Relevant bibliographies by topics / ABAP/4 / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: ABAP/4.

Journal articles on the topic 'ABAP/4'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'ABAP/4.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Su, Jiahang, Yitao Fan, Yu Yan, Tao Liu, Hongshuang Li, Zhenyu Li, and Fujiao Song. "A one-pot synthesis of AgBr/Ag3PO4 composite photocatalysts." RSC Advances 11, no. 17 (2021): 9865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10265b.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Musialik, Malgorzata, Marcin Kita, and Grzegorz Litwinienko. "Initiation of lipid autoxidation by ABAP at pH 4–10 in SDS micelles." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2008): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b715089j.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fanshawe, Rachel L., Allan G. Blackman, and Charles R. Clark. "The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylphosphate promoted by [(N)4Co(OH/H)(OH/H)]+/2+/3+ species ((N)4=abap, tren); use of 31P NMR to uncover mechanistic complexity." Inorganica Chimica Acta 342 (January 2003): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01170-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kusio, Jaroslaw, Kaja Sitkowska, Adrian Konopko, and Grzegorz Litwinienko. "Hydroxycinnamyl Derived BODIPY as a Lipophilic Fluorescence Probe for Peroxyl Radicals." Antioxidants 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010088.

Full text
Abstract:
Herein, we describe the synthesis of a fluorescent probe NB-2 and its use for the detection of peroxyl radicals. This probe is composed of two receptor segments (4-hydroxycinnamyl moieties) sensitive towards peroxyl radicals that are conjugated with a fluorescent reporter, dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY), whose emission changes depend on the oxidation state of the receptors. The measurement of the rate of peroxidation of methyl linoleate in a micellar system in the presence of 1.0 µM NB-2 confirmed its ability to trap lipid peroxyl radicals with the rate constant kinh = 1000 M−1·s−1, which is ten-fold smaller than for pentamethylchromanol (an analog of α-tocopherol). The reaction of NB-2 with peroxyl radicals was further studied via fluorescence measurements in methanol, with α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) used as a source of radicals generated by photolysis or thermolysis, and in the micellar system at pH 7.4, with 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) (ABAP) used as a thermal source of the radicals. The reaction of NB-2 receptors with peroxyl radicals manifests itself by the strong increase of a fluorescence with a maximum at 612–616 nm, with a 14-fold enhancement of emission in methanol and a 4-fold enhancement in the micelles, as compared to the unoxidized probe. Our preliminary results indicate that NB-2 behaves as a “switch on” fluorescent probe that is suitable for sensing peroxyl radicals in an organic lipid environment and in bi-phasic dispersed lipid systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Barclay, Lawrence Ross Coates, Kimberly Ann Baskin, Steven Jeffrey Locke, and Tanya Diane Schaefer. "Benzophenone-photosensitized autoxidation of linoleate in solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-422.

Full text
Abstract:
Diffusion studies show that benzophenone (BP), linoleic acid, and methyl linoleate partition completely into the micelles of phosphate buffer/0.10 M SDS. Water-soluble compounds 4-sulphomethylbenzophenone, sodium salt (BP−), azobis(2-amidinopropane•HCl) (ABAP) and 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylate (Trolox) show partial partitioning into the micelles. BP- and BP−-photosensitized oxidation of linoleic acid in 0.50 M SDS exhibited characteristics of free radical chain reactions including: (1) inhibition by phenolic antioxidants, (2) no retardation by singlet oxygen quenchers, and (3) the formation of conjugated hydroperoxides with cis,trans to trans,trans ratios of geometrical isomers typical of autoxidation. Quantitative kinetic studies of the order in substrate, RH, and the rate of chain initiation, Ri, show that the classical rate law, −d[O2]/dt = kp/2kt1/2[RH]Ri1/2 applies to BP-photoinitiated autoxidation of linoleic acid in SDS and the oxidizability (kp/2kt1/2 = 4.42 × 10−2 M−1/2 s−1/2) is the same as that found with a thermal initiator. The rotating sector method gave absolute rate constants for linoleic acid autoxidation in 0.50 M SDS for propagation (kp = 36.2 M−1 s−1) and termination (2kt = 3.52 × 105 M−1 s−1), significantly lower than values in polar organic solvents; attributed to solvation of polar peroxyls in aqueous SDS. Depressed inhibition rate constants (kinh) for α-tocopherol, Trolox, and pentamefhylhydroxychroman (PMHC) in 0.50 M SDS compared to kinh in tert-butyl alcohol are attributed to hydrogen bonding effects on the peroxyl radicals and on the inhibitors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Barclay, L. R. C. "1992 Syntex Award Lecture Model biomembranes: quantitative studies of peroxidation, antioxidant action, partitioning, and oxidative stress." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-001.

Full text
Abstract:
This review outlines a decade of research that employs quantitative kinetic methods of autooxidation to phospholipids aggregated into membranes. The classical rate law for autoxidation:[Formula: see text]was found to apply to heterogeneous systems of bilayers and micelles, where kp and 2kt. are the rate constants for chain propagation and termination, respectively, and Ri, the rate of chain initiation, is controlled by thermal initiators. The oxidizability of a typical lipid chain, linoleate 18:2, at 30 °C was similar (0.02–0.04 M−1/2 s−1/2) in different media (solution, micelles, bilayers) and for different procedures using water-soluble or lipid-soluble initiators and inhibitors. A reduction in the absolute rate constant for termination, 2kt by a hundredfold in bilayers of dilinoleoylphosphatidyl choline (DLPC) compared to that in tert-butyl alcohol solution, and a drop in the kp by a factor of five are interpreted in terms of diffusion of polarized peroxyl radicals from the hydrophobic bilayer phase to the aqueous surface, where peroxyls are strongly solvated by water. Such phenomena may also account for significant changes as observed by 31P NMR spectra in bilayer lamellar structure accompanying extensive peroxidation. Analysis of the hydroperoxides formed by peroxidation of mixed bilayers of DLPC + DPPC (16:0) initiated by a water-soluble initiator, azobis(2-amidinopropane•HCl) (ABAP), showed a linear trend between the ratio of cis, trans to trans, trans geometrical isomeric hydroperoxides and [DPLC] consistent with a peroxidation mechanism proposed in homogeneous solution.The antioxidant activities, kinh, of three classes of antioxidants: (a) polyalkyl-6-hydroxychromans (e.g., vitamin E), (b) polyalkyl-4-methoxyphenols, and (c) trialkylphenols, were measured in DLPC membranes. The results show an overall leveling and depression of kinh values in DLPC membranes in the series (a) (by several orders of magnitude), (b), and (c) compared to known values in solution in chlorobenzene. In aqueous bilayers it is proposed that kinh values are attenuated by hydrogen bonding by water at both the para ether oxygen and phenolic groups. Restricted diffusion (e.g., of α-tocopherol) may also reduce antioxidant activities in membranes. A synergistic effect between ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol was discovered under conditions of inhibited peroxidation of linoleate in SDS micelles. The natural peptide glutathione, GSH, however, acts as a co-antioxidant with vitamin E by trapping peroxyls in the aqueous phase.Solid cholesterol was found to partition directly into PC lipsomes by shaking, above or below the phase transition temperature, and membrane-bound cholesterol, unlike the solid, undergoes facile peroxidation. A water-soluble form of α-tocopherol complexed with bovine serum albumin (α-toc:BSA) is an effective antioxidant for autoxidations of linoleate in SDS micelles. In contrast, α-toc:BSA required a long equilibration time (e.g., 12 h) with liposomes (DLPC) before the α-tocopherol was transferred to the liposomes to provide effective antioxidant action.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Davydov, V. N. "The recurrent relations for the electronic band structure of the multilayer graphene." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2220 (December 2018): 20180439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0439.

