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Journal articles on the topic 'ABC history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Dassa, Elie. "Natural history of ABC systems: not only transporters." Essays in Biochemistry 50 (September 7, 2011): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0500019.

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In recent years, our understanding of the functioning of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) systems has been boosted by the combination of biochemical and structural approaches. However, the origin and the distribution of ABC proteins among living organisms are difficult to understand in a phylogenetic perspective, because it is hard to discriminate orthology and paralogy, due to the existence of horizontal gene transfer. In this chapter, I present an update of the classification of ABC systems and discuss a hypothetical scenario of their evolution. The hypothetical presence of ABC ATPases in the last common ancestor of modern organisms is discussed, as well as the additional possibility that ABC systems might have been transmitted to eukaryotes, after the two endosymbiosis events that led to the constitution of eukaryotic organelles. I update the functional information of selected ABC systems and introduce new families of ABC proteins that have been included recently into this vast superfamily, thanks to the availability of high-resolution three-dimensional structures.

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Lima, Vagner Loduca. "ABC Ophthalmology, 46 years of history." ABCS Health Sciences 45, Suppl.3 (December 28, 2020): e020101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.2020s01.1848.

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3

Elkington, A. R., and P. T. Khaw. "ABC of eyes. History and examination." BMJ 297, no. 6644 (July 30, 1988): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6644.347.

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4

Burns, Maureen. "ABC Online: A Prehistory." Media International Australia 97, no. 1 (November 2000): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009700112.

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This article analyses how ABC Online's early history might be used for thinking about future directions. While this history is contingent, it nevertheless leaves traces in the current structure which will affect decision-making about the future of ABC Online. There is no doubt that ABC Online is valuable. The question is how to exploit that value.

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Sayyafzadeh, Mohammad, Manouchehr Haghighi, Keivan Bolouri, and Elaheh Arjomand. "Reservoir characterisation using artificial bee colony optimisation." APPEA Journal 52, no. 1 (2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11009.

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To obtain an accurate estimation of reservoir performance, the reservoir should be properly characterised. One of the main stages of reservoir characterisation is the calibration of rock property distributions with flow performance observation, which is known as history matching. The history matching procedure consists of three distinct steps: parameterisation, regularisation and optimisation. In this study, a Bayesian framework and a pilot-point approach for regularisation and parameterisation are used. The major focus of this paper is optimisation, which plays a crucial role in the reliability and quality of history matching. Several optimisation methods have been studied for history matching, including genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony, particle swarm (PS), Gauss-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt and Limited-memory, Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno. One of the most recent optimisation algorithms used in different fields is artificial bee colony (ABC). In this study, the application of ABC in history matching is investigated for the first time. ABC is derived from the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey bees. A colony of honey bees is comprised of employed bees, onlookers and scouts. Employed bees look for food sources based on their knowledge, onlookers make decisions for foraging using employed bees’ observations, and scouts search for food randomly. To investigate the application of ABC in history matching, its results for two different synthetic cases are compared with the outcomes of three different optimisation methods: real-valued GA, simulated annealing (SA), and pre-conditioned steepest descent. In the first case, history matching using ABC afforded a better result than GA and SA. ABC reached a lower fitness value in a reasonable number of evaluations, which indicates the performance and execution-time capability of the method. ABC did not appear as efficient as PSD in the first case. In the second case, SA and PDS did not perform acceptably. GA achieved a better result in comparison to SA and PSD, but its results were not as superior as ABC’s. ABC is not concerned with the shape of the landscape; that is, whether it is smooth or rugged. Since there is no precise information about the landscape shape of the history matching function, it can be concluded that by using ABC, there is a high chance of providing high-quality history matching and reservoir characterisation.

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Helgason, Jon. "Why ABC Matters: Lexicography and Literary History." Culture Unbound 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2010): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10230515.

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The purpose of this article is twofold. First, I wish to discuss the origins of The Swedish Academy Dictionary against the backdrop of the social and cultural history of lexicography in 18th and 19th century Europe. Second, to consider material aspects of lexicography – the dictionary as interface – in light of German media scientist Friedrich Kittler’s “media materialism”. Ultimately, both purposes intend to describe how letters and writing have been constructed and arranged through-out the course of history. In Kittler’s view, “the intimization of literature”, that took place during second half of the 18th century, brought about a fundamental change in the way language and text were perceived. However, parallel to this development an institutionalization and disciplining of language and literature took place. The rise of modern society, the nation state, print capitalism and modern science in 18th century Europe necessitated (and were furthered by) a disciplining of language and literature. This era was for these reasons a golden age for lexicographers and scholars whose work focused on the vernacular. In this article the rise of the alphabetically ordered dictionary and the corresponding downfall of the topical dictionary that occurred around 1700 is regarded as a technological threshold. This development is interesting not only within the field of history of lexicography, but arguably also, since information and thought are connected to the basic principles of mediality, this development has bearings on the epistemo-logical revolution of the 18th century witnessed in, among other things, Enlightenment thought and literature.

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7

Davis, R. C. "ABC of heart failure: History and epidemiology." BMJ 320, no. 7226 (January 1, 2000): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7226.39.

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8

da Costa, Kelli Monteiro, Raphael do Carmo Valente, Leonardo Marques da Fonseca, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima, Jose Osvaldo Previato, and Lucia Mendonça-Previato. "The History of the ABC Proteins in Human Trypanosomiasis Pathogens." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090988.

