Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abandon enfant'
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Payrière, Michel. "L'enfance abandonnée, 1788-1988 : 200 ans de protection médico-sociale en France et en Languedoc." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11317.
Full textRivière, Antoine. "La misère et la faute : abandon d’enfants et mères abandonneuses à Paris (1876-1923)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040128.
Full textFrom the beginning of the Third Republic to the days following the Great War, about 3,000 children were abandoned each year in Paris and taken in by the public care services (Assistance publique). In the vast majority of cases, the parents who gave up their off-spring were single mothers. Forsaken by the father of their child, they were keen on hiding their shame from their own parents or sternly ordered to redeem the dishonour their out-of-wedlock pregnancies had visited on their own families; unmarried mothers epitomized abandonment. Their stories are those of feminine misery and the social infamy attached to single motherhood. Throughout the Belle Epoque (1870-1914), the Assistance publique services strove to facilitate abandonments and to guarantee their anonymity in order to keep the women willing to hide their shameful pregnancies to resort to criminal practices (abortion or infanticide). As for the progeny of misery, the Parisian child welfare authorithy willingly took them in as a means to the avowed goal of removing them from the corrupting milieu where they were born; and with the express dream of regenerating them both morally and physically. The Assistance publique services could not but blame the parents who shirked their duties, still they took into better account their dire straits – especially during the great economic depression of the end of the 19th century – and, supported by the budding welfare state, they varied their policies towards the prevention of child-abandonment. If, at the dawn of the 1920s, they more or less managed to contain the numbers of misery-induced abandonments, they failed to curb those induced by guilt
Fauconnier-Chabalier, Martine. "Des mères singulières : les mères qui abandonnent leur enfant, en France (XXe siècle, début du XXIe siècle)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20016.
Full textChild abandonment has always existed. There are historian’s works on this phenomenon, and on the children concerned. They are mainly on the Middle-Ages, the modern era and the nineteenth century. Few, on the other hand, are said about the mothers who abandon. Stereotype and literature often represent them as loose women, bad mothers, or destitute. This doctoral thesis aims to understand who they really are: their age, their marital and professional situation, their geographical origin ... It also aims to better understand the reasons that lead these mothers to this decision, and what they transmit to their children. The work also sheds light on their subsequent demands for news and for tacking back their children, as well as on the actions that their offspring undertake to find them. The research lies in metropolitan France, during the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century. It highlights that a majority of these singular mothers are in their twenties, are single, and some of them already have a child. Their situation is often precarious. But what characterizes them even more is the loneliness in which they find themselves during their pregnancy. Beyond these common features, evolutions are emerging over the years. These women are for many courageous mothers who wished to protect their child
Titli, Chloé. "L’abandon de l’enfant dans la civilisation et la littérature grecques jusqu’à la fin du quatrième siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040250.
Full textThe abandonment of children is paradoxically twofold : though recurrent in mythology and literature, it is almost not mentioned as a social fact in Greek texts from the Archaic and Classical periods. Historians have very few sources at their disposal to determine the circumstances and the extent of newborn exposure in Greek civilization. Modern works often present it as a widespread act, to such a point that philosophers would advocate it for eugenic purposes. However, a rigorous analysis of the texts leads to more moderate conclusions. In their assessments, the scholars seem to be wrongly influenced by the omnipresence of abandoned children in literature. From the founding myths to the New comedy, heroes are exposed at birth after a rape, an oracle or a reversal of fortune. A literary study of that theme will then consist in spotting transgeneric constants and intertextual hints, but also in bringing to light the particularities of each genre. So abandonment appears to be a polymorphic pattern, not a distinctive feature of tragedy, in spite of the current celebrity of Oedipus
Boos, Candice. "Les liens familiaux à l'épreuve de l'abandon d'enfant." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8636/document.