Full text
Abstract:
The structure of the electronic energy bands for stacked multilayer graphene is developed using the tight-binding approximation (TBA). The spectra of the Dirac electrons are investigated in vicinity of the Brillouin zone minima. The electron energy dependence on quasi-momentum is established for an arbitrary number of the graphene layers for multilayer graphene having even number of layers N = 2 n , ( n = 2, 3, 4, …) with the Bernal stacking ABAB … AB; or for odd number of layers N = 2 n + 1, ( n = 1, 2, 3, …) with stacking ABAB … A. It is shown that four non-degenerate energy branches of the electronic energy spectrum are present for any number of layers. Degeneracy is considered of graphene-like energy branches with linear dispersion law. Dependences of such branches number and their degeneracy are found on number of layers. The recurrent relations are obtained for the electronic band structure of the stacked ABA…, ABC… and AAA… multilayer graphene. The flat electronic bands are obtained for ABC-stacked multilayer graphene near the K -point at the Fermi level. Such an approach may be useful in the study of multivarious aspects of graphene's physics and nanotechnologies. Also paper gives new hints for deeper studies of graphite intercalation compounds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Konishi, Hisatoshi, Takayuki Mita, Osamu Morikawa, and Kazuhiro Kobayashi. "Synthesis and disproportionation of ABAC-type oxacalix[4]arenes." Tetrahedron Letters 48, no. 17 (April 2007): 3029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.118.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Smith, G., DE Lynch, KA Byriel, and CHL Kennard. "Molecular Cocrystals of Carboxylic Acids. XX. The Crystal Structures of 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid and Its Adducts With the Isomeric Monoaminobenzoic Acids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 6 (1995): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9951133.

Full text
Abstract:
The crystal structure of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid monohydrate (1) and its adducts with 2- aminobenzoic acid (2-aba) [( dnsa )(2-aba)] (2), 3-aminobenzoic acid (3-aba) [( dnsa )(3-aba)] (3), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-aba) [( dnsa )(4-aba)2] (4), have been determined and the hydrogen bonding associations in each analysed . The acid (1), which is essentially planar, forms strong hydrogen-bonding network associations involving the carboxylic, nitro and phenolic oxygens as well as the lattice water. In all adducts, protonation of the amino group of the second acid occurs, with subsequent hydrogen bonding via all three alkyl ammonium hydrogens to the carboxylic, nitro and phenolic oxygens of dnsa. With the 1:2 adduct (4), only one of the two 4-aba molecules is protonated, these forming a secondary hydrogen-bonded cyclic dimer. A strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the phenolic proton and the carboxylate group is found in all adducts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Smith, Graham, and Daniel E. Lynch. "Crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 12 (November 7, 2015): 1457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015020319.

Full text
Abstract:
The crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABAH), namely bis(μ2-4-aminobenzoato-κ2O:O′)bis[bis(4-aminobenzoato-κ2O,O′)diaquaerbium(III)] dihydrate, [Er2(C7H6NO2)6(H2O)4]·2H2O, (I), and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (CLNBAH), namely poly[hexakis(μ2-4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoato-κ2O:O′)bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)dierbium(III)], [Er2(C7H3ClNO4)6(C2H6OS)2]n, (II), have been determined. In the structure of solvatomorphic compound (I), the symmetry-related irregular ErO8coordination polyhedra in the discrete centrosymmetric dinuclear complex comprise two monodentate water molecules and six carboxylate O-atom donors, four from two bidentate carboxylateO,O′-chelate groups and two from the bis-monodentateO:O′-bridging group of the third 4-ABA anion. The Er—O bond-length range is 2.232 (3)–2.478 (3) Å and the Er...Er separation in the dinuclear complex unit is 4.7527 (4) Å. One of the coordinating water molecules is involved in an intra-unit O—H...O hydrogen-bonding association with an inversion-related carboxylate O-atom acceptor. In contrast, the anhydrous compound (II) is polymeric, based on centrosymmetric dinuclear repeat units comprising ErO7coordination polyhedra which involve four O-atom donors from two bidentateO:O′-bridging carboxylate groups, one O-atom donor from the monodentate dimethyl sulfoxide ligand and two O-atom donors from the third bridging CLNBA anion. The latter provides the inter-unit link in the one-dimensional coordination polymer extending along [100]. The Er—O bond-length range in (II) is 2.239 (6)–2.348 (6) Å and the Er...Er separation within the dinuclear unit is 4.4620 (6) Å. In the crystal of (I), extensive inter-dimer O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both the coordinating water molecules and the solvent water molecules, as well as the amine groups of the 4-ABA anions, give an overall three-dimensional network structure. Within this structure are also weak π–π ring interactions between two of the coordinating ligands [ring-centroid separations = 3.676 (3) and 3.711 (2) Å]. With (II), only weak intra-polymer C—H...O, C—H...Cl and C—H...S interactions are present.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Qiu, Feng Xian, Dong Ya Yang, Qing Zhang, and Guo Rong Cao. "Aggregation, Isomerization and Thermo-Optic Property of Azobenzene Polyelectrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.851.

Full text
Abstract:
A novel azobenzene polyelectrolyte (ABAPE) was synthesized based on chromophore 4-(4’-nitrophenylazo) naphthol (NPAN), epoxychloropropane and α-methacrylic acid. The ABAPE was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The aggregation behaviors of ABAPE were investigated based on different pH values by the UV-vis spectroscopy. The isomerization behavior of the ABAPE in DMAC solution was studied by 256 nm UV irradiation light. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was adopted and carried out the measurement of refractive index of the thin film. The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) was -2.9228×10-4°C-1 and was bigger than inorganic materials such as silica glass, zinc silicate glass, borosilicate glass and the organic materials of polystyrene and PMMA. These results showed that the polyelectrolyte could be used to carry out optical storage and thermo-optic switch.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Vaughan, GT, and BV Milborrow. "The Occurrence and Metabolism of the 1',4'-Diols of Abscisic Acid." Functional Plant Biology 14, no. 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9870593.

Full text
Abstract:
The 1',4'-cis- and the 1',4'-trans-diols of abscisic acid (ABA) were produced when R,S-[2-14C]ABA was supplied to avocado fruit and broad bean shoots. The trans-diol was also a metabolite of R,S-ABA in peas but not in tomatoes. The diols were derived from both R- and S-ABA with the R- enantiomer predominating. The 1',4'-cis- and 1',4'-trans-diol were found to be endogenous constituents of avocado (14.5 ng/g and 93 ng/g respectively) and the trans-diol was found in pea shoots (5.2 ng/g). At low concentrations, exogenous 1',4'-cis- and 1',4'-trans-diols were metabolised by tomatoes, mainly to dihydrophaseic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. As the concentrations of the diols supplied to tomato shoots increased, a greater proportion was conjugated to form their 4'-glucosides and glucose esters. When the 1',4'-[2-14C, 4'-2H]trans-diol of ABA was supplied to tomato shoots the deuterium atom was lost from the 4'- position during conversion into the 4'-glucoside of DPA. This suggests that the trans-diol is converted into DPA via enzymic oxidation to ABA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Reggiani, Remo, Nicoletta Aurisano, Monica Mattana, and Alcide Bertani. "ABA induces 4-aminobutyrate accumulation in wheat seedlings." Phytochemistry 34, no. 3 (October 1993): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85324-k.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Milborrow, B. V., and H. S. Lee. "Endogenous biosynthetic precursors of (+)-abscisic acid. VII. The 1′,4′-trans-diol is formed from ABA, it is not a precursor." Functional Plant Biology 25, no. 6 (1998): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98062.

