings. Results: There were no statistically significant demographic differences between respondents and nonrespondents. In the respondents, no statistically significant differences were noted even with long-term follow-up when comparing responses of the laparoscopy-positive and laparoscopy-negative groups on the above questionnaires. Conclusion: Though reporting modest improvement in pelvic pain since laparoscopy, both groups reported a high incidence of anxiety, depression, physical worries, and marital/sexual problems.
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17

Townsend, Peter. "Evading the Issue of Widening Inequalities of Health in Britain: A Reply to Rudolf Klein." International Journal of Health Services 21, no. 1 (1991): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cjfa-yxwv-qe4d-a2k7.

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18

Suckling, Keith. "Phospholipase A2s: Developing drug targets for atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 212, no. 2 (2010): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.03.011.

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19

Winget, Jason M., Ying H. Pan, and Brian J. Bahnson. "The interfacial binding surface of phospholipase A2s." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1761, no. 11 (2006): 1260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.08.002.

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20

Sheridan, Alice M., Adam Sapirstein, Nicole Lemieux, Brennan D. Martin, Dae Kyong Kim, and Joseph V. Bonventre. "Nuclear Translocation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2Is Induced by ATP Depletion." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 32 (2001): 29899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m103758200.

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21

Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha, and Philip Stahl. "Bee Venom Phospholipase A2Is Recognized by the Macrophage Mannose Receptor." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 324, no. 1 (1995): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1995.9926.

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22

Blanpain, Cédric, Benhur Lee, Marie Tackoen, et al. "Multiple nonfunctional alleles of CCR5 are frequent in various human populations." Blood 96, no. 5 (2000): 1638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1638.

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Abstract CCR5 is the major coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Homozygotes for a 32-base pair (bp) deletion in the coding sequence of the receptor (CCR5Δ32) were found to be highly resistant to viral infection, and CCR5 became, therefore, one of the paradigms illustrating the influence of genetic variability onto individual susceptibility to infectious and other diseases. We investigated the functional consequences of 16 other natural CCR5 mutations described in various human populations. We found that 10 of these variants are efficiently expressed at the cell surface, bind [125I]-MIP-1β with affinities similar to wtCCR5, respond functionally to chemokines, and act as HIV-1 coreceptors. In addition to Δ32, six mutations were characterized by major alterations in their functional response to chemokines, as a consequence of intracellular trapping and poor expression at the cell surface (C101X, FS299), general or specific alteration of ligand binding affinities (C20S, C178R, A29S), or relative inability to mediate receptor activation (L55Q). A29S displayed an unusual pharmacological profile, binding and responding to MCP-2 similarly to wtCCR5, but exhibiting severely impaired binding and functional responses to MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. In addition to Δ32, only C101X was totally unable to mediate entry of HIV-1. The fact that nonfunctional CCR5 alleles are relatively frequent in various human populations reinforces the hypothesis of a selective pressure favoring these alleles.
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23

Blanpain, Cédric, Benhur Lee, Marie Tackoen, et al. "Multiple nonfunctional alleles of CCR5 are frequent in various human populations." Blood 96, no. 5 (2000): 1638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1638.h8001638_1638_1645.

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CCR5 is the major coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Homozygotes for a 32-base pair (bp) deletion in the coding sequence of the receptor (CCR5Δ32) were found to be highly resistant to viral infection, and CCR5 became, therefore, one of the paradigms illustrating the influence of genetic variability onto individual susceptibility to infectious and other diseases. We investigated the functional consequences of 16 other natural CCR5 mutations described in various human populations. We found that 10 of these variants are efficiently expressed at the cell surface, bind [125I]-MIP-1β with affinities similar to wtCCR5, respond functionally to chemokines, and act as HIV-1 coreceptors. In addition to Δ32, six mutations were characterized by major alterations in their functional response to chemokines, as a consequence of intracellular trapping and poor expression at the cell surface (C101X, FS299), general or specific alteration of ligand binding affinities (C20S, C178R, A29S), or relative inability to mediate receptor activation (L55Q). A29S displayed an unusual pharmacological profile, binding and responding to MCP-2 similarly to wtCCR5, but exhibiting severely impaired binding and functional responses to MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. In addition to Δ32, only C101X was totally unable to mediate entry of HIV-1. The fact that nonfunctional CCR5 alleles are relatively frequent in various human populations reinforces the hypothesis of a selective pressure favoring these alleles.
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24

Packard, Chris J., Denis S. J. O'Reilly, Muriel J. Caslake, et al. "Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2as an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease." New England Journal of Medicine 343, no. 16 (2000): 1148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200010193431603.

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25

Kudo, Ichiro. "Phospholipase A2s which provide arachidonates for eicosanoid generation." Ensho 14, no. 6 (1994): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2492/jsir1981.14.455.

