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Journal articles on the topic 'Abbreviations, Chinese'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

김지나. "A Study of Abbreviations in the Chinese Military." Korean Journal of Military Art and Science 68, no. 1 (2012): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31066/kjmas.2012.68.1.007.

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Li, Xiaoge. "Comparison of Abbreviations in Russian and Chinese Languages." RUDN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES, SEMIOTICS AND SEMANTICS 8, no. 2 (2017): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2017-8-2-454-463.

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Xu, Mingwu, and Chuanmao Tian. "Is ‘NBA’ Chinese or English?" English Today 33, no. 4 (2017): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000232.

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In recent years, the use of foreign loanwords in Chinese has increased significantly. It has been estimated that there are currently about 3,000 foreign words in Chinese, most of which are related to English (Zhang, 2006). Of these, more than 500 words are frequently used, together with their abbreviations and translations. In response to this situation, the Chinese government established the Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on Chinese Language Translation and Writing Specifications (IJM-CLTWS) in 2012, consisting of ten state-level ministries and institutions such as the State Language Commiss

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Yu-Mi, Ki. "Analysis of Formats and Meanings of Chinese Numeral-Abbreviations : Based on Chinese Government Official Documents." Chinese Studies 72 (September 30, 2020): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2020.72.72.8.

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FU, GUOHONG, KANG-KWONG LUKE, and JONATHAN J. WEBSTER. "Automatic Expansion of Abbreviations in Chinese News Text: A Hybrid Approach." International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages 20, no. 02n03 (2007): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219427907001652.

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Chang, Jing-Shin, and Wei-Lun Teng. "Mining atomic Chinese abbreviations with a probabilistic single character recovery model." Language Resources and Evaluation 40, no. 3-4 (2007): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-007-9026-8.

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Lu, Cailing, and Averil Coxhead. "Vocabulary in Traditional Chinese Medicine." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 171, no. 1 (2019): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.18020.lu.

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Abstract This article reports on a corpus-based study of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) vocabulary. It first provides a vocabulary profile of English-medium Traditional Chinese Medicine textbooks and journal articles using Nation’s (2012) British National Corpus/Corpus of Contemporary American English (BNC/COCA 25,000) frequency word lists and supplementary word lists of proper nouns, abbreviations, and compounds. Then, it categorizes items outside Nation’s BNC/COCA into Chinese loan words (e.g., qi, yang) and medical lexis (e.g., cinnamomi, rehmanniae), which cover 5.93% of the TCM Corpor

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Fengtong, Zhang. "The initials of Chengdu speech as compared with Standard Chinese." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 15, no. 2 (1989): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030000298x.

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Chengdu speech is the received pronunciation among the various Sichuan dialects spoken by ten million people in Southwest China. In this short paper, I intend to discuss the characteristics of the initials of Chengdu speech as compared with Standard Chinese. The following abbreviations and conventions are used: CDH = Chengduhua, i.e. Chengdu speech of Chinese. PTH = Putonghua, Standard Chinese based on Beijing pronunciation. CPA = the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. Chinese characters are transliterated into CPA first when they are cited as examples. A phonetic transcription of CDH pronunciation fo

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Sun, Xu, Naoaki Okazaki, Jun’ichi Tsujii, and Houfeng Wang. "Learning Abbreviations from Chinese and English Terms by Modeling Non-Local Information." ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing 12, no. 2 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2461316.2461317.

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Hsieh, Shelley Ching-yu, Mei-Rong Wang, and Meg Ching-yi Wang. "The interaction between Mandarin Chinese and English." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 24, no. 1 (2014): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.24.1.07she.

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This paper explores the linguistic and interactional properties of computer-mediated communication in Taiwan. We collected data from messages posted asynchronously on Internet websites. The three primary sources of messages were, in volume order, online Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs), chatrooms, and MSN messenger. We identify innovative uses of English and Mandarin Chinese hybrids, examine their function, and examine the online interlocutors’ ideologies when using them. Because of computer hardware and software, English plays an essential role even in a Mandarin-dominant online discourse by off

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Blattner, Geraldine, and Amanda Dalola. "I Tweet, You Tweet, (S)He Tweets." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 8, no. 2 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2018040101.