Full textChild abandonment is an old phenomenon that has spanned centuries. In the 21st century, it should be noted that it has become a multi-sided issue. Child abandonment has a significant impact on family relationships which are likely to be disturbed given the behaviour of the abandoning parent and the moment when the abandonment occured. A child may thus have been abandoned by his or her parent(s) at birth, which hinders the creation of a child-parent relationship. Therefore this minor will not be legally attached to his/her mother and/or father. Furthermore, once the filiation has been established, the child and his parents will weave family bonds that they will develop over time, but a certain amount of factors may impair the family ties that will have been created among family members, leading, in some cases, to child abandonment. Subsequently the vulnerable and helpless child is bound to be a victim. Lawmakers should hence do their utmost to protect the well-being and the interest of the latter. Nervertheless the positive law in force may compromise the creation or the continuation of the family relationship among the lineage. As a result, would it not be appropriate, in some cases of abandonment, to readjust measures and sanctions (civil penalties) with a view to maintaining family bonds ? Conversely is the legal framework sufficient and effective to punish abandoning parents ? Therefore our objective consisted in suggesting various measures to overcome those difficulties while emphasizing the protection of family relationship when required by the child’s interest
Dioubate, Mohamed Lamine. "Prise de décision des parents à retirer leur enfant de l'école en milieu urbain guinéen : cas de la préfecture de Kindia." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33009.
Full textWe are now witnessing the emergence of a growing phenomenon, which politicians are not paying attention to, and which by their recurrence deprives thousands of children of one of their fundamental rights from year to year, primary schooling complete. This research examines from the families' point of view the reasons for the decision to withdraw their child from school at the upper secondary level of Guinea. To better comprehend the reasoning that lies behind the parents’ decision, we have given preference to a qualitative-type methodology that is based on the semi-structured interview technique. Therefore, we have developed a non-probabilistic sample based on the participants’ voluntary participation. Our inclusion criteria focused on three categories of parents i.e. being a parent residing in one of the neighborhoods where the interviews took place, parents having children enrolled in one of the three targeted schools, parents having removed a child from school. Interviews were conducted with 23 parents who had removed one child or more from school. In addition to empirical information, we have conducted documentary research to complement the theoretical and conceptual framework. This framework is essentially devoted to understanding the rationality of the actor, mainly the parents as regards the removal of children from school. It takes into account the representations and expectations of the parents in relation to their agency on the educational aspect and on the social success of children. As for Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) eco-systemic approach, it poses the interrelationship that binds parents up to their environment and how this environment can have an impact on their decision-making process and their agency. ccording to the results, three questions raised in this research have been answered. First, a significant set of various factors is highlighted, which help understand the parents’ decision to remove their children from school: the removal of children from school is a process that arises clearly from several people in charge of the children, is taken in search for compromise and negotiation between these people, sometimes including the child itself. Then the removal of children from school shows that various reasons are at stake, ranging from the family socioeconomic and cultural conditions to external factors. Indeed, whatever the approach to the problem taken, there is always one or more reasons that would endeavor parents to act as such. Finally, if amongst interviewees, parents are overwhelmingly positive towards school, others, though a fair minority, keep opposing the educational system. At this stage, it is worthwhile recalling that this positive perception parents have about the educational system comes from the understanding parents share that school helps children becoming educated, well brought up and responsible men and women, able in the future to stand up for their country. Not with standing the fact that parents do expect from their children succeeding at school to take financial care of the family one day. Field data reveal that the families who took part in the interview process use different strategies to remove their child from school. The main reason parents give, whatever their social background, is that their children’s social success is at the heart of their concern. To a mere observer, the resulting paradox is far from obvious, but is of utmost importance and meaning since this research has been conducted in taking that paradox into account, i.e. though removing their children from school, parents are fully aware that school features such as education, instruction, knowledge of spoken and written French are as important to us as to the society as a whole. Those values that school develops and which parents are aware of do not prevent parents to remove their children from school. Their agency, which we define as part of a logic parental rationality is at the heart of our study. Keywords: Decision Making, Social Representation, Rationality, Actor, Disappointment, Social Success.
Renard, Loreta Fabiola Carmen. "L'adoption entre la France et le Pérou dans le cadre de la convention de la Haye du 29 mai 1993." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30031.
