Journal articles: 'Aboriginal Australian Children'

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Guider, Jeff. "Why Are So Many Aboriginal Children Not Achieving At School ?" Aboriginal Child at School 19, no. 2 (May 1991): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007410.

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In 1988 the Aboriginal Education Policy Task Force called for broad equity between Aboriginal people and other Australians in access, participation, and outcomes at all stages of education. Aboriginals are not achieving a comparative level of success at school compared to non-Aboriginals. Symptomatic of problems in our schools are, the over representation of Aboriginals in lower classes, the high drop-out rate of Aboriginal children and their low participation rates in the senior years of high school. Some 17% of Aboriginal youth continue their schooling to year 12 compared to 49% of all students (Department of Employment, Education and Training, 1988, p.7). The failure of Aboriginal children to achieve at school has been widely interpreted as an individual failure on the part of Aboriginal children. Poor attainment has been attributed to lower I.Q. and ability, inadequate home environments, and poor parenting and not to the inadequacies of the education provided, to prejudices Aboriginal children face or to the active resistance by Aboriginal people to the cultural destruction implicit in many educational programs (McConnochie, 1982, p.20). An examination of the determinants of school success shows that Aboriginal children’s cultural values, beliefs and practices and Australian schools are often in conflict. To improve the outcomes for Aboriginal children schools are required to assess whether or not they are catering for the inherent needs and talents of individual Aboriginal children.

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Kukuruzovic, Renata H., and David R. Brewster. "Small Bowel Intestinal Permeability in Australian Aboriginal Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 35, no. 2 (August 2002): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07773.x.

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ABSTRACTObjectiveTo show that the severity of diarrheal disease in Aboriginal children in tropical Australia is a consequence of underlying small intestinal mucosal damage.Study DesignA prospective study of 338 Aboriginal admissions compared to 37 non‐Aboriginal children, both diarrhea cases and controls. Intestinal permeability was measured by lactulose‐rhamnose (L/R) ratios on a timed 90‐minute blood test.ResultsFor diarrheal admissions, significantly more Aboriginal (vs. non‐Aboriginal children) had hypokalemia (70 vs. 10%), acidosis (65 vs. 29%), moderate to severe dehydration (52 vs. 19%) and a longer mean length of stay (mean 8.9 vs. 3.9 days). Mean L/R ratios (95% confidence intervals) in Aboriginal children (diarrhea vs. controls) were 16.5 (14.6–18.7) vs. 4.5 (3.8–5.3) compared to 7.7 (4.4–13.3) vs. 2.5 (1.8–3.4), respectively, in non‐Aboriginals. Abnormal permeability ratios (> 5.6) consistent with tropical‐environmental enteropathy syndrome were found in 36% (27/75) of Aboriginal controls compared to none of the non‐Aboriginal controls. On multiple regression, the factors associated with high L/R ratios were diarrheal severity (P < 0.001), acidosis (P = 0.007) and hypokalemia (P = 0.04).ConclusionsAn underlying tropical‐environmental enteropathy contributes to the severity of acute gastroenteritis in Aboriginal children. Diarrheal complications, such as acidosis, hypokalemia, and osmotic diarrhea are associated with high L/R ratios, reflecting greater small intestinal mucosal damage.

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Perga, T. "Australian Policy Regarding the Indigenous Population (End of the XIXth Century – the First Third of the XXth Century)." Problems of World History, no. 11 (March 26, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-11-3.