Full text
Abstract:
[14C]ABA fed to avocado fruit is known to be converted into the 1′,4′-trans-diol and [14C]1′,4′-trans-diol has been shown to be converted into ABA by several plant tissues. As a ‘cold trap’of trans-diol becomes labelled with 14C when [14C]mevalonate is converted into ABA, the trans-diol has been suggested to be the immediate precursor of ABA. This proposal has now been tested by feeding [5-14C,5-3H2]mevalonolactone to unripe avocado fruit and measuring the 3H :14C ratio in the ABA and in the 1′,4′-trans-diol isolated from the fruit after 16 h. Little labelled diol was present unless a ‘cold trap’ of unlabelled 1,4-trans-diol was added with the mevalonate. One 3H atom, derived from those at C-5 of mevalonate, would be expected at C-4′ of the diol, adjacent to the hydroxyl group, and another at C-5 of the side chain of the diol if the diol were a precursor of ABA (3H:14C ratio of 2:3). However, if the 4′-hydroxyl group had been oxidised to a ketone to form ABA, then the 3H atom at C-4′ of the diol would have been lost and the 3H:14C ratio would be expected to be 1:3. The normalised 3H : 14C ratios of ABA and 1′,4′-trans-diol biosynthesised from [14C,5-3H2]mevalonate were 0.915:3 and 0.844:3 respectively and after oxidation of the diol to ABA with MnO2 the ratio was 0.869:3 i.e. there was no 3H at C-4′ of the diol. These ratios are as expected for the trans-diol if it had been formed by reduction of ABA. This, and the absence of labelled diol in the fruit unless a ‘cold trap’was added, establishes that the 1′,4′-trans-diol is formed from ABA and it is not a precursor. The formation of the diols from newly synthesised labelled ABA in cell-free systems can be attributed to the addition to the homogenate of compounds with strong reducing potential. NADPH2+ (8.4 nmol) added to a mung bean seedling homogenate caused the reduction of (±)-[14C]ABA (0.37 nmol, 22.5 µCi/mol) to trans-diol (1189 dpm) whereas with NADP+ only 338 dpm were present in trans-diol. Glutathione (46 nmol) caused the formation of 1214 dpm while oxidised glutathione produced 638 dpm. Less 1′,4′-cis-diol was formed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Rock, Christopher D., and Jan A. D. Zeevaart. "Abscisic (ABA)-Aldehyde Is a Precursor to, and 1′,4′-trans-ABA-Diol a Catabolite of, ABA in Apple." Plant Physiology 93, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.93.3.915.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Wu, Min, Ronghao Cai, Huanlong Liu, Fei Li, Yang Zhao, and Yan Xiang. "A Moso Bamboo Drought-Induced 19 Protein, PeDi19-4, Enhanced Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants via the ABA-Dependent Signaling Pathway." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 7 (November 19, 2018): e1-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcy196.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractHere, 10 drought-induced 19 (Di19) proteins from Phyllostachys edulis were analyzed and an important stress-related candidate gene (PeDi19-4) was isolated based on analysis of phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles. PeDi19-4 is a nuclear localization protein that can bind the conserved TACA(A/G)T sequence, as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EMSA). PeDi19-4 has no transcriptional activity in yeast but functions as a transcription activator in plants. Overexpression of PeDi19-4 in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced drought and salt tolerance as determined through phenotypic analysis and the use of stress-associated physiological indicators. PeDi19-4 transgenic plants showed increased sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and early seedling growth. Additionally, transgenic rice accumulated more ABA than wild-type plants under drought and salt stress conditions. Moreover, the stomata of PeDi19-4-overexpressing plants changed significantly with ABA treatment. RNA sequencing revealed that PeDi19-4 regulated the expression of a wide spectrum of stress-/ABA-responsive differentially expressed genes. The stress-responsive genes (OsZFP252 and OsNAC6) and ABA-responsive genes (OsBZ8 and OsbZIP23) were direct targets of PeDi19-4. Our research indicated that PeDi19-4 enhanced drought and salt tolerance in plants via the ABA-dependent signaling pathway.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Kalyuzhnyi, S., V. Sklyar, T. Mosolova, I. Kucherenko, J. a. Russkova, and N. Degtyaryova. "Methanogenic biodegradation of aromatic amines." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0536.

Full text
Abstract:
Batch methanogenic toxicity and biodegradability of 2-, 3- and 4-aminobenzoic acids (ABA) as well as 4- and 5-aminosalicylic acids (ASA) have been studied in the presence of two mesophilic (Shell and cattle) and one thermophilic sludges. The aminoaromatics tested practically did not inhibit methanogenesis up to concentrations of 3–7 g/l; moreover, some of them (2-ABA, 4-ABA and 5-ASA) even exert a stimulating effect on aceticlastic activity of the sludges. Concerning biodegradability, 5-ASA was completely mineralised by all the sludges tested; however, 4-ASA was not degraded at all by any of the sludges. Both mesophilic sludges were able to perform a complete mineralization of 2-ABA but this was not a case for the thermophilic sludge. 3-ABA was not biodegraded only in the presence of the Shell sludge. On the contrary, 4-ABA was quantitatively mineralised only by the Shell sludge. All the adapted sludges were able to mineralise the corresponding aminoaromatics in N-deprived media. Cross-acclimatisationtrials showed that 2-ABA-, 5-ASA- and salicylic acid adapted sludges were unable to degrade any other aminoaromatics tested that manifest about a different nature of key bacteria responsible for primary decomposition of these substrates. The main possibility of continuous mineralization of 2-ABA as a unique source of carbon and nitrogen has been demonstrated using mesophilic UASB reactor inoculated by adapted sludge.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Adamczyk, Lidia, Anna Pietrusiak, and Henryk Bala. "Corrosion resistance of stainless steel covered by 4-aminobenzoic acid films." Open Chemistry 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 1657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0082-6.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe protective, anticorrosion properties of 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) films are evaluated in the paper. The 4-ABA films were electrodeposited on the surface of both X20Cr13 stainless steel and glassy carbon electrodes by galvanostatically and cyclic voltammetry methods. The protective properties of the resulting films on stainless steel were investigated in the aggressive medium of acidified (pH=4) 0.25 mol dm−3 K2SO4 in the absence and with the presence of 0.5 mol dm−3 KCl. Morphology of the 4-ABA films was examined using scanning electron microscopy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Balsevich, J., G. Bishop, S. L. Jacques, L. R. Hogge, D. J. H. Olson, and N. Laganière. "Preparation and analysis of some acetosugar esters of abscisic acid and derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-027.

Full text
Abstract:
Racemic abscisic acid (ABA), the cis and trans 1′, 4′-diols (ABA diols) derived from ABA by reduction of the 4′ ketone, and the corresponding 4′-O-acetates were converted into various acetosugar esters by reaction of their cesium salts with the 1-chloroacetosugars derived from glucose, galactose, lactose, and maltose. Analytical separations of the acetosugar esters using high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) on reverse-phase columns were developed. Continuous flow secondary ion mass spectra (CFSIMS) of the various acetosugar esters were obtained and an LC/CFSIMS protocol employing multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect ABA acetoglucose ester in an acetylated extract obtained from plant cells that had been treated with ABA. Key words: abscisic acid, acetosugar esters, synthesis, chromatography, mass spectrometry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Liu, Teng, Cai-Xia Li, Juan Zhong, Dan Shu, Di Luo, Zhe-Min Li, Jin-Yan Zhou, Jie Yang, Hong Tan, and Xin-Rong Ma. "Exogenous 1′,4′-trans-Diol-ABA Induces Stress Tolerance by Affecting the Level of Gene Expression in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052555.