Full textFor this work we consider Peru as the state of origin and France as the receiving State. We develop in the preliminary Chapter the importance of the Hague’s Convention of 29 th May 1993. In the first Part: The way to the peruvian child adoption by french candidates where two conditions are considered: On one side the peruvian child who is subject to verification of his legal status with the intention to declare his adoptability, and on the other hand, the french candidates able to qualify, being evaluated by the french competent authorities in order to determine their suitability and their capability to adopt. In the Second Part: The accomplishment of the adoption in Peru by French Citizens, the Secretary National of Adoption is the central authority that makes sure that obligations assumed by the Peruvian State are enforced as part of the Hague’s Convention. The French candidates have to send their application to Secretary National of Adoption who, in turn will perform its function and, finally the adoption is completed by an administrative decision. After that in the Third part: After adoption, the adoptive parents have to demand the recognition of the French authority of the adoption realized in Peru. The plenary adoption causes the child to lose all ties with the biological family. This rupture does not prevent the adopted child from learning about his biological family, once he has reached adulthood. Conclussion: we set forth to answer the question: Is adoption a true alternative for abandoned children?
Capul, Maurice. "Abandon et marginalité /." Toulouse : Privat, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36639269j.
Full textL'ouvrage reprend, pour l'essentiel, une partie du t. 2 de : "Internat et internement sous l'Ancien régime", Paris : CTNERHI : diff. PUF, 1983. Index.
Tarifa, Fernández Adela. "Marginación, pobreza y mentalidad social en el Antiguo Régimen : los niños expósitos de Úbeda (1665-1788) /." Granada : [Úbeda?] : Universidad de Granada ; Ayuntamiento de Úbeda, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369926493.
Full textRonzy, Amandine. "Les enfants abandonnés au 18ème et 19ème siècles en Europe : Parutions depuis 1990 /." Villeurbanne : ENSSIB, 2001. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rrbronzy.pdf.
Full textNotes bibliogr.
Kondangba, Hervé Séraphin. "Les abandons scolaires en Centrafrique." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20015.
Full textDespite the free and compulsory nature of the primary education in Central African Republic (CAR) numbers of children with potentially great skills and intellectual capability are rejected at the end of primary cycle. A deep social identification shows that most of these children stemmed from the working classes. This observation is our key motivation for an extensive investigation of the phenomenon of classes' abandonment. Stepping forward into details, we will be taking interest in the relationship between the earlier schooling abandonment and the social origin of the children
Bocquelet, Galliez Roxane Marie. "L'enfant en Grèce ancienne : entre désir et rejet." Lyon 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO20088.
Full textResearches into infanticide and infant abandoning in Ancient Greece have made good progress these last years. And although this topic was dealt wicth in several article, no comprehensive work has been done on the matter since 1966 when professor Germain Louis. R. F. Published his thesis : The abandoning of newborn children and infanticide in Ancient Antiquity. History of the private laws in Antiquity. Opinions still diverge about the importance of the phenomenon and its consequences both on the family and the abandonned newborn child’s fate. At the same time, studies about the family unit and especially women and children as well as historical demograph have brought new elements that allow us to rethink the question of the motherhood and its possible rejection. In the present work my prupose was to compare several sources of information : myths, comedy, laws, iconography, demography, medicine, ethnological comparisons where the newborn child is mentionned. In this way, I tried to understand why greek men and therefore greek women abandonned or killed infants in spite of high infant and mother mortalities and a desire for descendants. Then, I studied the methods they used, the probable fate of these rejected infants and how the parents and the city lived all this
Yin, Chansophat. "Étude des facteurs de l'abandon scolaire au niveau primaire au Cambodge /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textFrançois, Pierre Enocque Pain Jacques. "Système éducatif et abandon social en Haïti. Cas des Enfants et des jeunes de la rue." S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://bdr.u-paris10.fr/theses/internet/2009PA100066.pdf.
Full textFrançois, Pierre Enocque. "Système éducatif et abandon social en Haïti. Cas des Enfants et des jeunes de la rue." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100066/document.
