Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abandon des études – Aspect social'
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Laabidi, Myriam. "Représentations scolaires et culture hip-hop : Expériences et trajectoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29119/29119.pdf.
Full textParent, Alexandre. "Les coûts sociaux liés à la pauvreté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26374.
Full textZoundi, David Aimé. "Three essays in the economics of gender and development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69588.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis explores barriers to gender equality in developing countries. It is composed of three essays. The first essay (chapter 1) explores the roots of gender inequality favoring boys in education. It analyzes the effect of culture interaction with poor household economic on the school dropout probabilities of boys' and girls', using Malawi data. Malawi's suitability for this analysis stems from the coexistence in its territory of two different customs of post-marital residence for couples: patrilocal and matrilocal customs. Estimation results show that gender inequality in education is rooted in the interaction of household economic conditions and the custom of patrilocality—when a married couple settles near or with the husband's family after marriage. The essay concludes that public policies that make it unnecessary for parents to rely on traditional customs to organize their family life can eliminate gender inequality favoring boys' education. The last two essays analyze the issue of polygyny—when a man can have multiples wives simultaneously. This marriage institution has disappeared globally but remains confined in a cluster of sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in the Sahel region. Economic theory predicts that increasing women's education leads to the disappearance of polygyny. Still, empirical evidence is yet to establish this causal link, settling instead for a negative correlation between education and women's polygyny probabilities. The second essay examines the effect of education on women's polygyny probabilities, using primarily Uganda data. For identification, we use an estimation approach that jointly addresses sample selection and education endogeneity problems. We estimate a three-equation model comprising a polygyny (main) equation, a marriage (selection), and an education (endogeneity) equation. Estimation results confirm economic theory's prediction that increasing women's education leads to the disappearance of polygyny. The third and final essay provides evidence on the cause of the clustering of polygyny in drought-prone countries. Evidence shows that in village economies dependent on rainfed agriculture, the breakdown of informal risk-sharing arrangements following covariate shocks such as droughts increases the value of having a large family, both in size and composition, as a lever of resilience strategies. We find that polygyny allows households to build resilience to the adverse effects of drought on crop yields. These three essays contribute to advancing our knowledge of the barriers to gender inequalityin sub-Saharan Africa. It mainly draws attention to the importance for developing countries to invest in girls' schooling (Essay 2) and promote public policies that make it less attractive for parents to resort to traditional institutions to support their livelihoods (Essay 1). Additionally, policies such as those promoting smallholder farmers as a development strategy can contribute to the persistence of polygyny in drought-prone communities if done without weaning the rural population of its dependence on rainfed agriculture. In these settings, promoting resilience and adaptation strategies independent of household size can lead to polygyny and child marriage's disappearance (Essay 3).
Gury, Nicolas. "Economie politique appliquée des poursuites d'études et abandon dans l'enseignement supérieur en France." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G013.
Full textThe PhD proposes an empirical reflexion on the dynamics of schooling behaviours in French higher education. The Phd is divided in two main parts. The fist one focuses on the determinants of dropout out from higher education, while the second one shows the link between schooling decision and the transition to the labour market. Through the use of event-history techniques, we show that a duration framework is adapted to the analysis of higher education attrition. Our dropout model allows for estimates to vary over time. The second part of the PhD stands in an evaluation perspective by attempting to bring recommendation on the modalities to ensure a good transition to the labor market, even for dropout student
Pradier, Claire. "L'abandon des adultes étudiant les langues étrangères : motifs, causes, interprétations." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030012.
Full textAfter a definition of drop out concept from several aspects (lingusitical, etymological, semantical, psychological, sociological and didactical) the first part is an inventory of reasons for drop out and failures, it begins by a presentation of the different learning theories. This analysis comprises not only theorical aspects but also practical examples of incentives, behaviours and reasons of drop out. The second part includes a survey (made in 1990), which results are commented in details, and a series of interviews (made in 1994) also commented. From this material four reasons of drop out are determined : discrepancy between expectations and the reality of the tuition, external reasons, psychological reasons and "positive" drop out. The third part gives some propositioins and advices to intent to reduce drop out of adults while studying foreign languages
Pena-Reyes, José-Ismael. "E-learning en communautés isolées : le double isolement de l'apprenant." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG002.