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An analysis of Australia’s governmental policy towards indigenous peoples has been done. The negative consequences of the colonization of the Australian continent have been revealed, in particular, a significant reduction in the number of aborigines due to the spread of alcohol and epidemics, the seizure of their territories. It is concluded that the colonization of Australia was based on the idea of the hierarchy of human society, the superiority and inferiority of different races and groups of people, and accordingly - the supremacy of European culture and civilization. It is demonstrated in the creation of reservations for aborigines and the adoption of legislation aimed at segregating the country's white and colored populations and assimilating certain indigenous peoples into European society, primarily children from mixed marriages. It has been proven that, considering the aborigines an endangered people and seeking to protect them from themselves, Europeans saw the way to their salvation in miscegenation - interracial marriages and the isolation of aboriginal children from their parents. This policy has been pursued since the end of the XIX century by the 1970s and had disrupted cultural and family ties and destroyed aboriginal communities, although government circles positioned it as a policy of caring for indigenous Australians. As a result, the generation of aborigines taken from their parents and raised in boarding schools or families of white Europeans has been dubbed the “lost generation”. The activity of A.O. Neville who for more than two decades held the position of chief defender of the aborigines in Western Australia and in fact became the ideologist of the aborigines’ assimilation policy has been analyzed. He substantiated the idea of the biological absorption of the indigenous Australian race as a key condition for its preservation and extremely harshly implemented the policy of separating Aboriginal children from their parents. It is concluded that the policy towards the indigenous population of Australia in the late XIX – first third of the XX century was based on the principle of discrimination on racial grounds.

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Durey, A., D. McAullay, B. Gibson, and L. M. Slack-Smith. "Oral Health in Young Australian Aboriginal Children." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416667244.

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Despite dedicated government funding, Aboriginal Australians, including children, experience more dental disease than other Australians, despite it being seen as mostly preventable. The ongoing legacy of colonization and discrimination against Aboriginal Australians persists, even in health services. Current neoliberal discourse often holds individuals responsible for the state of their health, rather than the structural factors beyond individual control. While presenting a balanced view of Aboriginal health is important and attests to Indigenous peoples’ resilience when faced with persistent adversity, calling to account those structural factors affecting the ability of Aboriginal people to make favorable oral health choices is also important. A decolonizing approach informed by Indigenous methodologies and whiteness studies guides this article to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal parents ( N = 52) of young children, mainly mothers, in Perth, Western Australia, as they relate to the oral health. Two researchers, 1 Aboriginal and 1 non-Aboriginal, conducted 9 focus group discussions with 51 Aboriginal participants, as well as 1 interview with the remaining individual, and independently analyzed responses to identify themes underpinning barriers and enablers to oral health. These were compared, discussed, and revised under key themes and interpreted for meanings attributed to participants’ perspectives. Findings indicated that oral health is important yet often compromised by structural factors, including policy and organizational practices that adversely preclude participants from making optimal oral health choices: limited education about prevention, prohibitive cost of services, intensive marketing of sugary products, and discrimination from health providers resulting in reluctance to attend services. Current government intentions center on Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal partnerships, access to flexible services, and health care that is free of racism and proactively seeks and welcomes Aboriginal people. The challenge is whether these good intentions are matched by policies and practices that translate into sustained improvements to oral health for Aboriginal Australians. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Slow progress in reducing persistent oral health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians calls for a new approach to this seemingly intractable problem. Findings from our qualitative research identified that structural factors—such as cost of services, little or no education on preventing oral disease, and discrimination by health providers—compromised Aboriginal people’s optimum oral health choices and access to services. The results from this study can be used to recommend changes to policies and practices that promote rather than undermine Aboriginal health and well-being and involve Aboriginal people in decisions about their health care.

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Gunzburg, S., M. Gracey, V. Burke, and B. Chang. "Epidemiology and microbiology of diarrhoea in young Aboriginal children in the Kimberley region of Western Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 1 (February 1992): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049517.

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Infectious diarrhoea is common in young Australian Aborigines [1–3] and is one of the main causes for their unsatisfactory health standards with consequent widespread failure to thrive and undernutrition [4–5]. Most published reports relate to patients in hospital or to hospital admission statistics and give little indication of the extent or severity of diarrhoeal disease in children in Aboriginal communities.The present investigation involved more than 100 Aboriginal children up to 5 years of age living in remote communities in the tropical north of Western Australia who were studied prospectively over a 12–month period.

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Cosh, Suzanne, Kimberley Hawkins, Gemma Skaczkowski, David Copley, and Jacqueline Bowden. "Tobacco use among urban Aboriginal Australian young people: a qualitative study of reasons for smoking, barriers to cessation and motivators for smoking cessation." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 3 (2015): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13157.