Full textDuring the colonial period, education was reserved for a category of children. After the independence, the operation of the system did not allow to take into account all the children and youths to be scholarized. 500.000 children don' t have access to education. From them, more than 10.000 are in the street.Victims of the social marginalization they know a marginalized socialization.The National Plan of Education and Formation spread out over 10 years (1997-2007) which the objective to increase the education system by expansion of schooling offering is not successful. During the class work hours, children and young people of the street who will not have any relationship with educational establishments trail through the streets. So, the vulnerable population reproduces because the poor family could not ensure a mobility intergeneration. The risk for their children to know extreme poverty is very large. Haitian school is thus a driving belt of the reproduction of poverty. Our intellectual curiosity leads us to bring the education system and the phenomenon of the children and the young people of the steet in Haiti. The thread of our work is the phenomenon of the children and the youths of the strret is a resultant of the mechanisms of operation of the education system which facilitates in parallel, by the non equal treatment and the social abandonment, the development of a marginalized school for the poorest families. The empirical data we have made it possible to validate our hypothesis. Although they express their will to go to school, the street is for them, the only place of formation and socialization.Child or youth of the street is then abandoned social
Prost-Hagbe, Marie-Agnès. "Abandon et adoption des enfants porteurs de trisomie 21 : étude dans la Loire de 1984 à 1993." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6229.
Full textVerdier, Pierre. "L'enfant pris en charge par l'aide sociale à l'enfance : objet de protection ou sujet de droit ?" Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20003.
Full textThe main lines of Pierre Verdier's work for this thesis tend to – consider the child taken into care by the Child Social Care, no longer as an object of protection but as a subject of rigths – uphold one of the basic rigths a child is entitled to is to have parents whose capacity to bring him up is preserved – lay down it is a Human Right to know one's parents, one's filiation, and one's origin. To achieve this, the author proposes law reforms aimed at – establishing filiation automatically follows birth – accommodating the child who cannot be brought up by his parents so as to maintain the balance of rights (keep the posibility of secret but do away with anonymity) - implementing a unique mode of adoption respecting both filiations : by birth and by adoption
Moretto, Brigitte. "Les enfants trouvés de l'hôpital de la manufacture de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25260.
Full textBoucher-Ducass, Anne-Sophie Mayaux Luc. "Le mensonge en droit de la filiation." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2001/boucherducass_as.
Full textCunha, Sérgio de Freitas. "Abandon et adoption des enfants brésiliens : observation clinique d'enfants en attente d'adoption et étude de certaines conséquences de la condition de l'enfance au Brésil." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070096.
Full textThe subject of this thesis deals with abandon and adoption of children in brazil. The different reasons of abandoning that appear in the brazilian society, and a psychological analysis of the repercussions of this situation in the developpement of those children's personality, are described. A few months' research has been accomplished in a brazilian institution for abondoned children awaiting adoption. This wait is not without consequences for the abandoned. Some aspects of children's behaviour in a adoption process have been observed, especially a massive and permanent distress. Observations aiming children of the institution who were adopted, particularly in france, have also taken place, in order to study the behaviour of children who have left this institution. Last of all, an examination of the adequate solutions concerning the abandoned children's problems in brazil, and the exactly space that the adoption policy must take in this matter, are analysed
Ardeeff-Garé, Isabelle. "L'enfant sans filiation." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10019.
Full textHow is it possible that a child can be deprived of family or parents? The first right of a child is obviously to know his parents. But some parents don't want to take care of their children. According to French law, those parents can abandon their children either before the birth of the child (in France, it's called "accouchement sous X") or after the birth, if the child is not 1 year old (what's called, in France, "abandon anonyme"). The thesis demonstrates that the opportunity that French law offers to the parents to abandon their children must be preserved, because it's a means to protect the child from abortion or murder. And those possibilities to abandon a child are not in opposition with international declarations about children's rights. However, the situation of a child deprived of family must be shorter than possible. So, French law gives the child the opportunity to be adopted. Some articles of French law also impose on the parents to take care of their children. But it's not a solution: it's useless to oblige a man or a woman to be a parent
Germain, Delors. "Essai sur les infractions intra-familiales." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010327.