Full text
Abstract:
1′,4′-trans-diol-ABA is a key precursor of the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in fungi. We successfully obtained the pure compound from a mutant of Botrytis cinerea and explored its function and possible mechanism on plants by spraying 2 mg/L 1′,4′-trans-diol-ABA on tobacco leaves. Our results showed that this compound enhanced the drought tolerance of tobacco seedlings. A comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a large number of genes responded to the compound, exhibiting 1523 genes that were differentially expressed at 12 h, which increased to 1993 at 24 h and 3074 at 48 h, respectively. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in pathways related to hormones and resistance. The DEGs of transcription factors were generally up-regulated and included the bHLH, bZIP, ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY and HSF families. Moreover, the levels of expression of PYL/PYR, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF at the ABA signaling pathway responded positively to exogenous 1′,4′-trans-diol-ABA. Among them, seven ABF transcripts that were detected were significantly up-regulated. In addition, the genes involved in salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways, reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and other resistance related genes were primarily induced by 1′,4′-trans-diol-ABA. These findings indicated that treatment with 1′,4′-trans-diol-ABA could improve tolerance to plant abiotic stress and potential biotic resistance by regulating gene expression, similar to the effects of exogenous ABA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Ferdinandus, Sri Utami. "Arca-Arca Wisnu Di Asia Tenggara (Abad Ke 4-8 M)." Berkala Arkeologi 15, no. 3 (November 30, 1995): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v15i3.693.

Full text
Abstract:
Dengan masuknya pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Asia Tenggara pada permulaan Masehi muncullah kerajaan-kerajaan bersifat Hindu di Asia Tenggara pada abad ke 5 M. Dengan masuknya pengaruh Hindu dan berdirinya kerajaan-kerajaan Hindu di Asia Tenggara seperti di Jawa, Kalimantan (Taruma, dan Kutai), Pagan (Burma) dan Funan (Kamboja) didapatkan peninggalan arca-arca dan bangunan-bangunan suci yang tersebar di Asia Tenggara.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Devi, Fitriana, Sony Irianto, and Sri Muryaningsih. "PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN PESERTA DIDIK KURIKULUM 2013 BERBASIS KOMPETENSI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR." Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA 6, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i1.274.

Full text
Abstract:
Penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development. Penelitian dan pengembangan bertujuan menghasilkan produk berupa sebuah LKPD Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik Abad 21 Tema 7. Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini antara lain; 1) Menghasilkan LKPD Kurikulum 2013 Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik Abad 21 Tema 7 kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, 2) Mengetahui validasi pakar terhadap kelayakan LKPD Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik Abad 21 Tema 7 kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, 3) Mengetahui respon guru terhadap LKPD Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik Abad 21 Tema 7 kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, 4) Mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik Abad 21 Tema 7 kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Langkah-langkah penelitian mengacu pada model 4-D yaitu Tahap Pendefinisian, Perancangan, Pengembangan, Penyebaran. Menurut Thiagarajan, Semmel dan Semmel. Bentuk pengembangan bahan ajar yaitu dihasilkan berupa LKPD yang telah diuji cobakan secara terbatas pada kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Hasil validasi LKPD bahwa LKPD mendapatkan kriteria “sangat baik” (4,43), hasil respon guru terhadap penggunaan LKPD pada saat melaksanakan pembelajaran mendapatkan kriteria “sangat baik” (4,9), dan hasil respon peserta didik setelah dilaksanakan uji coba secara terbatas mendapatkan kriteria “sangat baik” (4,68). Pengembangan bahan ajar LKPD untuk penelitian selanjutnya mencakup beberapa soal dalam satu tema dan menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Pair Square.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Suryaningsih, Siti, and Riska Nurlita. "Pentingnya Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik (E-LKPD) Inovatif dalam Proses Pembelajaran Abad 21." Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 2, no. 7 (July 25, 2021): 1256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i7.233.

Full text
Abstract:
Latar Belakang: Pembelajaran abad 21 dituntut untuk selalu dapat menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman. Namun faktanya, proses pembelajaran cenderung masih berpusat pada guru. Hal ini menyebabkan peserta didik menjadi pasif, monoton, dan merasa bosan. Inovasi Lembar kerja peserta didik (E-LKPD) sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan: Mengetahui pentingnya E-LKPD inovatif dalam proses pembelajaran abad 21 berdasarkan kebutuhan bahan ajar, praktikum, alasan bosan, perkembangan teknologi, dan dampak pandemi. Metode: Menggunakan Literature Review terdiri dari 4 tahap: 1) Memilih topik yang akan di-review; 2) Memilih jurnal nasional dan internasional relevan; 3) Melakukan analisis dan sintesis literatur; 4) Mengorganisasi /menyusun hasil review. Hasil: Bahwa pengembangan E-LKPD inovatif sangat penting dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi tuntutan pembelajaran abad 21 sebagai bahan ajar, praktikum, alasan bosan, perkembangan teknologi, dan dampak pandemi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan pada pengembangan E-LKPD inovatif dalam proses pembelajaran sains. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memiliki batasan pendekatan terhadap materi yang dipelajari E-LKPD inovatif. E-LKPD inovatif menjadi kebutuhan penting dalam proses pembelajaran pada abad 21 sebagai bahan ajar, praktikum, dan perkembangan teknologi sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

No, Kwanghyun, Jong Eun Kim, and Kyoung Mee Kwon. "Facile synthesis of calix[4]arenes in ABAC type upper rim substitution." Tetrahedron Letters 36, no. 46 (November 1995): 8453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01820-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Maxweel, Lindley, Alejandro Cárdenas, and Iván Brito. "Crystal structure of dimethyl 4,4′-oxydibenzoate, C16H14O5." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 233, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 1059–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2018-0170.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Biai, Christopher J., José G. Garzon, Jason A. Osborne, Jonathan R. Schultheis, Ronald J. Gehl, and Christopher C. Gunter. "Height Control in Three Pepper Types Treated with Drench-applied Abscisic Acid." HortScience 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1265.

Full text
Abstract:
Vegetable transplants can have excessive internode elongation before field establishment, producing challenges for the growers using mechanical transplanters to establish their crops. Thus, controlling the height of vegetable transplants before planting could be an advantage for commercial vegetable growers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2008 (Year 1–2008) and 2009 (Year 2–2009) to determine the efficacy of exogenous drench-applied abscisic acid (ABA) applications for height control of transplanted pepper. Three types of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated: bell pepper ‘Aristotle’, Jalapeño ‘Grande’, and banana pepper ‘Pageant’. In this greenhouse study, 10 ABA treatments, based on application frequency and timing, and an untreated control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six (Year 1–2008) or five (Year 2–2009) replications and were evaluated over an 8-week period each year. Treatments included: single application at Week 1 (cotyledon stage), Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4; double applications were made at Weeks 1 + 2, Weeks 2 + 3, and Weeks 3 + 4; and multiple applications of ABA at Weeks 1 + 2 + 3, Weeks 2 + 3 + 4, and Weeks 1 + 2 + 3 + 4. All ABA applications were delivered as a drench applied directly to the planting container at a rate of 250 mg·L−1 ABA. Early, single-dose applications (Week 1) were more effective at controlling height than a single dose applied later; a Week 1 application measured during week 5 was 4.1 cm versus a Week 4 application measured at Week 5, which was 5.7 cm. Multiple ABA applications initiated early (at the cotyledon stage) of ‘Aristotle’ bell peppers were effective in controlling transplant height compared with any single ABA application; measured at Week 5, an application at Week 1 + 2 was 3.1 cm compared with the single application treatments from that same measurement date, which ranged from 4.1 to 5.7 cm. Differences among the response of pepper types to ABA application were observed. ‘Aristotle’ had significant treatment effects even 6 weeks after treatment. ‘Pageant’ (banana pepper) exhibited an intermediate response with effects lasting only 2 weeks. No significant height reductions resulting from ABA treatment were observed for ‘Grande’ (Jalapeño pepper). Multiple ABA dose applications initiated at the cotyledon plant growth stage can be used to effectively control transplant height of ‘Aristotle’ bell pepper seedlings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Wang, Wan-Wan, Xiao-Wei Deng, and Wei-Na Wu. "Crystal structure of bis [1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazin-1-ido-κ3N,N′,O]cobalt(II), C24H22N8O4S2Co." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 235, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 763–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0611.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Deng, Xiao-Wei, and Wei-Na Wu. "Crystal structure of bis(3-methoxy-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato κ3O,N,N′)zinc(II), C30H28N6O4Zn." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 235, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0726.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Yang, Xue-Mei, Tao Zhu, and Long Lin. "Crystal structure of bis(3-methyl-N-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ3O,N,N′)nickel(II), C28H26N8O2Ni." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 235, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0833.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

KETTLE, Anthony J., Craig A. GEDYE, and Christine C. WINTERBOURN. "Mechanism of inactivation of myeloperoxidase by 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide." Biochemical Journal 321, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210503.