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Smoking prevalence among Aboriginal Australian young people greatly exceeds the prevalence in the broader population of Australian young people, yet limited research has explored the social context in which young Aboriginal Australians smoke. Four focus groups were conducted in 2009 with South Australian Aboriginal smokers aged 15–29 years residing in urban areas (n = 32) to examine attitudes and experiences surrounding smoking and quitting. The primary reasons for smoking initiation and maintenance among Aboriginal Australian young people were identified as stress, social influence and boredom. Motivators for quitting were identified as pregnancy and/or children, sporting performance (males only), cost issues and, to a lesser extent, health reasons. The barriers to cessation were identified as social influence, the perception of quitting as a distant event and reluctance to access cessation support. However, it appears that social influences and stress were particularly salient contributors to smoking maintenance among Aboriginal Australian young people. Smoking cessation interventions targeted at young urban Aboriginal Australian smokers should aim to build motivation to quit by utilising the motivators of pregnancy and/or children, sporting performance (males only), cost issues and, to a lesser extent, health reasons, while acknowledging the pertinent role of social influence and stress in the lives of young urban Aboriginal Australian smokers.

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Coté, Joost. "Being White in Tropical Asia: Racial Discourses in the Dutch and Australian Colonies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Itinerario 25, no. 3-4 (November 2001): 112–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300015011.

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In the recent debates gripping the Australian national psyche regarding the ‘Stolen Children’ (the often forcible removal of Aboriginal children of mixed European descent from their Aboriginal mothers practiced for most of the twentieth century under Australian Federal law) little credence is given to now outdated notion of ‘half-caste’ which inspired the original legislation. Today, self-identification, regardless of colour and heritage, determines Aboriginal ethnicity. But ‘half-caste-ness’ constituted a powerful concept in the process of nation formation in colonial Australia and in other colonial contexts.

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Singer, Rebecca, Karen Zwi, and Robert Menzies. "Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Aboriginal Children Admitted to a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111893.

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Background: Aboriginal Australian children have higher rates of mortality at younger ages than non-Aboriginal Australian children. We aimed to (i) calculate the case fatality rate (CFR) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children admitted to children’s hospitals in New South Wales (NSW) and (ii) identify predictors of CFR. Methods: We used a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from electronic medical records for in-patient admissions to the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network (SCHN) over five years (2011–2015). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality and excess deaths in Aboriginal children were calculated. Results: There were 241,823 presentations over the 5-year period. The CFR for Aboriginal children was double that of non-Aboriginal children (0.4% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.002), with Aboriginal children under 2 years and from remote and regional Australia at highest risk of excess mortality. Predictors of death for all children in order of significance were: Circulatory disorders (Odds Ratio (OR) 17.16, p < 0.001), neoplasm/blood/immune disorders (OR 2.77, p < 0.001), emergency admissions (OR 1.94, p < 0.001), aboriginality (OR 1.73, p = 0.005) and longer length of stay (OR 1.012; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data show that Aboriginal children are almost twice as likely to die than non-Aboriginal children. In particular, excess deaths in Aboriginal children are most commonly from outer regional and remote areas and children aged under 2 years with perinatal or circulatory conditions.

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Hansen, C. K. "The Development of Aboriginal Education." Aboriginal Child at School 17, no. 1 (March 1989): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006611.

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Over the past 15 years the voice of protest in Australia has come to be linked synonymously with the black Australian. The nation’s indigenous people have progressively united and, in the strength of unity and growth of support for their claims, have met increasingly resistant Federal and State governments. Unfortunately, the “land rights” issue has dominated the public Aboriginal doctrine, preventing white Australians from being exposed to and appreciating the other important needs and opinions Aboriginal people have.One of these needs is an education system sympathetic to: past, failed attempts at educating indigenous people; the importance of Aboriginal culture as a socio-cultural identifier and educational issue; and the needs Aboriginal children have in terms of curriculum and pedagogy. These fundamental elements are the counterpoints from which any study of the development of Aboriginal education, within Australia, must proceed.