Full textHan, Ling. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685103.
Full textSertelon, Sébastien. "Les transformations de la famille et l'adoption." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33033.
Full textThe aim of these researches consists in finding out the correlations between family evolutions and adoption. The family model has changed since the sixties. It is now multifaceted whereas it used to represent a static picture. These transformations have consequences on adoption ; way of generating filiation ties. Some people outside of the adoption system claim the right to adopt. Others misapply adoption to aims that are far from their original purposes. Meanwhile, family composition is influenced by adoption. The French dualist system leads to a strict dichotomy between two different filiation ties coming from the same system
Assicot, Bernard. "L'abandon d'enfant : étude de sociologie." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080792.
Full textThis work describes child abandonment as a paradoxical mode of negotiated social recognition. The child's discudded social is confined within the specific arrangements of social relation. The child, as a newcomer, is the only center of attention here. Birth implies the distribution of social competences related to beliefs and knowledge accepted or rejected by social negotiation on which the child - and particulary the abandoned child - is dependent. Abandonment is thus provided with definite characteristics which simplify its own procedure by entrusting it to a body of specialized structures setting up a distinctive population of children and one of women choosing a specific social procedure. By abandoned child is meant any new-born not admitted by its parents in their filiation and entrusted definitively to a third party. That child falls into the category of the "children whose filiation is not established or is unknown", as is defined by the code de la famille et de l'aide sociale. The study is however limited to the children born under unspecified "x" birth and entrusted to public authorities represented by local services of social assistance to childhood. Although works dealing expressly with the history of child abandonment were taken into account, this study developed the notion of abandonment from the angle of structural history - at one period of time - and not as a chronicle. An investigation was also carried out into the cases of thirty-nine women taken into care by social institutions because of their declared intentions to abandon the infant under unspecified "x" birth. Considered a social "blunder", the abandonment of children becomes eventually a matter of social participation and classification, of social opportunities to be guarded or regained
Speck, Sheila. "Enfants rendus : l’autre face de l’adoption : une étude sur le phénomène de « renvoi » d’enfants et d’adolescents au cours de la période de mise en relation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20030/document.
Full textThis thesis is one more effort to analyze the "return phenomenon" in the cohabitation stage, considering the reasons of the adopters for the return and its effects on children and adolescents. We understand that knowledge of risks and the evaluation of the different levels of the adoption process can provide interventions that reduce the failures in the construction of the new bonds. The objective is to analyze the phenomenon by the psychic view, taking into account the complexity of the adoptive filiation. We hypothetize that the adoption tends to fail in the following cases: there is no true desire on the part of the adopter to have a child (some demands may be characterized as perverse); the child does not correspond to the child imagined or fantasized by the parents (consider a certain tension between the desire of procreating and the one of adopting); there is a search for reparation by the adoption; the parental imagos inscribed in the child interfere in the process of filiation ; there is a failure on the part of the institutional teams in the evaluation of the applicants, in the follow up of the cohabitation stage and or in the preparation of the children. Based on the methodological proposition of metapsychology, we guided the research by the construction of 10 cases of children and adolescent based on the dossiers, on the juridical processes (dismissal, habilitation and adoption) and on the interviews with children's home teams. In that context, the interface of psychoanalysis with the law allowed for a better understanding and broad reflection on the subject. We have supported our study in Lacan's teaching : desire is essential in the construction of the link with the other. It should be pointed out that despite the many advances in the field of adoption, there is still much to be achieved, especially on the issue of transforming children and adolescents into subjects of rights, as a paradigm change
Namyouïssé, Jean-Mermoz. "Le système éducatif et les abandons scolaires en Centrafrique : cas de la région de l'Ouham." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-Namyouisse.pdf.
