Academic literature on the topic 'Ablace prsu'

ABSTRACT The type I protein secretion system of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae encoded by the prsD and prsE genes is responsible for secretion of the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-glycanases PlyA and PlyB. The formation of a ring of biofilm on the surface of the glass in shaken cultures by both the prsD and prsE secretion mutants was greatly affected. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of green-fluorescent-protein-labeled bacteria showed that during growth in minimal medium, R. leguminosarum wild type developed microcolonies, which progress to a characteristic three-dimensional biofilm structure. However, the prsD and prsE secretion mutants were able to form only an immature biofilm structure. A mutant disrupted in the EPS-glycanase plyB gene showed altered timing of biofilm formation, and its structure was atypical. A mutation in an essential gene for EPS synthesis (pssA) or deletion of several other pss genes involved in EPS synthesis completely abolished the ability of R. leguminosarum to develop a biofilm. Extracellular complementation studies of mixed bacterial cultures confirmed the role of the EPS and the modulation of the biofilm structure by the PrsD-PrsE secreted proteins. Protein analysis identified several additional proteins secreted by the PrsD-PrsE secretion system, and N-terminal sequencing revealed peptides homologous to the N termini of proteins from the Rap family (Rhizobium adhering proteins), which could have roles in cellular adhesion in R. leguminosarum. We propose a model for R. leguminosarum in which synthesis of the EPS leads the formation of a biofilm and several PrsD-PrsE secreted proteins are involved in different aspects of biofilm maturation, such as modulation of the EPS length or mediating attachment between bacteria.

The Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) coat protein transgene present in 'Rainbow' and 'SunUp' papayas disclose high sequence similarity (>89%) to the cp gene from PRSV BR and TH. Despite this, both isolates are able to break down the resistance in 'Rainbow', while only the latter is able to do so in 'SunUp'. The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of sequence similarity between the cp gene in the challenge isolate and the cp transgene in transgenic papayas resistant to PRSV. The production of a hybrid virus containing the genome backbone of PRSV HA up to the Apa I site in the NIb gene, and downstream from there, the sequence of PRSV TH was undertaken. This hybrid virus, PRSV HA/TH, was obtained and used to challenge 'Rainbow', 'SunUp', and an R2 population derived from line 63-1, all resistant to PRSV HA. PRSV HA/TH broke down the resistance in both papaya varieties and in the 63-1 population, demonstrating that sequence similarity is a major factor in the mechanism of resistance used by transgenic papayas expressing the cp gene. A comparative analysis of the cp gene present in line 55-1 and 63-1-derived transgenic plants and in PRSV HA, BR, and TH was also performed.

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of private (PRST) and public (PUST) sector-led financial sector transparencies on bank interest margins (BIM) termed as social cost of financial intermediation in different institutional quality setups. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a two-step dynamic generalized method of moments panel data and bootstrapped quantile models with 91 economies between 2004 and 2016. Data is sourced from World Development Indicator and Global Development Finance databases. Findings The results show that under strong and weak political and financial regulatory institutional setups, the reducing effect of PRST on BIM are observed and reported while the full sample reports no significant nexus between PRST and PUST on BIM. Furthermore, under political institutional quality sample, economies with strong corruption control and regulatory quality are able to reinforce the dampening effect of PRST on BIM while under the same political institutional quality sample, economies with weak rule of law are able to heighten the reducing effect of PRST on BIM. Moreover, under financial regulator institutional quality sample, economies with strong overall weighted and unweighted, chief executive officer and policy dependent central banks are able to intensify the diminishing effect of PRST on BIM while under the same financial regulator institutional quality sample, economies with weak limits on lending are able to amplify the reducing effect of PRST on BIM. However, PUST is reported to propel lower levels BIM in the bootstrap models, especially in strong institutional economies. Practical implications These findings imply that policymakers may rely on PRST to reduce BIM, especially under financial regulatory institutional quality. Additionally, economies must be careful on their reliance on PRST because the effectiveness of PRST to tame high BIM is dependent on the strength of political and financial regulatory institutions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents first time international evidence on the effect of private and public sector-led financial transparency on BIM in strong and weak political and financial regulatory institution economies.

Papaya Ring Spot virus (PRSV) is a devastating viral disease in papaya cultivation in Sri Lanka. It was reported that mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis) exhibits resistance to PRSV. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential resistance to PRSV in mountain papaya to be used in papaya improvement breeding programs. Carica papaya and V. Cundinamarcensis were inoculated with PRSV by mechanical inoculation technique and symptoms were evaluated visually. In order to detect the latent infection, a molecular method was developed. PRSV RNA genome segments were amplified using three sets of primers by RTPCR and an amplicon was sequenced to confirm the identity of PRSV. Functional ability of the cDNA was examined using SAND family protein gene (sand) as the reference gene. According to the results, visual symptoms were not observed in mountain papaya while standard visual symptoms appeared in Carica papaya. Three sets of primers were able to amplify the corresponding amplicons in inoculated Carica papaya and sequencing data confirmed that the amplicon was from PRSV. Negative amplification was observed in mountain papaya from the three sets of primers although sand gene amplification was observed, proving the correct functionality of cDNA. Therefore, it can be concluded that mountain papaya is likely to be resistant to PRSV.