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Dorai, C. R. Thambi, P. A. Dewan, H. A. Boucaut, and J. Ehrlich. "UROLITHIASIS IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CHILDREN." ANZ Journal of Surgery 64, no. 2 (February 1994): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02152.x.

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Singh, David. "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v5i2.90.

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Australian education systems have long been challenged by the gap between Indigenous and nonIndigenous student outcomes. All levels of Australian government, as well as Indigenous leaders and educators, however, continue to meet the challenge through exhortation, strategies and targets. The most prominent of such strategies is ‘Closing the Gap’, which gives practical expression to the Australian Government’s commitment to measurably improving the lives of Indigenous Australians, especially Indigenous children.

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Kartika Bintarsari, Nuriyeni. "The Cultural Genocide in Australia: A Case Study of the Forced Removal of Aborigine Children from 1912-1962." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185405002.

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This paper will discuss the Forced Removal Policy of Aborigine children in Australia from 1912 to 1962. The Forced Removal Policy is a Government sponsored policy to forcibly removed Aborigine children from their parent’s homes and get them educated in white people households and institutions. There was a people’s movement in Sydney, Australia, and London, Englandin 1998to bring about “Sorry Books.” Australia’s “Sorry Books” was a movement initiated by the advocacy organization Australian for Native Title (ANT) to address the failure of The Australian government in making proper apologies toward the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. The objective of this paper is to examine the extent of cultural genocide imposed by the Australian government towards its Aborigine population in the past and its modern-day implication. This paper is the result of qualitative research using literature reviews of relevant materials. The effect of the study is in highlighting mainly two things. First, the debate on the genocidal intention of the policy itself is still ongoing. Secondly, to discuss the effect of past government policies in forming the shape of national identities, in this case, the relations between the Australian government and its Aborigine population.

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Holdom, Carolyn. "Sentencing Aboriginal Offenders: Recognising Disadvantage and the Intergenerational Impacts of Colonisation." QUT Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v15i2.647.

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<p><em>The ongoing issue of Aboriginal disadvantage, particularly the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in Australian prisons warrants a change in sentencing practices and outcomes. There is a current failure by Australian Courts to properly account for the systemic disadvantage suffered by Aboriginal Australians during the sentencing process. Given the intergenerational impacts of colonisation and an arguable new generation of institutionalised Aboriginal children, consideration of the effects of colonisation is still largely relevant today. The High Court in Bugmy v The Queen<a href="#_ftn1"><strong>[1]</strong></a> and Munda v Western Australia<a href="#_ftn2"><strong>[2]</strong></a> have provided little assistance, however the law in Canada could assist Australian courts when it comes to sentencing Aboriginal offenders. </em></p> <div><br /> <hr size="1" /><div><p><a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> <em>Bugmy v The Queen</em> (2013) 302 ALR 192.</p></div> <div><p><a href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> <em>Munda v Western Australia</em> (2013) 302 ALR 207.</p></div></div>

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Healy, Sianan. "Race, citizenship and national identity in The School Paper, 1946-1968." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-01-2015-0003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore representations of Aboriginal people, in particular children, in the Victorian government’s school reader The School Paper, from the end of the Second World War until its publication ceased in 1968. The author interrogates these representations within the framework of pedagogies of citizenship training and the development of national identity, to reveal the role Aboriginal people and their culture were accorded within the “imagined community” of Australian nationhood and its heritage and history. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on the rich material available in the Victorian Department of Education’s school reader, The School Paper, from 1946 to 1968 (when the publication ceased), and on the Department’s annual reports. These are read within the context of scholarship on race, education and citizenship formation in the post-war years. Findings – State government policies of assimilation following the Second World War tied in with pedagogies and curricula regarding citizenship and belonging, which became a key focus of education departments following the Second World War. The informal pedagogies of The School Paper’s representations of Aboriginal children and their families, the author argues, excluded Aboriginal communities from understandings of Australian nationhood, and from conceptions of the ideal Australian citizen-in-formation. Instead, representations of Aboriginal people relegated them to the outdoors in ways that racialised Australian spaces: Aboriginal cultures are portrayed as historical yet timeless, linked with the natural/native rather than civic/political environment. Originality/value – This paper builds on scholarship on the relationship between education, reading pedagogies and citizenship formation in Australia in the post-war years to develop our knowledge of how conceptions of the ideal Australian citizen of the future – that is, Australian students – were inherently racialised. It makes a new contribution to scholarship on the assimilation project in Australia, through revealing the relationship between government policies towards Aboriginal people and the racial and cultural qualities being taught in Australian schools.