Full textCaroli, Dorena. "Jeunes à l'abandon : L'assistance sociale à la besprizornost' dans la Russie soviétique des années vingt (1918-1931)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0072.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the most important social problem of russia in the twenties: the besprizornost', that is the abandoned and criminal youth. The complexe reforms developed for the social control of this problem are analysed by the establishment of the different aspects of the social politic leaded by the commissariat for enlightenment (narkompros). The first part concerns the social politic refereed to juvenile delinquents, that is the implantation of the new administration responsible of the treatment of abandoned and criminal youth. The "juvenile affairs commissions" are examined by their legislative evolution and by their local practices. The second and the third part are complementary. The second deals with the elaboration of a psycho-pedagogical theory which forms the basis for the setting of children and youth in the orphanages and in the labour communes. The third part analyses the reform of these institutions during the twenties. This reform and her concrete aspects are accompanied by the examination of the different forms of welfare to which the soviet government seek for the social control of the abandoned and delinquent youth
Ning, Ling Han. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H001/document.
Full textMy research aims to psychic and social life of children in Chinese orphanages. These children are often abandoned because of their disability. They are placed as a result of the failure of their parents following a death, pauperism, imprisonment, or the difficulties they face leading to the abandonment of the child. I wonder how these children in Chineseorphanages will organize themselves socially and psychologically to deal with the double trauma: abandonment and placement. To test the effects of emotional deprivation crossed with the abandonment and institutionalization, an exploratory research, which consists of field observation and interviews with three nurses is carried out in two Chinese orphanages. And then, the data collection was conducted with 16 children from 7 to 12 years with the methodological tools: the interview with children, drawing and testing stories. The analysis of data collected is based on three vectors that underlie the organization of the psychic life of an individual : self-representation, representation of his relationship with others, defense mechanisms implemented. The presentation of results is divided into two parts: comprehensive study of data (comprehensive study of the interviews, comprehensive study of the drawings, comprehensive study of the test stories) and case studies (7 cases among the samples are selected for in-depth studies). The results show that these children have deficiencies in self-representation which are detected by the self-esteem damaged and negative feelings, deficiencies in their relationship with others of the order of pathology of the link, and to deal with their situation, some children may enter into a process of resilience which is observed by the defense mechanisms they use or by reference to a guardian of resilience
St-Onge, Amélie. "Les facteurs familiaux associés aux élèves à risque de décrochage scolaire de niveau secondaire." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Mbaye, Samba. "Nouvelles méthodes d'analyse du bien-être et moyens d'évaluation des programmes de lutte contre la pauvreté en milieu rural sénégalais." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484892.
Full textBoucher-Ducass, Anne-Sophie. "Le mensonge en droit de la filiation." Lyon 3, 2001. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2001_in_boucher_ducass_a.pdf.
Full textLi, Chenzhe. "L'infanticide, l'exposition d'enfants en Chine et l’évangélisation des missionnaires catholiques (1689-1840)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30004.
Full textThis thesis deals with the phenomenon of infanticide and abandoned children in China from1689 to 1840, through the descriptions of the Catholic missionaries, and the evangelization ofchildren by the Jesuits and the priests of the Paris Foreign Missions. By comparing thedifferent visions of various sources, this study attempts to reveal the reality of thephenomenon and its reasons, its reactions and the actions taken by the Chinese authority, aswell as by the European missionaries. It also highlights the work of childhood and theimportance of baptism for these Catholic missionaries.By exploring a rich literature, we bring, in the first part, different points of view brought byCatholic missionaries, by other Western travelers, and by the Chinese scholars and mandarins.The missionaries' testimonies are meant to attract more resources to help these miserablechildren. The writings of British travelers show the superiority of Europeans versus "Chinesebarbarism". Small girls are the first victims of infanticide and exposure, which is explained bythe status of inferiority of women, and by a series of cyclical and structural causes. This partalso presents the organization of Chinese hospices by comparing it to that of Westernhospices through abundant Chinese sources, which are barely used by Westernhistoriography.Hoping to convert as many pagans as possible, these Catholic missionaries devotedthemselves to this work of baptism of moribund children. They cared first of all about thesesouls who, by escaping the limbo of the children, will eternally glorify the Lord. In thecontext of the prohibition of Christianity in China in the eighteenth century after the RitesControversies, they thought it would be more appropriate to recruit some catechists to baptizethe dying exposed children than to establish the Catholic hospices. The Christian women werean important force in this work as well. The situation has been changed after the Opium Wars.From the second half of the nineteenth century, the French mission was under the protectionof its state.The originality of this research is to bring together anthropology, gender history and religioushistory, and to insert the study into the historical context of the asian mission and the globalmission, as well as the process of colonization. We hope that this research will shed new lighton the image of China in the eyes of Europeans at the time of the expansion of Westerncivilization and, at the same time, that it will contribute to enriching the understanding of thedifference between Western Catholic culture and Chinese culture
Gris, Christophe. "Les droits de l'enfant a l'épreuve des droits parentaux : l'exemple du rattachement familial de l'enfant." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40067/document.
