Relevant bibliographies by topics / AA 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'AA 2024'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AA 2024"

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Liu, Z., P. H. Chong, A. N. Butt, P. Skeldon, and G. E. Thompson. "Corrosion mechanism of laser-melted AA 2014 and AA 2024 alloys." Applied Surface Science 247, no. 1-4 (July 2005): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.067.

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Sheppard, T. "Extrusion of AA 2024 alloy." Materials Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (May 1993): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1993.9.5.430.

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Jha, A. K., K. Sreekumar, and S. Arumugham. "Failure of AA 2024 Aluminium Alloy Rivets / Schäden an Nieten aus einer AA 2024 Aluminiumlegierung." Practical Metallography 33, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1996-330508.

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Galisson, Sébastien, Denis Carron, Philippe Le Masson, Georgios Stamoulis, Eric Feulvarch, and Gilles Surdon. "Hardness Prediction of AA 2024-T3 FSW Weld." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1857.

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The hardness of AA 2024 is mainly dependent of the precipitation state in the material. This one will vary through the process of friction stir welding (FSW) which generates heat and deformations. The most important effect will be the thermal excursion which greatly affects the nature and the distribution of precipitates and so the mechanical properties of the material. Three Myhr & Grong-type submodels have been used in this study in order to simulate the variation of hardness in AA 2024-T3 FSW welds. These models allowed to simulate the hardening by growth of S-precipitates and the softening by coarsening and dissolution of GPB zones / co-clusters or S-precipitates. Finally, the natural ageing was taken into account following the Robson model. The complete model has been calibrated with isothermal data found in the literature and still has to be optimised. Nevertheless, preliminary results show the coherence of the model when performed on isothermal data. The model has been also applied to predict FSW hardness profiles that are compared to those found in the literature.
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Lundvall, O., M. Gulppi, M. A. Paez, E. Gonzalez, J. H. Zagal, J. Pavez, and G. E. Thompson. "Copper modified chitosan for protection of AA-2024." Surface and Coatings Technology 201, no. 12 (March 2007): 5973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.11.005.

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Sadeesh, P., M. Venkatesh Kannan, V. Rajkumar, P. Avinash, N. Arivazhagan, K. Devendranath Ramkumar, and S. Narayanan. "Studies on Friction Stir Welding of AA 2024 and AA 6061 Dissimilar Metals." Procedia Engineering 75 (2014): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.11.031.

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Turkoz, Mevlut, Murat Dilmec, and Huseyin Selcuk Halkaci. "Investigation on Earing Behavior of AA 2024-T4 and AA 5754-O Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.12.

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Deep drawn parts usually have different wall heights because of earing behavior. This behavior is due to the planar anisotropy (Δr) of sheet metals. A measure of the variation of normal anisotropy with the angel to the rolling direction in sheet plane is known as planar anisotropy. If the magnitude of the planar anisotropy is relatively large as absolute value, the earing behavior becomes more effective so larger ears occur. Furthermore, the orientation of the sheet with respect to the die or the part to be formed will be important. In addition, cutting of scraps in the parts which have ears leads to material waste. The scope of this study is to determine the planar anisotropy of AA 5754-O and AA 2024-T4 aluminum alloys and to investigate the earing behavior by the way of deep drawing of cylindrical cups.
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Papadopoulos, Michael, Sergio Tavares, Marco Pacchione, and Spiros Pantelakis. "Mechanical behaviour of AA 2024 friction stir overlap welds." International Journal of Structural Integrity 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17579861311303663.

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Chang, S. C., C. A. Huang, S. Y. Yu, Y. Chang, W. C. Han, T. S. Shieh, H. C. Chung, et al. "Tube spinnability of AA 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 80-81 (August 1998): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(98)00174-5.

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Nugroho, Fajar. "PENGARUH RAPAT ARUS ANODIZING TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN PADA PLAT ALUMINIUM PADUAN AA SERI 2024-T3." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.147.