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Laing, DG, FJ Wilkes, N. Underwood, and L. Tran. "Taste disorders in Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children." Acta Paediatrica 100, no. 9 (April 20, 2011): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02292.x.

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Laffey, Kate, Wendy M. Pearce, and William Steed. "Effect of dialect on the identification of speech impairmentin Indigenous children." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.2.05laf.

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The influence of dialect on child speech assessment processes is important to consider in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention (teaching or therapy) for bidialectal children. In Australia, there is limited research evidence documenting the influence of dialectal variations on identification of speech impairment among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The effect of dialect on the identification of speech impairment was therefore investigated in seven eight-year-old Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian children living in Townsville, Queensland. Up to eighty words were transcribed from a connected speech sample and phonological patterns were analysed using contrastive analysis. The number of participants identified with a speech impairment decreased when typical characteristics of Australian Indigenous Englishes (AIE) were used as the target reference rather than Standard Australian English (SAE).

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Lima, Fernando, Carrington Shepherd, Janice Wong, Melissa O’Donnell, and Rhonda Marriott. "Trends in mental health related contacts among mothers of Aboriginal children in Western Australia (1990–2013): a linked data population-based cohort study of over 40 000 children." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027733.

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ObjectiveThis study examines the scale of maternal mental health related contacts among Australian Aboriginal children over time, and associations with socio-economic characteristics, geographical remoteness and maternal age.DesignA retrospective cohort study of the prevalence of maternal mental health related contacts among Aboriginal children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2013.SettingPopulation of Western Australia with de-identified linked administrative data from the Western Australian Department of Health.ParticipantsAll Aboriginal children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2013 and their mothers.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of maternal mental health related contacts among Aboriginal children born between 1990 and 2013. Mental health related contacts were identified using mental health related inpatient hospitalisations and outpatient contacts.ResultsAlmost 30% of cohort children were born to a mother with at least one mental health contact in the 5 years prior to birth, with 15% reported in the year prior to birth and the year post birth. There was a distinct increase in the prevalence of maternal mental health contacts between 1990 and 2013 (4–5% per year, with a peak in 2007). Maternal mental health contacts were associated with living in more disadvantaged areas and major cities, and having a mother aged over 20 years at birth.ConclusionsThe study affirms that mental health issues place a considerable burden on Aboriginal Australia, and suggests that many of the mental health issues that women develop earlier in life are chronic at the time of conception, during pregnancy and at birth. Early intervention and support for women in the earliest stages of family planning are required to alleviate the burden of mental health problems at birth and after birth. There is a clear need for policies on the development of a holistic healthcare model, with a multisector approach, offering culturally appropriate services for Aboriginal people.

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Jones, Jocelyn, Mandy Wilson, Elizabeth Sullivan, Lynn Atkinson, Marisa Gilles, Paul L. Simpson, Eileen Baldry, and Tony Butler. "Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother: a review." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2017-0059.