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This study seeks to further the research on online language learning by examining the level at which intermediate ESL students understand and process sociopragmatic information in their second language (L2) in globally networked environments like Twitter. In this semester-long study, L2 English learners from a variety of first languages (Chinese, Spanish, Arabic) analyzed authentic English-language tweets produced by well-known native speakers, with a focus on abbreviations, hashtags and tweeter mood. Results revealed that high intermediate ESL students relied most heavily on word choice when

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Sun, Xu, Hou-Feng Wang, and Bo Wang. "Predicting Chinese Abbreviations from Definitions: An Empirical Learning Approach Using Support Vector Regression." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 23, no. 4 (2008): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-008-9156-5.

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Hongyin, Nie. "Graph omission and abbreviation in Tangut script." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 2, no. 3 (2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850218779768.

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In a few Tangut manuscripts there are eight omitted graphs used for explaining the character structures and three abbreviations used for transcribing the Tibetan word badzra or Sanskrit word vajra. The latter were formed by merging two or three parts of standard graphs so as to record polysyllables or consonant clusters in other languages. The usage of this method to create new characters, though originating from an ancient tradition and being occasionally used in the Chinese writing system, proves to be accepted merely in a limited sphere and is not mentioned in any authoritative dictionaries

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Chen, Jinyan, Susanne Becken, and Bela Stantic. "Lexicon based Chinese language sentiment analysis method." Computer Science and Information Systems 16, no. 2 (2019): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis181015013c.

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The growing number of social media users and vast volume of posts could provide valuable information about the sentiment toward different locations, services as well as people. Recent advances in Big Data analytics and natural language processing often means to automatically calculate sentiment in these posts. Sentiment analysis is challenging and computationally demanding task due to the volume of data, misspelling, emoticons as well as abbreviations. While significant work was directed toward the sentiment analysis of English text there is limited attention in literature toward the sentiment

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Du, X., W. Tang, W. Tian, et al. "Novel IRF6 Mutations in Chinese Patients with Van der Woude Syndrome." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 10 (2006): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608501013.

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Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) (OMIM 119300) is a dominantly inherited, developmental disorder that is characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene ( IRF6) have been recently identified in patients with VWS, with more than 60 mutations reported. However, the VWS phenotype, IRF6 mutation genotypes, and their interrelationships in Chinese VWS patients have not been studied. Here, we report 11 Chinese families with variable clinical phenotypes of VWS and identified mutations in all patients. Of the 11

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Wumaier, Aishan, Cuiyun Xu, Zaokere Kadeer, et al. "A Neural-Network-Based Approach to Chinese–Uyghur Organization Name Translation." Information 11, no. 10 (2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11100492.

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The recognition and translation of organization names (ONs) is challenging due to the complex structures and high variability involved. ONs consist not only of common generic words but also names, rare words, abbreviations and business and industry jargon. ONs are a sub-class of named entity (NE) phrases, which convey key information in text. As such, the correct translation of ONs is critical for machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. The existing Chinese–Uyghur neural machine translation systems have performed poorly when applied to ON translation tasks. As there are no

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Doubkova, O. V., and M. V. Zakharova-Sarovskaya. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT NEOLOGISMS IN MODERN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE: NEOLOGICAL ERGONOMICS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-2-170-175.

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Extra-linguistic factors in the languages of different typological systems require compressive means to express new names of enterprises, which leads to active formation of complex ergonyms. However, the types and models of composing remain the same. There is an active change of their productivity, the previously unimportant models of compounding come to the front line. The analysis of the lexical material confirms the hypothesis that the well-known word-formation models are filled with new lexical content. The character of the enterprise and the naming principles lead to the formation of ergo

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Song, An, Yi Yang, Yabing Wang, et al. "GERMLINE GCM2 MUTATION SCREENING IN CHINESE PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM PATIENTS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 10 (2020): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0132.

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Objective: Glial cell missing 2 (GCM2), the critical regulator in the development of parathyroid glands, has been associated with the pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Relevant data in Chinese and other Asian populations are still lacking. This study aimed to screen the germline mutations of GCM2 in Chinese PHPT patients. Methods: A total of 232 patients diagnosed with PHPT at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July, 2016, to February, 2019, were screened using targeted next-generation sequencing to identify rare variants of 8 candidate genes associated with PHPT,

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Wang, Yabing, Ou Wang, Min Nie, et al. "CLINICAL AND GENETIC FINDINGS IN A CHINESE COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH DIGEORGE SYNDROME-RELATED HYPOPARATHYROIDISM." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 6 (2020): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0498.

