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Sanchis, Pilar, Rosmeri Rivera, Regina Fortuny, Carlos Río, Miguel Mas-Gelabert, Marta Gonzalez-Freire, Felix Grases, and Luis Masmiquel. "Role of Advanced Glycation End Products on Aortic Calcification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061751.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This was a prospective cross-sectional study. One-hundred and four consecutive patients with DM2 were given lateral lumbar X-rays in order to quantify abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Circulating levels of AGEs and classical cardiovascular risk factors were determined. Clinical history was also registered. Patients with higher AGEs values had higher grades of aortic calcification and higher numbers of diabetic-related complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being older, male and having high levels of AGEs and triglycerides were the independent risk factors associated to moderate-severe AAC when compared to no-mild AAC. Our results suggest that AGEs plays a role in the pathogenesis of aortic calcifications. In addition, the measurement of AGEs levels may be useful for assessing the severity of AAC in the setting of diabetic complications.
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Wu, Chung-Kuan, Che-Yu Chiang, and Jun-Wei Hsieh. "Calculation of Aortic Arch Calcification Degree in Hemodialysis Patients Using Deep Learning." International Journal of Applied Sciences & Development 3 (October 8, 2024): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232029.2024.3.17.
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Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) is a common form of vascular calcification closely associated with atherosclerosis and serves as an important marker for measuring increased risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. Particularly in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and those undergoing dialysis, the risk of AAC significantly increases due to a combination of traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Therefore, developing a rapid and accurate method to assess the extent of AAC is crucial for preventing the progression of vascular calcification and the associated risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dialysis patients are required to undergo an abdominal X-ray annually, and the degree of calcification of the abdominal aorta is assessed manually through these X-ray images. However, these methods have limitations in identifying subtle calcifications in the abdominal aorta and the assessment process is time-consuming and depends on the experience and subjective judgment of physicians. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new method that incorporates deep learning technology to improve the accuracy of assessing the extent of AAC. Our method utilizes CNN models and attention modules to enhance the model's ability to recognize features of abdominal aortic calcification.
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Cai, Hong, Renhua Lu, Mingfang Zhang, Huihua Pang, Mingli Zhu, Weiming Zhang, Zhaohui Ni, Jiaqi Qian, and Yucheng Yan. "Serum Soluble Klotho Level Is Associated with Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis." Blood Purification 40, no. 2 (2015): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381937.
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Background: Klotho is a single transmembrane protein originally identified as an ‘aging suppressor'. Emerging evidence reveals that soluble Klotho (sKl) in the circulation plays important roles in anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and Wnt signaling. However, the role of serum sKl in the vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the associations of sKl with abdominal aortic calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: 129 MHD patients were enrolled prospectively. Serum sKl level was detected by ELISA. Abdominal aortic calcification was measured by abdomen lateral plain radiograph, and the abdominal aorta calcification (AAC) score was calculated. The sKl levels were observed in patients with different degrees of calcification. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factor of abdominal aortic calcification in MHD patients. The diagnostic value of sKl for abdominal aortic calcification was assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC). Results: Abdominal aortic calcification was seen in 87 of 129 patients. The median AAC score was 4.0 (0.00, 11.00) and the median sKl level was 616.29 (378.19, 821.61) pg/ml. Serum sKl levels were inversely associated with AAC. When evaluated as AAC categories (<5, 5-15, >15) with ordinal logistic regression, each SD higher sKl was associated with 37.1% lower odds of AAC severity (proportional odds ratio: 0.629; 95% confidence interval: 0.413-0.959, p = 0.031) in models adjusted for demographic data, lifestyle factors, traditional CVD risk factors and uremic risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum sKl levels and smoking were independent risk factors for severe AAC. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of serum sKl for severe abdominal aortic calcification was 0.746 (0.612-0.880, p = 0.001), sensitivity was 0.885, and specificity was 0.562 for a cutoff value of 265.39 pg/ml. Conclusions: Lower serum sKl levels are independently associated with severe AAC. Serum sKl might have a diagnostic value for the severe AAC in MHD patients.
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Dilawar, Mubashir, Omer Sabir, Muhammad Bilal Basit, Adnan Hussain Shahid, Andleeb Kanwal, and Syed Ahtesham Ali Shah. "Abdominal Aortic Calcifications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single Center Study in Lahore, Pakistan." Life and Science 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2024): 06. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.517.
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Objective: To determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic calcification in patients diagnosed with chronickidney disease stage III to V.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Nephrology, Fatima MemorialHospital Lahore, Pakistan from December 2022 to December 2023.Methods: A total of 295 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease stages III to V were included. The lateral view of the lumbar radiograph was carried out in the standing position. All the X-rays were confidentiallysubmitted to the Central Radiology Department where a consultant Radiologist interpreted the X-ray in thelight of the Abdominal Aortic Calcification Score. Significant Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) wasdesignated as per the Operation ACC score interpreted and reported by the consultant Radiologist. Chronickidney disease (CKD) and Aortic Calcification were designated.Results: Abdominal aortic calcification was found in 89 (30.17%) patients. Male gender was significantlyassociated with the presence of abdominal aortic calcification (χ2 = 50.019, df = 1, P-value 0.001).Conclusion: We concluded that there is a moderately high frequency (30%) of abdominal aortic calcification inpatients with chronic kidney disease.
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Diao, Yu-Hang, Jian Chen, Yang Liu, Dong Peng, and Dong Yang. "Does aortic calcification really affect anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery?" Medicine 103, no. 28 (July 12, 2024): e38860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038860.
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The purpose of the current study was to analyze whether aortic calcification had impact on the anastomotic leakage (AL) after rectal cancer (RC) surgery. We collected patients’ information from January 2011 to January 2020 in a single teaching hospital. Preoperative computed tomography images were obtained. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), superior mesenteric aortic calcification, and inferior mesenteric aortic calcification were recorded. The difference of AL and grade C AL was calculated. A total of 2412 RC patients were included in this study. Ninety-seven (4.0%) RC patients experienced AL and 47 (1.9%) RC patients experienced grade C AL. The amount of AAC, superior mesenteric aortic calcification, and inferior mesenteric aortic calcification was 1546 (64.1%), 128 (5.3%), and 31 (1.3%). The AL group had higher portion of AAC (P = .019) than the no AL group, and the grade C AL group had higher portion of AAC (P = .016) than the no grade C AL group. In univariate logistic regression analysis, AAC was a significant potential factor for AL (P = .021, OR = 1.739, 95% CI = 1.088–2.779) and grade C AL (P = .019, OR = 2.339, 95% CI = 1.115–4.986). However, in multivariate logistic regression, AAC was not an independent predictive factor for AL (P = .157, OR = 1.443, 95% CI = 0.871–2.358) or grade C AL (P = .064, OR = 2.055, 95% CI = 0.960–4.399). AAC was associated with higher amount of AL and grade C AL, however, AAC was not an independent predictive factor for AL or grade C AL.
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Rositawati, Wiwik, Syakib Bakri, Gatot Susilo Lawrence, and Andi Wijaya. "Role of 8-isoprostane, Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) in Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v5i2.71.
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BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification may be an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The pathobiology of vascular calcification in CKD is complex and involves some factors including inflammation, oxidative stress and balancing of calcification regulators. The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between 8-isoprostane with calcification regulators such as matrix gla protein (MGP) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 with vascular calciication in CKD.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 63 subjects undergoing haemodialysis maintenance for more than 3 months. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was measured using a lateral abdominal X-ray for calcification in abdominal aorta, which is related to severity of calcific deposits at lumbar vertebral segment (L)1-L4. Serum levels of 8-isoprostane, MGP and BMP-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.RESULTS: Results showed that 8-isoprostane levels were correlated with BMP-2 (r=0.266, p=0.018) and MGP levels (r=0.410, p≤0.001). MGP/BMP-2 levels ratio was correlated with AAC score (r=0.279, p=0.013). Subjects were then stratified into 3 groups based on AAC score: 0, 1-6 and ≥7. The highest mean of MGP levels was in AAC score 1-6 group, and the highest mean of 8-isoprostane levels was in AAC score ≥7. In the group of AAC score 0, 8-isoprostane levels were correlated with MGP levels (r=0.499, p=0.001) and MGP/BMP-2 levels ratio (r=0.291, p=0.034). In AAC score 1-6 group, 8-isoprostane levels were correlated with BMP-2 (r=0.661, p=0.005) and MGP levels (r=0.569, p=0.017). In AAC score ≥7 group, MGP levels were positively correlated with AAC score (r=0.608, p=0.041). With multivariate logistic regression analyses, we identified that increased MGP/BMP-2 levels ratio (OR=12.436; 95% CI=1.595-96.971) was an independent predictor in aortic calcification event.CONCLUSION: We concluded that regulators of calcification including calcification inhibitor and promoter related to oxidative stress, were associated with vascular calcification in CKD. MGP levels were increased in the early of calcification and MGP/BMP-2 levels ratio was a strong predictor for vascular calcification in CKD.KEYWORDS: vascular calcification, CKD, oxidative stress, 8-isoprostane, MGP, BMP-2
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Jansson, Hanna, Aso Saeed, Maria K. Svensson, Kristina Finnved, Mikael Hellström, and Gregor Guron. "Impact of Abdominal Aortic Calcification on Central Haemodynamics and Decline of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4." Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 44, no. 5 (2019): 950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501687.