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26

Krikorian, Gaëlle. "A2K, un mouvement international pour l'accès aux savoirs." Multitudes 46, no. 3 (2011): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.046.0103.

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27

Hadfield, Amelia, and Andrej J. Zwitter. "Open Access Publishing." Politics and Governance 1, no. 2 (2013): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.100.

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The rise of open source online journals, free online courses, and other changes in the research and education environment, coined the "academic spring" by some commentators, represents an increasing trend in opening up the rules of access for research. Universities, libraries, publishers and even govern­ments are paying attention to this new movement often referred to with the acronym A2K (access to knowledge).
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28

Smani, Tarik, Sergey I. Zakharov, Endri Leno, Peter Csutora, Elena S. Trepakova, and Victoria M. Bolotina. "Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2Is a Novel Determinant of Store-operated Ca2+Entry." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 14 (2003): 11909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m210878200.

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29

Shohami, E., Y. Shapira, G. Yadid, N. Reisfeld, and S. Yedgar. "Brain Phospholipase A2Is Activated After Experimental Closed Head Injury in the Rat." Journal of Neurochemistry 53, no. 5 (1989): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb08550.x.

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30

Murakami, Makoto, Yoshihito Nakatani, Hiroshi Kuwata, and Ichiro Kudo. "Cellular components that functionally interact with signaling phospholipase A2s." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1488, no. 1-2 (2000): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00118-9.

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31

Kimura-Matsumoto, Masayo, Yukio Ishikawa, Kazuo Komiyama, et al. "Expression of secretory phospholipase A2s in human atherosclerosis development." Atherosclerosis 196, no. 1 (2008): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.062.

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32

Murakami, Makoto, Yoshimi Miki, Hiroyasu Sato, Remi Murase, Yoshitaka Taketomi, and Kei Yamamoto. "Group IID, IIE, IIF and III secreted phospholipase A2s." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1864, no. 6 (2019): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.014.

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Kita, Yoshihiro, Takayo Ohto, Naonori Uozumi, and Takao Shimizu. "Biochemical properties and pathophysiological roles of cytosolic phospholipase A2s." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1761, no. 11 (2006): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.08.001.

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34

Zhou, Shiyuan, and Yinglin Wang. "Clustering Services Based on Community Detection in Service Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1495676.

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Service-oriented computing has become a promising way to develop software by composing existing services on the Internet. However, with the increasing number of services on the Internet, how to match requirements and services becomes a difficult problem. Service clustering has been regarded as one of the effective ways to improve service matching. Related work shows that structure-related similarity metrics perform better than semantic-related similarity metrics in clustering services. Therefore, it is of great importance to propose much more useful structure-related similarity metrics to improve the performance of service clustering approaches. However, in the existing work, this kind of work is very rare. In this paper, we propose a SCAS (service clustering approach using structural metrics) to group services into different clusters. SCAS proposes a novel metric A2S (atomic service similarity) to characterize the atomic service similarity as a whole, which is a linear combination of C2S (composite-sharing similarity) and A3S (atomic-service-sharing similarity). Then, SCAS applies a guided community detection algorithm to group atomic services into clusters. Experimental results on a real-world data set show that our SCAS performs better than the existing approaches. Our A2S metric is promising in improving the performance of service clustering approaches.
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Yang, Eric H., Joseph P. McConnell, Ryan J. Lennon, et al. "Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2Is an Independent Marker for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26, no. 1 (2006): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000191655.87296.ab.

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36

Denson, Donald D., Xiaoping Wang, Roger T. Worrell, Otor AlKhalili, and Douglas C. Eaton. "Cytosolic Phospholipase A2Is Required for Optimal ATP Activation of BK Channels in GH3Cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 10 (2000): 7136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m009566200.

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37

Chan, Clarissa. "A2As or stimulants: which is better for treatment of ADHD in young children?" Pharmacy Today 27, no. 8 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptdy.2021.07.010.

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38

Irawan, Jimmy, Bobby Oedy P. Soepangkat, and Sony Sunaryo. "ANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DI BENGKEL TOYOTA-A2K." Jurnal Teknobisnis 2, no. 1 (2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24609463.v2i1.2816.

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39

Degousee, Norbert, Farideh Ghomashchi, Eva Stefanski, et al. "Groups IV, V, and X Phospholipases A2s in Human Neutrophils." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 7 (2001): 5061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109083200.

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40

Xiao, Zhifeng, Kai Wang, Qiao Wan, Xiaowei Tan, Chuan Xu, and Fanfan Xia. "A2S-Det: Efficiency Anchor Matching in Aerial Image Oriented Object Detection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010073.