Full text
Abstract:
Hypochlorous acid is the most powerful oxidant generated by neutrophils and is likely to contribute to the damage mediated by these inflammatory cells. The haem enzyme myeloperoxidase catalyses its production from hydrogen peroxide and chloride. 4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) is a potent inhibitor of hypochlorous acid production. In this investigation we show that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, ABAH irreversibly inactivates myeloperoxidase. ABAH was oxidized by myeloperoxidase, and kinetic analysis of the inactivation conformed to that for a mechanism-based inhibitor. Inactivation was exacerbated by concentrations of hydrogen peroxide greater than 50 ƁM and by the absence of oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide alone caused minimal inactivation. Reduced glutathione inhibited the oxidation of ABAH as well as the irreversible inhibition of myeloperoxidase. In the presence of oxygen, ABAH and hydrogen peroxide initially converted myeloperoxidase into compound III, which susequently lost haem absorbance. In the absence of oxygen, the enzyme was converted into ferrous myeloperoxidase and its haem groups were rapidly destroyed. We propose that myeloperoxidase oxidizes ABAH to a radical that reduces the enzyme to its ferrous intermediate. Ferrous myeloperoxidase reacts either with oxygen to allow enzyme turnover, or with hydrogen peroxide to give irreversible inactivation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Boardman, Nicole D., Tasnim Munshi, Ian J. Scowen, and Colin C. Seaton. "Creation of a ternary complex between a crown ether, 4-aminobenzoic acid and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520613026036.

Full text
Abstract:
The creation of ternary multi-component crystals through the introduction of 18-crown-6 to direct the hydrogen-bonding motifs of the other molecular components was investigated for 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (3,5-dnba) with 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-aba). The creation of a binary complex between 18-crown-6 and 4-aba (C12H24O6·2C7H7NO2)2and a ternary salt between 3,5-dnba, 18-crown-6 and 4-aba (C12H24O6·C7H8NO2+·C7H3N2O6−·C7H4N2O6) were confirmed by single-crystal structure determination. In both structures, the amino molecules bind to the crown ether through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, leaving available only a single O atom site on the crown with restricted geometry to potentially accept a hydrogen bond from 3,5-dnba. While 3,5-dnba and 4-aba form a binary co-crystal containing neutral molecules, the shape-selective nature of 18-crown-6 preferentially binds protonated amino molecules, thereby leading to the formation of the ternary salt, despite the predicted low concentration of the protonated species in the crystallizing solution. Thus, through the choice of crown ether it may be possible to control both location and nature of the available bonding sites for the designed creation of ternary crystals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Vernieri, P., A. Pardossi, and F. Tognoni. "Influence of Chilling and Drought on Water Relations and Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Bean." Functional Plant Biology 18, no. 1 (1991): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9910025.

Full text
Abstract:
Intact bean seedlings were subjected to either chilling (4°C) or drought stress. Leaf water relations and abscisic acid (ABA) content were monitored throughout a stress-recovery cycle. Chilling at low relative humidity (RH) and drought caused similar water deficits, as indicated by the decline in relative water content and water potentials, but they had different effects on ABA accumulation. There was a rapid increase in ABA levels in the leaves of water-deprived plants while only slight ABA accumulation was observed after 48 h of chilling (4°C). After 24 h cold treatment there were large changes in turgor but no change in ABA content. Plants chilled for 24 h accumulated ABA only when transferred to recovery conditions (20°C, 90-95% RH, in the dark) to an extent that was related to the rate of leaf rehydration. When the chilling treatment was performed in a water-saturated atmosphere, plants did not suffer any water stress and ABA levels did not increase over a period of 48 h. However, when the chilling treatment lasted for a longer period (72 h), a significant increase in ABA levels was found also in the absence of water deficit. Experiments performed with leaf discs incubated in a mannitol solution (osmotic potential - 1.6 MPa) at different temperatures indicated that low temperature markedly inhibits ABA synthesis and that water stress induces increases in ABA content only at non-limiting warm temperatures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Chaeruman, Uwes A. "MENDORONG PENERAPAN E-LEARNING DI SEKOLAH." Jurnal Teknodik 12, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.32550/teknodik.v12i1.417.

Full text
Abstract:
Dalam era informasi dewasa ini, pendidikan menghadapi tantangan yang berbeda dengan era industri. Tantangan pendidikan abad 21 adalah membangun masyarakat berpengetahuan (knowledge-based society). Ciri masyarakat abad 21 menurut PBB adalah (1) memeliki keterampilan melek media dan TIK; (2) memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sistemik; (3) memiliki keterampilan memecahkan masalah; (4) memiliki keterampilan komunikasi efektif; dan (5) memiliki keterampilan bekerjasama secara kolaboratif. Guru, memainkan peranan penting dalam membangun keterampilan abad 21 ini dengan cara menerapkan konsep e-learning. Makalah ini membahas tentang penerapan e-learning oleh guru dalam konteks kelas. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini memfokuskan pada apa, mengapa dan bagaimana menerapkan e-learning dalam konteks kelas oleh guru di sekolah.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Smith, G., JM Gentner, DE Lynch, KA Byriel, and CHL Kennard. "Molecular Cocrystals of Carboxylic Acids. XXI. The Role of Secondary Group Interactions in Adduct Formation Between 2-Aminopyrimidine and Substituted Benzoic Acids: the Crystal Structures of the Adducts With o-Phthalic Acid, o-Nitrobenzoic Acid, o-Aminobenzoic Acid and m-Aminobenzoic Acid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 6 (1995): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9951151.

Full text
Abstract:
The crystalline adducts of 2-aminopyrimidine (2-ap) with a series of mainly ortho-substituted benzoic acids, o-phthalic acid ( opht ) [(2-ap)( opht )] (1), 2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-nba) [(2-ap)(2-bna)2] (2), 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-aba) [(2-aba) [(2-ap)(2-aba)2] (3) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (3-aba) [(2-ap)(3-aba)] (4) have been prepared and their hydrogen-bonding motifs characterized by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The role of substituent groups in secondary associations with cocrystal formation is considered for the 2-aminopyrimidine system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Shibata, Teishiki, Masahiro Oomura, Yusuke Nishikawa, and Mitsuhito Mase. "Direct Brachial Approach for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Technical Note and Preliminary Clinical Experience." Neurointervention 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2019.00290.