Full textA large number of educational institutions promote the use of information technology and communication (ICT) in training process. In particular, expenditure in training by e-learning systems is estimated to be 56 trillion dollars in 2010. However, e-learning is subject to several problems. One such problem is the dropout. The dropout rate in e-learning process is higher than in the training process face to face. Several authors refer to rates above 50%. One look at the dropout in e-learning process would indicate that 28 billion dollars were lost in 2010. For organizations that develop a training process by e-learning is a challenge to control its expenditures. In arriving at reduce the dropout, these organizations, could increase the efficiency of their processes. Doing research in e-learning is not an easy task. On the one hand, e-learning is a young field, the other, the e-learning is a complex, multi and interdisciplinary. Research conducted in e-learning process raise questions about technology, social issues, questions about the learner as an individual, the impact of technology in training and education, issues of change role of actors in the process of training and management information systems. Research also challenges the organizational structures in educational institutions and studying the impact of public policies. This research is done in an organization of South America which provides continuing education courses that follow students from any level and any age. These courses are free and open. Although there have been some research on the isolation of students and its impact on the dropout process in e-learning, the purpose of the previous research was to show the characteristics of self- learner who was most likely to prove and carry through his studies and was showing how perceptions of learning about the tool had an effect on dropout. By cons, we are interested in studying how organizations can produce feelings of social isolation among their students and therefore cause dropout
Ensellem, Cécile. "L'accouchement sous X : les débats parlementaires de 1992 à 1996 comme révélateurs des représentations de la famille et de l'individu." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H044.
Full textBédard-Bruyère, Flavie. "Développement social de l'enfant autiste par le chant choral : trois études de cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68631.
Full textAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1% of the world's population. The manifestations of this disorder particularly affect the social and language spheres. Several intervention methods have been developed to alleviate the challenges encountered by these individuals. Artistic methods, such as music, have also been considered. Various interventions and musical programs have been presented to autistic populations in order to observe their effects on their social development. However, among these interventions, a group singing activity was little exploited. The objective of this dissertation was to understand how an extracurricular choral activity can contribute to the development of social skills in children with autism. The methodology of the qualitative case study was favoured in order to answer this question. Three children with ASD aged 6 to 12 years were recruited. These children participated in an extracurricular choir activity at their special school. Observations were made during choir sessions in the winter of 2020. However, the global Covid-19 pandemic has forced the closure of schools. Therefore, only four observation sessions were conducted. According to the analysis of the results, the choir seems to be a context where children can satisfy their social curiosity. It is also a place where stereotypical behaviours are expressed to a lesser extent and where children can become familiar with changes in a safe context. Research avenues are also formulated at the end of this paper.
Dussarps, Clément. "Dimension socio-affective et abandon en formation ouverte et à distance." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30060/document.
Full textThe drop out in open and distance learning (ODL) is an important issue both for the learners and training organizations, whether for economic, social or image (self-image or brand image). The accompanying needs of learners are both technical, cognitive and meta-cognitive, and affective. The latter particularly interest us in this thesis to understand the drop out. To take account of the social dimension of the person and his relationship with teachers, peers or family, we will discuss socio-emotional dimension. To better define this dimension and understand the issues of mediated communication and the distance in training (as a social and technical object), we mobilize some authors from different disciplines of the humanities: Researchers in science of information and communication , psychologists and researchers in science education. We propose to characterize the socio-emotional dimension, thought of as a system, by an integrative model of emotions and sentiments offered by all of these researchers. This aspect will be studied in relation to the notion of persistence, which is the opposite of drop out. We wonder what are the socio-emotional factors behind the drop out in distance learning, or conversely perseverance? The importance of interactions within (with teachers and other learners) and outside the training device (with family) and individual factors of learners (eg sociodemographic) are questioned. To answer these questions, an investigation into two parts (in beginning - expectations - and in end of training - experience) and semi-directive interviews were conducted. The first results reflect the differences between initial expectations and experiences of training, more or less important according learners. The drop out appears explainable by analyzing the socio-emotional dimension, especially in relations with the actors of the device. While some students suffer isolation due to a lack of relationship with teachers, others compensate by establishing a relationship with their peers. Finally, relatives occupy an essential place for learners who live in families and are waiting their support
Ben, Affana Synda. "Communication et Internet : une étude de cas de l'appropriation sociale d'une technologie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25556/25556.pdf.
Full textDufourg, Burg Christophe. "Contribution théorique et application de la géopolitique et de la théorie des jeux aux études polémologiques : l'Irak et le Moyen-Orient arabe : 1968-1990." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010295.
Full textEvery country has the history of its geography. Yet in epistemological terms, spatial determinism is an overly simplified mechanistic hypothesis. Geopolitical parameters, taken as a whole, are chaotic. Based on their culture and projects, men give them a specific form : the representation of territory. As a legitimate prejudice, geopolitical representation helps define a spatial interval (the playing field) and a temporal interval (a period of time). From this, despite limits imposed by incomplete information, different game cultures, restrictive choices, etc. , it is possible to construct repeated, noncooperative, 2 x 2 and static games in order to standardise the geostrategies of inder dependent players. To illustrate these theoretical hypotheses, we have selected a playing field: the Arab middle east, a pivotal state : Iraq, and a period of time : 1968-1990. The reader must keep in mind that these game models built on the basis of a continuous quantitative variable (arms spending) are only one part of the reality, because there are a number of qualitative determining factors (cultural, religious, ethnic, sociological, etc. ) which do not easily lend themselves to expression in mathematical terms
Isabelle, Maripier. "Conciliation travail-études : Un phénomène épidémique? Analyse de l'impact du conformisme social dans les décisions de travail des adolescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29426/29426.pdf.