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Object detection is a challenging task in aerial images, where many objects have large aspect ratios and are densely arranged. Most anchor-based rotating detectors assign anchors for ground-truth objects by a fixed restriction of the rotation Intersection-over-Unit (IoU) between anchors and objects, which directly follow horizontal detectors. Due to many directional objects with a large aspect ratio, the object-anchor IoU is heavily influenced by the angle, which may cause few anchors assigned for some ground-truth objects. In this study, we propose an anchor selection method based on sample balance assigning anchors adaptively, which we name the Self-Adaptive Anchor Selection (A2S-Det) method. For each ground-truth object, A2S-Det selects a set of candidate anchors by horizontal IoU. Then, an adaptive threshold module is adopted on the set of candidate anchors, which calculates a boundary of these candidate anchors aiming to keep a balance between positive and negative anchors. In addition, we propose a coordinate regression of relative reference (CR3) module to precisely regress the rotating bounding box. We test our method on a public aerial image dataset, and prove better performance than many other one-stage detectors and two-stage detectors, achieving the mAP of 70.64. An efficiency anchor matching method helps the detector achieve better performance for objects with large aspect ratios.
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Rodríguez, Juan P., Elbio Leiguez, Carlos Guijas та ін. "A Lipidomic Perspective of the Action of Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase A2 on Human Monocytes: Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Activation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α". Biomolecules 10, № 6 (2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060891.

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Phospholipase A2s constitute a wide group of lipid-modifying enzymes which display a variety of functions in innate immune responses. In this work, we utilized mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches to investigate the action of Asp-49 Ca2+-dependent secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) (MT-III) and Lys-49 sPLA2 (MT-II), two group IIA phospholipase A2s isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper, on human peripheral blood monocytes. MT-III is catalytically active, whereas MT-II lacks enzyme activity. A large decrease in the fatty acid content of membrane phospholipids was detected in MT III-treated monocytes. The significant diminution of the cellular content of phospholipid-bound arachidonic acid seemed to be mediated, in part, by the activation of the endogenous group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2α. MT-III triggered the formation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol enriched in palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, but not arachidonic acid, along with an increase in lipid droplet synthesis. Additionally, it was shown that the increased availability of arachidonic acid arising from phospholipid hydrolysis promoted abundant eicosanoid synthesis. The inactive form, MT-II, failed to produce any of the effects described above. These studies provide a complete lipidomic characterization of the monocyte response to snake venom group IIA phospholipase A2, and reveal significant connections among lipid droplet biogenesis, cell signaling and biochemical pathways that contribute to initiating the inflammatory response.
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42

Lichtenbergova, Lenka, Edward T. Yoon, and Wonhwa Cho. "Membrane Penetration of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2Is Necessary for Its Interfacial Catalysis and Arachidonate Specificity†." Biochemistry 37, no. 40 (1998): 14128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi980888s.

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43

Carnevale, Kevin A., and Martha K. Cathcart. "Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2Is Required for Human Monocyte Chemotaxis to Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1." Journal of Immunology 167, no. 6 (2001): 3414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3414.

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44

Westwood, Sara A., Philip J. Seaman, Peter J. Ablett, Isao Yuasa, Sebastian Weidinger, and Kazuo Umetsu. "A2HS*11: A new allele of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein found in Afro-Caribbeans." Electrophoresis 8, no. 12 (1987): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150081205.

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Jayadev, Supriya, Heather L. Hayter, Nathalie Andrieu та ін. "Phospholipase A2Is Necessary for Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Ceramide Generation in L929 Cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, № 27 (1997): 17196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.27.17196.

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Agrawal, Sarita, and Swadesh Sahoo. "Radius of convexity of partial sums of odd functions in the close-to-convex family." Filomat 31, no. 11 (2017): 3519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1711519a.

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Abstract:
We consider the class of all analytic and locally univalent functions f of the form f(z)=z + ??,n=2 a2n-1z2n-1, ?z? < 1, satisfying the condition Re(1+zf''(z)/f'(z)) >-1/2. We show that every section s2n-1(z) = z+ ?n,k=2 a2k-1z2k-1, of f, is convex in the disk ?z? < ?2/3. We also prove that the radius ?2/3 is best possible, i.e. the number ?2/3 cannot be replaced by a larger one.
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47

Komori, Yumiko. "Structure-Activity Relationship of Phospholipase A2s Isolated from Vipera aspis Venom." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 2, no. 2 (2012): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2012/1074.

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Ishizaki, Jun, Noriko Suzuki, Ken-ichi Higashino, et al. "Cloning and Characterization of Novel Mouse and Human Secretory Phospholipase A2s." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 35 (1999): 24973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.35.24973.

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49

Li-Stiles, Bangyan, and Susan M. Fischer. "Mechanism(s) of activation of secretory phospholipase A2s in mouse keratinocytes." Journal of Lipid Research 40, no. 9 (1999): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33417-9.

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Ho, Ka-Kei, Alexandra A. Anderson, Erika Rosivatz, Eric W. F. Lam, Rüdiger Woscholski, and David J. Mann. "Identification of Cyclin A2as the Downstream Effector of the Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Signaling Network." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 9 (2007): 5477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m706623200.

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