Full text
Abstract:
In mechanical endovascular thrombectomy (MET) for acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) in the elderly, navigating a guide catheter via the femoral artery may be difficult due to the approach route’s significant tortuosity. To resolve this problem, we have been performing a technique that uses a direct brachial approach (DiBA) with a large-bore aspiration catheter. We reported our preliminary clinical experience with this technique. MET for ABAO using the DiBA technique was performed on 4 consecutive patients between August 2017 and December 2018. In all patients, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2B or 3 recanalization was achieved, but the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days was ≥4. There were no technical difficulties or complications with this technique. The DiBA technique is an effective and feasible approach in MET for ABAO. Although excellent clinical outcomes could not be achieved, the angiographic outcomes were excellent with no technical complications. This approach can be an alternative to the femoral artery approach, particularly for tortuous arteries in the elderly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Marquez Pete, Noelia, María del Mar Maldonado Montoro, Cristina Pérez Ramírez, Almudena Sánchez Martín, Juan Enrique Martínez de la Plata, Fernando Martínez Martínez, Rafael Caliz Caliz, Abdelali Daddaoua, María del Carmen Ramírez Tortosa, and Alberto Jiménez Morales. "Impact of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CTLA-4, CD80 and CD86 on the Effectiveness of Abatacept in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040220.

Full text
Abstract:
Abatacept (ABA) is used as a first-line treatment in patients diagnosed with moderate and severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The interindividual response to ABA therapy is very variable in these patients. The objective of our study was therefore to investigate the role of polymorphisms of the CTLA-4, CD80 and CD86 genes, as well as that of clinical factors of the disease, in the response to ABA in patients with RA. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 109 patients receiving treatment with ABA and diagnosed with RA. The genetic variables were analyzed using real-time PCR with TaqMan® probes. The patients were classified according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria at 6 and 12 months from start of treatment. The independent variables associated with higher EULAR response were lower duration of previous biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and lower baseline values of the disease activity score 28 after 6 months of ABA treatment; and lower baseline patient’s visual analogue scale (PVAS) after 12 months. In addition, a significant association was found between duration of ABA treatment, non-administration of concomitant glucocorticoids and lower baseline values of the number of inflamed joints and erythrocyte sedimentation rate clinical variables, with remission of the disease after 6 months’ treatment with ABA. Finally, remission of the disease after 12 months’ treatment with ABA was associated with earlier age at start of ABA therapy and lower number of previous biologic therapies (BTs). The CTLA-4rs5742909-T allele and the CTLA-4rs231775-G allele were found to be associated with satisfactory EULAR response and low disease activity (LDA) after 12 months’ treatment with ABA (CTLA-4rs5742909 T vs. CC; OR = 5.88; CI95% = 1.48–23.29 and OR = 4.75; CI95% = 1.35–17.94, respectively, and CTLA-4rs231775 G vs. AA, OR = 3.48; CI95% = 1.20–10.09 and OR = 4.68; CI95% = 1.49–17.94, respectively). In conclusion, patients with RA treated with ABA showed better EULAR response and LDA rate when they had the CTLA-4 rs5742909-T or CTLA-4 rs231775-G polymorphisms; furthermore, this remission rate increased in patients that began ABA treatment earlier, those with a lower number of previous BTs and those with a lower PVAS value.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Guak, Sung H., Lailiang Cheng, and L. H. Fuchigami. "Water Relations, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Content of Young Apple Trees in Response to Antitranspirant Treatment." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 837G—837. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.837g.

Full text
Abstract:
Potted apple trees (Malus domestica L. `Gala') were drenched with either water or an antitranspirant (N-2001). After treatment, no additional water was applied to the plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) content of immature and mature leaves was determined by radioimmunoassay after 0, 1, 3, and 5 h and 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 days after treatment. ABA content of mature and immature leaves of antitranspirant-treated plants peaked 1 and 4 days after treatment, respectively, and remained constant thereafter. In contrast, with increasing water stress, the ABA content of mature and immature leaves of control plants without antitranspirant peaked at 7 and 8 days, respectively. The overall level of ABA in mature leaves of both treatment groups was significantly greater than in immature leaves. The water saturation deficit increased, water and turgor potentials of leaves decreased, and stomatal conductance decreased in response to antitranspirant application. The changes in water relations parameters and stomatal conductance were highly correlated with changes in leaf ABA content.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Riyanto, Astim. "PENGETAHUAN HUKUM KONSTITUSI MENJADI ILMU HUKUM KONSTITUSI." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol45.no2.2.

Full text
Abstract:
Pengetahuan konstitusi (constitution) secara intensif telah muncul sejak abad ke-4 sebelum Masehi. Hal itu dimulai dengan penyelidikan oleh Aristoteles/Aristotle (384-322 sebelum Masehi) mengenai konstitusi (politeia) terhadap 158 negara kota (polis) dari 186 negara kota (polis) di zaman Yunani kuno yang berjaya dari abad ke-6 sebelum Masehi sampai dengan abad ke-2 sebelum Masehi. Hasil penyelidikan Aristoteles/Aristotle tersebut dituangkan dalam bukunya Politica (Politics). Pengetahuan konstitusi berubah menjadi pengantar studi hukum konstitusi oleh Prof. Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) yang dituangkan dalam bukunya An Introduction to Study of The Law of The Constitution (1885). Pada tahun 2007 oleh Astim Riyanto di depan suatu komunitas akademisi di suatu universitas di Indonesia, yang dituangkan dalam suatu makalah, dideklarasikan hukum konstitusi (the law of the constitution) menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi (science of the law of the constitution). Pendeklarasian hukum konstitusi menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi dipimpin oleh pakar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Sri Soemantri Martosoewignjo.Pengetahuan konstitusi (constitution) secara intensif telah muncul sejak abad ke-4 sebelum Masehi. Hal itu dimulai dengan penyelidikan oleh Aristoteles/Aristotle (384-322 sebelum Masehi) mengenai konstitusi (politeia) terhadap 158 negara kota (polis) dari 186 negara kota (polis) di zaman Yunani kuno yang berjaya dari abad ke-6 sebelum Masehi sampai dengan abad ke-2 sebelum Masehi. Hasil penyelidikan Aristoteles/Aristotle tersebut dituangkan dalam bukunya Politica (Politics). Pengetahuan konstitusi berubah menjadi pengantar studi hukum konstitusi oleh Prof. Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) yang dituangkan dalam bukunya An Introduction to Study of The Law of The Constitution (1885). Pada tahun 2007 oleh Astim Riyanto di depan suatu komunitas akademisi di suatu universitas di Indonesia, yang dituangkan dalam suatu makalah, dideklarasikan hukum konstitusi (the law of the constitution) menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi (science of the law of the constitution). Pendeklarasian hukum konstitusi menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi dipimpin oleh pakar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Sri Soemantri Martosoewignjo.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Yuzikhin, Oleg S., Natalia E. Gogoleva, Alexander I. Shaposhnikov, Tatyana A. Konnova, Elena V. Osipova, Darya S. Syrova, Elena A. Ermakova, et al. "Rhizosphere Bacterium Rhodococcus sp. P1Y Metabolizes Abscisic Acid to Form Dehydrovomifoliol." Biomolecules 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11030345.

Full text
Abstract:
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth and in response to abiotic stress factors. At the same time, its accumulation in soil can negatively affect seed germination, inhibit root growth and increase plant sensitivity to pathogens. ABA is an inert compound resistant to spontaneous hydrolysis and its biological transformation is scarcely understood. Recently, the strain Rhodococcus sp. P1Y was described as a rhizosphere bacterium assimilating ABA as a sole carbon source in batch culture and affecting ABA concentrations in plant roots. In this work, the intermediate product of ABA decomposition by this bacterium was isolated and purified by preparative HPLC techniques. Proof that this compound belongs to ABA derivatives was carried out by measuring the molar radioactivity of the conversion products of this phytohormone labeled with tritium. The chemical structure of this compound was determined by instrumental techniques including high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR spectrometry, FTIR and UV spectroscopies. As a result, the metabolite was identified as (4RS)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E)-3-oxobut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one (dehydrovomifoliol). Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the pathway of bacterial degradation and assimilation of ABA begins with a gradual shortening of the acyl part of the molecule.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Zhao, Chenglong, Zhiguo Xia, and Shixin Yu. "Thermally stable luminescence and structure evolution of (K, Rb)BaPO4:Eu2+ solid-solution phosphors." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 30 (2014): 6032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00488d.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Sebastian, Anil, S. N. Vasudevan, B. Kissan, I. Sangeeta Macha, and S. R. Doddagoudar. "Abscisic acid induced seed dormancy and climate resilience in fox tail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.838.