Full textSanchez, Sylvie. "Une séduction transculturelle : la pizza : polymorphisme, appropriation et identité dans l'alimentation." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0125.
Full textHeintz, Christophe. "Cognition scientifique et évolution culturelle : outils théoriques pour incorporer les études cognitives aux études sociales de la science." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145899.
Full textSacriste, Valérie. "Société et publicité : eenquête sur l'imaginaire social de l'automobile de 1899 à 1999 à travers la publicité Renault." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H067.
Full textGléonnec, Mikaël. "Le changement organisationnel à l'épreuve du lien social dans ses modalités culturelles : l'appropriation du télétravail dans l'entreprise." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30040.
Full textLensing-Hebben, Caroline. "La médiatisation des chercheurs en sciences sociales : éthique professionnelle contre emprise médiatique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0048.
Full textThe focus of contemporary media (radio and television) on scientific knowledge is a relatively recent phenomenon. Most importantly, media exploitation of expert opinion and the modes of transmission of scientific knowledge within the public domain of the media have been the object of very few empirical studies up to now. This research examines the use of television by the scientific community, and more specifically, specialists in social sciences, from the previously unexplored standpoint of researchers currently in the spotlight. This work is based on interviews with ‘visible scientists’ from France, Germany and USA. An analysis of the perceptions of popularising science on television is complemented by systematic quantitative research into the media appearances. The thesis also examines thoroughly the political exploitation of scientific research in the media and how it wavers between ideology and expertise, generating confusion between the authoritative role of science and that of politics. On the other hand, feedback from researchers' peers allowed to examine the state of the relation between academic and media credentials. Finally, in order not to neglect the effects of media notoriety on many researchers who up till now have worked in a closed academic environment, we also take stock of existing dialectic relationships between the opening up to new markets, to new powers and symbolic and financial rewards, and the nature of the scientific opinions broadcast in the media
Grégori, Florence. "Sociologie de l'image filmique, analyse de l'image en son régime mental." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H022.
Full textIn the present study we only take interest to underground, and independant films and directors a motion picture film exists as a result of cutting. By deleting some scenes and assembling others into a desired sequence, most of the time the director got his film. When suddenly the film is going through a sequence to another, we ordinary say there is a cut. At this particuliar place stands what we call here a mental image. We present here an analysis, in a sociological way, of these mental impressions. From the data we got through the latter analysis, we organized our results and compared them with data and results we obtained from the observation of the common and domestic life. At last, questionning the two parts of our study, we can define our new manners of thinking, of acting, and simply of being, as Emile Durkheim did two hundred years ago
Foucher, Claude. "La malvoyance évolutive : démarche associative et problématique identitaire : étude anthropologique d'un ensemble de sujets atteints d'une maladie génétique cécitante et des modalités socioculturelles de leur adaptation." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0050.
Full textThe aim of this research was to understand hom people suffering from retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic, progressive disease leading to blindnesse and so far incurable, cope with it. We wanted to analyse how they adapt on the socio-cultural point of vue and particularily why they have created an association under the nineteen-hundred-and-one-law. We have first realized an historical approach of the associative phenomenon. Then, we have undertaken a detailed study among a year of creations of associations in France. On a second part of this thesis, we have analysed the way the patients cope with the disease by means of sixty semi-directive interviews and one thousand and thirty five questionnaires. We have shown the links between psychosocial identity and the decision of creating an association. Our modern society considers the disabbled mainly through a technical approach but no longer through a cultural one as in the past. We have tried, in the last part of this research, to explain why the number of associations increases so fast nowadays
Roche, Julia. "Mieux comprendre la persévérance dans l'enseignement supérieur en France dans la transition lycée - études supérieures." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2004/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at a better understanding of perseverance in the first year of higher education.Before and after this period, two series of semi-directive interviews were led with 47 individuals,built from the model of the integration of the student (Tinto, 1999) and the concept of studies types(Lahire, 1997). Their analyses, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, explain theprocesses related to perseverance by showing significant links with some pre-admission factors andthe majority of the student experiment factors. The results differentiate four types of perseverance,defined according to two criteria: the success / academic failure and perseverance in the samecourse / reorientation in another higher education institution
Jaisson, Marie. "Les Lieux de l'art : études sur la structure sociale du milieu médical dans une ville universitaire de province [Dijon]." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0002.