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Aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is widely applied in the aircraft industry because it has good mechanical properties such as; light weight, good conductivity and the corrosion resistance. However Aluminium 2024-T3 susceptible to wearing. One method to improve the wear resistance o f AA 2024-T3 is the anodizing process. The aims of this research to study the effect of current density and anodizing time against the hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3. The process of anodizing was carried out using 10 percent sulfuric acid solution with the current density of 1.5 Ampere per decimeters square, 3.0 Ampere per decimeters square and 4.5 Ampere per decimeters square with immersion times of 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, the surface hardness was measured by using the Vickers hardness test method. As the supporting data the composition of the test conducted, testing the microstructure, and vickers hardness test. This study shows that the surface hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is influenced by the current density and anodizing time with varying values. Its shows that higher current density o f the anodizing caused optimal time tends to be short. The longer anodising time it will produce greater layer of aluminum oxide.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AA 2024"

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Kataria, Dipti. "Polyaniline clay polyimide hybrid nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection of AA 2024 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1134153316.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 21, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Polyaniline, Coatings, Corrosion. Includes bibliographical references.
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KATARIA, DIPTI L. "POLYANILINE CLAY - POLYIMIDE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF AA 2024." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1134153316.

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Shah, Kunal G. "Conducting Polymers / Polyimide-Clay Nanocomposite Coatings for Corrosion Protection of AA-2024 Alloy." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1083723910.

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Pilli, Srinivas. "Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on fatigue life of pre-exfoliated AA-2024-T351." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2008. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20229/.

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In this study investigations were made into the effects of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) on pre-exfoliated AA 2024 T351. Electrochemical tests were conducted to determine any changes in electrochemical behaviour of the alloys due to UIT condition. Uniaxial monotonic, cyclic and fatigue crack propagation (FCG) tests were conducted on material in As-Received (AR) condition and UIT condition in air and in a corrosive environment by pre-exfoliating the test specimens at pre-defined set of time periods and temperature range (20 °C). It was clear that the fatigue performance was severely reduced by the introduction of the corrosion environment for AR specimens. SEM analysis suggests that UIT conditioned AA 2024-T351 exhibits resistance to exfoliation corrosion at ambient and temperatures ranging between 20°C to 40°C when compared to AR specimens. However, these results are not supported by potentiodynamic polarisation curves which show a decrease in corrosion resistance of UIT specimens. Also it is understood that there is a considerable amount of Cu refinement and enrichment near the surface when the AA 2024-T351 is subjected to exfoliation corrosion tests. Whilst hydrogen is in an atomic state, it can be adsorbed onto the metal surface and consequently diffuses into the matrix and can have serious detrimental effects. A reference line for minimal pre-existing hydrogen in the alloy is identified and the magnitude of hydrogen is found to be 180 Arbitrary Hydrogen Units (AHU). It is also found that in corrosion environment, the hydrogen ingress and further charging is prominent at ambient temperatures for AR samples, and showed damage over the full width of cross-section. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. UIT surface treatments, followed by exfoliation corrosion have shown increased resistance to a reduction in mechanical properties, notably tensile and yield strength. Fractographic analysis further supported this finding by showing smaller average brittle failure depths for UIT specimens when compared to AR specimens. SEM analysis of AR samples (without exfoliation) showed a crystallographic contribution to the mode of failure where high density slip bands are formed and the initial failure exhibits a step format. 2. It is observed that during exfoliation, hydrogen ingress and adsorption is more prominent at ambient temperatures for AR samples. 3. A slight improvement In Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) life is observed for pre-exfoliated and UIT conditioned sample but not for UIT conditioned samples only. Little effect is observed for either treatment in the High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) region. 4. Fatigue crack initiation occurred from the edges for all samples. 5. Fatigue crack propagation of exfoliated specimens exhibited faster crack propagation than As-Received specimens. UIT caused retardation in crack propagation rate in AR samples but not in corroded samples. Failure of pre-exfoliated, UIT treated samples failed within the treated strip. It is also noted that crack deviation can occur when the crack tip reaches a secondary phase particle. 6. Nanocrystallisation generates uniformity of the surface which refines the secondary phase particles and helps mitigate crack initiation sites.
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Kalay, Yunus Emre. "Low Velocity Impact Characterization Of Monolithic And Laminated Aa 2024 Plates By Drop Weight Test." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1096726/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the low velocity impact behavior of both monolithic and laminated aluminum alloy plates. For this purpose, a drop-weight test unit was used. The test unit included the free fall and impact of an 8 kg hammer with an 8 mm punching rod from 0.5 m to 4 m. The relationship between the change in static mechanical properties (hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, strain hardening rate) and low velocity impact behavior of monolithic aluminum plates were investigated. Tested material was AA 2024, heat treatable aluminum alloy, which was artificially aged to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. In the second stage of the study, the relationship between the low velocity impact behavior of laminated plates was compared with that of monolithic aluminum plates at identical areal densities. For this purpose, a series of AA 2024 thin plates were combined with different types of adhesives (epoxy, polyurethane or tape). Finally, fracture surface of the samples and microstructure at the deformation zone were examined with both scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. It is found that the ballistic limit velocities of AA 2024 plates increase with increase in hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. It is also found that a linear relation exists between the ballistic limit velocity and strain hardening rate or hardness. When the low velocity impact behaviors of laminated and monolithic targets were compared, it was seen that monolithic targets have a higher ballistic limit velocity values for from the 2.5 to 10 mm thick targets. It was also observed that adhesives are not so effective to strengthen the low velocity impact performance. On the other hand, with increasing Charpy impact energy, penetration and perforation behaviors are getting worse in 10 to 30 joules energy range. Different types of failure mechanisms involving, plugging, dishing, stretching and bending were determined. For high strength and thick plates plugging type deformation was leaded. In contrast, for thinner and weaker targets bending, stretching and dishing type failures were dominating. For laminated targets also dishing type failure was determined.
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Elaish, Reafat. "Influences of fluorine species on the anodizing behaviour of aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influences-of-fluorine-species-on-the-anodizing-behaviour-of-aluminium-and-aa-2024t3-alloy(7849513e-31b6-4f71-a6ee-126ee5221321).html.