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Background/Aim: Calcifications of large arteries are frequent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in this population. The aim of this study was to examine whether abdominal aortic calcification volume (AACV) was a predictor of the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Methods: Eighty-four patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 were enrolled in this prospective observational study. At study entry, and annually, GFR was measured by plasma 51Cr-EDTA clearance. At baseline, haemodynamics was assessed and AACV was determined by computer tomography. Results: The mean follow-up time was 3.4 years and mean decline in GFR was –2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. At baseline, abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was detected in 66 patients (79%). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the only statistically significant independent predictor of AAC. In patients with AAC, male gender (B = 0.413, p = 0.030), aortic diastolic blood pressure (B = –0.025, p = 0.001) and ankle-brachial index (B = –1.666, p = 0.002) were independently associated with AACV using a multiple linear regression analysis. Neither the presence nor the extent of AAC was significantly associated with the rate of change in GFR during follow-up. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, only age was an independent predictor of the presence of AAC. AACV was not associated with the rate of decline in GFR.
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Horbal, Steven, Aleda Leis, Sven Holcombe, and Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez. "EFFECT MODIFICATION OF AGE AND SEX BETWEEN AORTIC CALCIFICATION AND MORTALITY IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF OLDER PATIENTS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (December 2024): 133. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.0429.
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Abstract Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a useful cardiovascular risk assessor in opportunistic screening. As cardiovascular risk changes with increasing age, effective AAC use depends on understanding influential factors on AAC and mortality. This study evaluated modification of age and sex on the relationship between aortic calcification and mortality. This sample includes 6647 Michigan Medicine patients age ≥ 65 years, without cardiovascular disease, and who received an abdominal computed tomography scan between 1999-2022. AAC was elevated if calcification exceeded 19.26% of the aortic wall at the L3 vertebral level. Cox regression was used to assess AAC and mortality (adjusted for body mass index and Charlson Comorbidity Index) and stratified by age group (65-79, 80+ years) and sex. In the sample, 18.3% (n=1219) were 80+ years and the mortality rate was 38.0%. Those with elevated AAC had 99% higher mortality hazard than those with unelevated AAC [HR 1.99 (95% CI 1.66, 2.41)]. A statistically significant interaction was observed between age category, sex, and AAC status. Among patients 80+ years, elevated AAC was protective for mortality [HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 0.98)]. Further, elevated AAC was associated with 35% lower mortality hazard in females age 80+ [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.46, 0.92)] but was not significant in males age 80+. Important effect modification by age and sex exists on the relationship between AAC and mortality. This suggests the impact of AAC as a risk factor for mortality may decrease with age and be less important in 80+ year old females relative to males.
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Brahmbhatt, Saloni, Mageda Mikhail, Shahidul Islam, and John F. Aloia. "Vitamin D and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Older African American Women, the PODA Clinical Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030861.
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Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) detected on lateral vertebral fracture assessment is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity have been linked with vascular calcification. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high-dose vitamin D on the progression of AAC. The Physical Performance, Osteoporosis and vitamin D in African American Women (PODA) is a randomized, clinical trial examining the effect of vitamin D. There were 14.7% subjects with AAC in the vitamin D group, compared to 12.1% in the placebo group at baseline. The prevalence of extended AAC at baseline was 6.4% in the vitamin D group and 3.5% in the placebo group. The extended calcification scores over time were not different between groups. There was no association between AAC and serum 25(OH)D. However, PTH was associated with an increase in AAC in the placebo group.
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Chen, Wei, Ruth Eisenberg, Wenzhu B. Mowrey, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Matthew K. Abramowitz, David A. Bushinsky, and Michal L. Melamed. "Association between dietary zinc intake and abdominal aortic calcification in US adults." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz134.
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Abstract Background In animal studies, zinc supplementation inhibited phosphate-induced arterial calcification. We tested the hypothesis that higher intake of dietary zinc was associated with lower abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults in the USA. We also explored the associations of AAC with supplemental zinc intake, total zinc intake and serum zinc level. Methods We performed cross-sectional analyses of 2535 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–14. Dietary and supplemental zinc intakes were obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Total zinc intake was the sum of dietary and supplemental zinc. AAC was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults ≥40 years of age and quantified using the Kauppila score system. AAC scores were categorized into three groups: no AAC (AAC = 0, reference group), mild–moderate (AAC >0–≤6) and severe AAC (AAC >6). Results Dietary zinc intake (mean ± SE) was 10.5 ± 0.1 mg/day; 28% had AAC (20% mild–moderate and 8% severe), 17% had diabetes mellitus and 51% had hypertension. Higher intake of dietary zinc was associated with lower odds of having severe AAC. Per 1 mg/day higher intake of dietary zinc, the odds of having severe AAC were 8% lower [adjusted odds ratio 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.86–0.98), P = 0.01] compared with those without AAC, after adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and laboratory measurements. Supplemental zinc intake, total zinc intake and serum zinc level were not associated with AAC. Conclusions Higher intake of dietary zinc was independently associated with lower odds of having severe AAC among noninstitutionalized US adults.
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Hu, Xingyu, and Dengwei He. "Multiple regression-based correlation between abdominal aortic calcification and paravertebral muscle degeneration." Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 127a (April 15, 2025): 837–49. https://doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc127a-049.
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Objective, to investigate the correlation between abdominal aortic calcification and paravertebral muscle degeneration, and to explore possible common risk factors for both. Methods, all patients with lumbar spinal stenosis admitted to Hospital X for MC and CT examination from 2016 to 2024 were selected, and through screening and exclusion, a total of 352 patients with LSS were included in the study, which consisted of 202 males and 150 females aged 40-80 years, with a mean of 63.24 years. The degree of paraspinal muscle degeneration in lumbar MRI, the degree of abdominal aortic calcification in lumbar CT scanning, as well as the patient’s age, duration of LSS, glomerular filtration rate and other indicators were counted, and the distribution characteristics of abdominal aortic calcification and its correlation with paraspinal muscle degeneration were analyzed by the method of multiple regression. Results, of the 352 patients with LSS who were included to meet the criteria, the calcification group (151, 42.90%) and the non-calcification group (201, 57.10%). Mild, moderate and severe paravertebral muscle degeneration accounted for 56.53%, 28.69% and 14.77%, respectively. The AACS in patients with mild PD degeneration stage, moderate PD degeneration stage and severe PD degeneration, all showed a gradual increasing trend with age (P<0.001). Regression results showed that age, paravertebral muscle degeneration and eGFR were risk factors for AAC in patients with LSS. Conclusion, there was a significant correlation between abdominal aortic atherosclerotic calcification and paravertebral muscle degeneration (P<0.001), and the degree of PD degeneration can be used as an effective indicator for early warning of the occurrence of AAC in patients with LSS.
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Pepe, Jessica, Daniele Diacinti, Emanuela Fratini, Italo Nofroni, Antonella D’Angelo, Roberta Pilotto, Claudio Savoriti, et al. "High prevalence of abdominal aortic calcification in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism as evaluated by Kauppila score." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (August 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-1152.
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Objective The prevalence of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is unknown. We assessed both prevalence and severity of AAC in PHPT postmenopausal women. Methods In this study 70 PHPT postmenopausal women and 70 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Each participant underwent biochemical evaluation, lateral spine radiograph, bone mineral density (BMD) measurement (lumbar, femoral, radial sites), and kidney ultrasound. Lateral lumbar films were analyzed in the region of L1–L4 vertebrae and the Kauppila score (a semi-quantitative grading system) was used to assess the severity of AAC. Results There were no differences regarding demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in the two groups. PHPT patients had higher prevalence of kidney stones (30% vs 7%, P=0.0008) and lower radial BMD values (0.558±0.071 vs 0.588±0.082 g/cm2, P<0.05) compared with controls. PHPT patients showed higher prevalence of AAC (31 vs 18, P=0.03), with more severe calcifications (Kauppila score 7.35±6.1 vs 5.05±3.5, P=0.007). PHPT patients with AAC were older and had been suffering from the disease for a longer period compared with those without ACC. Moreover, PHPT patients with severe AAC had mean higher serum parathyroid hormone levels compared with patients with moderate or mild calcifications. In PHPT patients with AAC, multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age and years since diagnosis, showed that only parathyroid hormone significantly correlated with Kauppila score. Conclusion We found a higher prevalence and severity of AAC in PHPT related to parathyroid hormone effect.
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Wen, Xiaoxiao, Yanjie Xia, Min Guo, Liancheng Zhao, and Long Zhou. "Association Between Serum Cotinine and Severe Abdominal Aortic Calcification in US Adults." Angiology 71, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319719899847.
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This study aims to explore the association between serum cotinine and severe abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in the US adults. We examined 2840 participants with a weighted mean age of 57.4 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Serum cotinine was analyzed as the main exposure both continuously and categorically (tertiles). Abdominal aortic calcification detected with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was quantified using the Kauppila score system. Severe AAC was detected in 252 (8.9%) participants. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the middle and top cotinine categories were 1.14 (0.79-1.64) and 1.80 (1.21-2.68), respectively, P for trend = .004. Per unit increase in log-transformed serum cotinine was associated with 10% (95% CI: 6%-15%) higher odds of severe AAC when serum cotinine was analyzed as a continuous variable. The association was consistent across sex and ethnic groups. In conclusion, elevated serum cotinine level was associated with higher odds for severe AAC in a representative sample of US adults.
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Wang, Kexin, Xiaoying Wang, Zuqiang Xi, Jialun Li, Xiaodong Zhang, and Rui Wang. "Automatic Segmentation and Quantification of Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Lateral Lumbar Radiographs Based on Deep-Learning-Based Algorithms." Bioengineering 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2023): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101164.
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To investigate the performance of deep-learning-based algorithms for the automatic segmentation and quantification of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in lateral lumbar radiographs, we retrospectively collected 1359 consecutive lateral lumbar radiographs. The data were randomly divided into model development and hold-out test datasets. The model development dataset was used to develop U-shaped fully convolutional network (U-Net) models to segment the landmarks of vertebrae T12–L5, the aorta, and anterior and posterior aortic calcifications. The AAC lengths were calculated, resulting in an automatic Kauppila score output. The vertebral levels, AAC scores, and AAC severity were obtained from clinical reports and analyzed by an experienced expert (reference standard) and the model. Compared with the reference standard, the U-Net model demonstrated a good performance in predicting the total AAC score in the hold-out test dataset, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 (p <0.001). The overall accuracy for the AAC severity was 0.77 for the model and 0.74 for the clinical report. Additionally, the Kendall coefficient of concordance of the total AAC score prediction was 0.89 between the model-predicted score and the reference standard, and 0.88 between the structured clinical report and the reference standard. In conclusion, the U-Net-based deep learning approach demonstrated a relatively high model performance in automatically segmenting and quantifying ACC.
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Speelman, Lambert, Ajay Bohra, E. Marielle H. Bosboom, Geert Willem H. Schurink, Frans N. van de Vosse, Michel S. Makaroun, and David A. Vorp. "Effects of Wall Calcifications in Patient-Specific Wall Stress Analyses of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 1 (July 27, 2006): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2401189.
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It is generally acknowledged that rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when the stress acting on the wall over the cardiac cycle exceeds the strength of the wall. Peak wall stress computations appear to give a more accurate rupture risk assessment than AAA diameter, which is currently used for a diagnose. Despite the numerous studies utilizing patient-specific wall stress modeling of AAAs, none investigated the effect of wall calcifications on wall stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of calcifications on patient-specific finite element stress computations. In addition, we assessed whether the effect of calcifications could be predicted directly from the CT-scans by relating the effect to the amount of calcification present in the AAA wall. For 6 AAAs, the location and extent of calcification was identified from CT-scans. A finite element model was created for each AAA and the areas of calcification were defined node-wise in the mesh of the model. Comparisons are made between maximum principal stress distributions, computed without calcifications and with calcifications with varying material properties. Peak stresses are determined from the stress results and related to a calcification index (CI), a quantification of the amount of calcification in the AAA wall. At calcification sites, local stresses increased, leading to a peak stress increase of 22% in the most severe case. Our results displayed a weak correlation between the CI and the increase in peak stress. Additionally, the results showed a marked influence of the calcification elastic modulus on computed stresses. Inclusion of calcifications in finite element analysis of AAAs resulted in a marked alteration of the stress distributions and should therefore be included in rupture risk assessment. The results also suggest that the location and shape of the calcified regions—not only the relative amount—are considerations that influence the effect on AAA wall stress. The dependency of the effect of the wall stress on the calcification elastic modulus points out the importance of determination of the material properties of calcified AAA wall.
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Assania, Rizka Farahin, Elvita Rahmi Daulay, and Refli Hasan. "Association of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease with The Incidence of Abdominal Aortic Calcification On Abdominal CT-Scan Imaging in H. Adam Malik General Hospital." Journal of Society Medicine 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47353/jsocmed.v2i3.38.
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Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the one of manifestation for cardiovascular disease and a cause of death and disability. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been shown to be strongly associated with atherosclerosis and CAD events. This study to investigated the association of risk factors for CAD with the incidence of AAC on abdominal CT Scan. Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design on 105 patients who underwent abdominal CT scans with/without intravenous contrast at Radiology Department of H. Adam Malik General Hospital. AAC score was identified calcification on the abdominal aorta (from 1 cm above the origin of the celiac trunk to 1 cm below the iliac bifurcation) use the Agatston method. Analyzing the association CAD risk factors such as gender, age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol and AAC score. Results: The results of the analysis using the Chi Square comparative test showed that there was a significant relationship between age (p=0.000), hypertension (p=0.017), diabetes (p=0.006), in othe words there is no significant relationship between gender (p = 0.613), smoking (p=0.22) and alcohol (p=0.28) with AAC score. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, hypertension and diabetes with the AAC score.
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Yang, Hongwei, Wen Ou, Xudong Song, and Aihua Chen. "Causal association between blood metabolites and abdominal aortic calcification: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study." Medicine 103, no. 36 (September 6, 2024): e39451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000039451.
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Previous studies have reported correlations between metabolic factors and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). However, the causal relationship between blood metabolites and AAC remains to be fully explored. We employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationships between 486 blood metabolites and AAC. The inverse variance weighted method was primarily utilized for MR analysis, and the MR-Egger, weighted median, and Robust Adjusted Profile Score methods were used for supplementary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one-out analysis to evaluate the heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Furthermore, the Steiger test and linkage disequilibrium score regression were used to assess genetic correlation and directionality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed to evaluate the direct effect of metabolites on AAC. Through rigorous screening, we identified 6 metabolites with presumed causal effects on AAC: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (effect size [ES] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.82), erythrose (ES −0.35, 95% CI: −0.59 to −0.11), 10-undecenoate (11:1n1) (ES 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.25), 1-myristoylglycerophosphocholine (ES 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.50), glycerol 2-phosphate (ES 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04–0.37), and the unidentified metabolite X-11469 (ES 0.19, 95% CI: 0.08–0.30). Multivariable MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted erythrose, 10-undecenoate, 1-myristoylglycerophosphocholine, and X-11469 could directly affect AAC independent of other metabolites. Reverse MR analysis revealed an alteration in 12 blood metabolites due to AAC, including caffeine, 1,7-dimethylurate, arachidonic acid, and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine. This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between metabolites and AAC. These findings help elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of AAC and may offer insights into screening, prevention, and treatment approaches.
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Lankinen, Roosa, Markus Hakamäki, Tapio Hellman, Niina S. Koivuviita, Kaj Metsärinne, and Mikko J. Järvisalo. "Progression of Aortic Calcification in Stage 4–5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Transitioning to Dialysis and Transplantation." Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 47, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518670.
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<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and associated with increased mortality. Comparative data on the AAC score progression in CKD patients transitioning from conservative treatment to different modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are lacking and were examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 150 study patients underwent lateral lumbar radiograph to study AAC in the beginning of the study before commencing RRT (AAC1) and at 3 years of follow-up (AAC2). We examined the associations between repeated laboratory tests taken every 3 months, echocardiographic and clinical variables and AAC increment per year (ΔAAC), and the association between ΔAAC and outcomes during follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At the time of AAC2 measurement, 39 patients were on hemodialysis, 39 on peritoneal dialysis, 39 had a transplant, and 33 were on conservative treatment. Median AAC1 was 4.8 (0.5–9.0) and median AAC2 8.0 (1.5–12.0) (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). ΔAAC was similar across the treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.19). ΔAAC was independently associated with mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (log LVMI: β = 0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and mean phosphorus through follow-up (log phosphorus: β = 1.19, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in the multivariable model. Time to transplantation was associated with ΔAAC in transplant recipients (per month on the waiting list: β = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.001). ΔAAC was associated with mortality (HR 1.427, 95% confidence interval 1.044–1.950, <i>p</i> = 0.03). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AAC progresses rapidly in patients with CKD, and ΔAAC is similar across the CKD treatment groups including transplant recipients. The increment rate is associated with mortality and in transplant recipients with the time on the transplant waiting list.
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Zhou, Si-Jia, Xiao-Xiao Wang, Wen Tang, Qing-Feng Han, Lian He, and Ai-Hua Zhang. "Lower Serum Irisin Levels Are Associated with Increased Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients." Kidney Diseases 7, no. 3 (2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512514.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Vascular calcification (VC), with the mechanisms remaining unclear, is closely related with dialysis patients’ cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Irisin is a newly identified myokine. This study aims to evaluate the serum irisin levels of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and their relationship with VC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study enrolled stable PD patients in Peking University Third Hospital who were followed for >6 months. We used plain X-ray films of abdomen to quantitatively evaluate VC of abdominal aorta. VC was evaluated by abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) scores, and PD patients were divided into the high AAC score group (AAC score ≥4) and the low AAC score group (AAC score <4). Demographic data and laboratory indexes were collected. Serum irisin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 102 PD patients were enrolled in this study, and 52 patients (51.0%) were found to have a high AAC score of ≥4. Age, diabetic mellitus proportion, pulse pressure, hypercalcemia (corrected calcium >2.54 mmol/L) rate, serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and AAC scores were significantly higher in the high AAC score group than those of the low AAC score group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high AAC score group had lower diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin, and serum carbon dioxide combining power compared with the low AAC score group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum irisin levels of PD patients with a high AAC score were significantly lower than those of PD patients with a low AAC score (109.7 ± 13.1 ng/mL vs. 115.9 ± 10.1 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.010). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that serum irisin, diabetic mellitus, serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and age were independent factors influencing the occurrence of VC in PD patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results are the first to provide a clinical evidence of the association between serum irisin and abdominal aortic calcification in PD patients. Lower irisin levels, diabetic mellitus, higher serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and older age could be potential predictive factors for VC in PD patients.
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Sun, Lijie. "Associations between waist-to-height ratio and abdominal aortic calcification: A cross-sectional study." Medicine 103, no. 24 (June 14, 2024): e38608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038608.
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Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) is a validated biomarker of central obesity that appears to be preferable to other body composition measurements in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this research was to explore the connection between WtHR and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults. On the basis of data from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, as well as smoothed curve fitting were used to evaluate the connection between WtHR and AAC. Subgroup analyses along with interaction tests were done to see if this link was consistent across populations. Among 3079 participants aged >40 years, there was a negative association between WtHR and ACC. Each 1-unit emergence of WtHR was related to a 2% reduction in the probability of severe AAC in the entirely adjusted model (odds ratio = 0.02, 95% confidence interval: [0.00–0.12]). Participants in the highest WtHR quartile were 39% less likely to acquire severe AAC compared with those in the lowest quartile. (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval: [0.37–1.00]). This negative association was more pronounced in the diabetes subgroup. We discovered a reversed U-shaped association between WtHR as well as AAC score utilizing a 2-stage linear regression model, with an intersection point of 0.56. WtHR was negatively associated with AAC among US adults.
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Sheng, Chang, Zhou Cai, and Pu Yang. "Association of the abdominal aortic calcification with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality: Prospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (January 16, 2025): e0314776. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314776.
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Background Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods The study, conducted on NHANES participants aged 40 years or older during the 2013–2014 cycle, assessed AAC using the Kauppila scoring system. Demographic characteristics, mortality data, and comorbid factors such as age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were considered. Statistical analyses, including weighted percentages, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, were employed to evaluate the associations between AAC and mortality risks. Results After analyzing a final sample of 2717 participants, the study found a significant association between severe AAC (SAAC) and higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17–2.48). The dose-response relationship indicated an increased risk with higher AAC scores. However, no independent association was observed between AAC and cardiovascular mortality. Stratified analysis revealed variations in the AAC-all-cause mortality association based on gender and hypertension. Conclusion This population-based study provides valuable insights into the prospective association between AAC and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the potential role of AAC assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk.
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Skalsky, Keren, Arthur Shiyovich, Nir Hochwald, Amos Levi, Lutof Zreik, Shlomit Tamir, Gideon Shafir, et al. "Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Abdominal Aortic Calcification Screening among High-Risk Living Kidney Donors." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134541.
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Background: A unique scanning protocol combining coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) with routine abdominal CTA is being used at the Rabin Medical Center as a method of screening high-risk candidates for living kidney donation. We aim to evaluate the potential impact of coronary CTA on the decision regarding eligibility for kidney donation and its correlation with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Methods: CCTA and abdominal CTA results of potential living kidney donors evaluated for donation between September 2020 and November 2021 were retrieved. A retrospective analysis of the abdominal CTA was used to calculate the AAC. Patients’ demographic, clinical, and imaging data were collected from the electronic files, as well as the final decision regarding eligibility for donation. Results: A total of 62 potential kidney donors were evaluated for donation using the combined scan. The mean age was 53.8 years, with male predominance (59.7%). Significant coronary artery stenosis (≥70% luminal stenosis) was present in two patients (3.2%), whereas five patients (8%) had moderate stenosis (50–69%). Thirteen patients (21%) were disqualified from donation due to moderate-to-significant coronary artery disease or abdominal atherosclerosis. The correlation between the coronary artery calcium score and the AAC was found to be positive, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.88 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of coronary CTA in the evaluation of potential kidney donors may has a potential impact on the decision regarding eligibility for donation. A high correlation between the coronary artery calcium score and the AAC was found.
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Liu, Tao, Ronghua Zuo, Jia Wang, Bing Wang, Lifang Sun, Shasha Wang, Baoyin Li, et al. "Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Abdominal Aortic Calcification: A Large Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2023 (February 13, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1621873.
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In the American population, the relationship between the standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the risk of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and AAC risk. Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2014 were analyzed cross sectionally. An analysis of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and incident AAC and severe AAC (SAAC) was based on the restricted cubic spline (RCS) and multivariable logistic regression model. In addition, generalized additive models with smooth functions were used to evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the degree of AAC. Finally, a subgroup analysis was conducted. There were a total of 3,040 individuals in our study. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was divided into quartiles (Q1: 9.37–50.5 nmol/L; Q2: 50.6–67.2 nmol/L; Q3: 67.3–85.8 nmol/L; and Q4: 85.9–318.0 nmol/L); the lowest quartile served as the reference group (Q1). After adjusting for known confounding variables, compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of serum 25(OH)D concentration, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for AAC and SAAC across the quartiles (Q2, Q3, and Q4) were (1.042 (0.812, 1.338), 0.863 (0.668, 1.115), and 1.022 (0.787, 1.327)) and (1.48 (0.87, 2.52), 1.70 (1.01, 2.92), and 2.13 (1.19, 3.86)), respectively. As shown by the RCS plot, the serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with the risk of AAC/SAAC in a U-shaped pattern ( P for nonlinearity <0.05). In addition, the degree of AAC decreased at first and then increased as the serum 25(OH)D concentration increased. In conclusion, a U-shaped relationship existed between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of AAC and SAAC. Consequently, the risk of AAC and SAAC may be mitigated with regular monitoring and vitamin D supplementation.
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Rodríguez, Alexander J., Kevin Leow, Pawel Szulc, David Scott, Peter Ebeling, Marc Sim, Germaine Wong, et al. "Abdominal aortic calcification, bone mineral density and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e026232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026232.
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IntroductionAbdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Two previous meta-analyses have investigated the association between AAC and fracture. However, these meta-analyses only identified articles until December 2016, undertook limited searches and did not explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. We aim to undertake a sensitive and comprehensive assessment of the relationship between AAC, bone mineral density (BMD) as well as prevalent and incident fractures.MethodsWe will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science core collection and Google Scholar (top 200 articles sorted by relevance) from their inception to 1 June 2018. Reference lists of included studies and previous systematic reviews will be hand searched for additional eligible studies. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies (cross-sectional, case–control and longitudinal) reporting the association between AAC, BMD and fracture at any site will be included. At least two investigators will independently: (A) evaluate study eligibility and extract data, with a third investigator to adjudicate when discrepancies occur, (B) assess study quality by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for each cohort/study. The meta-analysis will be reported in adherence to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria. AAC will be grouped as either: (1) AAC present or absent, (2) AAC categorised as ‘low’ (referent—lowest reported group) versus ‘high’ (all other groups) or (3) dose–response when AAC was assessed in ≥3 groups. Where primary event data were reported in individual studies, pooled risk differences and risk ratios with 95% CI will be calculated, from which, a summary estimate will be determined using DerSimonian-Laird random effects models. For the AAC and BMD pooled analyses, estimates will be expressed as standardised mean difference with 95% CI. We will examine the likelihood of publication bias and where possible, investigate potential reasons for between-study heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta-regression.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be submitted to a peer- reviewed journal and disseminated via research presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018088019.
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Szulc, P., L. C. Hofbauer, M. Rauner, C. Goettsch, R. Chapurlat, and M. Schoppet. "Serum myostatin levels are negatively associated with abdominal aortic calcification in older men: the STRAMBO study." European Journal of Endocrinology 167, no. 6 (December 2012): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0512.
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ObjectiveTo assess the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and serum levels of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, which has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.Design and patientsWe assessed AAC semiquantitatively from the lateral spine scans obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1071 men aged 20–87 years. Serum myostatin levels were measured by an immunoassay that detects all myostatin forms.ResultsTotal myostatin serum levels did not differ between men with or without self-reported ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Total serum myostatin levels were higher in men with higher serum calcium levels and lower in men with higher serum concentrations of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Men with AAC had lower myostatin levels compared with men without AAC. Prevalence of AAC (AAC score >0) was lower in the highest myostatin quartile compared with the three lower quartiles (P<0.05). After adjustment for confounders, odds of AAC (AAC score >0) were lower (OR=0.62; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.45–0.85; P<0.005) for the fourth myostatin quartile vs the three lower quartiles combined. In the sub-analysis of 745 men aged ≥60 years, the results were similar: AAC prevalence was lower in the highest myostatin quartile compared with the three lower quartiles combined (OR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.38–0.78; P<0.001).ConclusionsIn older men, total myostatin serum levels are inversely correlated with AAC. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms underlying this association and to assess utility of myostatin as a cardiovascular marker.
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Elarbagy, Ahmed R., Yassein S. Yassein, Mahmoud M. Emara, Ahmed A. Sonbol, Khaled M. A. Elzorkany, and Amera A. Sharaf El Deen. "Study of serum sclerostin levels and its role in vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease." Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2019): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejim.ejim_34_19.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this work was to study serum sclerostin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis and those on regular hemodialysis and its role in vascular calcification. Background CKD, whether starting hemodialysis (HD) or not, is associated with an increase in the risk for vascular calcification, which can only be partially explained by known classical risk factors. Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of the Wnt pathway and has been shown to play a key role in vascular calcification in patients with CKD. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 patients with CKD attending Menoufia University Hospital. Patients were classified into 40 patients with CKD who were not on HD (group I) and 40 patients with CKD on regular HD more than 6 months (group II), who were compared with 15 controls (group III). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was assessed using lateral lumbar radiography. Echocardiography was used to assess aortic valve calcification (AVC) calcification. Patient’s basic clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Serum sclerostin level was measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results Sclerostin levels among the patients with CKD on HD (116.8±0.103.69 Pmol/l) was significantly higher than that of CKD predialysis group (28.63±0.36.26 Pmol/l), which in turn was statistically higher than control group (6.6±0.2.9 Pmol) (P=0.000). AAC was observed in 16 (40%) patients in CKD predialysis group, whereas in CKD on HD group, 26 (65%) patients had AAC. AVC was observed in 14 (35%) patients in CKD predialysis group, whereas in CKD on HD group, 21 (52.5%) patients had AVC. Using binary regression analysis, sclerostin was identified as an independent predictor for the presence of AAC (OR: 1.017; P=0.000) and AVC (OR: 1.013; P=0.001) in patients with CKD. Conclusion Patients with CKD (predialysis and on HD) exhibit an increase in sclerostin levels. Sclerostin expansion correlated positively with vascular and valvular calcification. Sclerostin is an independent risk factor for heart valve calcification and AAC in patients with CKD.
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Vele, Paulina, Ciprian Nicolae Silaghi, Laura Otilia Damian, Siao-Pin Simon, Alexandra Craciun, and Simona Rednic. "Bone status and aortic calcifications in chondrocalcinosis patients." Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2020-0019.
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AbstractAim: We aimed to examine the association between several circulating bone turnover markers [ osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), beta-CrossLaps (β-CTx)], hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in patients with chondrocalcinosis (CC).Methods: Thirty-six patients with CC and thirty-seven controls were consecutively enrolled in this pilot case-control, cross-sectional study. The following parameters were assessed: serum levels of OC, OPG and β-CTx by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); hip and spine BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and AAC score by lateral radiography.Results: Patients with CC had higher levels of serum bone turnover markers and AAC score than the control group: OC [6.5 (3.5-9.9) vs 4.5 (2.6-7.2) ng/ml; p=0.05], OPG [(7.7 (6.2-9.4) vs 6.5 (5.5-8.12) pmol/ml; p=0.02], β-CTx [6078 (5870-6171) vs 5851 (5465-6109) pg/ml; p=0.02] and AAC score (3.6±6.2 vs 0.5±2; p=0.006). Conversely, even if statistical significance was not reached, hip and spine BMD was lower in patients with CC. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between OPG and AAC, but also between OPG and osteoporosis in patients with CC.Conclusion: Patients with CC are characterized by higher circulating OC, OPG and β-CTx. The presence of AAC was more common in patients with CC, being only associated with serum OPG.
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Errihani, Majdouline, Taoufiq Aatif, Aya Sobhi, and Driss El Kabbaj. "Risk factors for abdominal aortic calcifications in chronic hemodialysis patients." Journal of Parathyroid Disease 10 (October 10, 2021): e8134. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.8134.
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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients; in this field, abdominal aortic calcifications (AAC) which represent a predictor of cardiovascular events are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with AAC. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study including 40 chronic HD patients for more than six months having benefited from screening for AAC by profile abdominal x-ray without preparation. The AAC were evaluated according to the Kauppila score (ScK). Demographic, biological and radiological data were collected and then analyzed to assess the prevalence of AAC. Patients were divided into two groups according to ScK, highly calcified (ScK ≥12) and slightly or moderately calcified (ScK <12), in order to determine the associated factors to severe AAC. Results: The mean age was 58 ± 16 years, 55% were women, and the median of HD duration is 82 months. The prevalence of AAC was 65% and the median score of AAC was four. Patients with highly AAC (ScK ≥12) represented 27.5% of population and slightly or moderately AAC (ScK <12) represented 72.5%. The factors associated with severe AAC retained in the univariate analysis were age (P=0.029), phosphoremia (P=0.027), duration of dialysis (P=0.047) and calcemia (P=0.035). Only duration of dialysis (P=0.042), age (P=0.018) and phosphoremia (P=0.044) remained statistically significant in multivariate. Conclusion: AAC are associated with advanced age, long duration of dialysis, and phosphocalcic balance abnormalities. Profile abdominal x-ray without preparation is currently recommended by the KDIGO (kidney disease improving global outcomes) for early detection and follow-up of vascular calcifications on HD, which should be considered for any patient.
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Orces, Carlos H. "Abdominal Aorta Calcification Identified on DXA Scans and the Risk of Mortality in Adults." Journal of Bone Metabolism 31, no. 3 (August 31, 2024): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2024.31.3.236.
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Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) on lateral lumbar radiographs increases the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, data on the association between AAC detected in dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the risk of mortality in the general population are scarce.Methods: The present study was based on data from participants aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle of 2013 to 2014. Vertebral assessment of lateral spine DXA scans was used to provide AAC measurements at vertebrae L1–L4. The extent of AAC was defined according to the Kauppila AAC-24 scores (0–1, 2–5, ≥6), and the NHANES 2019 public-use linked mortality files were used to assess mortality status.Results: Of the 2,962 participants who were included in this study, with a mean age of 57.4 years and a median follow-up of 69.9 months, 252 (8.5%) died. Of the deaths, 84 (33.3%) occurred due to cardiovascular disease. The Cox proportional hazards models revealed that participants with AAC-24 scores ≥6 were 1.7 times more likely to die than those with AAC-24 scores 0–1 (Hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.71). Moreover, older adults and women with AAC-24 scores ≥6 were 2.8 and 2.4 times more likely to die than their counterparts with AAC-24 scores 0–1, respectively. Conversely, a non-significant risk of cardiovascular mortality was found among participants with AAC-24 scores ≥6.Conclusions: The extent of AAC detected on vertebral fracture assessment DXA was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in adults, particularly older adults and women.
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Yoshii, I. "AB0606 IMPACT OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC CALCIFICATION AND SERUM CREATININE-TO-CYSTATIN C RATIO TO BONE FRAGILITY FRACTURE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1339.1–1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.269.
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Background:Relationship between bone fragility fracture (BFF) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been discussed in recent decade.Objectives:Now we investigated the relationship between the two and a new factor of BFF: serum creatinine-to cystatin C ratio (Cr/CysC).Methods:A total of nine-hundred and thirty one osteoporotic patients were recruited. Diagnosis of osteoporosis was indexed by the criteria of Japanese Primary Osteoporosis Diagnostic Criteria. Patient’s lumbar spine X-ray pictures were taken and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of lumbar spine and hip joint were tested at the same time, and all of them were followed us for more than one year up to nine years with at least an administration of vitamin D. Anti-osteoporotic drugs were administrated for 660 patients.Vertebral compression fracture (VF) and AAC were evaluated with lateral view of X-ray picture. VF was classified in accordance with Semi-quantified method (SQ), and AAC was classified as follows: Grade0; No calcification, Grade1; Partial calcification not continued over one vertebral height, Grade2; Calcification continuous over one vertebral height. BFF history of the patients except of VF was harvested from the medical record and with interview. Patients’ background at first measurement were measured and Cr/CysC was calculated as well. Prevalence of BFF at the baseline for each grade with SQ was compared according to the grade of AAC. Background factors including bone mineral densities (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip joint measured using DXA were compared for each AAC grade.Occurrence of BFF was picked up during following up (BFF_F/U) of the patients. Prevalence of BFF_F/U for each ACC grade was statistically compared, and relationship between BFF_F/U and factors at the baseline was statistically evaluated.Results:A total of 219 of Grade0, 428 of Grade1, and 278 of Grade2 were recruited. Prevalence of BFF at baseline for each VF group was 182, 16, 9, and 12 for Grade0, 138, 98, 122, and 70 for Grade1, and 53, 45, 82, and 144 for Grade2, with Grade-0, Grade-1, Grade-2, and Grade-3 by SQ, respectively (p<0.01). Factors that demonstrated significant correlation with occurrence of BFF were sex, age, BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip joint, and Cr/CysC with univariate mode binary logistic regression anaysis. However, Cr/CysC did not demonstrate significant correlation using multivariate model.Occurrence of BFF_F/U for each AAC group was 26, 90, and 82 for Grade0, Grade1, and Grade2, respectively (p<0.01). The only factor that demonstrated significantly correlated with occurrence of BFF_F/U was Cr/CysC in the Grade1 and the Grade2 of the AAC classification.Conclusion:ACC grade significantly correlates with occurrence of BFF. Cr/CysC also significantly correlates with occurrence of BFF after follow up under presence of AAC.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Tucker, Larry A. "Study of the Association Between Diets Containing Nuts and Seeds and the Degree of Abdominal Aortic Calcification." Nutrients 16, no. 24 (December 15, 2024): 4325. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244325.
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Background: The association between nuts and seeds (nuts/seeds) consumption and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been studied rarely, if at all. However, AAC is a good marker of CVD risk and premature mortality. Consequently, the present observational study was conducted. It had two primary purposes: (1) to determine the relationship between the consumption of nuts/seeds and AAC, and (2) to examine the effects of nine potential confounding variables on the relationship between nuts/seeds consumption and AAC. Methods: The sample included 2611 randomly selected adults representative of the United States population. Data were collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The outcome measure was AAC, divided into three categories: none, mild, and moderate/severe. Total consumption of nuts/seeds was assessed utilizing the mean of two diet recall assessments. Results: There was an inverse dose–response relationship between categories of nuts/seeds consumption and AAC, with age, sex, and race controlled (F = 6.4, p = 0.0233). After controlling for the demographic variables and physical activity, hypertension status, waist circumference, diabetes status, and smoking, the relationship between nuts/seeds and AAC was minimally affected (F = 6.0, p = 0.0268). Conclusions: In conclusion, nuts/seeds consumption appears to differentiate among adults with different levels of AAC. Control of many covariates had little impact on the associations. The recommendations of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines (2020–2025) that encourage the eating of nuts/seeds are supported by the results of this investigation.
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Heilmaier, Christina, Astrid Koester, Theodoros Moysidis, Dominik Weishaupt, and Knut Kröger. "Abdominal aortic calcification and its distribution in normal-sized and aneurysmatic abdominal aortas." Vasa 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000339.
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Background: Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is more and more used for evaluation and quantification of coronary artery calcification, but correlation between the degree of calcification and occurrence of clinical events is also known for other vascular beds such as the aorta. Purpose: To assess possible differences in amount and pattern of calcification in aneurysmatic and non-aneurysmatic abdominal aortas. Patients and methods: Thirty-four subjects displayed infrarenal abdominal aneurysm (AAA) and were compared to 33 patients with normal-sized aortas using MDCT. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed by two radiologists. Calcium scores were assessed for the whole abdominal aorta as well as separately for the supra- and infrarenal segments. Moreover, plaque patterns were evaluated and classified according to their thickness and size. Furthermore, calcium scores were correlated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Total calcium scores were comparable in patients with and without AAA (1,213 ± 1,351 and 1,211 ± 1,535, respectively), but significant differences were found regarding plaque density that was considerably higher both in the supra- and infrarenal segments in the non-aneurysmatic group (A suprarenal, 0.01, infrarenal, 0.07; non-A suprarenal, 0.06, infrarenal, 0.16). Plaque pattern were considerably different in the infrarenal segments in aneurysmatic aortas: they were thinner (1 and 2 mm) and smaller (< 100 mm2) than in normal-sized aortas (mainly > 3mm and > 100 mm2). Distribution of risk factors was similar in both groups with the highest mean calcium score being present in patients with 4 risk factors. Pearsons correlation coefficient indicating correlation between total calcium score and number of risk factors was almost the same in both groups: AAA, r = 0.67; non-AAA, r = 0.65. Conclusions: Compared to normal-sized aortas thinner and smaller plaques are present in AAA, which may be due to degenerative processes.
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Huang, Yanting, Zhijie Ruan, Weizhao Lin, Zhichao Chen, Liling Zhang, and Zhi Li. "Association Between Weight Change and Increased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification Among Males." Journal of the Endocrine Society, April 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac067.
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Abstract Objectives We aimed to explore the impact of weight change on abdominal aortic calcification among males. Methods Data were obtained from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Self-reported cardiovascular disease patients were excluded. Lateral spine images were used to quantify AAC score and severe AAC was defined as AAC score >6. Weight change over a 10-year period was defined as long-term weight change, while weight change over a 1-year period was defined as short-term weight change. The relationship between long- and short-term weight change with AAC grade was estimated by using multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Results After adjusting for covariates, weight gain, especially severe weight gain(>10kg), was associated with increased likelihood of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC no matter in short term(1 year) or long term(10 years) life among males when compared to stable weight change, while long term weight loss could also lead to an increased likelihood of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC. Conclusions Stable body weight might be a predictor of a lower risk of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC among males no matter in the long term or short term.
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Hu, Sheng, Tian Lan, Silin Wang, Lang Su, Sheng Zou, Jiayue Ye, Yang Zhang, et al. "Serum Chloride Level Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Calcification." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 8 (January 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.800458.
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BackgroundAbdominal aortic calcification is a potentially important independent risk factor for cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum chloride level and abdominal artery calcification.MethodsWe obtained the data of 3,018 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and analyzed the relationship between serum chloride and abdominal artery calcification. We performed stratified and single factor analysis, multiple equation regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analysis. R and EmpowerStats were used for data analysis.ResultsSerum chloride is independently related to the AAC total 24 score (AAC-24). The smooth curves fitted were all inverted-U shaped. Below a cutoff value of 92 mmol/L, increase in serum chloride level was associated with increase in AAC-24; however, above that cutoff, increase in serum chloride level was associated with decrease in AAC-24.ConclusionsAt serum levels below 92 mmol/L, chloride is a risk factor for abdominal aortic calcification but levels above 92 mmol/L appear to protect against abdominal aortic calcification.
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Malhotra, Rajeev, Andreas C. Mauer, Jie Yao, Xiuqing Guo, Albert V. Smith, Sonali Pechlivanis, Shih-Jen Hwang, et al. "Abstract 18116: Genetic Associations With Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Calcification." Circulation 132, suppl_3 (November 10, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.18116.
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Background: There is limited information regarding genetic contributions to atherosclerotic aortic calcification, an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis with subsequent replication analysis to define single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with abdominal (AAC) or thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). AAC and TAC were quantified using multi-detector computed tomography. SNPs were assayed by Illumina or Affymetrix arrays and imputation at the cohort level was performed using data from the 1000 Genomes project. Results: 9417 individuals of European descent from four cohorts of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genome Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium were included in the AAC discovery analysis and 8422 individuals from five cohorts in the TAC discovery analysis. SNPs achieving genome-wide significance were tested for replication in four additional cohorts with Hispanic-American (HA) and African-American (AA) participants. Two regions contained SNPs associated at a genome-wide level for AAC (p<5.0x10 -8 , Table), the HDAC9 (chromosome 7, 6 SNPs) and RAP1GAP (chromosome 1, 2 SNPs) genetic loci. All six HDAC9 SNPs were associated with AAC in HA. Among these, rs2107595 was associated with AAC both in HA (p=2.8x10 -6 ) and in AA (p=0.01). SNPs in RAP1GAP were not associated with AAC in the replication analysis. No SNPs were associated with TAC at the genome-wide threshold. SNPs in the HDAC9 locus were associated with other forms of calcification (coronary artery calcification) as well as clinically apparent coronary heart disease (p<0.05). Conclusions: SNPs in the HDAC9 locus are associated with the presence of AAC in participants of European descent. This association was replicated in other ethnic groups in the United States. These findings suggest a novel role for HDAC9 in the development of abdominal aortic calcification.
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Horbal, Steven R., Brian A. Derstine, Aleda Leis, Brian E. Ross, Edward Brown, Stewart C. Wang, and Sven A. Holcombe. "Abstract 41: Independent Prediction of Mortality From Opportunistic Screening of Aortic Calcification." Circulation 149, Suppl_1 (March 19, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.149.suppl_1.41.
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Introduction: Abdominal aortic calcifications (AAC), often discovered during diagnostic medical imaging, have recently gained traction as valuable indicators of cardiovascular health. The morphomic aortic calcification score (MAC) uses dynamic thresholding and machine learning algorithms to automatically segment, process, and grade AAC from medical imaging. This study’s purpose was to evaluate AAC and mortality in patients over the age of 65 with previous diagnostic imaging. Methods: A novel community sample of 6655 participants had received an abdominal CT scan between 1999-2022 at Michigan Medicine. Participants were 65 years or older and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease at scan time. MAC threshold of 4.21% abdominal aortic wall coverage at the L3 level was used to prioritize sensitivity. Cox models were used to evaluate the associations between MAC and mortality. Model 1 was unadjusted; model 2 controlled for diabetes, subcutaneous-visceral fat ratio, and biological sex; model 3 added age. Effect modification was evaluated between MAC and age, as well as MAC and sex. Results: Mean follow up time was 3,916 (sd 1661) days. From the initial scan, 1306 deaths were observed at 10 years (19.62%), and 2277 deaths overall (34.21%). The proportional hazard assumption held. Models indicated significant hazard ratios for MAC and mortality: model 1 (unadjusted) HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.23, 1.50); model 2 (adjusted) HR 1.28 (1.14, 1.44); model 3 (model 2 + age) HR 1.15 (95% CI 1.03, 1.31). No effect modification was observed between MAC and age or sex. Discussion: MAC, a novel measure of abdominal aortic calcification, was independently associated with mortality in a hospital-based community sample of patients over the age of 65. Interestingly, the addition of age attenuated the MAC-mortality relationship, but significance remained. This work highlights the independent effects of abdominal aortic calcification and potential utility as a factor of future mortality in opportunistic screening of asymptomatic populations.
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Imaoka, Yuki, Masahiro Ohira, Miho Akabane, Kazunari Sasaki, and Hideki Ohdan. "Abdominal aortic calcification among gastroenterological and transplant surgery." Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery, June 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12816.
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AbstractThis review discusses the increasing global trend towards an aging population, which has resulted in a growing number of surgeries being performed on elderly patients, particularly those living with cancer. The focus was on the implications of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis, in these patients. This comprehensive review provided evidence detailing the complex processes of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification and various approaches to assess this condition. The prevalence of AAC is related to multiple factors, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, frailty in various types of gastroenterological surgery. Additionally, notable links were found between AAC, postoperative complications, and patient survival following gastroenterological surgery. This study highlights how AAC could negatively impact the health status of elderly patients and undermine treatment efficacy, stressing the need for more research in this domain to improve patient outcomes.
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TUFAN, Azmi, and Eyüp ÇETİN. "Investigation of the effects of abdominal aortic calcification on mortality in spinal surgery." Dicle Tıp Dergisi, September 4, 2023, 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1360678.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to show the effect of the presence of AAC on mortality after lumbar degenerative disc surgery and to determine whether it is a predictor of survival.
Methods: Between 2014 and 2016, abdominal aortic calcifications were recorded by grade in patients who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar disc herniation and therefore underwent updated lumbar CT. In addition to the demographic data of these patients, ASA scores were also recorded and these scores were statistically compared.
Results: The age of the patients in the Advanced Calcification group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the Mild Calcification group. The ASA score in the Advanced Calcification group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the Mild Calcification group. . Ex rate in the Advanced Calcification group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the Mild Calcification group.
Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the degree of abdominal aortic calcifications and patient survival. This relationship is thought to be an important guiding scoring for spinal surgeons in the preoperative preparation phase.
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Dong, Weiwei, Xiaobai Liu, Lu Ma, Zhi-Yong Yang, and Chunyan Ma. "Association between dietary selenium intake and severe abdominal aortic calcification in the United States: A cross-sectional study." Food & Function, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3fo02631k.
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Abstract Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the current study was to detect the association between dietary selenium intake and severe AAC....
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ter Braake, Anique D., Larissa P. Govers, Mieke J. Peeters, Arjan D. van Zuilen, Jack F. M. Wetzels, Peter J. Blankenstijn, Joost G. J. Hoenderop, Jeroen H. F. de Baaij, and Jan A. J. G. van den Brand. "Low plasma magnesium concentration and future abdominal aortic calcifications in moderate chronic kidney disease." BMC Nephrology 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02267-4.
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Abstract Background Higher plasma magnesium concentrations are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The importance of plasma magnesium concentration for vascular calcification in earlier stages of CKD remains underexplored. This study investigated whether plasma magnesium is a determinant for the presence and severity of vascular calcification in moderate CKD. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed using abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) scores in 280 patients with stage 3 and 4 CKD enrolled in the MASTERPLAN trial. Lateral abdominal X-ray was used to evaluate AAC. Plasma magnesium concentration were measured over time. A zero-inflated Poisson model determined the association between plasma magnesium concentration and AAC. Results 79 out of 280 patients did not have AAC, and in patients with AAC the median calcification score was 3.5 (interquartile range: 0.0–8.6). The mean plasma magnesium concentration was 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol/L at baseline. A 0.1 mmol/L higher plasma magnesium concentration was associated with lower AAC of 0.07 point (95% CI -0.28 – 0.14). A 0.1 mmol/L higher plasma magnesium lowered the odds of detecting any AAC by 30% (OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.29–1.37). After 1 year and 4 years (at time of X-ray) of follow-up this association was attenuated (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.61–1.43 and 0.93; 95% CI 0.60–1.45, respectively). None of these associations reached statistical significance. Conclusions Plasma magnesium concentration at baseline is not associated with the risk for future AAC. Interventions increasing magnesium to avoid vascular calcification may have greatest potential in early CKD stages prior to onset of vascular calcification.
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Wang, Zhe. "P1273EFFECTS OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC CALCIFICATION PROGRESSION ON OUTCOMES IN MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1273.
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Abstract Background and Aims Vascular calcification is the risk factor for cardiovascular event, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. We investigated the effects of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) progression on outcomes in MHD patients. Method 111 patients who were on MHD between Jun. 2014 and Oct. 2014 in the dialysis center and finished the AAC examination at baseline and two years later were included prospectively. We evaluated the progression of AAC by AAC score (AACs) at baseline and two years later. According to the change of AACs, the patients were divided into rapid AAC progression group (change of AACs>median) and non-rapid AAC progression group (change of AACs≤median). We investigated the effects of AAC progression on outcomes in MHD patients in the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare their survival rate. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the risk factors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events. Results The presence of AAC was 78.4% (87/111), rapid AAC progression was seen in 54 patients, and non-rapid AAC progression was seen in 57 patients. The mean follow-up duration was 27.9(27.1, 28.0) months. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in rapid AAC progression group had a higher risk of mortality as compared to patients in non-rapid AAC progression group (P=0.017). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high baseline AACs (HR=1.135, 95%CI∼1.001∼1.286, P=0.048), hypoproteinemia (HR=0.789, 95%CI 0.640∼0.972, P=0.026) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. High baseline AACs (HR=1.187, 95%CI 1.038∼1.356, P=0.012), low spKt/V (HR=0.103, 95%CI 0.013∼0.801, P=0.030) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Low spKt/V (HR=0.018, 95%CI 0.003∼0.115, P=0.000), hypoproteinemia (HR=0.736, 95%CI 0.608∼0.890, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. Conclusion Abdominal aortic calcification progression may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and death in MHD patients. Severity of abdominal aortic calcification, adequacy of dialysis, and nutritional status are predictors of outcomes in MHD patients.
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Jia, Jundi, Jie Zhang, Qiao He, Mingqi Wang, Qiyu Liu, Tongxin Wang, Xuanye Chen, Wen Wang, and Hao Xu. "Association between dietary vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification among the US adults." Nutrition Journal 22, no. 1 (November 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00889-y.
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Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, and vascular calcification has been highly correlated with CVD events. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been shown to predict subclinical CVD and incident CVD events. However, the relationship between vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification remains unclear. Objective To investigate the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC among the adult population in the US. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 provided the data for the cross-sectional study. 2297 subjects (1089 males) were included in the study. Two scoring systems, AAC 24-point scale (Kauppila) and AAC 8-point scale (Schousboe), were used for the measurement of AAC score. Dietary vitamin C intake was calculated as the average of two rounds of 24-h interview recall data and classified in tertiles for analysis. We applied weighted multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC score and the risk of having AAC. To ensure the robustness of the findings, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Additionally, smooth curve fittings, using generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to visualize potential nonlinear relationships. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis on the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was also conducted. Results The results showed that higher dietary vitamin C intake was related to a reduction in AAC score (AAC-24: β = -0.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.565, -0.111, P = 0.004; AAC-8: β = -0.132, 95%CI -0.217, -0.047, P = 0.002), and lower risk of AAC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.807, 95%CI 0.659, 0.989, P = 0.038). However, the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was not identified. Conclusions The study revealed that higher intake of dietary vitamin C rather than vitamin C supplements was related to reduced AAC score and lower risk of AAC, indicating that diets rich in vitamin C are recommended due to its potential benefits for protecting against vascular calcification and CVD among the adult population in the US.
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Chen, Tian-Yi, Jie Yang, Li Zuo, Ling Wang, and Li-Fang Wang. "Relationship of abdominal aortic calcification with lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density assessed by quantitative computed tomography in maintenance hemodialysis patients." Archives of Osteoporosis 17, no. 1 (January 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01059-z.
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Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), which is a marker of vascular calcification, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods All participants underwent lumbar vertebral vBMD measurement by QCT. Eight cross-sections were extracted sequentially and analyzed by ImageJ software to obtain the ratio of the calcified area to the abdominal aortic area (the calcification ratio). The AAC score was determined by the sum of the calcification ratios. The relationship between AAC and vBMD was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Ninety MHD patients (58.89% male) with a mean age of 63.43 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.20) years were included in the study. AAC was present (AAC score > 0) in 93.33% of the patients. The 75th percentile of the AAC score corresponding to 119 was used as the cutoff point between the mild and severe groups. After full adjustment in the logistic model, AAC was found to be inversely associated with vBMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.970; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.944 to 0.996; P = 0.025), and patients with osteoporosis had a significantly higher risk of severe AAC than those with normal bone mass (OR, 14.498; 95% CI, 1.507 to 139.486; P = 0.021). The independent inverse association was still stable after adjusting for variables measured at different time periods and using different cutoff points of the AAC score. Conclusion There was an independent inverse association between AAC and vBMD, and osteoporosis was significantly associated with severe AAC in patients with MHD.
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Roendbjerg, Anne Kristine, Marianne Rix, Mette Gyldenløve, Dorrit Krustrup, Ilse Vejborg, Lars Lönn, Andreas Pasch, Lone Skov, and Ditte Hansen. "P1241CALCIFICATIONS IN DIFFERENT VASCULAR BEDS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE INCLUDING CALCIFIC UREMIC ARTERIOLOPATHY: ARE SKIN PUNCH BIOPSIES USEFUL?" Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1241.
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Abstract Background and Aims Accelerated vascular calcification in different vascular beds is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A severe form of vascular calcifications is calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) presenting with painful ischemic skin lesions and high mortality. The prognostic value of skin biopsies in relation to CUA is unclear and the prevalence of skin vascular calcifications in different stages of CKD is sparsely described. The aim of the study was to describe the occurence of small vesssel vascular calcifications in unaffected skin biopsies in relation to calcifications in other vascular beds across the spectrum of CKD including CUA. Method A cross-sectional cohort (total, n=39) comprising dialysis patients with current or previous CUA (CKD5D+CUA, n=9), dialysis patients without CUA (CKD5D-CUA, n=12), patients with CKD stage 3-4 (CKD3-4, n=12), and healthy kidney controls (control, n=6). The presence of vascular calcifications in the dermis and subcutis were assessed in 4 mm punch biopsies of unaffected skin from the lateral thigh. The presence of vascular calcification was evaluated by H&E, von Kossa and Alizarin staining. The presence of breast arterial calcifications (BAC) was evaluated by mammography, the abdominal aortic calcification score (AAC) by lateral lumbar X-ray and calcification propensity was measured by T50 reflecting the calcification propensity in blood. Results None of the included patients showed vascular calcifications in skin biopsies. Declining kidney function was associated with presence of BAC, increased AAC and reduced T50 (Table). No significant difference was found between CKD5D+CUA and CKD5D-CUA regarding BAC (p=1.000), AAC (p=0.815) or T50 (p=0.165). CKD5D+CUA compared to all other groups had no difference in BAC (p=0.109) and AAC (p=0.141) but reduced T50 (p=0.004). Dialysis patients (CKD5D±CUA) had significant more BAC (p=0.003), higher AAC (p<0.001) and lower T50 (p<0.001). Conclusion No vascular calcifications were found in punch biopsies from unaffected skin in patients with different stages of CKD including CUA. Despite imaging verified vessel calcification by BAC and AAC and increased calcification propensity by T50. This suggest that conventional punch biopsies cannot be used to identify skin vascular calcification and thereby patients at risk for developing CUA.
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Ramos, Sofia, Sheetal Daya, Mohammed Tikly, Nigel J. Crowther, and Nasrin Goolam Mahyoodeen. "SUN-545 High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Psoriasis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.951.
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Abstract Psoriasis has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies indicate that the presence of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Multi-detector computed tomography provides a reliable and accurate method for the detection of abdominal aortic calcification. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of AAC in patients with psoriasis. Adult psoriasis patients (n=69) and controls (n=80) were recruited from the Dermatology and Rheumatology clinics at 3 academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Controls were matched for gender, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). Non-contrast abdominal CT imaging was performed on patients and controls. The images were then assessed for presence and location (supra-coeliac, supramesenteric, supra-renal, proximal infra-renal, aortic bifurcation) of AAC. Patients had a mean age and disease duration of 53.3 ± 14.5 years and 18.9 ± 13.3 years, respectively. There was a significantly higher prevalence of smoking, hypertension and type 2 diabetes in patients compared to controls (56.5% vs 25.0%, P<0.005; 72.5% vs 55.0%, P<0.005; 24.6% vs 3.80%, P<0.0005, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher prevalence of AAC at any site in psoriasis patients (47.8% vs 22.5%, P<0.005). The aortic bifurcation was the commonest site for AAC in patients and controls, and the prevalence was significantly higher in the psoriasis group (42.0% vs 21.3%, p<0.005). However, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, smoking and the metabolic syndrome were significantly associated with AAC (P<0.0001, P=0.0002, P=0.027 respectively) and attenuated the relationship between psoriasis and AAC to non-significance (P=0.376). This suggests the increased risk of aortic calcification in psoriasis is mediated by the high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in this population. These data highlight the increased cardiovascular disease risk within subjects with psoriasis and the need for lifestyle modification to decrease risk factor burden.
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Sawaf, Bisher, Sarya Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, Haidara Bohsas, Mohamad Nour Nasif, Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad, Nagham Jawish, et al. "Abstract 18786: The Association Between Aortic Abdomen Calcification, Systemic Immune Inflammation Index, Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity, Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Triglyceride-Glucose Index Among Non-Diabetic Patients: A NHANES 2013-2014 Cross Sectional Study." Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (November 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.18786.
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Background: Not enough studies showed the predictive value of systemic immune inflammation (SII) index, estimated pulse wave velocity (EPWV) index, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index for developing abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). This study assesses the relationship between the previous indexes and the risk of AAC. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was utilized. The study included data from 2013 to 2014. We included non-diabetic participants aged 18 years or older. All studied indexes were divided into four quartiles, except AIP, into two categories. SPSS was used for the analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the included indexes in predicting AAC were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the associated factors with higher values of studied indexes. Results: The analysis included 1315 non-diabetic patients, of which 324 had AAC, and 74 had severe AAC. Except for SII index, all indexes showed a statistically significant association with the presence of AAC (P < 0.05). AAC was more prevalent among patients in the third and fourth quartiles of all Triglyceride-Glucose Index models, p-value<0.05. Participants in the second quartile of the AIP were more likely to be affected by AAC, p-value<0.05. In addition, all unadjusted regression models showed that higher values of the inquired indexes were significantly associated with the risk of abdominal aortic calcification. The areas under the curve (AUC) for TyG index, AIP, and EPWV were 0.558 (95% CI 0.52-0.59), 0.551(95% CI 0.51- 0.58), 0.692 (95% CI 0.65- 0.72) (p-value ≤ 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Among all involved indexes, the estimated pulse wave velocity index was the best indicator for abdominal aortic calcification.
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Li, Wenxiang, Guangyi Huang, Ningning Tang, Peng Lu, Li Jiang, Jian Lv, Yuanjun Qin, Yunru Lin, Fan Xu, and Daizai Lei. "Identification of dietary components in association with abdominal aortic calcification." Food & Function, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3fo02920d.
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The precise impact of dietary components on vascular health remains incompletely understood. To identify the dietary components and their associations with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), the data from NHANES was...
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Lee, Szu‐Ying, Chia‐Ter Chao, Jenq‐Wen Huang, and Kuo‐Chin Huang. "Vascular Calcification as an Underrecognized Risk Factor for Frailty in 1783 Community‐Dwelling Elderly Individuals." Journal of the American Heart Association 9, no. 18 (September 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.017308.
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Background Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality among older adults, a population that exhibits a higher tendency for developing frailty at the same time. Whether VC serves as a risk factor for the development of frailty in this population remains unclear. Methods and Results We analyzed a prospectively assembled cohort of community‐dwelling older adults between 2014 and 2017 (n=1783). Frailty and prefrailty were determined on the basis of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures criteria, and VC was measured using semiquantitative aortic arch calcification (AAC) and abdominal aortic calcification scoring. We conducted multiple logistic regression with prefrailty or frailty as the dependent variable, incorporating sociodemographic profiles, comorbidities, medications, laboratory data, AAC status/severity, and other geriatric phenotypes. Among all participants, 327 (18.3%) exhibited either prefrailty (15.3%) or frailty (3.1%), and 648 (36.3%) exhibited AAC. After adjusting for multiple confounders, we found that AAC incidence was associated with a substantially higher probability of prefrailty or frailty (odds ratio [OR], 11.9; 95% CI, 7.9–15.4), with a dose‐responsive relationship (OR for older adults with AAC categories 1, 2, and 3 was 9.3, 13.6, and 52.5, respectively). Similar association was observed for older adults with abdominal aortic calcification (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.3–19.5), and might be replicable in another cohort of patients with end‐stage renal disease. Conclusions Severity of VC exhibited a linear positive relationship with frailty in older adults. Our findings suggest that a prompt diagnosis and potential management of VC may assist in risk mitigation for patients with frailty.
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Qin, Zheng, Hancong Li, Yingfei Xu, Jiameng Li, Baihai Su, and Ruoxi Liao. "Higher Blood Lead Level Is Associated With Increased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 8 (October 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.747498.
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Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults aged ≥40 years.Methods: We obtained data from 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants missing the data of BLL and AAC scores were excluded. BLL was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly. AAC scores were quantified by Kauppila score system, and severe AAC was defined as AAC score >6. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between BLL with AAC score and severe AAC.Results: A total of 1,530 participants were included with the mean BLL of 1.45 ± 1.31 ng/dl and mean AAC score of 1.40 ± 3.13. The prevalence of severe AAC was 7.98% overall, and participants in higher BLL quartile showed higher prevalence of severe AAC (Quartile 1: 3.55%, Quartile 2: 7.28%, Quartile 3: 9.88%, Quartile 4: 12.58%, P < 0.0001). BLL was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, P = 0.021) and increased risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis and interaction test indicated that the association between BLL and AAC was similar in different population settings.Conclusions: Higher BLL was associated with higher AAC score and increased risk of severe AAC. Lead burden should be considered for people with AAC in clinical settings.
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Mao, Liman, Haole Huang, Meiyang Zhou, and Canxin Zhou. "Correlation between circulating dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein and vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients." International Journal of Artificial Organs, October 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03913988241293980.
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Introduction: To explore the association between serum Dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: A total 128 PD patients and 120 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Serum dp-ucMGP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Abdominal lateral plain radiography was used to evaluate the abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS). PD patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of AAC. The relationships between dp-ucMGP levels and AACS were assessed by Spearman analysis and the value of dp-ucMGP in predicting AAC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results: Serum dp-ucMGP in PD patients were significantly higher than controls ( p < 0.05). And PD patients with AAC had higher serum dp-ucMGP than that of PD patients without AAC ( p < 0.05). The serum dp-ucMGP levels was positively associated with AACS ( r = 0.794, p < 0.0001) in PD patients. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that serum dp-ucMGP was independent factors of AAC in PD patients (OR = 2.555, 95% CI = 1.415–4.609). The area under ROC curve of dp-ucMGP was 0.9227, the corresponding sensitivity was 0.86, and the specificity was 0.92. Conclusion: Serum dp-ucMGP levels were positively associated with the AACS in PD patients. Higher serum dp-ucMGP level is independently associated with AAC in PD patients.