Full text
Abstract:
A laboratory experiment was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS Raichur to estimate ABA content in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) using Phytodetek ABA Test Kit. ABA estimation in millets is helpful to trace out the reason behind the dormancy in millets and is less explored. Nine genotypes were studied in the present investigation. Among the foxtail millet genotypes, the highest dormancy duration of 35 days was observed in two genotypes viz., DHFt-4-5 and DHFt-5-3 and slight dormancy was noticed in the genotype DHFt- 35-1. The genotype DHFt-35-1 recorded lowest ABA concentration of 3.199 pmol/g f. w. followed by genotypes DHFt-2-5 and DHFt-2-5-1 (3.266 and 3.291 pmol/g f. w. respectively). Highest ABA concentration was found in DHFt-5-3 (3.404 pmol/g f. w.) followed by DHFt-4-5 (3.396 pmol/g f. w.). Thus it was concluded that ABA in millet seeds makes them ‘climate smart crops’ and during the climate change regime, it is only millets that can ensure India’s food and nutrition needs in future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Rifa Hanifa Mardhiyah, Sekar Nurul Fajriyah Aldriani, Febyana Chitta, and Muhamad Rizal Zulfikar. "Pentingnya Keterampilan Belajar di Abad 21 sebagai Tuntutan dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia." Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan 12, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v12i1.5813.

Full text
Abstract:
Abad 21 berpusat pada perkembangan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang mengedepankan pengetahuan sebagai tombak utama. Namun, dengan pengetahuan saja tidak cukup untuk mewujudkan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, karena perlu adanya keseimbangan antara pengetahuan dengan keterampilan sebagai dasar dari sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas pada perkembangan zaman. Mengasah keterampilan melalui pembiasaan diri dan pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dalam berbagai macam hal yang didasari oleh pengetahuan. Pembelajaran abad ke 21 diharapkan dapat membuka lebih lebar kesempatan kerja dan memperluas lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat Indonesia sebagai sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan unggul. Untuk membentuk sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, maka dibutuhkan tenaga pendidik yang siap mengajar dan mendidik melalui pembelajaran abad 21 yang tentunya diharuskan relevan dengan perkembangan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keterampilan belajar yang akan dibutuhkan pada pembelajaran abad 21, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan berupa studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran abad 21 berorientasikan kepada kegiatan untuk melatih keterampilan peserta didik dengan mengarah pada proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran abad 21 berfokus pada student center dengan tujuan untuk memberikan peserta didik keterampilan berpikir diantara lain: (1) berpikir kritis, (2) memecahkan masalah, (3) metakognisi, (4) berkomunikasi, (5) berkolaborasi, (6) inovasi dan kreatif, (7) literasi informasi. Oleh sebab itu diharapkan pendidikan dapat menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dalam bidang teknologi informasi dan juga aspek kemanusiaan karena pembelajaran abad 21 lebih mengintegrasikan terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Prananta, Yunina Resmi. "Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 Berbasis Media Penanaman Karakter Bertema Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dan Sadar Konstitusi." Jurnal Didaktika Pendidikan Dasar 5, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/didaktika.v5i2.213.

Full text
Abstract:
Tujuan dari artikel ini untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran abad 21 berbasis media berupa media pembelajaran kognitif dan afektif untuk penanaman nilai Pancasila dan sadar konstitusi (SIPANCA), menguji kelayakan dan kepraktisan media tersebut, dan mengukur efektifitas media. Metode pengembangan digunakan merujuk pada langkah pengembangan dari Gall dan Borg (2008) yang disederhanakan menjadi 5 langkah adopsi. Hasil dari pengembangan ini adalah terciptanya final media dengan spesifikasi sesuai dengan tujuan afektif dan kognitif, media ini dinyatakan layak oleh ahli media dan pengguna lapangan dengan kriteria kelayakan tinggi dengan rat-rata skor 3,875 dari total skor 4 (3,875/4) untuk validasi game SIPANCA; validasi aplikasi SIPANCA (3,75/4); validasi media perisai SIPANCA berbasis mikrokontroler (3,75/4); uji kepraktisan game SIPANCA (3,875/4); uji kepraktisan aplikasi SIPANCA (3,9375/4); dan uji kepraktisan media perisai SIPANCA berbasis mikrokontroler (3,93/4). Adanya pengembangan model pembelajaran abad 21 berbasis media penanaman karakter bertema nilai-nilai Pancasila dan sadar konstitusi memberikan manfaat teoritik terhadap referensi kajian bidang pendidikan, pembelajaran, dan pengembangan media yang berkaitan dengan strategi pembelajaran di sekolah.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Chang, Yongjian, and Barbara M. Reed. "Preculture Conditions Influence Cold Hardiness and Regrowth of Pyrus cordata Shoot Tips After Cryopreservation." HortScience 36, no. 7 (December 2001): 1329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.7.1329.

Full text
Abstract:
Cold hardiness and cryogenic survival of micropropagated pear (Pyrus cordata Desv.) shoots were evaluated after pretreatments with ABA and sucrose. Shoot cold hardiness increased by 3 °C, and cryopreserved shoot tip growth increased by 17% after a 4-week 150 μm ABA pretreatment. Low temperature (LT) pretreatments improved the recovery of cryopreserved P. cordata shoot tips. Six to 10 weeks of LT were required for reaching high cryopreservation recovery. ABA and LT treatments produced significant synergistic effects on both cold hardiness and cryopreservation recovery. ABA shortened the LT requirement for high cryopreservation growth from 10 to 2 weeks. The optimal treatment for recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was a 3 week culture on 50 μm ABA followed by 2 weeks of LT, while the maximum cold hardiness (-22.5 °C) was obtained with 150 μm ABA and 2-week LT. A 4 week culture on 150 μm ABA at 25 °C induced dormancy in 74% of shoot tips, but had little effect on cryopreservation growth unless combined with LT. Control and ABA-treated shoot tips, lateral buds, and leaves had similar cold hardiness (-10 to -12 °C), but LT and LT+ABA-treated shoot tips survived the lowest temperatures (-17 to -23 °C), lateral buds next (-15 to -20 °C), and finally leaves (-14 to -18 °C). An increase in the preculture-medium sucrose concentration from 2% to 7% combined with 2-week LT significantly increased cryopreserved shoot tip growth (0% to 75%) and decreased the LT50 from -7.8 to -12.4 °C. The optimal shoot pretreatment for successful recovery of cryopreserved P. cordata shoot tips was a 3 week culture on either 50 μm ABA or 5% to 7% sucrose medium followed by 2 weeks of LT, and increased shoot tip growth from zero to >70%. Chemical name used: abscisic acid (ABA).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Budczies, Jan, Scarlet F. Brockmoeller, Berit Mueller, Manfred Dietel, Oliver Fiehn, and Carsten Denkert. "Hormone receptor-dependent regulation of ABAT and beta-alanine metabolism in breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 11112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.11112.