Full textThe aim of the study is the analysis of the concrete conditions exercise of the medical practices in a french provincial town equiped with a medical school. The logic and the sociology of these practices have to be understood under a structural hypothesis which presupposes the permanency and the long term transformation of social structures immediatly perceived by social agents so that cursuses and individual choices can be explained. Such an hypothesis has not been developped so far in medical sociology. Conclusions (1) a property of such a structure is its high level of local autonomy (2) the medical specialities can be characterized too by a specific autonomy but not local the noddles of the structure are the hospitals specialized in the training of medical students (centres hospitalouniversitaires) where various conversions of the capitals associated with each autonomy are possible. Therefore some elements proper to the logic of the social division of medical labor by gender are shown as some effects of social origins among the medical students. The sources are the productions of french administrations and research organization about medicine and set of interviews
Croteau, Martine. "Le repas familial : être en famille autour d'un menu rassembleur : étude de cas des repas familiaux de deux familles de la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28128/28128.pdf.
Full textSharing meals as a family is suggested as a public health measure because of its benefits on the health of children and teenagers. Recommendations for promoting family meals mainly derive from studies in health and nutrition. However, this thesis differs in that it studies family meals using a qualitative methodology inspired by social anthropology. It indeed presents a case study on the practices and representations associated with family meals in two single-parent families in the Québec region. The combined use of direct observation, participatory photography, logbook entries and interviews has shed new light on family meals by revealing the dynamics and meaning that underlie this practice. This study has also highlighted the variability of family meals within the families themselves, their important social dimension, their close association with family relations and the impact the composition of the family unit has on them.
Barylo, William. "L'islam, moteur de I'engagement citoyen ? : études des constructions personnelles et impact social de l'islam dans l'espace public européen à partir du milieu associatif musulman." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0027.
Full textThe first decade of the 21st century gave birth to some original and innovative charities in Europe, lead by small groups of young active Muslims. In these organisations, islamic ethics is not only a social cernent, tying strong bonds, but also a motor to volunteers' motivation. With the help of a comprehensive amount of empirical data through an ethnographie approach, this work drafts the process and dynamics of getting involved in thèse Muslim charities. This research analyses how these Muslim volunteers embrace modem cultures in light of islamic practices and values and eventually, how they embody a whole new generation of European citizens, refreshing key concepts such as citizenship and democracy
El, Dika Sami. "Intérêt et limites de l'analyse des traces pour l'évaluation des usages : étude expérimentale d'un service de communication Internet." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30021.
Full textThe conception of web sites is generally a hard task. The hardness is due to two major factors, first it depends directly on ontological parameters and secondly on the expected rent ability. The information products are designed to establish the connection between the delivered product and the effective receiver. The use of the web sites gives rise to a high quantity of information's. Different measure tools were developed in order to treat the endogen information and to try to answer this work tries to valid the following assertion. Under some conditions, the modelling can be considered as a tool to help exploring data and permits to decrease the cost of statistical interpretation by the use of decision-making aid techniques. The decisional modelling is developed in the e-commerce, it uses analytic models which are based on neural networks and decisional trees. It consists in gathering the data and the underlying connections in a set of rules; hence, the web site conceptor can use an inductive modelling based on the using set
Zidi, Najoua. "Études économiques sur les inégalités sociales de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080053.
Full textThis dissertation addresses social inequalities in health by attempting to identify the main determinants of social inequalities in health. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of health systems and their reforms on social inequality in health, with an emphasis on a deeper understanding of the ways and mechanisms by which socio-economic factors reduce or increase health inequalities. The aim is to understand social inequalities in health and identify their main determinants, whether in Tunisia or by comparing Tunisia with other countries.Based on a review of the literature on the determinants of social inequalities in health, we propose a conceptual analysis of the links between health and socio-economic status, including the income of individuals and countries by studying the impact of the latter on the health status of a population. It is thus proposed to explore the relationship between income inequality, social inequality and disparities in health status in the context of the emergence of social inequalities in health (SSI). According to the definitions of social determinants, health inequality must be considered from a perspective of systematic analysis referring to the most explicitly cited and proven socio-economic theories in the health economics literature. A conceptual framework on methods for measuring social inequalities in health was proposed to discuss approaches to decomposing inequalities in health care consumption, in particular with the concentration index as a measure that has so far been little explored. This made it possible to assess health inequalities, make a judgment on the inequity of health care distribution, and highlight the relevance of this measure in this area.Among the aspects of health inequality, several determinants support disparities in the demand for health services that are linked to both economic situations and health systems. Many theoretical approaches argue that inequality in access to care is linked to the characteristics and norms of health systems that lead to conditions of inequity in financial access to care and the use of the resources and services of these systems. This has been a motivation for successive and ongoing reforms in several countries around the world in the areas of health financing and health insurance. These reforms have also sought to improve the performance of health systems. Thus, in this thesis, we have tried to measure the levels of efficiency and equity in the Tunisian health system, by studying the factors that cause health inequalities in Tunisia and the reform of health insurance as well as the determinants of its development as a means of financing health care. We then presented an evaluation of the reform of the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie (CNAM) in 2007, examined its impact on access to healthcare and analysed their motivations and consequences. A conceptual framework for health system performance evaluation is presented to discuss methods for measuring and estimating the level of technical and economic efficiency, including the DEA method
Schorlé, Carole. "Les lycéens et les études supérieures, propriétés sociales et rapports différenciés : (enquêtes Alsace)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20031.