Full textThe profound changes in our way of life, (desire for equality, feminism, generalization of reconstituted families, social acceptance of homosexuality, consumer society, individuals’ identity becoming immaterial on digital networks), have gone along with a radical change in the way of thinking of how children are affiliated to a family. The mention of both parents’ names on a birth certificate, or the recognition of a child are two promising medium, yet to be examined. Concerning adoption, it is founded upon a more abstract link based on volition, meaning that it may no longer require to take into account the circumstances surrounding the adoption. Finally, parallel to genetic filiation and voluntary filiation, a new category of filiation is taking shape: polygoneic filiation (multi-parental filiation), which is based on facts and pushed by the affection felt for the child, and which will require a legal content in the best interests of the child. Beyond all these forms of belonging to a family, we can then wonder what will become new rights for children. Will a child have the right to have specific parents? What will be the criteria for equality between children in the future? What benefits will the child attain after these evolutions? What importance should be given to his/her views? More than ever, it will be crucial to re-examine an equable and predictable legal framework for family bonds which would take into consideration the new public order of the family: the rights of the child
Allou, Hicham. "La kafala en France ou quand l'adoption devient impossible." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0091.
Full textMuslim countries provide special protection and assistance towards children deprived of their family environment through what is called kafala because their family law, essentially based on sharia, forbids adoption. French international law, when faced with this unusual institution imported by the important North African population leaving in France, had to deal with many difficulties in terms of understanding the concept and its technical specifics. Kafala had been brought in France by two means: family reunification, firstly, and international adoption, secondly. But, despite having been used to admitting muslim familial institutions and laws in the past, French international law actually proved to be unsuitable when it comes to kafala. Indeed, the methods and the aims of the discipline are discussed, again, due to the question of fundamental human rights ignored in the conflict of laws and the enforcement of religious laws or the effectiveness of muslim institutions allowed (at least when it is in compliance with the “ordre public international”). All these elements have guided the work. Thus, the comparatist view has been favoured concerning the understanding and the study of the kafala in these countries: Algeria and Morocco, where most of the foster children come from. After analyzing historical and legal points aimed at understanding the origins of this institution and the notion of the family which dominates in both societies, we will tackle its birth and its evolution before comparing it to the French institutions for which many studies have been established. In the second point, the question of the acceptance of the kafala by the French jurisdictions since the 1990s is raised. It has highlighted inconsistencies, flaws and questionable decisions especially the care of the foster child (often abandoned and from unknown parents) which has been insufficiently taken into account even if recommended by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. And since the law of February 6th 2001, the kafala cannot be passed , its effectiveness nowadays in France is still limited but also brings insecurity and difficulties to the foster children which, consequently, requires an urgent reform
Jablonka, Ivan. "Les abandonnés de la République : l'enfance et le devenir des pupilles de l'Assistance publique de la Seine placés en famille d'accueil (1874-1939)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040140.