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The present study investigates the effect of fluorine species during anodizing of aluminium and AA2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid and tartaric-sulphuric acid (TSA) electrolytes. The investigation comprises four main parts; (i) Effects of fluoride on barrier film formation on aluminium. (ii) Effects of fluoride and fluorozirconic acid (FZ) on porous film growth on aluminium in sulphuric acid. (iii) Effects of FZ on porous film growth on aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid and TSA. (iv) Effects on anodizing of other fluoroacids (fluoroboric (FB), fluorosilicic (FS) and fluorotitanic acid (FT)). The anodic films were examined by analytical scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The behaviour of fluoride ions during the growth of barrier-type films on aluminium was investigated in ammonium pentaborate solution with added sodium fluoride. Additions of up to 3.5 x 10-3 M sodium fluoride had a negligible influence on the film growth. In contrast, 3.5 x 10-2 M sodium fluoride reduced the efficiency to 60% as fluoride ions promoted field-assisted ejection of Al3+ ions from the film. Incorporated fluoride ions migrated inwards at a rate about twice that of O2- ions, forming a fluoride-rich layer at the film base. The study of the influence of FZ on formation of porous anodic films in sulphuric acid and TSA employed a range of anodizing voltages, electrolyte temperatures and anodizing times. Fluoroacid increased the growth rate, with a reducing influence as the temperature increased. The films contained fluoride and sulphate ions, zirconium was not detected. The fluoride concentration decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the sulphate concentration was unaffected. Anodizing aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy in other fluoroacids resulted in similar influences on the anodizing behaviour as FZ. The differences in growth rate, film composition and film morphology were comparatively small and did not show a systematic dependence on the type of fluoroacid employed. Boron, silicon and titanium were not detected in the films.
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Junior, Paulo Roberto Costa. "Avaliação do estiramento de chapas da liga AA 2024, para três condições distintas de têmpera." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=469.