Full textFor the great majority of the high-school pupils, the youth will begin with a period of study. This thesis treats, in Alsace, the relationships of these many individuals to the space of the higher education. At the same time, it analyzes their means and their expectations, i. E. Their ideals as regards the studies, and their wish of the studies they would choose. The statistical result of a regional inquiry by questionnaires and the collected qualitative data in repeated interviews with a small group of pupils, show that the origin of each one, in particular in its cultural an sexual dimensions, continues to strongly condition the perceptions and the practices in terms of higher studies, although the school system knew some evolutions, a priori likely to reduce the social inequalities. The exceptions being able to appear on the individual level are too seldom modifying the social domination relationships. Globally, the social reproduction remains
Bouaziz, Intissar. "Le besoin de différenciation du consommateur : une contribution à l’explication des réponses ostentatoires versus expérientielles : Application à la consommation des produits de luxe." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0644.
Full textDarriet, Elisa. "Science économique et sens commun : études des représentations sociales de la crise économique et de l'euro." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020034.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population
Laporte, Renaud. "Sports et reseaux sociaux." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054012.
Full textPelletier, Carole. "Lecture sociale et idéologique des Mercredis de la vie : collection de téléfilms de France 2 (1992-1995)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010593.
Full textMagrou, Marthe. "Technique et nature cultivée : entre symbolisme et pratiques agraires : approche anthropo-sociologique des épouvantails dans les champs : études en nord Nouvelle-Aquitaine." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20022/document.
Full textToday's farmers are « ultra-modern » gear and machine users. But in their fields, which are at the heart of what makes the economic strength of France (the second biggest cereal exporter in the world), they still use traditional scarecrows. This is the study of what seemed like a set of paradoxes in terms of appearance and symbolism. Purposefully distancing itself from the usual explanations about the agricultural social, and basing itself on a body of previous anthropological works, this study is about practices, their social origins and their consequences. The result is a set of analysis and findings allowing a reinterpretation of agricultural realities. Looking at it this way, the french agriculture appears flourishing, ingenious, inventive, reactive and adaptable. Which is rarely said about it. But it also seems to manage it at the cost of an ancient and powerful social mechanics: the disqualification and the elimination of what maid the ancestral peasantry. Thus we end up encountering what seems like a systemic cause of the “suicides” of struggling farmers. Indeed, one of the specificities of their activity is that by shutting down, they make available agricultural lands that others need to thrive
Cuillerat, Annie. "Le contexte du transfert des technologies de l'industrie vers le patrimoine : l'impact médiatique de l'opération "Titanic"." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30052.
Full textThe conveyance of the technologies coming from the world of industry to the field of heritage is carried out through the Technological and Scientific Patronage (T. S. P), and then thanks to the "Patronage of Abilities". The know-how of firms is used either in a formal way through official structures of patronage or in an unofficial way through some members of the staff, in relationship to the hierarchy and the culture of the company. The state authorities issue some regulations about the Patronage of Firms, which enable them to get an allowance as regards taxes and to inform about the events and operations of patronage carried out by the companies. As concerns the transfer of such technologies, some firms merge to perform some operations, whereas others achieve this transfer individually. The communication of informations about the events linked to the patronage of firms which proceed from the activities performed by the T. S. P, is one of the strategies of the firm. This communication gives a meaning to the stakes, whether of identity, areas, relationships and influences, which enable to build up and differentiate the image of the company through a cultural filter. In order to impose its social identity, facing the competition in a global environment, the firm includes the values of ethics and respect of business rights into its economical policy for a lasting development. The processing through electrochemistry of the artefacts coming from the Titanic, thanks to the T. S. P of E. D. F, conveys a communication about this event, whose lexical memorisation is carried about, on the short run, by the initials of E. D. F, and the semantic memorisation on the long run, by the meaning of the informations. The title as well as the heading deals above all with the scoop about the operation "Titanic", moreover, inside the essay, it also deals with the processing of the artefacts in a substantial way
Chiffoleau, Yuna. "Réseaux et pratiques de l'innovation en milieu coopératif." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H074.
Full textLa, Ville Valérie-Inés de. "Apprentissages collectifs et structuration de la stratégie dans la jeune entreprise de haute technologie : étude de cas et éléments de modélisation procédurale." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO33012.
Full textHazem, Nesrine. "Conscience de soi et contact interindividuel : études en électrophysiologie et magnétoencéphalographie." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS087/document.
Full textSituations of interpersonal contact could contribute to the construction of a basic sense of self during childhood and to self-representations through lifespan. Although this hypothesis is widespread in the literature, the effect of social contact on self-awareness has been rarely been investigated experimentally. The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate such an effect in human adults. In two studies combining electrophysiological measurements and behavioural responses, we show an enhancement of a minimal form of self-awareness – i.e. of the afferent information arising from the body – following social contact. This is reproduced across three sensory modalities (visual, auditory and tactile social contact). In a third study, we use magnetoencephalography to test the effect of an increased (vs reduced) multisensory interpersonal contact context between an experimenter and participants, on the functional connectivity of resting-state networks and on the participants’ thought contents. Our results revealed an enhancement of self-oriented cognitive and brain processes in a highly integrated form, associated to a decrease in externally oriented sensory processes, as a result of the social context of increased interpersonal contact. Together, our results suggest that social contact enhances multiple facets of self-representation, including basic bodily aspects of a minimal self, as well as higher level and integrated aspects of a narrative self. Our social interactions throughout lifespan may thus induce a cerebral and cognitive context centred on a multifaceted self, which would foster self-awareness and the construction of an embodied and embedded sense of identity
Gasson, André. "Le développement agricole durable : fondements théoriques et éclairage bas-normand." Caen, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03138629.
Full textVolpé, Sylvain. "Analyse des impacts opérationnels et financiers d'un aménagement écosystémique dans la région de la Côte-Nord : le cas de l'Île René-Levasseur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24603/24603.pdf.
Full textGueye, Serigne Touba Mbacké. "La Politique du logement social en France et au Québec (Canada) entre 1990 et 2008 : les enjeux de la mixité." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0061.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to treat, by a thorough comparative analysis, failure of the policy of social diversity in France and reasons of its absence in the public policies of Quebec. Thus, the defended thesis consists in showing that social diversity does not exist yet in the French and Quebec public social housing even if one can note policies which were supposed to carry it out -social diversity political in France and of Community development and communities in Quebec. Since the beginning as of the Nineties, social diversity is considered, in France, as one of the best solutions to many problems with which the inhabitants of the disadvantaged districts are confronted. Contrary to France, the Nineties, in Quebec, were remembered by the withdrawal of the Federal state of any financing of the public social housing. This withdrawal registered Quebecese social Housing Park in a process of degradation and impoverishment without precedent
Morisseau, Tiffany. "Le rôle de l’intentionnalité et de l’affiliation sociale dans les processus inférentiels : quatre études inspirées par l’inférence contrastive." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20115.
Full textThis thesis aimed to explore the role of intentionality and social affiliation in the processing of communicative inferences. Three of the four main studies deal with contrastive inference, which consists in inferring from a referential expression such as the dry dog, the existence of a contrast object of the same kind (e.g. another dog) in the context at hand. The studies that I conducted in this work were developed within the traditional framework of experimental pragmatics, with a growing interest for the role of social affiliation in inferential communication.Study 1 uses an original paradigm that captures in a fine-grained manner subjects’ propensity to draw a contrastive inference, in a theoretical background that generally assumes that its computation is done by default when the context allows it. A developmental trajectory was observed among children, and adults’ performance suggests that drawing a contrastive inference is actually optional. Study 2 was interested in determining when children start using their expectations of optimal relevance when interpreting under- and over-informative instructions. It shows that at the age of five, but not three, children are slowed in responding to a modified instruction in a context where it is over-informative, compared to optimal, suggesting that they are sensitive to the relevance of a referential choice.Building on the idea that intentionality is crucial for pragmatic communication, I asked the question of whether features of the speaker-listener relationship could influence the inferential process itself. A first step was to test the effect of group affiliation on perspective taking abilities (Exploratory study). The next studies follow a different approach, by viewing inferential communication as a way to establish and maintain social affiliation.Study 3 is an electromyography study that deals with the particular case of jokes. Social affiliation between speakers and subjects were manipulated using a political induction. The results show that a humorous inference is better evaluated and triggers more positive reactions when the speaker’s identity is socially relevant to the subject.Study 4 uses an eyetracking procedure to test the hypothesis of an effect of social affiliation on contrastive inference. Manipulating political affiliation proved to affect the processing of a possible contrast object when responding to an over-informative instruction. Specifically, when the speaker was a member of the outgroup, subjects tended to check more on a hidden image that possibly contained a contrast object, in order to ascertain the relevance of the speaker’s referential choice.In sum, these studies shed a new light on contrastive inference, taking advantage of the recent developments in experimental pragmatics. They also allow for a better characterization of the social mechanisms involved in inferential communication
Midy, Marie Yonide. "Les pouvoirs de la traduction, pouvoir d'institution : contribution à une sociologie politique de la traduction dans les institutions internationales." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070102.
Full textIf translation is useful, it is however not neutral, it influences social relations. Ideologies, from the most virtuou to the most perverse, have been conveyed by translations and translation as a tool of mediation is a politica paradigm because of the urgent need to communicate. Translation as a challenge becomes a model which contain in itself an element of respect for diversity, not only a language tool but a hospitality component. In this thesis, w will try to focus on some of its many social and political effects. We will reflect on the translation in twm international institutions as a metaphor of mediation between cultures. We examine in this research the socio political issues of the translation process within the institutions, from a sociological perspective withou attempting an exhaustive sociography of the translators, their conditions of work in international institutions a social actors or agents in connection with the international communication and linguistic diversity. We wi highlight the role of translators in the institutional project. We will emphasize the importance of the translato invested with a real power in an office of translation in those two international institutions: The United Nation (UN) and a religious institution within the Catholic Church. To conclude, we venture a comparative study o translation practices within these two institutions in order to highlight common and divergent characteristics
Costa, Cleide Jane De Sa Araujo. "A iniciaç~ao à leitura em dois contextos socio-culturais no âmbito do SINIALCO." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10020.
Full textDucol, Benjamin. "Devenir jihadiste à l'ère numérique : une approche processuelle et situationnelle de l'engagement jihadiste au regard du Web." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25744.
Full textGargano, Virginie. "L'intervention en contexte de nature et d'aventure : une analyse sous l'angle des facteurs d'aide." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31844.
Full textSince the early twentieth century, natural outdoor and adventure settings have been used in education and psychosocial intervention (Gass, Gillis, & Russell, 2012; Miles & Priest, 1999; Russell & Hendee, 2000; Tucker & Norton, 2013). Predominantly utilized by groups with educational and therapeutic aims, some effects on individuals taking part in those programs with personal and interpersonal plans have been reported, notably on selfperception (Whittington, 2006), self-efficacy (Ronalds & Allen-Craig, 2008; Török, Kökönyei, Károlyi, Ittzés, & Tomcsányi, 2006), social skills and leadership (Sibthorp, 2003; Stott & Hall, 2003). These effects demonstrate the relevance of this type of intervention. Certain underlying elements of reported effects have been identified, such as the importance of the group in the experience of participants (Deane & Harré, 2014; Scheinfeld, Rochlen, & Buser, 2011), but there is much left to be understood about the group’s place in natural outdoor and adventure experiences. Considered to allow in-depth examination of operating processes in groups, the Helping Factors model developed by Yalom et Leszcz (2005) provides a conceptual framework that is open to possibility. Defining the processes acting within a group as underlying the individual benefits taken away by members, this conceptual framework permits an understanding of what participants encounter in experiences in natural outdoor and adventure settings. Conducted with 23 college students, this qualitative research aims to identify the active Helping Factors in an educational program that takes place in natural outdoor and adventure settings. This general objective can be broken down into two specific objectives: 1) To identify which Helping Factors emerge in group interventions in experiences in natural outdoor and adventure settings; and (2) to determine their relative importance, according to the perspectives of the participants. The results obtained demonstrate a strong presence of the majority of the Helping Factors proposed by Yalom and Leszcz (2005). Interpersonal Learning, Development of Socializing Techniques and Cohesiveness are found to be among the most important. Secondarily, Altruism, Imitative Behavior and Imparting Information are found. Of lesser importance are Corrective Recapitulation of the Primary Family Group, Catharsis, Hope and Existential Factors. The relative importance of different Helping Factors could be attributable to the educational nature of the group and the absence of problems experienced by the participants. The results equally indicate that the fact of being in nature, of carrying out activities that require personal coping strategies and experimenting with challenge and success through risk-taking have a catalytic effect on the occurrence of Helping Factors. These results resonate with elements that are already recognized in programs implemented in the context of natural outdoor and adventure settings, such as experimenting with challenge and success through risk-taking, adaptive dissonance and the relationships between stakeholders and members of the group (McKenzie, 2003; Panicucci, 2007; Priest, 1999a; Russell & Phillips-Miller, 2002). The choice of Helping Factors as an analytical framework brings new light to the central position that the group occupies in interventions in natural outdoor and adventure settings. In this sense, the results of this thesis are breaking new ground. Within the literature, few links have been made between Helping Factors and interventions in natural outdoor and adventure settings (Gass et al., 2012; Williams, 2000). Furthermore, studies on Helping Factors have been predominantly carried out in traditional intervention environments and with clinical and adult populations (Shechtman, 2003; Shechtman, Bar-el, & Hadar, 1997; Yalom & Leszcz, 2005), whereas this doctoral study focuses on young adults in natural outdoor and adventure settings. This thesis demonstrates that Helping Factors can occur within different conditions, pointing to possible future avenues of research in social work.