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PurposeThe rise in the incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers is a major public health issue with multiple sequelae for Aboriginal children and the cohesiveness of Aboriginal communities. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature relating to Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.Design/methodology/approachThe literature search covered bibliographic databases from criminology, sociology and anthropology, and Australian history. The authors review the literature on: traditional and contemporary Aboriginal mothering roles, values and practices; historical accounts of the impacts of white settlement of Australia and subsequent Aboriginal affairs policies and practices; and women’s and mothers’ experiences of imprisonment.FindingsThe review found that the cultural experiences of mothering are unique to Aboriginal mothers and contrasted to non-Aboriginal concepts. The ways that incarceration of Aboriginal mothers disrupts child rearing practices within the cultural kinship system are identified.Practical implicationsAboriginal women have unique circumstances relevant to the concept of motherhood that need to be understood to develop culturally relevant policy and programs. The burden of disease and cycle of incarceration within Aboriginal families can be addressed by improving health outcomes for incarcerated Aboriginal mothers and female carers.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first literature review on Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.

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Phillips, Natalie, Maciej Henneberg, Nicholas Norgan, Lincoln Schmitt, Caroline Potter, and Stanley Ulijaszek. "The emergence of obesity among Australian Aboriginal children." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0004.

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Abstract Obesity is of significant and growing concern among Australian Aboriginal children, and is linked to patterns of child growth. The aim of this paper is to show diverse patterns of growth and obesity emergence among Australian Aboriginal children using historical anthropometric data. Child growth in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) is reanalysed for children aged 2 to 19 years in Australian Aboriginal communities spanning two distinct time periods (the 1950s and 1960s; and the 1990s and 2000s) and six different geographical locations: Yuendumu, Haast’s Bluff, Beswick, Kalumburu, Gerard, and Raukkan. Comparisons of stature and BMI between the earlier and later years of measurement were made, and the proportion of children classified as overweight or obese by the International Obesity Task Force criteria estimated, to allow international comparison. Aboriginal children in the 1990s and 2000s were heavier, with higher BMI than those in the 1950s and 1960s, differences in height being less marked. While no children were classified as overweight or obese in the earlier period, 15% of males and 3% of females were classified so in the later period. The data suggests that the period of onset of the epidemic of overweight and obesity among rural Australian Aboriginal children was likely to have been between the 1960s and 1980s.

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Nienhuys, Terry G. "Otitis media in Australian aboriginal children." Early Child Development and Care 52, no. 1-4 (January 1989): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443890520110.

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Brand, J. C., I. Darnton-Hill, M. S. Gracey, and R. M. Spargo. "Lactose malabsorption in Australian Aboriginal children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/41.3.620.

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Larkins, Nicholas, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Emily Banks, Hasantha Gunasekera, Alan Cass, Jane Kearnes, and Jonathan C. Craig. "Blood pressure among Australian Aboriginal children." Journal of Hypertension 35, no. 9 (September 2017): 1801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000001401.

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Vicary, David, Judy Tennant, Tiffany Garvie, and Caroline Adupa. "Can you hear me?: The active engagement of Aboriginal children in the development of social policy by non-Aboriginals." Children Australia 31, no. 1 (2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010956.

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In recent years significant focus has been placed on the first few years of a child’s life and how their experiences during this time can shape their future development (McCain & Mustard, 1999). Social policy and programs that enhance the capacity of children and their families so that positive outcomes for children are ensured are being developed and implemented throughout Australia. This paper takes up the topic, initially introduced in Children Australia (Vicary et al. 2005), but turns the focus to Aboriginal children. Despite the advances in early years policy and programs development, marginalised children, particularly those from Aboriginal backgrounds, continue to be overlooked in terms of consultation (Vicary 2002).The ramifications of this lack of consultation are profound in terms of cultural appropriateness and sensitivity. The Western Australian Office for Children and Youth has refined a model for the engagement of Aboriginal children in social policy consultation. The model is inclusive of diversity and targets the children who normally would not have their voices heard in the development of social policy. The following paper will describe the Aboriginal Child Engagement Model developed by the Office for Children and Youth in consultation with children, young people and adults from Aboriginal backgrounds. The model consists of six steps, and takes the non-Aboriginal worker from the initial engagement phase through to evaluation and relationship consolidation. The proposed model is further delineated by a case study.

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Goldstein, Ilana Seltzer. "Visible art, invisible artists? the incorporation of aboriginal objects and knowledge in Australian museums." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 10, no. 1 (June 2013): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412013000100019.