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O processo de estiramento consiste na conformação de chapas, barras e seções laminadas ou extrudadas, pelo "esticamento" do material sobre uma ferramenta (bloco) que contém a forma (linha de sistema) desejada. Este processo é utilizado principalmente na fabricação de peças da indústria aeroespacial. Os materiais empregados são ligas de alumínio, titânio, aço e níquel. O estiramento de chapas de ligas de alumínio, com relação à têmpera do material, pode ser realizado em três condições: com o material recozido (condição "O"), com o material na condição final de têmpera (condição "TXXX"), ou após a solubilização do material (condição "W"). A utilização de uma ou outra condição de estiramento está intimamente ligada à complexidade da geometria da peça, à qualidade da ferramenta de estiramento e aos valores de alongamento da liga. O estiramento com o material recozido (condição "O") apresenta os melhores resultados com relação ao retorno elástico (spring back), mas a conformação total da peça resulta em valores elevados de deformação e um ou todos os problemas podem acontecer: ruptura do material, aparecimento de "estrias" (bandas de Lüders) e cascas de laranja (orange peel). A situação ideal, em termos de custos de fabricação e tempo de execução, seria realizar o estiramento da peça na condição final de têmpera do material (TXXX). Entretanto, quando comparadas com os aços, as ligas de alumínio apresentam valores de alongamento inferiores, o que faz com que este material suporte níveis menores de deformação. Com níveis menores de deformação, o retorno elástico será muito grande e a peça não atenderá aos requisitos de forma (linha de sistema) necessários para uma montagem adequada. Como uma alternativa para os problemas encontrados no estiramento de chapas nas condições "O" e "TXXX", desenvolveu-se uma condição intermediária, chamada de "W". Esta condição é metaestável e é obtida após a solubilização da liga de alumínio. O estiramento das chapas de alumínio, nessa condição metaestável, é uma boa solução para as situações citadas, ou seja, aparecimento de defeitos superficiais (estrias e cascas de laranja) ou elevado retorno elástico ou efeito mola (spring back). Faz-se necessário, entretanto, um conhecimento detalhado do processo de estiramento, para garantir uma faixa de dureza na qual se obtém um resultado adequado. Deve-se estirar a chapa para valores de dureza em que não se obtenham defeitos superficiais ou elevados valores de retorno elástico. Este trabalho indica que o estiramento da liga AA 2024 após a solubilização (condição "W") apresenta valores de retorno elástico inferiores aos apresentados pelas outras condições avaliadas ("O" e "T3"), sem aumento significativo da rugosidade superficial, o que indica menor susceptibilidade ao aparecimento de defeitos superficiais, como a casca de laranja (orange peel).
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Verdalet-Guardiola, Xavier. "Réactivité dans les bains de prétraitement et mécanismes de croissance des couches de conversion au chrome trivalent sur un alliage d'aluminium 2024." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30023.

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Composants principaux des couches de conversion chimique sur le marché, les composés à base de chrome hexavalent vont être interdits par la réglementation européenne REACh à partir de l'année 2024. Depuis plusieurs années, les industriels du secteur aéronautique développent donc des solutions de substitution basées sur le chrome trivalent, moins toxique et moins néfaste pour l'environnement que le chrome hexavalent, tout en conférant des propriétés anticorrosion prometteuses aux alliages d'aluminium. Le déploiement des solutions de conversion chimique à base de CrIII à l'échelle industrielle a mis en évidence une sensibilité forte de ces procédés aux propriétés de surface des alliages d'aluminium. Ce projet de thèse vise à améliorer la robustesse du procédé de conversion au chrome trivalent en identifiant les paramètres de premier ordre contrôlant les performances anticorrosion des couches. Pour cela, des éléments de compréhension concernant les modifications de surface causées par la préparation de surface et les mécanismes de croissance de la couche ont été apportés. Les travaux de thèse ont été réalisés sur l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 largement employé dans le domaine aéronautique. Différents lots d'alliage, états de surface et états métallurgiques ont été considérés afin de déterminer l'impact de la métallurgie de l'alliage sur les propriétés de surface après préparation de surface ainsi que sur les propriétés anticorrosion de la couche formée. L'étude de la réactivité de l'alliage dans le bain de conversion chimique a ensuite permis de mettre en évidence les mécanismes de nucléation et croissance de la couche de conversion. Un modèle de formation de la couche en surface de l'alliage 2024-T3 a ainsi été proposé
Hexavalent chromium, one of the main components of the chemical conversion coatings on the market, will be banned by European REACh regulations from 2024. From several years, manufacturers in the aeronautical sector have been developing substitution solutions based on trivalent chromium. These solutions with promising anti-corrosion properties as compared to hexavalent chromium are less toxic and less harmful to the environment than hexavalent chromium. However, the deployment of the CrIII conversion coatings to the industrial scale highlighted a higher sensitivity of these processes, as compared to the CrVI solutions, to the surface properties of the aluminium alloys. This work aims at improving the robustness of the trivalent chromium conversion process of the aluminium alloys by identifying the first order parameters controlling the anticorrosion performances of the conversion coatings. For that purpose, elements of understanding concerning the surface modifications caused by the surface preparation as well as data on the mechanisms of growth of the coating were brought. The thesis work was carried out on aluminium alloy 2024, which is widely used in the aeronautical field. Various alloy batches, surface states and metallurgical states were considered in order to determine the impact of alloy metallurgy on the surface properties after surface preparation as well as on the anticorrosive properties of the coating. The study of the reactivity of the alloy in the chemical conversion bath gave relevant data on the mechanisms of nucleation and growth of the conversion layer. As a result, a model for the formation of the conversion coating for 2024-T3 alloy was proposed
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Ahn, Joseph. "Experimental characterisation and numerical simulation of fibre laser welding of AA 2024-T3 and Ti-6Al-4V." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/53827.