Castellano, González Cristina. "La construction du sens dans les expositions muséales : études de cas à Chicago et à Paris." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010568.
Full textFéménias, Damien. "L'esprit d'équipe : Sociologie de l'équipe, du rugby et de son imaginaire." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H059.
Full textProvencher, Jérémie, and Jérémie Provencher. "La participation sociale en contexte de mixité sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28279.
Full textLa présente étude traite des enjeux de la participation sociale liés au contexte de mixité sociale. L'objectif général est de décrire et de découvrir les facteurs et obstacles qui favorisent ou freinent la participation sociale des personnes vivant dans une habitation collective de mixité sociale. La stratégie de recherche est qualitative et l'étude de cas a été choisie pour tenir compte des concepts de participation sociale et de mixité sociale. Ainsi, la recherche a été réalisée auprès de l'organisme à but non lucratif (OBNL) Habitations Vivre Chez Soi. Les données du projet ont été recueillies auprès de huit personnes lors d'entrevues semi-dirigées, deux périodes d'observation participante ainsi que l'analyse de vingt documents écrits. Le portrait ainsi obtenu de la participation sociale a démontré que les facteurs et les obstacles sont à la fois de l'ordre individuel, interpersonnel, organisationnel et environnemental. De plus, l'analyse des résultats indique que certaines caractéristiques propres au phénomène de la mixité sociale ont un impact sur l'engagement des participants. À partir des constats empiriques mis en parallèle avec la théorie, le chercheur a identifié quelques pistes d'action pour les organisateurs communautaires ainsi que pour les décideurs qui gèrent ou aménagent un milieu d'habitation en mixité sociale afin de mobiliser et de maintenir la participation.
Godard, Julie. "Fonctionnements psychosocial et neuropsychologique associés à un épisode dépressif majeur dans le cadre d'un trouble de l'humeur sévère et complexe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27025/27025.pdf.
Full textGraber, Nils. "La vacuna, une innovation cubaine : immunothérapie du cancer, essais cliniques et soins primaires aux marges de la globalisation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0122.
Full textSince its emergence in the 1980s, the Cuban biotechnology industry has developed pharmaceuticals designed to both export and integration into the national health system. Among innovative projects, cancer immunotherapy stands as one of the main areas. This domain of cancer therapy attempts to act upon immunological mechanisms to destroy or contain the tumour. Since 2010, some of these treatments have been made accessible for a wide-spread use in the country through the implementation of clinical trials expanded to primary health centres, called polyclinics, where notably general practitioners are working. The aim of this intervention is to transform (advanced) cancer into a chronic disease. It is an unprecedented intervention. At the international level, where immunotherapy also stands as a cutting-edge oncology treatment, these new drugs are only available at the hospital level, and wide access is threatened due to high prices. Combining ethnography with the study of collaborative networks, this work explores the innovation process in the development of cancer immunotherapy in Cuba, in its attempts to conciliate industrial policies and public health goals. The use of the local term vacuna is part of an examination of epistemic specificity as well as of the multiple understanding of cancer immunotherapy among industrial researchers, oncologists and primary healthcare professionals. The vacuna is taking shape through practices embedded within public institutions, which attempt to constantly conciliate conflicting dimensions, between economic and public health goals, biomedicine and primary care, respect of global norms and attention to local particularities, which is a source of multiple and modular innovations, likely to circulate among both global South and global North
Simões, Barbosa Magalhães Santos Sonia Maria. "Lamento e dor : Uma analise socio-antropologica do deslocamento compulsorio provocado pela construção de barragens." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131028.
Full textThe central idea developed in this work is that the studies carried through on the compulsory displacement provoked by the construction of dams, although mentioning the social dimension of the social suffering, do not submit that dimension to analysis. Taking as principle that the analyzed facts are socially shared and constructed, therefore carrying senses more or less lasting or more or less perceptible – anyhow, publicized - that, at times, interact under the form of conflict, it is my goal to perform an analysis of the way these senses conform to three distinct and linked social situations. On the first one, the public arena, I analyze the controversy about the main classification categories for the compulsory displacement process, its contexts and main agents, trying to evidence the rhetorical construction fundamentals, in a dispute to make prevail a determined politic and social evaluation of this process. In the second social situation, the academic universe, I analyze the current state of studies on the compulsory displacement, locating the main theoretical axes, in order to highlight the relation between the disciplinary and interpretative fields, mostly the hegemony of disciplinary subjects, amongst which the analysis of the suffering is not included. In the third, I analyze the process of compulsory displacement, from a research carried in Tucuruí, Pará state, Brazil, presenting the senses of social suffering evocated by those who lived it
Vignal, Bénédicte. "La sensibilité écologique et les usages sociaux de la nature dans les pratiques de plein air : le cas de la baignade en eau douce." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10228.
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