Abstract Using the cre-loxP system, we generated a new mouse model [double stromal androgen receptor knockout (dARKO)] with selectively deleted androgen receptor (AR) in both stromal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, and found the size of the anterior prostate (AP) lobes was significantly reduced as compared with those from wild-type littermate controls. The reduction in prostate size of the dARKO mouse was accompanied by impaired branching morphogenesis and partial loss of the infolding glandular structure. Further dissection found decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of the prostate epithelium in the dARKO mouse AP. These phenotype changes were further confirmed with newly established immortalized prostate stromal cells (PrSC) from wild-type and dARKO mice. Mechanistically, IGF-1, placental growth factor, and secreted phosphoprotein-1 controlled by stromal AR were differentially expressed in PrSC-wt and PrSC-ARKO. Moreover, the conditioned media (CM) from PrSC-wt promoted prostate epithelium growth significantly as compared with CM from PrSC-dARKO. Finally, adding IGF-1/placental growth factor recombinant proteins into PrSC-dARKO CM was able to partially rescue epithelium growth. Together, our data concluded that stromal fibromuscular AR could modulate epithelium growth and maintain cellular homeostasis through identified growth factors.

ABSTRACT Osmotic regulation of proU expression in the enterobacteria is achieved, at least in part, by a repression mechanism involving the histone-like nucleoid protein H-NS. By the creation of binding sites for the TyrR regulator protein in the vicinity of the ς70-controlled promoter of proU inEscherichia coli, we were able to demonstrate a superposed TyrR-mediated activation by l-phenylalanine (Phe), as well as repression by l-tyrosine, of proU expression in vivo. Based on the facts that pronounced activation in the presence of Phe was observed even at a low osmolarity and that the affinity of binding of TyrR to its cognate sites on DNA is not affected by Phe, we argue that H-NS-mediated repression of proU at a low osmolarity may not involve a classical silencing mechanism. Our data also suggest the involvement of recruited RNA polymerase in the mechanism of antirepression in E. coli.

The transmission efficiency of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) by three aphid vectors (i.e., Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, and Myzus persicae) was studied. Efficiency was measured by single-aphid inoculation, group inoculation (using five aphids), duration of virus retention, and the number of plants following a single acquisition access period (AAP) to which the aphids could successfully transmit the virus. Single-aphid inoculation studies indicated that M. persicae (56%) and A. gossypii (53%) were significantly more efficient in transmitting PRSV than A. craccivora (38%). Further, in the former two species, the time required for initiation of the first probe on the inoculation test plant was significantly shorter compared to A. craccivora. PRSV transmission efficiency was 100% in all three species when a group of five aphids were used per plant. There was a perceptible decline in transmission efficiency as the sequestration period increased, although M. persicae successfully transmitted PRSV after 30 min of sequestration. A simple leaf-disk assay technique was employed for evaluating the transmission efficiency of three species of aphids. The results of leaf-disk assays also indicated that A. gossypii (48%) and M. persicae (56%) were more efficient PRSV vectors than A. craccivora. Using leaf-disk assays, the ability of individual aphids to inoculate PRSV serially to a number of plants was studied. Following a single AAP on an infected leaf, M. persicae was more efficient than the other two species with 52.5% transmission after the first inoculation access period (IAP). However, its inoculation efficiency significantly decreased with the second and subsequent IAPs. A. gossypii was able to transmit PRSV sequentially up to four successive leaf disks, but with significantly declining efficiency. Since A. gossypii is reported to be the numerically dominant vector in south India in addition to being a more efficient vector capable of inoculating PRSV to multiple plants, it should be the target vector for control strategies.