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Human trypanosomiasis affects nearly eight million people worldwide, causing great economic and social impact, mainly in endemic areas. T. cruzi and T. brucei are protozoan parasites that present efficient mechanisms of immune system evasion, leading to disease chronification. Currently, there is no vaccine, and chemotherapy is effective only in the absence of severe clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, resistant phenotypes to chemotherapy have been described in protozoan parasites, associated with cross-resistance to other chemically unrelated drugs. Multidrug resistance is multifactorial, involving: (i) drug entry, (ii) activation, (iii) metabolism and (iv) efflux pathways. In this context, ABC transporters, initially discovered in resistant tumor cells, have drawn attention in protozoan parasites, owing to their ability to decrease drug accumulation, thus mitigating their toxic effects. The discovery of these transporters in the Trypanosomatidae family started in the 1990s; however, few members were described and functionally characterized. This review contains a brief history of the main ABC transporters involved in resistance that propelled their investigation in Trypanosoma species, the main efflux modulators, as well as ABC genes described in T. cruzi and T. brucei according to the nomenclature HUGO. We hope to convey the importance that ABC transporters play in parasite physiology and chemotherapy resistance.

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9

Hamilton, Val. "A Dictionary of Family History: The Genealogists’ ABC." Reference Reviews 31, no. 8 (October 16, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-06-2017-0134.

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10

Tomlinson, J. "ABC of sexual health: Taking a sexual history." BMJ 317, no. 7172 (December 5, 1998): 1573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7172.1573.

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11

Lih, Lars T. "The Mystery of the ABC." Slavic Review 56, no. 1 (1997): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500655.

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Bukharin in 1917-1920 was one of those who suggested an extremely radical line of instant socialism… a Utopian and optimistic set of ideas concerning a leap into socialism, which would seem to have little to do with the reality of hunger and cold.Alec Nove, An Economic History of the USSR, 1969

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12

Hochman, Barbara. "Reading Culture Through the ABC." American Quarterly 54, no. 3 (2002): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2002.0024.

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13

YALÇIN, N. Feyza, and Şerife BÜYÜKKÖSE. "Skew ABC energy of digraphs." Communications Faculty Of Science University of Ankara Series A1Mathematics and Statistics 71, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31801/cfsuasmas.951302.

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In this paper, skew ABC matrix and its energy are introduced for digraphs. Firstly, some fundamental spectral features of the skew ABC matrix of digraphs are established. Then some upper and lower bounds are presented for the skew ABC energy of digraphs. Further extremal digraphs are determined attaining these bounds.

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14

Supeno, Bana. "The Presence of Portuguese and Indonesia in Timor Leste as Depicted by Australian and British Broadcasting Corporation." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2020.11.1.69-82.

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The discussion in this paper is intended to describe how Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) views Timor Leste during the period of Portuguese occupation, Indonesia’s presence, until the present-day conditions. Using some van Dijk’s models of CDA to examine the statements to represent its history in some editorials published by ABC and BBC news resources, the analysis was carried out at the levels of selected statements with regard to the linguistic features of lexical choices, nominalization, passivization, and overcompleteness. The results of the analysis show that the statements constructed by ABC and BBC’s news editorials as the news discourse about the history of Timor Leste in such relations are discursively biased in terms of CDA. With various differences in terms of the linguistic features, the result also in line with the view that both ABC and BBC’s statements are mostly dichotomizing Portuguese into ‘Us’ while Indonesia into ‘Them’ in terms of van Dijk’s ‘ideological square’.

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15

Adler, M. W. "ABC of AIDS. Range and natural history of infection." BMJ 294, no. 6580 (May 2, 1987): 1145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6580.1145.

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16

Bagne, Mary, Mia Bay, Jane Daily, Christopher R. Reed, and Christopher Waldrep. "2003 Oah Abc-Clio America: History and Life Award." Journal of Urban History 29, no. 1 (November 2002): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144202029001007.

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17

Clarke, Michael G., Marlene Barr, and Michael Booth. "ABC approach to history taking in the bariatric patient." ANZ Journal of Surgery 82, no. 3 (March 2012): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2011.05980.x.

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18

Wilson, J. N. "The history of the ABC club of travelling fellows." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 80-B, no. 4 (July 1998): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.0800748a.

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19

Burns, Maureen. "A Brief History of Science Communication in Australia." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000116.

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Early science reporting in Australia – up to and including the 1940s – was often sourced from overseas. During and after World War II, attention turned to applied science, at first for the war effort and afterwards to rebuild the nation. From the late 1950s to the late 1970s, entrepreneurs in science and media in Sydney worked together to provide science material in commercial outlets as well as for the ABC. In the context of the space race, the Cold War and atomic energy, science communication flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. Since then, science content has been widespread in the television schedules of commercial networks in forms such as children's television, lifestyle programs and news items, and is also apparent in community radio schedules as well as on ABC television and radio. Claims that Australia has little science communication may be based on too narrow a view of what constitutes science content.

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20

Camelo-Castillo, Anny, José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, Francisco Marín, Vicente Vicente, Gregory Y. H. Lip, and Vanessa Roldán. "Predicting Adverse Events beyond Stroke and Bleeding with the ABC-Stroke and ABC-Bleeding Scores in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Murcia AF Project." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 120, no. 08 (June 7, 2020): 1200–1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712914.

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Abstract Background The ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history)-stroke and ABC-bleeding are biomarker-based scores proposed to predict stroke and bleeding, but non-specificity of biomarkers is common, predicting different clinical events at the same time. We assessed the predictive performance of the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores, for outcomes beyond ischemic stroke and major bleeding, in a cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods We included AF patients stable on vitamin K antagonists for 6 months. The ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding were calculated and the predictive values for myocardial infarction (MI), acute heart failure (HF), a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths were compared. Results We included 1,044 patients (49.2% male; median age 76 [71–81] years). During 6.5 (4.3–7.9) years, there were 58 (5.6%) MIs, 98 (9.4%) acute HFs, 167 (16%) cardiovascular events, and 418 (40%) all-cause deaths. There were no differences in mean ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores in patients with/without MI (p = 0.367 and p = 0.286, respectively); both scores were higher in patients with acute HF, cardiovascular events, or death (all p < 0.05). Predictive performances for the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores were similar, ranging from “poor” for MI (c-indexes ∼0.54), “moderate” for acute HF and cardiovascular events (c-indexes ∼0.60 and ∼0.64, respectively), and “good” for all-cause mortality (c-indexes > 0.70). Clinical usefulness whether assessed by ABC-stroke or ABC-bleeding was similar for various primary endpoints. Conclusion In AF patients, the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores demonstrated similar predictive ability for outcomes beyond stroke and bleeding, including MI, acute HF, a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths. This is consistent with nonspecificity of biomarkers that predict “sick” patients or poor prognosis overall.