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Objective: Patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) are undiagnosed due to its diverse manifestations. We aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations in a group of Chinese patients of DGS with childhood-onset hypoparathyroidism (HP) as the primary referral, and to report a novel TBX1 mutation. Methods: In this single-center observational study, clinical features and biochemical indices were recorded in 26 patients with DGS and 114 patients with idiopathic HP (IHP). An in vitro functional experiment was launched to analyze the novel TBX1 missense mutation. Results: Compared with 114 patients

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Pan, Zhengzhou, Chao Huang, Zhaowei Meng, et al. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND SUBCLINICAL THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN DIFFERENT SEXES OF CHINESE." Endocrine Practice 25, no. 11 (2019): 1166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2018-0612.

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Objective: To study subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD)—subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism—in Chinese patients in relation to body mass index (BMI) and to determine whether a difference between sexes exists. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13,503 healthy participants (8,345 male, 5,158 female) who participated in a health examination. Clinical data, including anthropometric measurements and serum parameters, were collected. The association between SCTD and the BMI of each sex was analyzed separately by stratifying the data by SCTD type and regarding BMI

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Zhang, Dan, Tao Chen, Haoming Tian, et al. "EXPLORATION OF THE SEATED SALINE SUPPRESSION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN THE CHINESE POPULATION." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 8 (2020): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0064.

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Objective: We prospectively investigated the accuracy of the seated saline suppression test (SSST) in 113 patients with hypertension (including 93 primary aldosteronism [PA] and 20 essential hypertension patients) in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Methods: Each patient underwent a recumbent saline suppression test (RSST) and SSST. The accuracy of the SSST for a confirmative PA diagnosis and subtype classification was evaluated and compared with the RSST. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) for the

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Chang, Li-Hsin, Chii-Min Hwu, Yi-Chun Lin, et al. "SOLUBLE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR TYPE 1 LEVELS EXHIBIT A STRONGER ASSOCIATION WITH RENAL OUTCOMES THAN TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS IN CHINESE SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 10 (2020): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0114.

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Objective: Associations between albuminuria and renal outcomes are inconsistent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) is involved in declined kidney function and poor renal outcomes but this has not been confirmed among Chinese T2D patients. This study aimed to examine the association of sTNFR1 and renal outcomes in a cohort of these patients. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-three Chinese T2D patients were enrolled in a prospective observational study which excluded individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) <30 mL/

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Williams, Lea E. "Indonesian Chinese in Crisis. By Charles A. Coppel. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983. Pp. xvii, 236. Tables, Plates, Glossary, Abbreviations, Notes, Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (1985): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008559.

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Zhao, Lijun, Honghong Ren, Junlin Zhang, et al. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, CLASSIFIED USING THE LESION-AWARE DEEP LEARNING SYSTEM, PREDICTS DIABETIC END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE IN CHINESE PATIENTS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 4 (2020): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0512.

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Objective: To characterize the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese patients and to determine whether the severity of DR predicts end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: Bilateral fundic photographs of 91 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy-confirmed DN, not in ESRD stage, were obtained at the time of renal biopsy in this longitudinal study. The baseline severity of DR was determined using the Lesion-aware Deep Learning System (RetinalNET) in an open framework for deep learning and was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retino

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Yu, Weihui, Xiaoqian Wang, Xiang Hu, et al. "PREVIOUS DELIVERY OF MACROSOMIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL ADIPOSITY IN LATER LIFE IN CHINESE PAROUS WOMEN WITH NORMAL WEIGHT BEFORE AND/OR AFTER PREGNANCY." Endocrine Practice 25, no. 11 (2019): 1176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0075.