Abstract Background Psychotic experiences (PE) include subliminal hallucinations and delusions without the characteristic functional impairment that constitutes a psychotic disorder. PE are prevalent during childhood and adolescence and studies show a clear link with higher risk to clinical psychosis and schizophrenia. The persistence and accumulation of psychosocial problems are also well established risk factors, but how they interplay with genetic risk is still unclear, especially during developmental stages. Polygenic risk score to schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and the polyenviromic risk score (PERS) are two validated measures created to assess the contribution of each factor on the development of such psychopathology. Our aim was to verify if PRS and PERS jointly are able to predict psychotic experiences in a cohort of children and adolescents, considering two time-points. Methods We analyzed data from the High Risk Cohort (HRC) for Psychiatric Disorders, composed of 2511 children and adolescents from São Paulo and Porto Alegre. PRS-SZ was calculated using summary statistics from the PGC and corrected for the ten first principal components (PC) of the GWAS. In order to calculate the PERS, we used data corresponding to the nine variables that are consider on the score, being respectively, winter or spring birth, urbanicity, cannabis use, advanced paternal age, obstetric and perinatal complications, physical and sexual abuse, neglect and paternal death, therefore if the person is exposed to one or more enviromic factor the odds ratio corresponding to that factor are added up and divided by all factors considered on the calculation, generating the final score. PE was assessed through the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE) and a latent variable was generated through confirmatory factor analysis producing a good model fit. The prediction model was performed using different linear regressions where the clinical outcome was the CAPE score and PRS and PERS as independent variables. We performed Spearman’s correlations in order to observe possible correlation between our variables. Results Our sample varied from 9 to 18 years old (Mean: 13.49, SD: 1.9, 53.9% male) and a total of 1704 individuals provided available CAPE scores, PRS and PERS. When Spearman’s correlations were performed, we observed a non-significant weak positive correlation between PERS x CAPE (R2 = 0.0118, p = 0.623) and between PRS x CAPE (R2 = 0.0292, p = 0.228) and a non-significant negative correlation between PERS x PRS (R2 = -0.03051, p = 0.207). Lastly, we perform a multiple linear regression and used in the model the ten first PC as covariables and, we observed that with an increase in one unit in the PRS, the model explain positively about 8% of the PE variance (R2 = 0.007986 (F(12;1691) = 2.143, p = 0.01225). When we used the PRS already adjusted by ten first PC in the model, this significance is lost (R2=0.0008381 F(2);1701, p=0.1804 (PC2 and PC8 explaining the most of variance). Discussion Previous studies have shown a lack of significant association between PRS-SZ and PE for youth samples. Our results are in line with such results, but also depict a trend direction for those variables. Although all correlations were non-significant statically, they show us their direction as discussed below. The higher PERS, higher the psychotic experience, suggesting known environment risk factors for psychosis play a role in the report of PE as well. The higher PRS, the higher psychotic experience also. On the other hand, we found a negative correlation between PERS and PRS. In addition, PERS and PRS jointly were not able to predict psychotic experience. Although non-significant, our results may shed light on knowledge of disease.

Background and Purpose— Nonhuman primates are increasingly used in translational studies of ischemic stroke. However, current scoring systems in monkeys (eg, Nonhuman Primate Stroke Scale) do not focus on impairments in activities of daily living, so clinically relevant data are scarce for evaluating functional deficits in this model. Methods— Here, we referenced the modified Rankin Scale to provide a primate version of Rankin Scale (pRS) for ranking neurological dysfunction in monkeys following stroke. We selected hand function and strength, level of activity, and general mobility as the main components of pRS. We also analyzed interobserver variability. Results— pRS is a simple scale with only 6 levels. Functional deficit can be easily classified into none (category 0), slight (categories 1–2), moderate (category 3–4), and severe disabilities (category 5) based on pRS. We validated this scoring system on 11 monkeys, all with varying levels of neurological dysfunction following stroke, assessed by blinded testers. After a short training period, both technicians and neurology residents were able to achieve a high level of consistency using this scoring system. Conclusions— pRS is a simple and reliable functional scale, similar to the widely used modified Rankin Scale, for evaluating long-term neurological dysfunction in nonhuman primates. We recommend further validation studies and analyses.

The thesis " Women after Mastectomy in the context of Social Work " deals with the topic of diagnosis of breast cancer, treatments and their side effects, itself, however focuses mainly on the psychological and social consequences that come along with such a serious illness. It aims to outline the possibilities that women with this diagnosis can use , and ultimately points out the great potential of social work within the health care system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title: The influence of water activity on respiration behaviour of women after breast ablation. Aim: We aim to design and verify a programme of water exercises for women after breast ablation which would have a positive influence on their health. In our pedagogical experiment we want to discover the effect of breathing exercises in water environment on respiration capacity and strength of respiration muscles (inspiration and expiration muscles). Methods: Sociological research was used in order to find suitable probands. The examination of functions of respiration muscles was used in order to evaluate strength of respiration muscles. We measured strength of respiration muscles (inspiration PI max and expiration muscles PE max). Spirometry testing, volume-time curve and a flow-volume loop, set values for inspiration (VCinsp) and expiration (VCexp). The examination was carried out in Krajska zdravotni a.s, Usti nad Labem at the department of Functional Diagnostic. Results were evaluated by statistic program STATIS TICA. We used describing statistics, categorization, data analysis, t-tests, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney testing. Conclusion: Water activity related to breast exercises had a positive influence on values of PI max, VC insp a VC exp which demonstrate results of Wilcoxon test. Some differences...