Full text
Abstract:
11112 Background: Recently, we identified beta-alanine as biomarker for breast cancer using GC-MS based metabolomics. Beta-alanine is increased in breast cancer compared to normal tissues and in the more aggressive ER- subtype compared to ER+ breast cancer. Beta-alanine is a substrate of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT), can be catabolised to malonate semialdehyde and used for reduction of NAD and acetylation of coenzyme A. The aim of the current study is to analyze ABAT protein and RNA expression in a large cohort of breast cancers. Methods: The specificity of a polyclonal antibody against ABAT was validated using siRNA in MFC7 cells. A cohort of 164 paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues from the METAcancer biobank was investgated by immunohistochemistry. Tumor cells were evaluated separately for staining intensity (low, moderate or high) and percentage of stained cells. A cohort of 156 METAcancer samples was investigated for gene expression using whole genome DASL. Results: ABAT protein intensity correlated strongly with estrogen receptor (ER) status (p < 0.001), but not with HER2 status. In particular, the ABAT protein was highly expressed in 41% of the ER+ tissues, but only in 2% of the ER- tissues. Further, ABAT intensity correlated strongly with tumor grade (p < 0.001). ABAT intensity did not correlate with tumor stage or nodal status. Explorative evaluation of ABAT protein in normal cells revealed weak expression in some of the ducts and negative expression in adipose cells. ABAT protein and RNA expression strongly correlated in the subcohort investigated by DASL. Analysis of a large external data set (publicly available at www.kmplot.com) showed that low ABAT expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer. Both, ABAT protein and RNA expression, showed a strong negative correlation with beta-alanine abundance. Conclusions: We reported on changes in beta-alanine metabolism that occur between the molecular subtypes of breast cancer and normal breast tissue. High expression of ABAT in ER+ breast cancer is compatible with catabolic use of beta-alanine. Differently, beta-alanine might be preferable used anabolic in ER- breast cancer, possibly for the synthesis of carnosine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Kong, Yinfei, Songbin Chen, Yang Yang, and Chengcai An. "ABA-insensitive (ABI) 4 and ABI5 synergistically regulateDGAT1expression inArabidopsisseedlings under stress." FEBS Letters 587, no. 18 (August 10, 2013): 3076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.045.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Syaputra, Een, and Sariyatun Sariyatun. "Pembelajaran Sejarah di Abad 21 (Telaah Teoritis terhadap Model dan Materi)." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v3i1.163.

Full text
Abstract:
Model dan materi pembelajaran merupakan dua elemen inti yang masih mengalami banyak masalah dalam praksis pembelajaran Sejarah di abad 21. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan telaah teoritis terhadap model pembelajaran dan materi ajar Sejarah dalam bingkai pendidikan abad 21. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan matode kepustakaan. Langkah penelitian yang dilakukan adalah: 1) menyiapkan alat dan perlengkapan; 2) menyusunn bibliografi kerja; 3) mengatur waktu penelitian; 4) membaca dan membuat catatan peneltian; dan 5) menyimpulkan dan menganalisis hasil peneltian. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Untuk mengembangkan keterampilan abad 21 dalam pembelajaran Sejarah, diperlukan model pembelajaran yang dapat menghubungkan materi pembelajaran Sejarah dengan kehidupan nyata peserta didik, terutama terhadap permasalahan sosial yang sedang terjadi di masyarakat. Selain itu, model pembelajaran dalam bingkai pendidikan abad 21 adalah model pembelajaran yang di dalamnya terdapat proses pengumpulan dan analsis data, pemecahan masalah, dan kolaborasi. Beberapa model yang memiliki orientasi ke arah keterampilan tersebut antara lain Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Discovery Learnin, dan Inquiry Learning; 2) Untuk mendukung keterampilan abad 21, diperlukan perubahan dari materi yang bersifat text menjadi materi ajar yang berbasis website. Dari segi isi, materi ajar berbasis masalah sosial dan berbasis nilai, menjadi penting untuk dikembangkan.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Hasna Prilia, Afifah, Sony Irianto, and Sriyanto Sriyanto. "Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Kompetensi Peserta Didik di Abad 21." Jurnal Ilmiah KONTEKSTUAL 2, no. 02 (February 27, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46772/kontekstual.v2i02.399.

Full text
Abstract:
Perkembangan abad 21 menuntut peserta didik untuk lebih aktif dalam berpikir dan memecahkan masalah. Oleh sebab itu, pelaksanaan pembelajaran perlu didukung adanya bahan ajar tematik yang dapat menumbuhkan kompetensi peserta didik di abad 21. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar tematik berbasis kompetensi peserta didik abad 21 di Kelas V. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model 4D. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan wawancara, analisis dokumen, dan angket yang disebarkan kepada ahli materi, bahasa, dan pembelajaran serta angket respon guru. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini berupa bahan ajar tematik berbasis kompetensi peserta didik abad 21 di kelas V sekolah dasar yang berisi enam tahap kegiatan pembelajaran. Keenam tahapan tersebut yaitu yaitu:1) memprediksikan, 2) berdiskusi I, 3) menjelaskan I, 4) pengamatan, 5) berdiskusi II, 6) menjelaskan II. Bahan ajar tematik pada tahap pertama dinyatakan layak oleh ketiga validator dengan kategori “baik”. Pada tahap kedua bahan ajar tematik dinyatakan layak dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Menurut respon guru dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Dengan demikian bahan ajar tematik tersebut dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan empat kompetensi peserta didik abad 21di sekolah dasar.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Boarini, Milena B., María E. Pérez, María E. Milanesio, and Edgardo N. Durantini. "Synthesis of Porphyrins with ABAB Symmetry from Dipyrromethanes as Potential Phototherapeutic Agents." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08305.

Full text
Abstract:
Asymmetrically meso-substituted porphyrins were synthesized with ABAB symmetry patterns. The approach required the formation of dipyrromethanes, which were obtained from the condensation of an aldehyde (pentafluorobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde or N,N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde) with a large excess of pyrrole (1:47 aldehyde/pyrrole mol ratio), catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid in 70–94% yields. Then, acid-catalyzed condensation of these dipyrromethanes with an aldehyde (N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-carboxymethyl benzaldehyde or N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarbaldehyde) (1:1 mol ratio) in dichloromethane, followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone affords the diseased porphyrins in 10–42% yields. These ABAB-porphyrins are interesting starting materials to obtain photoactive molecular structures as potential phototherapeutic agents.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Forghani, Reza, Hyeon Ju Kim, Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz, Lionel Bure, Yue Wu, Makoto Hayase, Ying Wei, Yi Zheng, Michael A. Moskowitz, and John W. Chen. "Myeloperoxidase Propagates Damage and is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Subacute Stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.222.

Full text
Abstract:
Few effective treatment options exist for stroke beyond the hyperacute period. Radical generation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been implicated in stroke. We investigated whether pharmacologic reduction or gene deletion of this highly oxidative enzyme reduces infarct propagation and improves outcome in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model (MCAO). Mice were treated with 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), a specific irreversible MPO inhibitor. Three treatment regimens were used: (1) daily throughout the 21-day observational period, (2) during the acute stage (first 24 hours), or (3) during the subacute stage (daily starting on day 2). We found elevated MPO activity in ipsilateral brain 3 to 21 days after ischemia. 4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide reduced enzyme activity by 30% to 40% and final lesion volume by 60% ( P<0.01). The MPO-knockout (KO) mice subjected to MCAO also showed a similar reduction in the final lesion volume ( P<0.01). The ABAH treatment or MPO-KO mice also improved neurobehavioral outcome ( P<0.001) and survival ( P=0.01), but ABAH had no additional beneficial effects in MPO-KO mice, confirming specificity of ABAH. Interestingly, inhibiting MPO activity during the subacute stage recapitulated most of the therapeutic benefit of continuous MPO inhibition, suggesting that MPO-targeted therapies could be useful when given after 24 hours of stroke onset.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'ABAP/4' for other source types:
Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography