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Journal articles on the topic 'Abdominal ectopia cordis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Rahman, Md Hamidur, Mahmuda Hassan, Kona Chowdhury, and Abdul Quddus. "Ectopia Cordis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 2 (2016): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i2.14807.

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Ectopia Cordis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. Usually ectopiacordis is associated with other multiple anomalies and intra cardiac defects. The five main ectopic positions are adjacent to the thorax approximately 60%, abdominal is 15-30%, thoraco-abdominal is 7-18%, cervical is about 3% and least is the cervicothoracic. We are reporting a case of ectopiacordis of abdominal type. This is the first reported abdominal ectopia cordis case in Bangladesh.

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2

Caliskan, N., E. Forrez, N. Van Roy, and S. Roels. "Abdominal ectopia cordis in an aborted calf without chromosomal aberrations." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 90, no. 4 (2021): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v90i4.20710.

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Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart out of the thoracic cavity. Apart from cattle, the condition has also been described in humans and is frequently associated with Cantrell’s pentalogy. It is classified into five types: cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, abdominal and thoracoabdominal. The prognosis is poor and ectopia cordis may be linked to the presence of unbalanced chromosome alterations. In this report, a case of abdominal ectopia cordis is described in an aborted calf, in which no unbalanced structural chromo

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3

Kabbani, Mohamed S., Khalid Rasheed, Mohammed S. Mallick, Hannan Abu-Hassan, and Saad Al-Yousef. "Thoraco-Abdominal Ectopia Cordis: Case Report." Annals of Saudi Medicine 22, no. 5-6 (2002): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2002.366.

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4

García-Muñoz, Iván, Efrén Flores-Álvarez, Javier González-Peña, Miguel Ángel Chagolla-Santillán, Iliana Acevedo-Bañuelos, and Elena Rocha-Peña. "Ectopia Cordis: reporte de un caso." Lux Médica 10, no. 30 (2015): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/30lm2015757.

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La ectopia cordis es una posición anómala en la cual el corazón se ubica de forma parcial o total fuera de la cavidad torácica. Su tasa de incidencia es extremadamente baja, representa el 0.5% de las cardiopatías de tipo congénito. El corazón puede ubicarse en la región cervical, torácica, abdominal o torácico-abdominal. El pronóstico a corto plazo es malo debido a las malformaciones asociadas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente recién nacida, a quien se le diagnosticó malformación congénita cardíaca de tipo ectopia cordis desde la gestación, al nacimiento se confirmó un defecto del tipo torá

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5

Bhatnagar, V., AK Singal, and P. Balamourougane. "Primary closure of thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis." Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 11, no. 4 (2006): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.29613.

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6

Ashwin, V. Apte. "Thoraco-Abdominal Ectopia Cordis: A Rare Entity. Case Report and Review of Literature." PJSR 1, no. 1 (2008): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8245644.

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Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital abnormality characterised by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. It can be associated with other congenital abnormalities. The present case was a two hours old male child and a product of non-consanguineous marriage. Child had thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. Condition of child detoriated rapidly and succumbed before any investigation and surgical intervention could be performed.

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7

Pappalardo, Elisa, Ferdinando Antonio Gulino, Carla Ettore, Francesco Cannone, and Giuseppe Ettore. "Body Stalk Anomaly Complicated by Ectopia Cordis: First-Trimester Diagnosis of Two Cases Using 2- and 3-Dimensional Sonography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5 (2023): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051896.

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Introduction: Body stalk anomaly is a severe defect of the abdominal wall, characterized by the evisceration of abdominal organs and, in more severe cases, thoracic organs as well. The most serious condition in a body stalk anomaly may be complicated by ectopia cordis, an abnormal location of the heart outside the thorax. The aim of this scientific work is to describe our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis as part of the first-trimester sonographic screening for aneuploidy. Methods: We report two cases of body stalk anomalies complicated by ectopia cordis. The first case

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8

Andrianjakamanana, Tolojanahary Herizo, Alice Razafindrahova Patricia Alice Patricia, Christian Tomboravo, et al. "Ectopia Cordis Thoraco-Abdominal Diagnosed with Antenatal Ultrasound." American Journal of Medical Science and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmsi.v2i1.1157.

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In this article we report a case of ectopia cordis, which is a rare congenital malformation characterized by an extra-thoracic position of the heart. This is the thoracic-abdominal form, of antenatal discovery on a pregnancy of 35 weeks and 03 days, during an obstetric ultrasound monitoring pregnancy during the third trimester of pregnancy, made at the University Hospital Professor Zafisaona Gabriel, Mahajanga Madagascar. The objective of this work is to report the antenatal ultrasound diagnostic elements of this rare malformation. Ultrasound plays an important role in antenatal diagnosis and

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9

Shrestha, Ramesh, S. Chhetri, MC Regmi, and P. Basnet. "Ectopia Cordis: a Rare Congenital Condition." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12, no. 1 (2018): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v12i1.18984.

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Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation and only few cases have been reported in literature previously. It is defined as the complete or partial evisceration of heart outside the thoracic cavity through the sternal defect. Most cases are sporadic. The classical presentation for the antenatal diagnosis on ultrasonography is a pulsating heart out of the thoracic cavity with absent chest wall.We reported three cases of ectopia cordis in the last one and half year in our institute. Two of them were diagnosed on ultrasound and the third case terminated for meningocele with severe oligohydr

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10

Muhammad, Umar Nisar, Sikander Samer, Akhtar Nadeem, Atanasova Maria-Desislava, and Inkov Ivan. "Pentalogy of Cantrell or Cantrell Syndrome: One in a million disease." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3, no. 7 (2019): 482–85. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.Pantalogy-Cantrell-Cantrell-Syndrome.

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Introduction: Pentalogy of Cantrell (PS) or Cantrell Sydrome (CS), first described by Cantrell in 1958, is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by defect in lower sternum, anterior abdominal wall defect, defect in anterior diaphragm, ectopia cordis and congenital heart disease. Case Report: A 12 hours female neonate born to full term primigravida was reffered to us with her heart lying outside the chest and an omphalocele as well. Baby had complete thoracic ectopia cordis, midline anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect through with liver was protruding which was covered by a membrane. Stern

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11

Agrawal, Sujan Narayan, Vivek K. Joshi, Sarita Sanapale, and Praveen C. Tiwari. "Ectopia cordis: a case report and review of literature." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 2 (2018): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180386.

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The Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital condition. It is characterized by the abnormal position of the heart outside the thoracic cavity, associated with defects in the parietal pericardium, diaphragm, sternum, and, in most cases, cardiac malformations. The reported prevalence is 5.5 to 7.9 per million live births. The designation Ectopia cordis was first proposed by Abott in 1998, although cases of patients with similar defects had been reported in past. Only 267 cases have been reported as of 2001, most (95%) associated with other cardiac abnormalities. A 10 hour old, normal, vaginally deliv

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Andrianjakamanana, Tolojanahary Herizo, Patricia Alice Razafindrahova, Christian Tomboravo, et al. "Ectopia Cordis Thoraco-Abdominal Diagnosed with Antenatal Ultrasound." American Journal of Medical Science and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmsi.v2i1.1157.

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In this article we report a case of ectopia cordis, which is a rare congenital malformation characterized by an extra-thoracic position of the heart. This is the thoracic-abdominal form, of antenatal discovery on a pregnancy of 35 weeks and 03 days, during an obstetric ultrasound monitoring pregnancy during the third trimester of pregnancy, made at the University Hospital Professor Zafisaona Gabriel, Mahajanga Madagascar. The objective of this work is to report the antenatal ultrasound diagnostic elements of this rare malformation. Ultrasound plays an important role in antenatal diagnosis and

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13

Shenoy, Heera T., Prasanna Venugopal, Raghu S., and Remash K. "Incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 1 (2018): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20185446.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a defect in the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and anterior abdominal wall; ectopia cordis; and congenital heart disease. Authors report a case of male foetus terminated at 20 weeks of gestation with an Incomplete (class 3) pentalogy of Cantrell presenting with gastroschisis, ectopia cordis and absence of lower sterna. Prognosis of pentalogy of Cantrell depends on severity of intra and extra cardiac defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, extent of abdominal wall defect, cerebral anomalies and diaphragmatic herniation. Full pe

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14

Kylat. "Complete and Incomplete Pentalogy of Cantrell." Children 6, no. 10 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children6100109.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a malformation characterized by defects in the ventral abdominal wall, lower sternum, diaphragmatic pericardium, anterior diaphragm associated with omphalocele, thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis, diaphragmatic hernia, and intracardiac abnormalities. PC is stratified as complete or incomplete and we present both the complete and incomplete forms.

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Cakiroglu, Yigit, Emek Doger, Sule Yildirim Kopuk, Kadir Babaoglu, Eray Caliskan, and Gulseren Yucesoy. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Cantrell’s Pentalogy Associated with Agenesis of Left Limb in a Twin Pregnancy." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314284.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare malformation described in the literature. We report a case of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with left limb deficiency in a twin pregnancy. The fetus with multiple anomalies revealed kyphosis, ectopia cordis, and a large defect with protruding liver and bowel loops at 12 weeks and 3 days of gestational age on ultrasound scan. The other fetus was ultrasonographically normal. We diagnosed a case of pentalogy of Cantrell in a twin pregnancy after exclusion of limb body wall complex, body stalk anomaly, and amniotic band syndrome and after delivery of the fetuses.

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16

Silva, Letícia Ledo, Emanuelly Ledo Silva, Caroline Medeiros Carminatti, Marcos Felipe Teodoro Braga, and Augusto Castelli von Atzingen. "Ectopia cordis e suas especificidades atualmente: uma revisão literária integrativa." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 12 Edição Especial (2024): e6460. https://doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n12-009.

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Introdução: A Ectopia cordis (EC) é uma doença congênita rara em que o coração se encontra fora da cavidade torácica, total ou parcialmente. Essa é diagnosticada durante o período pré-natal, sendo a cirurgia após o nascimento o tratamento padrão ouro. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão na literatura sobre a patologia e mecanismos da Ectopia cordis, sua forma de diagnóstico e tratamento. Metodologia: Esta revisão integrativa utiliza-se de artigos gratuitos publicados, entre 2020 e 2024, pelas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e PUBMED e dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (D

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17

Ozdemir–Salci, Emsal Sinem, and Koray Yildirim. "Thoracic ectopia cordis, sternal agenesis, partial ectopia hepatica and fissure abdominalis in a German Shepherd puppy with milder incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell. Clinical case." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias XXXIV, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34306.

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A newborn German Shepherd breed male puppy was presented with the complaint that some organs were formed outside the chest and abdomen. The rhythmic movements of the swelling under the chest pointed out the heart and the swelling under the abdomen was covered with a membrane. On the lateral radiograph of body, sternal agenesis, extra–thoracic location of the heart, and normal diaphragmatic border were seen, while the swelling in the abdomen was thought to be liver. During the diagnostic steps, the puppy died, and necropsy was performed. At necropsy, it was observed that the heart wrapped with

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18

Derkar, Surabhi. "Ectopia cordis with omphalocele and exencephaly – A case report." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.026.

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Ectopia cordis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly where the heart is in extrathoracic location partially or completely. We report a case of a 25-year-old primigravida with uneventful pregnancy, no relevant family or personal history, in which the prenatal fetal ultrasound performed at 19 weeks of gestation revealed an anterior abdominal wall defect with exteriorisation of the heart and exencephaly. The pregnancy was terminated after counselling parents with baby weighing 119 gm. Sonographic findings were confirmed on post-natal examination.

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Bautista, Catherine H., Joanna Chen, Laurel Ormiston, Zachary J. Moore, Adil Husain, and Barbu Gociman. "Pectoralis Major and Abdominis Rectus Musculocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Sternal Wound Closure in Ectopia Cordis." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 11 (2024): e6299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006299.

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Summary: Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital condition resulting in extrathoracic positioning of the heart. The severity of presentation may vary with partial or complete displacement through sternal or diaphragmatic defects. Operative management is typically required, but due to the rarity of the condition, no standard exists for optimal closure. Reconstruction techniques can include compound local flap placement including pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, or latissimus dorsi flaps as well as synthetic material placement, autologous bone, and cartilage grafts to correct sternal deformity. T

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Hashim, Hashim Talib, Mohammedbaqer Ghuraibawi, Fatimah Abdullah Sulaiman, et al. "Asymptomatic young male with ectopia cordis interna: A rare case report." Medicine 104, no. 30 (2025): e43626. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000043626.

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Rationale: Ectopia cordis interna is a rare congenital condition that occurs when the heart is found within the abdominal cavity. Patient concerns: A 22-year-old Iraqi male with a chest infection presented to the clinic with a chest infection, during which the anomaly was incidentally discovered. Diagnoses: Although there are no clear symptoms, the anomaly can lead to potential risks during any abdominal procedures. Interventions: The patient got a chest X-ray for his infection, which revealed the anomaly. Outcomes and lessons: The case highlights the importance of early detection of this cond

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Yang, Yi, Hong Wang, Zhenpeng Wang, Xuefeng Pan, and Ying Chen. "First trimester diagnosis of body stalk anomaly complicated by ectopia cordis." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 12 (2020): 030006052098021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520980210.

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Body stalk anomaly is a rare abnormality characterized by an abdominal wall defect with evisceration of abdominal organs, severe kyphoscoliosis, and a very short or absent umbilical cord. Ectopia cordis (EC) is a rare, lethal anomaly characterized by complete or partial malpositioning of the heart outside of the thorax. A 28-year-old healthy primigravida was referred to our department to undergo a nuchal translucency thickness scan at 12 weeks’ gestation. The scan revealed typical features of body stalk anomaly and EC. Given the lethal condition of the fetus, the patient opted for termination

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Saleena, Resheed, and Annie Varghese Riby. "A Review of Fetal Ectopia Cordis." Research and Reviews: Neonatal and Pediatric Nursing 3, no. 1 (2025): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14776664.

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<em>Fetal ectopia cordis is a rare and complex congenital anomaly that carries a high mortality rate. Prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this condition and to develop effective management strategies.</em>

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Madi, José Mauro, José Roberto Festugatto, Matheus Rizzon, Ana Paula Agostini, Breno Fauth de Araújo, and Rosa Maria Rahmi Garcia. "Ectopia Cordis Associated with Pentalogy of Cantrell—A Case Report." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 41, no. 05 (2019): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679878.

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AbstractPentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by changes in the mesodermal median structures and congenital heart disease, often with a poor prognosis. In 1958, Cantrell et al2 defined the full spectrum of the syndrome with the following anomalies: defects of the anterior diaphragm, of the lower part of the sternum, of the supraumbilical region and the abdominal wall, of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and various intracardiac congenital abnormalities. The present report describes a case of ectopia cordis associated with PC and the importance of the participation

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Pete, Barbara, Júlia Hajdú, Ágnes Harmath, et al. "Pentalogy of Cantrell: six new cases." Orvosi Hetilap 150, no. 45 (2009): 2068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28744.

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Cantrell’s pentalogy is a rare multiple malformation syndrome consisting of supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, sternal defect, pericardial defect, anterior diaphragmatic defect and heart malformation. Aims and methods: Prenatal ultrasound findings and malformations described during autopsy of the Cantrell’s pentalogy cases diagnosed between January 1991 and June 2009 in our institute were reviewed. A literature research was conducted to analyze the prevalence and prenatal detection rate of the five previously described malformations and ectopia cordis in the Cantrell’s pentalogy cases. Resu

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Diaz-Serani, Ricardo, and Waldo Sepulveda. "Trisomy 18 in a First-Trimester Fetus with Thoraco-Abdominal Ectopia Cordis." Fetal and Pediatric Pathology 39, no. 1 (2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2019.1629132.

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Bwalya, Mubanga, Ndanji Ivy Chikasa, Osward Bwanga, et al. "Medical Imaging of Pentalogy of Cantrell: A Case Report from Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 49, no. 1 (2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.49.1.1110.

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Medical imaging plays a significant role in the detection of foetal anomalies, such as the Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC). POC is a congenital anomaly involving five or fewer body malformations: ectopia cordis (EC), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), sternal defects, diaphragmatic defects, and abdominal wall defects. The commonly used imaging modality in the detection of POC during pregnancy is ultrasound because it uses non-ionising radiation, is cheap, and is available in most medical facilities. We report a rare case of POC from a medical imaging standpoint in Zambia. Two obstetric ultrasound scans we

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Castellano-Avile, Magaly, Yanileisy Cardoso-Marrero, and Yanet Mujica-Castañeda. "Diagnóstico ecográfico de ectopia cordis en el tercer trimestre de gestación. Informe de caso." Mediciego 29 (October 13, 2023): e3393. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12521463.

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<strong>Introducción: </strong>la <em>ectopia cordis</em> es una malformación cardíaca congénita no sindrómica, poco frecuente y potencialmente mortal, caracterizada por la ubicación completa o parcial del corazón fuera de la cavidad torácica, con frecuencia asociada a defectos diafragmáticos, pericárdicos o de la pared torácica y abdominal o a ambas. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> presentar un caso de <em>ectopia cordis</em> toracoabdominal diagnosticado a las 30 semanas de gestación por medio del ultrasonido. <st

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Kosovtsova, Elena V., Alexandr V. Pozdnyakov, Nikolay G. Pilyugov, Alexey B. Naumov, and Sergey P. Marchenko. "The modern methods of X-Ray based diagnostic in cases of ectopia cordis associated with pentalogy of Cantrell." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 4 (2017): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8492-98.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell with ectopia cordis is an extremely rare and lethal congenital anomaly included congenital hearth disease (CHD), midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, defect of lower sternum part, deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, a defect in the diaphragmatic pericardium. The complexity of this syndrome is usually incompatible with life. Depending on the location of the protruding heart and on the extent of the body wall defect, ectopia cordis may be grouped into cervical, thoracic, thoracoabdominal, or abdominal types. The heart mostly uncovered, covered with a serous membr

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Türkçapar, Ayşe Figen, Ayla Sargın Oruc, Aysegül Öksüzoglu, and Nuri Danışman. "Diagnosis of Pentalogy of Cantrell in the First Trimester Using Transvaginal Sonography and Color Doppler." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/179298.

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We report the prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell syndrome in the first trimester. During a routine transabdominal ultrasonographic examination, a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver and ectopia cordis with a large omphalocele containing the intestines and cystic hygroma was incidentally identified at the 12th week of gestation. A transvaginal sonography examination revealed a severe lumbosacral scoliosis in addition to the inability to visualize the abdominal aorta which was indicative of a severe intracardiac defect. The parents opted for pregnancy to be termina

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Ilic-Sabo, Jelena, Tamara Boskovic, Mirjana Zivojinov, and Aleksandra Fejsa-Levakov. "Pentalogy of Cantrell in twins: A case report." Medical review 68, no. 11-12 (2015): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1512410i.

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Introduction. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a very rare congenital multiple malformation with the poor outcome. Syndrome included the following pentad: abdominal wall defect, a defect of the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm defect, ectopia cordis, as well as a variety of intracardiac anomalies. Case Report. In the fifteenth week of the twin pregnancy, ultrasound examination showed multiple anomalies in one, as well as the absence of the nose apex in the other twin. The autopsy of the fetuses was performed after the abortion had been approved by the Ethics Committee. The external examination of the

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Tile, Rajesh, and Supriya Jamkhandi. "Pentology of Cantrell: a rare case report with review of literature." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 7 (2018): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182917.

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Pentology of Cantrell a rare congenital disorder of unknown etiology consists of pentad of: defect in the diaphragm, abdominal wall defect, deficiency of the pericardium and intracardiac defects. The hallmark diagnostic findings being ectopia cordis and omphalocoele. The exact pathogenesis is not clear, and the prognosis of this lethal condition depends on the severity of anterior abdominal wall defect and associated cardiac anamoly. Antenatal ultrasonography is a reliable tool of diagnosis and allow for termination of pregnancy if done before 20weeks of pregnancy. First described by Cantrell

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Araujo Júnior, Edward, Milene Carvalho Carrilho, Bruno Rodrigues Toneto, and José Cicero Guilhen. "Pentalogy of Cantrell: Prenatal Diagnosis, Delivery, and Immediate Postnatal Surgical Repair." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 6, no. 2 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/jns.v6i2.503.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a congenital anomaly characterized by a defect in the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and anterior abdominal wall; ectopia cordis; and congenital heart disease. It is a very rare congenital anomaly and the prenatal diagnosis is possible in the beginning of second trimester of pregnancy using the conventional ultrasonography. The prognosis is poor with high rates of perinatal mortality. We present a case report of prenatal diagnosis of PC at 22 weeks and 3 days of gestation. We emphasize the prenatal care follow up in a tertiary reference center, the parental co

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Maheshwari, Vaibhav, and Manoranjan Sahoo. "Anesthesia for Pentalogy of Cantrell with Surgical Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot Along with Absent Diaphragm: A Case Study." Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia 28, no. 2 (2025): 181–83. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.aca_213_24.

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ABSTRACT Pentalogy of Cantrell compiles the union of five anomalies including defects of the midline abdominal wall, lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, diaphragmatic pericardium, and any form of intra-cardiac pathology 1. The intra-cardiac defects associated commonly are ventricular septal defects, followed by atrial septal defects, Tetralogy of Fallot, and pulmonary stenosis 2. It is also a rare syndrome with an estimated incidence of 1:65,000 to 200,000 live births.3 4 Here in we present a case of a 4-year-old male patient, diagnosed with Pentalogy of Cantrel was referred to our institute wi

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Bwalya, Mubanga, Ndanji Ivy Chikasa, Osward Bwanga, et al. "Medical Imaging of Pentalogy of Cantrell: A Case Report from Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 49, no. 1 (2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.49.1.56.

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Medical imaging plays a significant role in the detection of foetal anomalies, such as the Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC). POC is a congenital anomaly involving five or fewer body malformations: ectopia cordis (EC), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), sternal defects, diaphragmatic defects, and abdominal wall defects. The commonly used imaging modality in the detection of POC during pregnancy is ultrasound because it uses non-ionising radiation, is cheap, and is available in most medical facilities. We report a rare case of POC from a medical imaging standpoint in Zambia. Two obstetric ultrasound scans we

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J. Aboud, Mohammed. "Pentalogy of Cantrell." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (2017): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2007.2.3.173-181.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare syndrome that consists of defects involving the diaphragm, abdominal wall, pericardium, heart and lower sternum. A 2 â€“day- old male neonate presented to the pediatric surgical unit in the Maternity and Child Teaching hospital\AL-diwaniya with abdominal wall defect,precious baby deliverd by C\S to the mother with history of primary infertility for more than 13 year, The first clinical evaluation revealed epigastric omphalocele ( liver ,spleen and transverse colon were exposed with rupture sac , sternal defect , and ectopia cordis. U\S ,echocardogram and radiolo

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Pachajoa, Harry. "Pentalogía de Cantrell en el primer gemelo de un embarazo gemelar monocigótico: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 62, no. 1 (2011): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.247.

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Introducción: la Pentalogía de Cantrell (PC) se compone de cinco anomalías: defecto superior de pared abdominal, defecto esternal inferior, defecto diafragmático anterior, defecto pericárdico diafragmático y anormalidades del corazón. Cerca de 250 casos han sido reportados, solo 6 involucran gemelos, y de estos 4 describen discordancia de esta anomalía.Objetivo: realizar la presentación de un caso de PC asociado a embarazo gemelar y la revisión de la literatura de esta asociación con énfasis en el diagnóstico prenatal y la etiología.Materiales y métodos: se presenta un caso de Pentalogía de Ca

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Muñoz Mora, Andrea Karina, María Soledad Ordóñez Velecela, Luis Enrique Marcano Sanz, and Miurkys Endis Miranda. "A propósito de un caso: Resolución quirúrgica en dos tiempos de Pentalogía de Cantrell." Revista Médica del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga 12, no. 3 (2020): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14410/2020.12.3.cc.34.

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BACKGROUND: Cantrell’s pentalogy includes the presence of five birth defects that represent a great challenge for surgeons. Abnormalities of the heart, pericardium, diaphragm, sternumand anterior abdominal wall are the main findings. Its incidence is low, however, it is essential to identify Cantrell´s pentalogy timely to adopt an adequate therapy for all specific defects, since it has high mortality. CASE REPORT: The patient was a full- term male newborn, with a history of abdominal wall defect compatible with an omphalocele detected by prenatal ultrasound. After the caesarean section, the ab

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Grigore, Mihaela, Romeo Micu, Roxana Matasariu, Odetta Duma, Anca Lucia Chicea, and Radu Chicea. "Cantrell syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy: imagistic findings and literature review." Medical Ultrasonography 22, no. 2 (2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-2316.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is a rare condition characterized by complete or partial expression of 5 types of congenital birth defects originating in (1) the lower sternum, (2) the anterior diaphragm, (3) the diaphragmatic pericardium, (4) the midline/ventral supraumbilical abdominal wall region, and (5) the heart. POC can be diagnosed antenatally by means of ultrasonography (US), the task being difficult if defects are minor. Advances in the field of US and the introduction of the first morphology trimester as state-of-the-art pregnancy monitoring, facilitate the early diagnosis of this condi

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Ezenwa, Beatrice Nkolika, Franklin Otugeme, Olaolu Moronkola, et al. "Complete Pentalogy Of Cantrell: Case Report And Review Of Literature." Postgraduate Medical Journal of Ghana 13, no. 2 (2024): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.60014/pmjg.v13i2.381.

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Introduction: Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is a rare congenital anomaly with two sub-categories: complete or partial. Complete has all five defects (anterior diaphragmatic defect, ventral abdominal wall defect, pericardial defect, intracardiac anomalies, and lower sternal defect). The first documented case was described by Cantrell et al. in 1958. Both sporadic and genetic causes have been proposed for POC, with a reported incidence of 5 - 10 cases per one million live births and various clinical presentations. The prognosis of POC depends on the severity of the defects and the associated cardi

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Akinsanya, A. O., and A. Inman. "A rare autopsy case of pentalogy of Cantrell with tetralogy of Fallot and olfactory bulb agenesis." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (2021): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.041.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Pentalogy of Cantrell is an uncommon congenital disorder characterized by sternal, diaphragmatic, pericardial, intracardiac and supraumbilical abdominal or chest wall defects. It is usually associated with other abnormalities and thus poses a therapeutic challenge, with a high mortality rate despite early diagnosis. Methods/Case Report This is an autopsy case of a 1 day old, former 37-week-old male infant with a prenatal diagnosis of incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell including omphalocele, ectopia cordis, pleural effusions, cardiac anomalies and polyhydramnios wh

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Aguirre-Cruz, Benito, Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez, Elizeth Mendoza-Contreras, et al. "Pentalogy of Cantrell: A challenge in prenatal diagnosis. A case report in Bolivia." Interamerican Journal of Health Sciences 5 (March 19, 2025): 238. https://doi.org/10.59471/ijhsc2025238.

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Introduction. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of less than one in 100,000 pregnancies. It is characterized by a defect in the abdominal wall at the level of the supraumbilical midline, the lower segment of the sternum, the anterior diaphragm, the diaphragmatic pericardium, and cardiac abnormalities such as ectopia cordis. Few cases of this entity have been reported in the literature in Bolivia. It is a constellation of congenital defects that pose a unique challenge, hence the importance of diagnosis in the prenatal stage. Clinical Case and Discussion. An 1

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Sonkariya, Satyendr, Deepali Bangalia, Chandradeep Mastan, and Dinesh Kumar Barolia. "Pentalogy of cantrell, type 2- A rare entity." IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science 5, no. 1 (2022): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpns.2022.006.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell is rare congenital disorder which present with ectopic cordis, diaphragmatic defect, pericardial defect, supra umbilical abdominal wall defects and congenital heart defect.: We are reporting here a case of Pentalogy of Cantrell, Type 2 in a female child. Pentalogy of Cantrell, its rarity and unknown etiology is the reason of reporting.

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Bello, E. O., J. M. Onov, O. A. Olubosede, M. A. Akinlosotu, A. D. Adetula, and J. A. Owa. "Case Report: Pentalogy of Cantrell with Cranioschisis and Facial Abnormality; An Extremely Rare Association." West J Med & Biomed Sci 3, no. 3-4 (2022): 115–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7574408.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome that is characterized by 5 major defects. The defects include midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect (omphalocele), lower sternum defect, anterior diaphragm defect, diaphragmatic pericardium defect, and heart defect (ectopic cordis and intracardial defect). In extreme cases, the condition is not compatible with life. The prognosis is even worse when it is associated with other complex anomalies. The exact cause is not completely understood. It occurs sporadically in the majority of cases with variable clinical express

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Chishugi, John B., and Trixy J. Franke. "Thoraco-abdominal Ectopia Cordis in Southwest Cameroon." Pan African Medical Journal 18 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2014.18.124.4247.

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Sheth, Megha M., Yashpal R. Rana, Meet Patel, et al. "A RARE CASE OF COMPLETE ECTOPIA CORDIS WITH COMPLEX CONGENITAL CARDIAC ANOMALIES." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, November 15, 2020, 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/6709843.

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Ectopia cordis is a very rare form of congenital malformation in which the heart is located outside the thorax, partially or totally. This abnormally located heart may be found in different anatomical locations, such as thoracic, abdominal, thoraco-abdominal, cervical or cervicothoracic. In majority, the heart projects outside the chest through a breach in sternum. This unique rare case report presents a male infant born at a peripheral hospital which was later referred to out tertiary care cardiac research institute. In our case thoracic ectopia was associated with complex cardiac anomalies.

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Mukherji, Varsha, Ridham Ridham, and Siddharth Sharma. "BODY STALK ANOMALY IN A 14-WEEK PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT." INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, March 1, 2023, 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/7807092.

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Body stalk anomaly is an uncommon and dangerous malformation for which there is no recognized cause or precise etiology. This is a case of a 29-year-old patient whose ultrasound at 12 weeks indicated megacystis and fetal ectopia cordis. A second sonography was performed on the patient to conrm the diagnosis. The results indicated a short umbilical cord, an angulation deformity of the spine, the absence of the mid and distal segments of one upper limb, ectopia cordis, a signicant abdominal wall abnormality consistent with omphalocele and the presence of a cloaca. The ultrasonographic results

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Boitor-Borza, Dan, Adelina Staicu, Roxana Constantin, and Daniel Muresan. "First trimester sonographic diagnosis of limb-body wall defect associating both cephalic and thoraco-abdominal defects – a case report and literature update." Medical Ultrasonography, May 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-3063.

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We present the first trimester prenatal ultrasonography and pathological assessment of a case diagnosed with limb-body wall complex (LBWC) presenting both exenchephaly and a complex thoraco-abdominal wall defect. Ectopia cordis is demonstrated with a movie showing the heart beating outside the body of the fetus after its expulsion. Also, we discuss the pathogenesis and possible etiology of LBWC and associated malformations and we provide an update of the literature of this very rare anomaly.

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Mukherjee, Soma, Purnima Tiwari, Nandita Bhartiya, and R. Sanghamita. "Pentalogy of Cantrell with ectopia cordis: A rare case with review of literature." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, June 30, 2021, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijms_107_2021.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital syndrome comprising five characteristic abnormalities that include midline anterior abdominal wall defect, sternal defect, diaphragmatic defect, defect in apical pericardium, and structural heart defect. The exact etiology of this syndrome is still unknown. However, many causative factors and association with other syndromes/aneuploidies (trisomy 18/trisomy 13) have been described in literature. Prognosis is often poor in cases with complete ectopia cordis with large defect. The postnatal surgical correction demands expert care in good resource s

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Schiavone, Marcella, Damiano Pizzol, Anna Claudia Colangelo, and Mario Antunes. "Conservative management of Cantrell syndrome: a case report." Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2020, no. 5 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjaa100.

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Abstract Cantrell syndrome (CS) is defined as congenital combination of five anomalies: defects at the lower part of the sternum, anterior diaphragm, midline supraumbilical abdominal wall, diaphragmatic pericardium and ectopia cordis. Antenatal screening should be performed to make an accurate prenatal diagnosis. The prognosis is usually poor with a high mortality early in life. The gold standard management is surgery but its prognosis remains poor. In many low-income settings prenatal examinations and surgery treatment are not possible. In the present case, we report a not surgery managed bab

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Frederick, Allison B., Terence J. Camilon, Evert A. Eriksson, Minoo N. Kavarana, and Christian J. Streck. "Reconstruction of a Sternal Cleft and Ventral Hernia in an Adolescent with Pentalogy of Cantrell Utilizing Titanium Plates." American Surgeon™, April 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348251332686.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital disorder that presents with several midline defects including the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart. Surgical intervention for omphaloceles and cardiac defects typically occur in infancy, but the optimal surgical repair for thoracoabdominal wall defects varies by patient. We present a 15-year-old female with PC, who underwent previous omphalocele, diaphragm, and cardiac repair as an infant, with recurrent ventral and diaphragmatic defects as well as a large sternal cleft with ectopia cordis. This case demonstrates the fea

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