Full textDickens's and Hugo's novels set a link between the industrial revolution and child abandonment, but the overwhelming majority of children fostered by the French Assistance publique, especially those who were born in Paris, were not raised in urban areas but lived and worked in the countryside. This policy, which presumes the moral superiority of farmers, was intended to remove urban vagrants and to set them in rural areas. Due to a growing lack of agricultural workers, hiring Assistance publique children became an easy solution. To a certain extent, foster children benefited from this forced situation. They earned money, they were able to buy what they wanted and they generally could choose their own boss, whereas legitimate children were often obliged to work for free in their father's farm. However, waifs and strays still suffered social injustice under the Assistance publique who not only did not try to improve their living conditions or increase their wages, but also did not try to prevent girls from being assaulted. In the end, rural fosterage did not have a profound effect on the rural exodus, but it did strongly transform the local demographic and economic situation and perpetuated an insufficiently competitive and poorly mechanized agriculture
Dieye, Rokhaya. "Three essays on social interactions and education : theory and application." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26041.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate identification of peer effects and their application on a large set of outcomes, going from school attendance to obesity. The relevance of this research relies on three main points: 1) it allows better measurrement of effects stemming from social interactions, thus providing some answer to the numerous econometric issues that make the study of peer effects a lot challenging; 2) it improves our comprehension of negative social phenomena, including the incidence of school dropouts and obesity; 3) it proposes better public policies aiming at fighting against such phenomena by exploiting social network effects that contribute to amplify them. The different objectives of this thesis are investigated in three different chapters. The first chapter proposes a new strategy for estimating the influence of the social network on individual decisions in a network context using randomized experiments. It combinates the structural social network model developed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] and randomized experiments. New identification conditions that mostly require balance in the characteristics of friends between treatment and control groups are provided. The model is estimated and validated on experimental data collected for the evaluation of a scholarship program in Colombia. By design, randomization is at the student-level. Friendship data reveals that treated and untreated students interact together. Besides providing evidence of peer effects in schooling, the chapter concludes that ignoring peer effects would have led to an overestimation of the program actual impact. The aim of the second chapter is to propose a model that accounts for heterogeneity in peer effects between individual categories in a network setting. Identification conditions of a network-based interactions model that generalizes the one proposed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] are derived, and heterogeneity of peer effects is allowed within and between categories of individuals. Using the Add-Health dataset, the study explores heterogeneity in adolescents weight using both gender and racial categorizations. The results show that the positive endogenous effect found using the homogeneous model is actually heterogeneous when considering both gender and racial categorizations, as for example, females seem to be more influenced by their female friends than by their male friends. While the first two chapters consider friendship networks in an attempt to identify the effects that result from social interactions, the third chapter considers the course-overlaps network. The model is local agregate and has the feature, unlike other studies of peer effects, that the interaction matrix accounts for the extensive and intensive margins. Interactions of this type are better to design school policies. The chapter then proceeds to estimation of peer effects in overall GPA and GPAs in both mathematics and science courses using the Add Heakth and AHAA datasets. The results reveal the presence of positive and significant social interaction effects using both 2SLS and GMM estimation techniques.
Cavagnoud, Robin. "LES ADOLESCENTS TRAVAILLEURS DE LIMA ENTRE ÉCOLE ET STRATÉGIES DE SURVIE." Phd thesis, Paris 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628272.
Full textChênevert, Annie. "Les mères accusées d'infanticide dans le district judiciaire de Montréal 1798-1850." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9997.
Full textDuring the nineteenth century, illegitimate birth was a major transgression. Abandonned by their lovers, feeling shamed and in constant fear of being repudiated by their families and communities, some unmarried women could not bear the burden of pregnancy. In the face of ineffective contraceptive methods as well as unreliable abortion technics, unable to sue for paternity or unaware that orphanages and maternities offered them alternatives, these women began to hide their pregnancies and resolved to kill their children almost immediately after birth. The discovery of a new-born corpse started a formal investigation, and some women were dragged to court. This study focuses on the individual and social issues surrounding mothers who have commited infanticide and attempts to understand the circumstances that led them to murder their own children.
Bisaillon, Claude. "Attachement et adaptation socioémotionnelle chez des enfants hébergés en centre jeunesse." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1757/1/D1741.pdf.
Full textBalcers, Sandra. "Les motifs de départ des enfants séparés originaires du Maroc : étude exploratoire à Tanger." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16912.
Full textBordeleau, Karine. "Les conditions de vie et de soins dans un orphelinat chinois et leur impact sur le développement des enfants : une étude de cas." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/909/1/M10058.pdf.
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