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The aircraft industry has long recognised the importance of climate protection and the benefits of reducing weight for the production of cost effective and fuel efficient aircraft structures. Fibre laser welding provides advantages over conventional riveting, mainly in terms of weight reduction and time saving. However, significant changes in microstructure, metallurgical state and associated mechanical properties occur in welded joints. Such changes can result in residual stresses, distortions and defects formation in the welded structure, thus significantly influencing the performance and service life. In order to maintain structural integrity of welded structures, the relationship between welding process and performance of the structure needs to be fully assessed. In this thesis, comprehensive relationships between materials, welding process, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were established. Welding parameters including power density, laser power, welding speed, focal position, filler metal feed rate and shielding gas composition were optimised to produce high quality full penetration welds. Solidification cracking was found to be a critical issue in AA 2024-T3 when welding without filler metal. The addition of filler metal reduced its crack sensitivity but it was also necessary to provide the optimum feed rate to avoid welding defects and keyhole instability. Sufficiently high laser power and low welding speed were required for full penetration and also to minimise welding defects. Both argon and helium shielding gases were found to be effective since only weakly ionised laser induced vapour plume was formed rather than strongly ionised plasma. Softening in AA204-T3 deteriorated the plastic straining capacity of the weld due to confined plasticity development within the weld. A poor weld quality resulted in a mixed mode of brittle and ductile failure and contained micro porosities and hot cracks, whereas, a good weld quality led to a ductile mode with significantly less welding defects. In the case of Ti-6Al-4V, the strength was the greatest in the weld as a result of martensitic microstructure formed during fast cooling rates. Local plastic deformation was the lowest in the weld and therefore, failed in the parent material but at the cost of reduced ductility relative to the unwelded parent tensile specimens. The residual stresses and distortions due to time dependent and localised heating imposed during fibre laser welding were numerically simulated with thermal and mechanical boundary conditions integrated in the finite element models including post weld heat treatment, mechanical stress relieving treatment and various clamping arrangements. Mechanical boundary conditions had relatively small influence on residual stresses in thin sheets of butt welded specimens, whereas, greater restraints led to higher residual stresses and lower restraints led to lower residual stresses in T-joint specimens. Non-isothermal diffusional and diffusionless phase transformations in Ti-6Al-4V were modelled and their influence on residual stresses and distortions was examined. Phase transformations only had a small influence on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses and distortions because the level of internal stresses due to phase transformation remained low unlike other materials which exhibit greater differences in the specific volumes between phases. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) induced diffusional phase transformations via decomposition of martensite into α. It also decreased the magnitude of y stresses to the yield strength of Ti-6Al-4V at the treatment temperature by releasing the locked-in stresses. Mechanical stress relieving was also studied for reducing residual stresses and distortions, by means of plastic deformation applied during as well as after welding. When the load reached more than 50% of its yield strength, the stresses became compressive. Residual stresses were experimentally measured using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques They were found to be dependent on the crystallographic hkl plane due to the presence of microscopic stresses. In the case of Ti-6Al-4V, the reflections were weak and only few times larger than the background due its highly incoherent cross-section. In addition, texture in Ti-6Al-4V weld also contributed to lower intensity counts observed during measurements. As a result, only certain peaks were detected in certain orientations. The Y residual stresses in the welding direction were very high but not as high as the yield strength of the material at room temperature for both AA 2024-T3 and Ti-6Al-4V. They were largely tensile in nature only within the weld and tended to be weakly compressive in the rest of the specimen. Comparative analyses between experimental and numerical results showed good agreements, proving the robustness of the finite element models.
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Mulay, Prajakatta. "Damage Evolution of Magnesium Rich Primer Applied over AA 2024 T-3 Alloy Exposed to Aggressive Environments." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1431091369.