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Objective: Obesity has become a major worldwide health challenge. Macrosomic infants are more likely to experience type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension in adulthood. However, whether macrosomia increases the risk of maternal adiposity later in life is still unknown. Methods: One thousand nine hundred eighty-six unrelated parous women of Chinese Han ancestry aged from 40 to 76 years were enrolled. Self-reported information about reproductive status, including age at menarche, number of children, previous delivery of macrosomic infants, and body weight before and after pregnancy we

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Leong, Stephen. "Tan Kah-kee: The Making of an Overseas Chinese Legend. By C.F. Yong. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xix, 391. Tables, Maps, Plates, Abbreviations, Glossary, Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (1989): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340001835x.

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Thị Đỗ, Bích-Tuyển. "Graphic abbreviation of Chinese characters in Vietnam: A case study of “dot and bend” in Sino-Nom texts." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 4, no. 3 (2020): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850220948256.

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This article describes research on “dot and bend” ([Formula: see text]) as a graphic abbreviation of Chinese characters in Sino-Nom books and stele inscriptions. Documentary survey results show that the sign “dot and bend” may be an abbreviation of a whole character (錢, 饒) or a radical (食, 金, 君, 镸, 雚) on the left of a character. This abbreviation appeared in Vietnam from the 12th to the early 20th century, which had some specific characteristics in comparison with Chinese characters in China, Japan and Korea.

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HAN, QINGXI, and XINZHENG LI. "Neocrangon orientalis, a new caridean shrimp species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Crangonidae) from the East China Sea." Zootaxa 2050, no. 1 (2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2050.1.4.

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The Genus Neocrangon Zarenkov, 1965 was one of the most poorly reported genera in the caridean family Crangonidae. Zarenkov (1965) divided the genus Crangon Fabricius, 1758 into two subgenera, ie. Crangon s. str. and his new subgenus Neocrangon, and designed eleven species in the latter, the type species was Crangon communis Rathbun, 1899. Squires and Figueira (1974) followed Zarenkov (1965) and accepted the subgenus Neocrangon. Kuris & Carlton (1977) raised Neocrangon as a separated genus and recognized that only five species, which has two gastric spines as that in the type species from

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Liang, Hanting, Hui Miao, Hui Pan, et al. "GROWTH-PROMOTING THERAPIES MAY BE USEFUL IN SHORT STATURE PATIENTS WITH NONSPECIFIC SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES CAUSED BY ACAN HETEROZYGOUS MUTATIONS: SIX CHINESE CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 11 (2020): 1255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0518.

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Objective: There are numerous reasons for short stature, including mutations in osteochondral development genes. ACAN, one such osteochondral development gene in which heterozygous mutations can cause short stature, has attracted attention from researchers in recent years. Therefore, we analyzed six cases of short stature with heterozygous ACAN mutations and performed a literature review. Methods: Clinical information and blood samples from 6 probands and their family members were collected after consent forms were signed. Gene mutations in the probands were detected by whole-exome sequencing.

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Zhang, Tianyao, Xiaoyan He, Lijuan Wu, Xianrong Feng, Yu Yang, and Lu Deng. "Electro-Acupuncture Combined Methadone for Withdrawal Symptoms of Opioid Addiction: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 46, no. 4 (2021): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012921x16237619666094.

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Background<br/> Opioid addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by a series of withdrawal symptoms in behavioral, psychological, and neurobiological manifestations. Withdrawal symptoms are the main cause of relapse after periods of abstinence; thus, the treatment is focused on abstinence symptoms. Due to most of all types of opioid agonist drugs carry a potential for addiction and exacerbation of withdrawal symptoms, nondrug methods have great potentials in clinical applications. Electro-acupuncture (EA), as a novel nonpharmacological approach, combined with methadone has a lo

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Konoreva, Irina A., and Igor N. Selivanov. "History of Relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in Documents from Serbian and Russian Archives." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2018): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-2-630-639.

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The review characterizes two collections of archival documents published in Belgrade and Moscow. They contain materials on the history of Yugoslavo-Soviet relations in 1964-1980s from the Archive of Yugoslavia and the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. The reviewed collections continue the series of publications of the Archive of Yugoslavia (‘Documents on Yugoslavia Foreign Policy’) and of the International Fund ‘Democracy’ (‘Russia: The 20th century’). The collections contain over 100 documents, most of which are published for the first time. They address problems of international

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Thorp, Robert L. "Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations. By Li Xueqin. Translated by K. C. Chang. Early Chinese Civilizations Series. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. xvi, 527 pp. Figures, Abbreviations, Bibliography, Index. N.p." Journal of Asian Studies 46, no. 4 (1987): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057112.

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Ingleson, John. "Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia. By Leonard Blussé. Dordrecht and Riverton: Foris Publications, 1986. Pp. xiii, 302. Abbreviations, Glossary, Plates, Illustrations, Notes, Literature, Indices." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (1989): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400019986.

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Wang, Jiali, Lijun Zhao, Junlin Zhang, et al. "CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND PROGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS: MORE ATTENTION TO YOUNGER PATIENTS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 1 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0238.

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Objective: Our study sought to investigate the clinicopathologic features and renal prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in different age groups. Methods: A total of 315 patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven DN were enrolled and divided into three groups by age: the Youth group (≤44 years old), the Middle-aged group (45 to 59 years old), and the Elderly group (≥60 years old). Results: The Youth group, Middle-aged group, and Elderly group accounted for 19.05% (60/315), 59.37% (187/315), and 21.59% (68/315) of the patients in our study, respecti

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Wang, Maorong, and Yerong Yu. "THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF COMBINATION REGIMENS INCLUDING METHIMAZOLE ON GRAVES HYPERTHYROIDISM: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 6 (2020): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0555.

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Objective: To analyze the effects of methimazole (MMI)-containing combination regimens on the thyroid status and relapse rates in patients with Graves hyperthyroidism (GH) using a network meta-analysis to provide guidance for clinical application. Methods: We conducted a literature review, which identified 21 trials for inclusion. The major outcomes were serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations. The secondary outcome was relapse rate. A network meta-analysis was used to compare multiple regimens to identify the most advantageous regimen. Results: The types of c

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Lindblad, J. Thomas. "Indonesia - Bangka Tin and Mentok Pepper: Chinese Settlement on an Indonesian Island. By Mary F. Somers Heidhues. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. Pp. xvii, 269. Illustrations, Abbreviations, Glossary, Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (1993): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002940.

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Sautman, Barry. "Book Review: Ajit S. BHALLA and QIU Shufang, Poverty and Inequality among Chinese Minorities. London: Routledge, 2006. xx + 204 pp., with abbreviations, tables, and figures. ISBN: 0-415-30840-2 (hc). Price: £65.00." China Information 22, no. 1 (2008): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x080220010602.

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최중식. "A Study on negative abbreviation in mordern chinese." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 55 (2010): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15792/clsyn..55.201006.347.

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环环, 侯. "模因论视角下中文广告语篇中的英语缩略语研究A Brief Investigation into English Abbreviations Embedded in Chinese Ads from the Perspective of Memetics". Modern Linguistics 01, № 03 (2013): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ml.2013.13022.

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Heidhues, Mary F. Somers. "Indonesian Chinese in Crisis. By Charles A. Coppel. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983. (Asian Studies Association of Australia, Southeast Asia Publications Series, no. 8.) xvii, 236 pp. Tables, Plates, Glossary, List of Abbreviations, Bibliography, Index. $32.50." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 1 (1985): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056880.

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Suttmeier, Richard P. "Book Review: Linda JAKOBSON, ed., Innovation with Chinese Characteristics: High-Tech Research in China. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. xxii + 178 pp., with figures, abbreviations, and index. ISBN: 978-0-230-00692-8 (hc). Price: £55.00." China Information 22, no. 3 (2008): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x080220030409.

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Aditiawarman, Mac. "Address Form in Tiong Pa Creole:An Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and Minangkabau Language." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 3, no. 1 (2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v3i1.383.

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Tiong Pa is an abbreviation of Chinese people in Padang (read the book of Tiong Pa Ethnic in Padang: A Sociolinguistics Perspective written by Aditiawarman, 2005). The language is constructed by elements of the Chinese, Minangkabau, and Indonesian language.The phenomenon of the language formation is caused by communication across cultures engage in continuous communication within long time interaction. One of the communication impact across cultures can be seen among the language community. Communication across cultures influence the language elements such as the address used by Tiong Pa ethni

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Yang, Dong, Yi-Cheng Pan, and Sadaoki Furui. "Vocabulary expansion through automatic abbreviation generation for Chinese voice search." Computer Speech & Language 26, no. 5 (2012): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2011.12.002.

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Sun, Yun. "Southeast Asia. Chinese encounters in Southeast Asia: How people, money, and ideas from China are changing a region Edited by Pál Nyíri and Danielle Tan Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017. Pp. xiii + 296. Tables, Maps, Photos, Abbreviations, Glossary, References, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (2020): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246342000065x.

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Faguo, Zhou, Zhao Meijiao, Sun Zhen, Zhao Jie, Sun Tai, and Li Shengfei. "Algorithms of Generating and Recognizing the Abbreviation of Chinese Organization Names." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 22 (2013): 6543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.6543.6547.

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Maršík, Jiří, and Ondřej Bojar. "TrTok: A Fast and Trainable Tokenizer for Natural Languages." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 98, no. 1 (2012): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10108-012-0010-0.

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TrTok: A Fast and Trainable Tokenizer for Natural Languages We present a universal data-driven tool for segmenting and tokenizing text. The presented tokenizer lets the user define where token and sentence boundaries should be considered. These instances are then judged by a classifier which is trained from provided tokenized data. The features passed to the classifier are also defined by the user making, e.g., the inclusion of abbreviation lists trivial. This level of customizability makes the tokenizer a versatile tool which we show is capable of sentence detection in English text as well as

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Chen, Sijia. "The process of note-taking in consecutive interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 22, no. 1 (2020): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00036.che.

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Abstract This article reports the findings of an empirical study on the process of note-taking in consecutive interpreting (CI). The focus is on the data collected via digital pen recording and voice recording while professional interpreters performed CI between Chinese (L1) and English (L2). In both directions of interpreting, the study found that the interpreters preferred language to symbol and English to Chinese. It was also found that the physical and temporal demands of symbol and abbreviation notes were lower than those of language and full word notes, respectively, whereas the ear-pen

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Ван, Синхуа, and Анна Владимировна Курьянович. "METHODS FOR SUPPLYING RUSSIAN AND CHINESE YOUTH JARGON: COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF DEPENDENCE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(210) (July 27, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-4-54-62.

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Введение. В XXI в. все языки мира претерпевают коренные изменения в своем лексическом составе. В связи с необходимостью номинации новых понятий, явлений и предметов в процессе познания и освоения постоянно изменяющегося окружающего мира лексический фонд языков обогащается за счет возникновения новой лексики, среди которой в достаточном количестве присутствуют жаргонные слова. Молодежный жаргон – интереснейший языковой феномен как в русском, так и в китайском языках, практически параллельно развивающийся в двух совершенно разных языковых системах и лингвокультурах. Материал и методы. Анализирую

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Li. "Valuing Acute Health Risks of Air Pollution in the Jinchuan Mining Area, China: A Choice Experiment with Perceived Exposure and Hazardousness as Co-Determinants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 4563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224563.

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This paper analyzes the choice of illness-cure combinations to estimate people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for the reduction of acute health risks correlated with air pollution caused by mining and smelting in the Jinchuan mining area, China. To improve explaining the power of choice experiment (CE), a random parameter logit model (RPL) was employed and extended by considering rank ordered choice sets and non-linear effects of health risk perception on choice behaviors. The results of this study indicated that the ordered RPL approach produced better results than the unordered alternative after

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Bodde, Derk. "Soviet Studies of Premodern China: Assessments of Recent Scholarship. Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1984. (Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies, no. 50.) ix, 247 pp. Appendixes, Notes, Index of Soviet Specialists on China, General Index. $17.50 (cloth); $9 (paper). - Konfutsianstvo i Legism v Politicheskoi Istorii Kitaya [Confucianism and Legalism in the Political History of China]. By L. S. Perelomov. Moscow: Izdatelstvo “Nauka” (“Nauka” Publishing House), Glavnaya Redaktsia Vostochnoi Literatury (Main Editorial Office of Oriental Literature), 1981. 333 pp. Notes, List of Abbreviations, Bibliography, Index of Names. Rubles 2.40. 5,000 copies." Journal of Asian Studies 44, no. 4 (1985): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056468.

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