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Wood, Tyler A., Douglas A. Wajda, and Jacob J. Sosnoff. "Use of a Short Version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2017-047.

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Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that results in balance and mobility impairments that are associated with elevated fall risk. One common patient-reported outcome measure of balance is the 16-item Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. The ABC scale is valid and reliable in assessing balance confidence in people with MS. However, a shorter, six-question version of the ABC scale, the ABC-6 scale, has been proposed to save time in a clinical setting. Thus, we assessed the convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of the ABC-6 scale in people with MS. Methods: A total of 221 participants were included in this secondary analysis to compare the ABC-6 scale with the ABC scale. Convergent validity and internal consistency reliability were applied to participants based on fall history and physiological fall risk. Results: Statistical analysis indicated a main effect of group of the ABC and ABC-6 scales (P < .001). Both scales showed good to very good internal consistency (Cronbach α range, 0.832–0.975) and good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient score range, 0.888–0.941). Furthermore, both versions had moderate convergent validity. Sensitivity ranged from 30% to 97%, and specificity ranged from 64% to 100% across groups tested. Conclusions: The ABC and ABC-6 scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and moderate convergent validity in predicting balance confidence in people with MS. However, poor sensitivity of both versions in distinguishing between MS groups at risk for falls may call into question the usefulness of this self-report measure.

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Li, Hao, Yuan Cui, Jin Tian, Hong Yang, Qing Zhang, Ke Wang, Qinghua Han, and Yanbo Zhang. "A novel age-biomarker-clinical history prognostic index for heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0209.

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AbstractPurposeA model for predicting the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) is currently not available. This study aimed to develop an age-biomarker-clinical history prognostic index (ABC-PI) and validate it for the assessment of individual prognosis.Patients and methodsA total of 5,974 HFrEF patients were enrolled and 1,529 were included in this study after excluding missing values and loss to follow-up. Variables that significantly contributed to prediction of all-cause mortality were assessed by Cox regression and latent trait analysis (LTA) was used to validate discrimination of variables.ResultsAfter Cox regression, the following seven most significant variables were selected: age, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, renal dysfunction, left ventricular mass index, percutaneous coronary intervention, atrial fibrillation, and New York Heart Association (C-index: 0.801 ± 0.013). After verification by LTA, discrimination of these seven variables was proven. A nomogram was used to form the ABC-PI, and then the total score was set to 100 points. A lower score indicated a higher risk. After verification, the 3-year mortality rate was 34.7% in the high-risk group and only 2.6% in the low-risk group.ConclusionOur novel ABC-PI shows a good performance and does not require re-input in the original model. The ABC-PI can be used to effectively and practically predict the prognosis of HFrEF patients.

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Reeling Brouwer, Rinse. "K.H. Miskotte, Bijbels ABC." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2020.1.004.reel.

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Abstract In the perspective of the forthcoming English translation of K.H. Miskotte’s Biblical ABC’s and therewith its foreseeable renewed appropriation, some aspects of this classical document in the Dutch history of theology deserve reconsideration. These aspects are successively: 1. Its genesis in a course for leaders of biblical reading groups in neighbourhoods all over the city of Amsterdam (1941), of which Miskotte himself afterwards didn’t have a correct recollection; 2. Its background both in the method of the discovery of the Leitwortstil (M. Buber) or the Formgeheimnis of Biblical narratives (F. Rosenzweig) and in the, at least in Miskotte’s perception, ‘Israelitish’ tendency of K. Barth’s doctrine of the divine perfections (1940); 3. Its earliest reception, in which J. Koopmans remarkably noticed, that ‘now’ (i.e. under the German occupation of the Netherlands) ‘we don’t have a Church anymore, apart from the form, in which she can be found in the Bible’; 4. Some characteristics of its post-war edition of 1966, revised by Miskotte himself, added utterances on new frontiers (e.g. questioning all authority, the ‘death of God’). With such a multi-layered text as its result, one can understand why the English translators return to the more unequivocal edition of 1941.

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Pol, Tymon, Ziad Hijazi, Johan Lindbäck, John H. Alexander, M. Cecilia Bahit, Raffaele De Caterina, JW Eikelboom, et al. "Evaluation of the prognostic value of GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death score in patients with atrial fibrillation across different geographical areas." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (March 2021): e001471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001471.

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ObjectivesGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker independently associated with bleeding and death in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). GDF-15 is also used as one component in the more precise biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores. Data from large trials indicate a geographic variability in regard to overall outcomes, including bleeding and mortality risk. Our aim was to assess the consistency of the association between GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death score, with major bleeding and death, across world geographic regions.MethodsData were available from 14 767 patients with AF from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial and 8651 patients with AF from the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial in this cohort study. GDF-15 was analysed from plasma samples obtained at randomisation. The geographical consistency of the associations between outcomes and GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death scores were assessed by Cox-regression models including interactions with predefined geographical region.ResultsGDF-15 and the ABC-AF-bleeding score were associated with major bleeding in both trials across regions (p<0.0001). Similarly, GDF-15 and the ABC-AF-death score were associated with all-cause mortality in both trials across regions (p<0.0001). Overall, the association between GDF-15, the ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death risk score with major bleeding and death was consistent across regions in both ARISTOTLE and the RE-LY trial cohorts. The ABC-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores were consistent regarding discriminative ability when comparing geographic regions in both trial cohorts. The C-indices ranged from 0.649 to 0.760 for the ABC-AF-bleeding and from 0.677 to 0.806 for the ABC-AF-death score by different geographic regions.ConclusionsIn patients with AF on anticoagulation, GDF-15 and the biomarker-based ABC-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores are consistently associated with respectively increased risk of major bleeding and death and have similar prognostic value across world geographic regions.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT00412984 and NCT00262600.

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O, U. Fan, Tou Kun Chong, Yulin Wei, Cheok Ian Lo, and Wei Wu. "Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Based ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History)-AF (Atrial Fibrillation)-Bleeding Risk Score for Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2863815.

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Background. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a strong predictor of bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The novel ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history), AF, and bleeding risk score outperforms HAS-BLED bleeding risk score for major bleeding (MB) in patients with AF receiving oral anti-coagulation in the clinical trial cohort. However, it has not been entirely externally validated. We aimed to refine and understand the application of the ABC-AF bleeding risk score in elderly (aged ≥65 years old) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) for predicting the different types of bleeding events and anti-thrombotic treatments. Methods. We identified elderly patients with NVAF between March 2018 and December 2019 who were hospitalized for the first time after a diagnosis of NVAF. We measured the plasma concentration of the ABC biomarkers (growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and cardiac troponin-T (cTnT)) from enrolled patients. We collected their general information and follow up for one year until December 2020. During the follow-up period, information on the occurrence of bleeding events (major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor gastrointestinal bleeding (CRNM GIB), and minor bleeding events) was collected. Results. We enrolled 342 elderly NAVF patients; the ABC-AF bleeding and HAS-BLED scores were quantified. With an average of 1.5 years of follow-up, 6 patients had an intracranial hemorrhage; 57 patients had CRNM GIB; and 68 patients had minor bleeding events (36 fecal occult blood positive and 32 other minor bleeding events). The ABC-AF bleeding score yielded a C-index of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.84) for predicting MB in elderly patients with NAVF, C-index of 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.82) by HAS-BLED score. Comparison of the incidence of bleeding events during follow-up and the predicted 1-year incidence of bleeding events by each bleeding risk score, ABC-AF bleeding, and HAS-BLED scores have similar value in predicting the risk for elderly patients with NAVF in different types of bleeding events, whether on oral anti-coagulation treatment (OAC) or non-OAC (P > 0.05). Conclusion. In elderly patients with NVAF, the biomarker-based ABC-AF bleeding score showed similar performance compared with the HAS-BLED bleeding risk score.

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Lux, Michael P., Katie Lewis, Alex Rider, and Alexander Niyazov. "Real-world multi-country study of BRCA1/2 mutation testing among adult women with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer." Future Oncology 18, no. 9 (March 2022): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2021-1387.

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Aim: We assessed real-world patient demographics and BRCA1/2 mutation testing rates among adult women with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC). Methods: Oncologists across the USA and in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK provided medical chart data in 2015 and 2017. Results: Overall, 28% of patients received BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Untested patients were more likely to be aged ≥45 years, have hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative ABC and have no known family history of breast/ovarian cancer. BRCA1/2 mutation testing rates were significantly lower in the European countries, women aged ≥45 years, women without a known family history of breast/ovarian cancer, and women with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative ABC versus advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusion: BRCA1/2 mutation testing rates were low, and disparities were observed in patient characteristics among BRCA1/2 mutation-tested versus untested patients.

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Kawaguchi, Hidetoshi, Norikazu Masuda, Takahiro Nakayama, Kenjiro Aogi, Keisei Anan, Yoshinori Ito, Shoichiro Ohtani, et al. "Factors associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer using real-world data: a follow-up analysis of the JBCRG-C06 Safari study." Breast Cancer 27, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12282-019-01029-3.

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Abstract Background Assessing survival risk is important for discussing treatment options with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients. However, there are few reports from large-scale databases on the survival risk factors in ER+ ABC. The Safari study (UMIN000015168) was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study involving 1072 Japanese patients receiving fulvestrant 500 mg mostly as a second- or later-line endocrine therapy for ER+ ABC. The follow-up data after the Safari study were examined, focusing on any relationship between clinicopathological factors and overall survival (OS) in ER+ ABC patients. Methods OS in patients with ER+ ABC was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses with a Cox proportional hazards model in this study. Results A total of 1031 cases were evaluable for OS analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (< 60 years), longer time from ABC diagnosis to fulvestrant use (≥ 3 years), no prior palliative chemotherapy before fulvestrant use, and progesterone receptor (PgR) negativity (PgR−) were significantly correlated with prolonged OS (median 7.0 years). For cases with histological or nuclear grade data, lower histological or nuclear grades were also correlated with longer OS. In recurrent metastatic cases, long disease-free interval (DFI) was not correlated with longer OS. Conclusions In ER+ ABC patients whose treatment history included fulvestrant, younger age, longer time from ABC diagnosis to fulvestrant use, no prior palliative chemotherapy use, PgR−, and lower histological or nuclear grade correlated positively with prolonged OS.

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Benz, Alexander P., Ziad Hijazi, Johan Lindbäck, Stuart J. Connolly, John W. Eikelboom, Jonas Oldgren, Agneta Siegbahn, and Lars Wallentin. "Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction With the ABC-AF Scores in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Not Receiving Oral Anticoagulation." Circulation 143, no. 19 (May 11, 2021): 1863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.053100.

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Background: The novel ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History) scores outperform traditional risk scores for stroke, major bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation. To refine their utility, the ABC-AF scores needed to be validated in patients not receiving oral anticoagulation. Methods: We measured plasma levels of the ABC biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-T, and growth-differentiation factor 15) to apply the previously developed ABC-AF scores in patients with AF receiving aspirin (n=3195) or aspirin and clopidogrel (n=1110) in 2 large clinical trials. Calibration was assessed by comparing estimated with observed 1-year risks. Cox regression models were used for recalibration. Discrimination was evaluated separately for the aspirin-only and the overall cohort (n=4305). Results: The ABC-AF-stroke score yielded a c-index of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67–0.73) in both cohorts. The ABC-AF-bleeding score had a c-index of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71–0.81) in the aspirin-only cohort and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.69–0.77) overall. Both scores were superior to risk scores recommended by current guidelines. The ABC-AF-death score yielded a c-index of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.80) overall. Calibrated in patients receiving oral anticoagulation, the ABC-AF-stroke score underestimated and the ABC-AF-bleeding score overestimated the risk of events in both cohorts. These scores were recalibrated for prediction of absolute event rates in the absence of oral anticoagulation. Conclusions: The biomarker-based ABC-AF scores showed better discrimination than traditional risk scores and were recalibrated for precise risk estimation in patients not receiving oral anticoagulation. They can now provide improved decision support on treatment of an individual patient with AF.

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Burghardt, Gordon M. "A Brief Glimpse at the Long Evolutionary History of Play." Animal Behavior and Cognition 2, no. 2 (2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/abc.05.01.2014.

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Cheng, Jing, Mei Smyers, Matt Trotta, Neil M. Carleton, Lisa M. Maurer, Peter C. Lucas, and Linda M. McAllister-Lucas. "Abstract A18: GRK2, an inhibitor of MALT1-dependent oncogenic signaling, is downregulated by microRNA in ABC-DLBCL." Blood Cancer Discovery 3, no. 5_Supplement (September 6, 2022): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2643-3249.lymphoma22-a18.

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Abstract Introduction and Background: The “CBM” complex is composed of the scaffolding protein CARMA1, the adaptor protein BCL10, and the effector protein MALT1. This complex performs multiple pivotal functions as a mediator of antigen receptor-dependent induction of the NF-κB transcription factor and subsequent lymphocyte activation. The key downstream effector of the CBM complex, MALT1, regulates downstream signaling via both scaffolding and proteolytic functions. Inappropriate activation of MALT1, which can result from somatic gain-of-function mutation in upstream regulators of MALT1 or chromosomal translocation involving the MALT1 gene, underlies the pathogenesis of a variety of lymphoid malignancies including activated B cell type-diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. We recently discovered that G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) binds to MALT1 and inhibits MALT1 scaffold and proteolytic activities. Further, we found that knockdown of GRK2 in ABC-DLBCL enhances tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that GRK2 may act as a tumor suppressor in MALT1-dependent lymphomas. Interestingly, we found that GRK2 mRNA levels are markedly lower in a subset of DLBCL cases in comparison to normal B-cell controls and that lower GRK2 level is associated with reduced survival in ABC-DLBCL patients. We thus sought to investigate how GRK2 expression is regulated in ABC-DLBCL. Methods and Results: We first investigated whether mutations/deletions in the ADRBK1 gene (GRK2) account for the lower levels of GRK2 expression in a subset of DLBCL cases. Only one mutation among 6 published DLBCL sequencing datasets (334 cases total) was identified. We next considered that other mechanisms, such as regulation by microRNA (miRNA), could play a role in downregulating GRK2. Using DICER-deficient HEK 293T cells, we demonstrated that GRK2 protein level significantly increases when miRNA processing is impaired. We then used mirDIP, a microRNA Data Integration Portal, to screen for candidate miRNAs predicted to target the 3’UTR of GRK2. We identified 4 top candidate hits, 2 of which were also identified in bioinformatic analysis as miRNA whose level inversely correlates with GRK2 mRNA level in ABC-DLBCL patient tumor specimens. Using a GRK2 3’ UTR reporter system, we confirmed direct targeting of GRK2 by these miRNAs. Next, we generated stable ABC-DLBCL cell lines (TMD8, OCI-Ly3) overexpressing candidate miRNAs. Our results demonstrate that candidate miRNA overexpression results in reduced GRK2 expression and increased MALT1 scaffolding and proteolytic activities, NF-κB transcriptional activity and ABC-DLBCL cell proliferation. Conclusions: Together, our data suggest that miRNAs down-regulate expression of GRK2 in ABC-DLBCL which in turn enhances MALT1 scaffolding and proteolytic activities, leading to increased tumor cell proliferation. Future studies are aimed at identifying potential miRNA inhibitors which enhance GRK2 expression and thereby suppress MALT1 pro-tumorigenic activity in ABC-DLBCL. Citation Format: Jing Cheng, Mei Smyers, Matt Trotta, Neil M Carleton, Lisa M Maurer, Peter C Lucas, Linda M McAllister-Lucas. GRK2, an inhibitor of MALT1-dependent oncogenic signaling, is downregulated by microRNA in ABC-DLBCL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2022 Jun 23-26; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2022;3(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A18.

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Gálvez Biesca, Sergio. "ABC frente a las huelgas generales en la época socialista en España, 1985-1994: imaginario, tópicos, prejuicios de clase e información periodística." Historia Y MEMORIA, no. 22 (January 1, 2021): 77–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n22.2021.12096.

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El presente artículo propone un estudio de caso inédito, en torno a la estrategia y la línea editorial del ABC frente a las huelgas generales convocadas por las principales centrales sindicales durante la primera época socialista en España (1982-1996). Dentro de este marco contextual, se examinan las potencialidades y las dificultades de emplear los medios de comunicación como fuentes históricas, a través de las cuales se puede leer un contexto, ubicar series y, entre otras, conocer expresiones de la sociedad en un momento determinado. Por último, el texto cuestiona determinadas ideas-fuerzas sobre el supuesto carácter de medio riguroso y serio del ABC, como expresión social la presa está cargada de parámetros ideológicos, identiarios, que pueden leerse en los editoriales, que para el caso que nos ocupa refleja los intereses de las éliteseconómicas españolas.

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Lin, Caijin, Jiayi Wu, Shuning Ding, Chihwan Goh, Lisa Andriani, Kunwei Shen, and Li Zhu. "Impact of Prior Cancer History on the Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score–Adjusted, Population-Based Study." Cancer Research and Treatment 52, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.210.

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PurposeDespite the rapid growing of cancer survivors, prior cancer history is a commonly adopted exclusion criterion. Whether prior cancer will impact the survival of patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) remains uncertain.Materials and MethodsPatients with ABC diagnosed between 2004 and 2010 were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Timing, stage, and type were used to characterize prior cancer. Multivariable analyses using propensity score–adjusted Cox regression and competing risk regression were conducted to evaluate the prognostic effect of prior cancer on overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).ResultsA total of 14,176 ABC patients were identified, of whom 10.5% carried a prior cancer history. The most common type of prior cancer was female genital cancer (32.4%); more than half (51.7%) were diagnosed at localized stage; most were diagnosed more than 5 years (42.9%) or less than 1 year (28.3%) prior to the index cancer. In multivariate analyses, patients with prior cancer presented a slightly worse OS (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.30; p=0.001) but a better BCSS (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.74; p < 0.001). In subset analyses, no survival detriment was observed in patients with prior malignancy from head and neck or endocrine system, at in situ or localized stage, or diagnosed more than 4 years.ConclusionPrior cancer provides an inferior OS but a superior BCSS for patients with ABC. It does not affect the survival adversely in some subgroups and these patients should not be excluded from clinical trials.

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Yesyunin, Egor A. "ABCs of the Revolution." Observatory of Culture 17, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-3-278-291.

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The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

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Kont, Kate-Riin, and Signe Jantson. "Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC): Applicable Methods for University Libraries?" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8gg8z.

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Objective – This article provides an overview of how university libraries research and adapt new cost accounting models, such as “activity-based costing” (ABC) and “time-driven activity-based costing” (TDABC), focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of both methods to determine which of these two is suitable for application in university libraries. Methods – This paper reviews and summarizes the literature on cost accounting and costing practices of university libraries. A brief overview of the history of cost accounting, costing, and time and motion studies in libraries is also provided. The ABC and the TDABC method, designed as a revised and easier version of the ABC by Kaplan and Anderson (Kaplan & Anderson 2004) at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as the adoption and adaptation of these methods by university libraries are described, and their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their suitability for university libraries, are analyzed. Results – Cost accounting and costing studies in libraries have a long history, the first of these dating back to 1877. The development of cost accounting and time and motion studies can be seen as a natural evolution of techniques which were created to solve management problems. The ABC method is the best-known management accounting innovation of the last 20 years, and is already widely used in university libraries around the world. However, setting up an ABC system can be very costly, and the system needs to be regularly updated, which further increases its costs. The TDABC system can not only be implemented more quickly (and thus more cheaply), but also can be updated more easily than the traditional ABC, which makes the TDABC the more suitable method for university libraries. Conclusion – Both methods are suitable for university libraries. However, the ABC method can only be implemented in collaboration with an accounting department. The TDABC method can be tested and implemented by separate departments, and thus can contribute to the provision of better and more effective library services at lower costs. However, the involvement of experts in costing and accounting is recommended.

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Lip, G. Y. H., and D. G. Beevers. "ABC of Atrial Fibrillation: HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND IMPORTANCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION." BMJ 311, no. 7016 (November 18, 1995): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1361.

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Mindel, A. "ABC of AIDS: Natural history and management of early HIV infection." BMJ 322, no. 7297 (May 26, 2001): 1290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1290.

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Lucas, Jack. "Berlin, Ontario, in the Age of the ABC." Urban History Review 41, no. 2 (March 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/uhr.41.02.02.

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Lucas, Jack. "Berlin, Ontario, in the Age of the ABC." Articles 41, no. 2 (May 6, 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015378ar.

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Between 1890 and 1910, the town of Berlin, Ontario, adopted special-purpose bodies, such as water commissions and park boards, with enthusiasm. Why did Berlin’s civic leaders respond to these institutions so enthusiastically? This paper suggests that internal diffusion, fuelled by an argument about municipal capacity, was at work in Berlin at the time. The paper also critically examines two alternative explanations for the town’s enthusiasm, one grounded in Wilsonian reform, and the other in elite self-insulation.

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Yardley, Denise Aysel, Mario Campone, Fabienne Lebrun, Shinzaburo Noguchi, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Howard A. Burris, J. Thaddeus Beck, et al. "Characterization of patients who received prior chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer (ABC) in BOLERO-2." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2013): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.151.

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151 Background: In patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer, endocrine therapy is the standard of care both in the adjuvant setting and as front-line therapy for ABC. Chemotherapy (CT) is commonly used for HR+ ABC patients if disease burden is high and rapid symptom control is required (Barrios CH. GAMO. 2010). In the phase III BOLERO-2 study (NCT00863655), first-line of prior CT in the ABC setting was allowed. This subset analysis examined disease characteristics and the efficacy of everolimus (EVE) + exemestane (EXE) in patients who received CT for ABC prior to BOLERO-2 study entry. Methods: In BOLERO-2, 724 patients with HR+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) ABC whose disease recurred or progressed during/after a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor were randomized 2:1 to EVE (10 mg/d) + EXE (25 mg/d) or placebo (PBO) + EXE. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) by local investigator review (confirmed by blinded independent central review). Results: A total of 186 patients (26%) received prior CT for ABC (125 in the EVE + EXE group and 61 in PBO + EXE). In this subset, 54% (67 of 125) of EVE+ EXE patients received prior CT in the advanced setting only while 46% (58 of 125) of EVE + EXE patients received prior CT in both the neoadjuvant/adjuvant and advanced settings. Visceral metastases (67% vs. 56%), multiple metastases (79% vs. 66%), and ≥ 4 metastatic sites (18% vs. 15%) were more frequent in ABC patients with prior CT for ABC at study entry compared with those with no prior CT for ABC. History of disease recurrence <6 months from initial diagnosis was recorded in 32% (n = 60) of prior CT patients versus 17% (n = 93) of patients with no prior CT. Median PFS (by local assessment) in patients who received prior CT for ABC was substantially longer with EVE + EXE versus PBO + EXE (6.1 vs. 2.7 mo; hazard ratio = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27-0.53). PFS by central review showed similar results (7.1 vs. 2.8 mo, respectively; hazard ratio = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27-0.65). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that patients with HR+, HER2 ABC who received previous CT in the advanced setting had a higher tumor burden but derived significant and clinically meaningful benefit from combination therapy with EVE + EXE. Clinical trial information: NCT00863655.

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Yadchenko, E. S., I. D. Shlyaga, D. D. Radzko, and A. V. Novik. "Complicated aneurysmal bone cyst of the paranasal sinuses in a 9-year-old child." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-3-19.

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Objective. To analyze a rare clinical case of the aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the paranasal sinuses in a 9-year-old patient.Materials and methods. We studied the data of the anamnesis, diagnostic and treatment methods contained in the medical history of the inpatient. We examined the patient and kept her under clinical observation during the process of the examination and treatment.Results. The fnal diagnosis of the ABC of the paranasal sinuses in the 9-year-old patient was verifed after the obtainment of the results of the performed clinical and morphological studies. The neoplasm was surgically removed. One year after the surgery, the MRI investigation showed no relapse. The child is in a fair condition.Conclusion. To diagnose an ABC, it is required to perform a histological examination of the tumor including the use of immunohistochemical methods.

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Fulton, Graham R. "The Water Dreamers: The Remarkable History of Our Dry Continent." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 3 (2012): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130218.

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MICHAEL Cathcart was born in Melbourne. He teaches Australian History at the University of Melbourne and has presented various shows on ABC radio and television. I have spent many mornings listening to him on Radio National where he brings knowledge and fairness to his interviews, furthering my belief that academics need more media exposure– –all credit to him. He has published broadly including an abridgement of Manning Clark’s epic A History of Australia and an anthology of Australian Speeches.

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Journalists, Paraguayan. "ABC Color & Radio Nanduti." Index on Censorship 16, no. 4 (April 1987): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642208701600407.

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Feng, Yi, Qiran Sun, Guifen Zhang, Ting Wu, Xinzhong Zhang, Xuefeng Xu, Zhenhai Han, and Yi Wang. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of ABC Transporters in Nine Rosaceae Species Identifying MdABCG28 as a Possible Cytokinin Transporter linked to Dwarfing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 5783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225783.

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large, diverse, and ubiquitous superfamily that is involved in a broad range of processes. The completion of genome sequencing provides an opportunity to understand the phylogenetic history of the ABC transporter superfamily among Rosaceae species. This study identified a total of 1323 ABC transporter genes from nine Rosaceae genomes: 191 from Malus domestica, 174 from Pyrus communis, 138 from Prunus persica, 118 from Prunus avium, 141 from Prunus dulcis, 122 from Fragaria vesca, 98 from Rubus occidentalis, 162 from Prunus mume, and 179 from Rosa chinensis. Their chemical characterization, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal localization, gene structure, gene duplication, and tissue-specific expression were studied. Their subcellular localization, transmembrane structures, and protein motifs were predicted. All the ABC transporter genes were grouped into eight subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Furthermore, cis-element and expression analysis of 10 potential phytohormone transporters in MdABCG subfamily genes were also performed. Loss of the W-box in the promoter region of MdABCG28 was found to reduce the gene expression level and was linked to the dwarfing phenotype in apple rootstocks. MdABCG28 overexpression promoted shoot growth of atabcg14 mutants in Arabidopsis.

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Razavi, Pedram, Rohan C. Parikh, Barbara Acevedo, Abigail Hitchens, Mehnaj Ahmed, Anton Safonov, Emanuela Ferraro, et al. "Abstract P1-18-18: Real-world natural history data among patients with PIK3CA-mutant and PIK3CA-wild-type advanced breast cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P1–18–18—P1–18–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p1-18-18.

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Abstract Background: Oncogenic mutations involving PIK3CA gene (PI3Kα) are observed in over 40% of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Clinical efficacy of PI3K inhibition was demonstrated in a recent trial, but data on the natural history of disease by PIK3CA status are limited in ABC. We assessed patient and disease characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes among patients with ABC treated at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in the United States, prior to the clinical availability of alpelisib (a PI3Kα inhibitor). Methods: A retrospective medical record review of adult patients diagnosed with HR+ and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) ABC between January 2014 and December 2018 was conducted. Data collection is ongoing and updated results will be presented. Cohorts were determined by eligible patients’ PIK3CA gene status (i.e., mutant or wild-type [WT]), and were frequency matched to have an equal distribution of the year of ABC diagnosis between cohorts. Study measures were descriptively summarized, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and left truncation-adjusted overall survival (OS), in months. To assess the association of PIK3CA mutation status on OS, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, race, stage at diagnosis, menopausal status, visceral disease, bone only disease, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score was computed. Additional adjustment on treatment modalities is planned. Results: Data for 249 PIK3CA-mutant and 143 PIK3CA-WT patients was analyzed. For the mutant cohort, the mean (SD) age was 59.0 (11.2) years, 80.7% were White, 30.9% were diagnosed with de novo ABC, and 54.6% were postmenopausal at initial BC diagnosis. Visceral- and bone only-disease were observed among 41.4% and 21.7% of patients, respectively. Among patients with a single PIK3CA mutation (n=220, 88.4%), the most common mutations were H1047R (37.3%), E545K (20.5%), and E542K (12.7%). Multiple PIK3CA mutations were observed in 29 (11.6%) patients. For the WT cohort, the mean (SD) age was 56.3 (12.1) years, 77.6% were White, 39.9% were diagnosed with de novo ABC, and 45.5% were postmenopausal at initial BC diagnosis. Visceral- and bone-only disease were observed among 51.8% and 16.8% of patients, respectively. Most common 1st-line treatments for ABC were cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) + aromatase inhibitor (AI) (mutant: 38.6%; WT: 40.6%), AI only (mutant: 21.3%; WT:22.4%), CDK4/6i + fulvestrant (mutant: 15.7%; WT: 7.7%), and chemotherapy-based regimens (mutant: 9.6%; WT: 11.2%). Chemotherapy-based regimens were the most common 2nd- (mutant: 25.6%; WT: 21.3%) and 3rd-line (mutant: 41.4%; WT: 33.9%) therapies for both cohorts. Results for PFS and OS are presented in Table 1, and the survival risk was similar for both cohorts (adjusted HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.88-1.60). Conclusion: In this preliminary analysis of HR+/HER2- ABC, CDK4/6i-based regimens were the most common 1st-line therapy, and PFS to 1st-3rd line therapies and OS were not statistically significantly different. The recent availability of PI3K inhibitor therapy may improve clinical outcomes among patients with PIK3CA-mutant tumors. Table 1.Progression-free Survival and Overall Survival Among Patients with HR+/HER2- ABC.PIK3CA MutantPIK3CA Wild-typeProgression-free Survival (months)1st line – all patients (n)249143Median (95% CI)12.4 (10.4-15.2)13.5 (10.3-16.0)1st line – CDK4/6i + AI (n)9658Median (95% CI)21.0 (17.0-27.9)19.1 (9.4-28.6)2nd line – all patients (n)211127Median (95% CI)7.3 (6.3-10.4)6.8 (5.4-8.8)2nd line – chemotherapy-based regimens (n)5427Median (95% CI)5.1 (3.7-6.3)5.2 (3.3-6.3)3rd line – all patients (n)186115Median (95% CI)4.5 (3.7-5.4)5.7 (4.7-8.9)3rd line – chemotherapy-based regimens (n)7739Median (95% CI)4.3 (3.0-5.1)4.7 (3.0-7.7)Overall Survival (months)Median (95% CI)47.4 (42.8-52.4)55.5 (44.9-61.9) Citation Format: Pedram Razavi, Rohan C Parikh, Barbara Acevedo, Abigail Hitchens, Mehnaj Ahmed, Anton Safonov, Emanuela Ferraro, Komal Jhaveri, Michelle Sidel, Stacey Simmons, Mark Robson, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Sanjeev Balu. Real-world natural history data among patients with PIK3CA-mutant and PIK3CA-wild-type advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-18-18.

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Gendron, Nicolas, Jean-Benoit Arlet, Pascale Gaussem, Isabelle Radford-Weiss, Sidonie Dupeux, Jérémie Rosain, Régis Peffault de La Tour, and Luc Darnige. "Hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency and personal history of deep vein thrombosis: consider paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria." Annales de biologie clinique 75, no. 5 (September 2017): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2017.1277.

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Dhúill, Caitríona Ní. "The ABC of Modern Biography by Nigel Hamilton and Hans Renders." Biography 44, no. 4 (2021): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2021.0041.

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Kaplanoğlu, Veysel, Deniz Sözmen Ciliz, Hatice Kaplanoğlu, and Eda Elverici. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Calcaneus." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 4 (October 31, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.143732.

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Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, non-neoplastic, expansile, vascular, locally destructive lesions. The lesion may arise de novo (65%) or secondarily (35%) in pre-existing benign or malignant lesions (giant cell tumor, osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, angioma, and others). The calcaneus is a rare localization for ABC, comprising only 1.6% of the cases. In this paper, we present a case of a female patient with a 3-month history of heel pain that got worse and was accompanied by swelling and difficulty in walking. The magnetic resonance images of the postero-lateral calcaneus showed a contrast-enhanced cystic lesion located in the medullary cavity; exophytic portion of the tumor extended into the soft tissue causing distinctive cortical thinning. Heterogeneous hyperintense septae formations and blood level components were also detected. After correlation with pathology results, the lesion was diagnosed as an ABC. Since an ABC of the calcaneus is a rarely seen phenomenon, we present the radiologic findings in this case and a review of the literature.

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Murray, Jacqui. "The Q Story: A Broadcast History of Queensland (1945–1946)." Queensland Review 4, no. 1 (April 1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132181660000129x.

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In 1945, as Australians unknowingly entered the last year of the Second World War, the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in Queensland undertook a unique radio history project that ran for two years. The original intention of the programme, as suggested by its title The Q Story, appears to have been propagandist and thus in keeping with official policy: to provide morale-boosting entertainment with a nationalist theme in the context of wartime. As the programme progressed, however, it appears to have developed an alternative legitimacy in response to public demand.

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Pasqualucci, Laura. "Epigenetic Rewiring of BCR Signaling as a Novel Mechanism of Ibrutinib Resistance in ABC-DLBCL." Blood Cancer Discovery 2, no. 6 (September 22, 2021): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0131.

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Abstract Summary: In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Schaffer and colleagues uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism of resistance to the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), whereby tumor cells rewire the B-cell receptor (BCR)–driven NF-κB signaling cascade through the small GTPase RAC2. This circuit can be efficiently targeted by RAC1/2 small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting a promising new therapeutic approach to overcome acquired ibrutinib resistance in ABC-DLBCL and possibly other B-cell malignancies relying on active BCR signaling. See related article by Shaffer et al., p. 630.

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Kiuchi, Yuya. "Abc Sports: The Rise and Fall of Network Sports Television." Journal of American History 106, no. 4 (March 1, 2020): 1123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz805.

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