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Books on the topic "AA 2024"

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National, Institut Géographique. AA maxi scale France 2004. Basingstoke: AA, 2003.

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Grynberg, Isabelle, Jan Ceuleers, and Pia Nkoduga. Schwind Foundation, Du 13-9-2014 Aa 11-1-2015: Catalogue = Van 13-9-2014 Tot 11-1-2015 : Catalogus. Antwerpen: Jan Ceuleers bvba, 2014.

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Kelley, Mike. Interviews, conversations, and chit-chat, 1986-2004: (with AA Bronson, Larry Clark, Kim Gordon, Thurston Moore, Jutta Koether, Harmony Korine, Tony Oursler, Richard Prince, Jim Shaw, Michael Smith, Jeffrey Sconce, John Waters, and John C. Welchman). Zürich: JRP/Ringier, 2005.

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C, Welchman John, ed. Interviews, conversations, and chit-chat, 1986-2004: (with AA Bronson, Larry Clark, Kim Gordon, Thurston Moore, Jutta Koether, Harmony Korine, Tony Oursler, Richard Prince, Jim Shaw, Michael Smith, Jeffrey Sconce, John Waters, and John C. Welchman). Zürich: JRP/Ringier, 2005.

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Mike, Kelley. Interviews, conversations, and chit-chat, 1986-2004: (with AA Bronson, Larry Clark, Kim Gordon, Thurston Moore, Jutta Koether, Harmony Korine, Tony Oursler, Richard Prince, Jim Shaw, Michael Smith, Jeffrey Sconce, John Waters, and John C. Welchman). Zürich: JRP/Ringier, 2005.

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Studio, A. A. Communications. AA Book 2021. Architectural Association, 2021.

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Kende, Zoltán. Abstract book of the 19th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, 26th April - 1st May 2020, Wisła, Poland. SZIE Növénytermesztési Intézet, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34116/nti.2020.aa.

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Publishing, AA. AA Maxi Scale Atlas: Britain 2004 (AA Atlases). Aa Publishing, 2003.

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Aa 2004 the Golf Course Guide (AA Lifestyle Guides). AA Publishing, 2003.

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Aa 2004 Bed & Breakfast Guide (AA Bed & Breakfast Guide). AA Publishing, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "AA 2024"

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Ashwath, P., and M. Anthony Xavior. "Compression and Diametral Tensile Strength Analysis of Graphene–Al2O3 Reinforced AA 2024 and AA 2219 Hybrid Nanocomposites." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 19–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9425-7_2.

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Villuendas, A., A. Roca, and Jordi Jorba. "Change of Young's Modulus of Cold-Deformed Aluminum AA 1050 and of AA 2024 (T65): A Comparative Study." In THERMEC 2006, 293–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.293.

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Sano, Tomoko, C. Fountzoulas, C. F. Yen, C. Chen, and M. Nansteel. "Failure Characterization of AA 2024 T3 Panel Subjected to Close-In Blast." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 287–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4238-7_36.

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Jang, Dong Hwan, J. H. Ok, G. M. Lee, and Beong Bok Hwang. "The Forming Characteristics of AA 2024 Aluminium Alloy in Radial Extrusion Process Combined with Backward Extrusion." In Materials Science Forum, 955–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-408-1.955.

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Hwang, Beong Bok, J. H. Shim, Jung Min Seo, H. S. Koo, J. H. Ok, Y. H. Lee, G. M. Lee, K. H. Min, and H. J. Choi. "An Analysis on the Forming Load of AA 2024 Aluminium Alloy in Combined and Sequence Operation Process." In Materials Science Forum, 949–54. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-408-1.949.

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Ramya, T., M. Venu, K. T. Sunil Kumar, and K. Anupama Francy. "Influence of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricants with Nano Particles on Surface Roughness of AISI 1020 and AA 2024 Alloy." In Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Innovative Product Design, 163–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_14.

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Facchin, Eugenio Luis. "Operation Algeciras (Vv. Aa., Irizar.Org, 2014) (Nicoletti M., 2000)." In The Untold Story of a Fighting Ship, 85–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92624-3_8.

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Radetiç, Tamara, Akram Halap, Miljana Popoviç, and Endre Romhanji. "Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on IGC Susceptibility of AA 5083 Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 297–302. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch51.

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Radetić, Tamara, Akram Halap, Miljana Popović, and Endre Romhanji. "Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on IGC Susceptibility of AA 5083 Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 297–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_51.

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Liao, Changju, and Runmin Hu. "Correlation Issues and Strategies of SFR Test of Mobile Phone Camera AA Process." In Proceedings of IncoME-V & CEPE Net-2020, 345–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75793-9_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "AA 2024"

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Sabry, Ibrahim, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad, and Dinu Thomas Thekkuden. "Vibration-Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA 2024-T3 Plates." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62249.

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Abstract In this research, the weldability of AA 2024-T3 plates using vibration-assisted friction stir welding (VaFSW) is primarily inspected. The vibration imparted to the fixture holding the specimens in VaFSW differentiates this state-of-art process from the conventional friction stir welding (FSW) technique. For large-scale welding applications, it is ideal to vibrate the tool with the required amplitude and frequency for optimum performance. Due to limitation in applying vibration to the tool in a milling machine, the vibration is imparted to a custom-designed fixture and rig setup. The fixture, which holds the plates rigidly, is mechanically shaken during the friction stir welding process to boost the material strain in the weld region. The VaFSW is performed with 1800 rpm tool rotational speed, 16 mm/min travel speed and at four intermittent levels of vibrational frequencies (10.11 Hz, 13.56 Hz, 16.67 Hz, 25.17 Hz). The welding morphology and mechanical characteristics of joints produced using VaFSW and FSW are presented in the current work. Finally, the results of VaFSW are compared with conventional FSW. Results show that the tensile strength and, hardness in each of the zones — Nugget zone, heat affected zone, and base metal increased with the increase in the vibrational frequency in the vibration-assisted friction stir welding process. In addition, the ductility of the joints increased by the vibration in the vibration-assisted friction stir welding process due to excessive plasticized material resulting in a greater grain dislocation. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of weld joints enhanced with the increase in the vibrational frequency. However, the tensile strength and hardness of conventional FSWed joint are slightly higher than the joint produced using VaFSW at 10.11 Hz. This study is promising for finding the capability of VaFSW over FSW to produce quality weld joints.
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Eliseev, A. A., T. A. Kalashnikova, S. Yu Tarasov, V. E. Rubtsov, S. V. Fortuna, and E. A. Kolubaev. "Microstructure of AA 2024 fixed joints formed by friction stir welding." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932737.

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Paul, Souradip, Aparna Duggirala, and Souren Mitra. "Study of Laser Beam Welding of AA 2024 Using Taguchi Methodology." In 2020 IEEE India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indiscon50162.2020.00058.

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Caiazzo, Fabrizia, Vittorio Alfieri, Francesco Cardaropoli, and Vincenzo Sergi. "Bead characterization of disk-laser butt welding of thin AA 2024 sheets." In SPIE LASE, edited by Eckhard Beyer and Timothy Morris. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.908576.

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Hu, Bin, and Ian M. Richardson. "Solidification rate in laser welding and its influence on AA 2024 weld quality." In ICALEO® 2005: 24th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060576.

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Brandes, Amanda Catarina, Juliana de Paula Martins, and ANDRE LUIS MOREIRA DE CARVALHO. "PARAMETERS PROCESS INFLUENCE BY FRICTION SURFACING ON SIMILAR MATERIALS FROM THE AA 2024-T3." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-1936.

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Sabry, Ibrahim, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad, and Dinu Thomas Thekkuden. "Study on Underwater Friction Stir Welded AA 2024-T3 Pipes Using Machine Learning Algorithms." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71378.

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Abstract Underwater friction stir welding, a new variant of friction stir welding process in which the weld coupons and tool-specimen interface are completely immersed in the water, has been successful to achieve wide popularity among researchers recently. In most of the studies, the underwater friction stir welding process is limited to join the flat plates. The research conducted on the underwater friction stir welding of pipes is rare due to the complexity in the design of the fixture and setup. Therefore, the current research is aimed to investigate the scope of underwater friction stir welding process for producing quality welded pipe joints. Initially, the current research focused on developing a system with proper components and fixture attached to the vertical milling machine for underwater friction stir welding of pipes. Twenty-seven experiment runs with three intermittent levels of process parameters — spindle speed of milling machine (1000 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1800 rpm), travel speed (10 mm/min, 16 mm/min, 20 mm/min) and shoulder diameter of tool (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm) are designed. Secondly, Al 2024-T3 pipes having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 3 mm are welded using an underwater friction stir welding process for every combination of the process parameter. The elongation percentage, yield strength and tensile strength are experimentally evaluated from the tensile tests. Finally, the prediction capability of machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with Harris hawks optimization (ANFIS-HHO) for 70% training data and 30% testing data was evaluated. The prediction capability of the machine learning algorithms was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error, R2 statistic and Root Mean Square Error. ANN was found to the best with the highest R2 and least RMSE for predicting all three responses. Though the ANFIS exhibited the highest R2 and highest RMSE for every response, the incorporation of Harris hawks optimization to the ANFIS slightly improved the prediction capability of ANFIS. The prediction accuracy for elongation percentage, yield strength and tensile strength is found to be in the increasing order of ANFIS, ANFIS-HHO and ANN. The underwater friction stir welding process, machine learning algorithms, methods and results discussed in the paper are promising and useful for experts in the industries.
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Caiazzo, Fabrizia, Vittorio Alfieri, Francesco Cardaropoli, and Vincenzo Sergi. "Characterization of lap joints laser beam welding of thin AA 2024 sheets with Yb:YAG disk-laser." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Thomas Graf, Jacob I. Mackenzie, Helena Jelínková, and John Powell. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.922551.

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Jafari, Reza, Minnamari Vippola, Heli Koivuluoto, Jan Cizek, Frantisek Lukac, Ladislav Cvrcek, Matej Buril, et al. "Tribological Assessment of Cold Sprayed Aluminum-Quasicrystal Composite Coatings." In ITSC 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0200.

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Abstract Cold spray (CS) technology has proven an enormous potential in the production of composite coatings, enabling a production of materials with superior qualities such as enhanced tribological behavior. This study aims to investigate the tribological properties of CS Al-based composite coatings reinforced by quasicrystalline (QC) particles. Two different Al alloys were used as the matrix, AA 6061 and AA 2024, and mixed with Al-based QC particles (Al-Cr-Fe-Cu) at different Al/QC ratios. A room-temperature ball-on-disc test was then used to evaluate the wear resistance of the CS composite coatings in air and compared to those of the CS non-reinforced Al alloy coatings as well as cast counterparts (AA 6061-T6). We have demonstrated that CS could be employed to produce dense and thick Al-QC composites. Further, the addition of the QC particles into the structure increased the wear resistance of the matrix resistance up to 8 times.
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Zhang, Jinjun, Kuang Liu, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "A Statistical Volume Element Based Approach to Multiscale Modeling of Fatigue Crack Formation in AA 2024-T351." In 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference
20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
14th AIAA. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1538.

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Reports on the topic "AA 2024"

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Cantave, Cassandra. Vital Voices: Issues that Impact Tennessee's African American/Black (AA/B) Adults Age 45 and Older, September 2022, Methodology. Washington, DC: AARP Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00524.083.

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Cantave, Cassandra. Vital Voices: Issues that Impact Tennessee's African American/Black (AA/B) Adults Age 45 and Older, September 2022, Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: AARP Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00524.089.

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Cantave, Cassandra. Vital Voices: Issues that Impact Tennessee's African American/Black (AA/B) Adults Age 45 and Older, September 2022, Annotated Questionnaire. Washington, DC: AARP Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00524.085.

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Cantave, Cassandra. Vital Voices: Issues that Impact Tennessee's African American/Black (AA/B) Adults Age 45 and Older, September 2022, Respondent Profile. Washington, DC: AARP Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00524.080.

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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.

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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.

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The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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