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The creative power and the economic valorization of Indigenous Australian arts tend to surprise outsiders who come into contact with it. Since the 1970s Australia has seen the development of a system connecting artist cooperatives, support policies and commercial galleries. This article focuses on one particular aspect of this system: the gradual incorporation of Aboriginal objects and knowledge by the country's museums. Based on the available bibliography and my own fieldwork in 2010, I present some concrete examples and discuss the paradox of the omnipresence of Aboriginal art in Australian public space. After all this is a country that as late as the nineteenth century allowed any Aborigine close to a white residence to be shot, and which until the 1970s removed Indigenous children from their families for them to be raised by nuns or adopted by white people. Even today the same public enchanted by the indigenous paintings held in the art galleries of Sydney or Melbourne has little actual contact with people of Indigenous descent.

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Wigglesworth, Gillian. "Remote Indigenous education and translanguaging." TESOL in Context 29, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/tesol2020vol29no1art1443.

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Indigenous1 children living in the more remote areas of Australia where Indigenous languages continue to be spoken often come to school with only minimal knowledge of English, but they may speak two or more local languages. Others come to school speaking either a creole, or Aboriginal English, non-standard varieties which may sound similar to English, which gives them their vocabulary, while differing in terms of structure, phonology and semantics and pragmatics. This paper begins with a discussion of the linguistic contexts the children come from and the school contexts the children enter into before moving on to discuss a potential role for some use of translanguaging techniques in the classroom and discussing the potential benefits and advantages these may have. 1The term Indigenous is used respectfully to refer to all people of Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Indigenous languages and Australian Indigenous languages are used to refer to the languages of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders following NILS3 (2020).

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D'Souza, Nigel. "Aboriginal Children: The Challenge for the end of the Millennium." Children Australia 15, no. 2 (1990): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002686.

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No other group of children in Australian society stands in greater judgement of the ability and willingness of this society to deal with their problems than aboriginal children.The challenge that faces all of us in the nineties, including aboriginal community-controlled organisations like SNAICC, is whether we are going to be able to break the cycle of disadvantage, poverty and racism that keeps our children and our community at the very bottom of this society.The 20th century history of Australia will be seen as the millennium of a great expansion of wealth in Australia. It will be regarded as a period of gigantic advances in science and productive technology. It will also - if historians record accurately - show the plight of aboriginal people as the single glaring blight on the record of this country.

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Santiago, Pedro Henrique Ribeiro, Marko Milosevic, Xiangqun Ju, Wendy Cheung, Dandara Haag, and Lisa Jamieson. "A network psychometric validation of the Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (COHQoL) questionnaire among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): e0273373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273373.

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In Australia, research evidence has shown that Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children experience a higher burden of oral health diseases compared to other non-Indigenous children. The impact of oral health diseases on children’s functional and psychosocial outcomes led to the development of several instruments to evaluate child oral health-related quality of life (COHQoL), such as the Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS). However, the psychometric properties of these instruments have been evaluated only in Western cultures and have not been investigated for Aboriginal children in Australia. The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the short-forms P-CPQ and FIS for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children aged 2–3 years. Data were collected from the South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC), including 270 Aboriginal children aged 2–3 years. Network psychometric models were used to investigate dimensionality, item redundancy, structural consistency and item stability, model fit, internal consistency reliability and criterion validity. We propose an instrument named Aboriginal Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (A-COHQoL). Our findings indicated that, after the exclusion of four problematic items, the A-COHQoL showed a three-dimensional structure (“Parent/Family Activities”, “COHQoL” and “Family Conflict”) with good model fit and reliability. The A-COHQoL is a psychometrically robust and sensitive instrument that is readily available for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children aged 2–3 years in Australia and can be adapted in the future for Indigenous child groups in other countries.

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Liew, Sarah, Josephine Gwynn, Janice Smith, Natalie A. Johnson, Ronald Plotnikoff, Erica L. James, and Nicole Turner. "The Barriers and Facilitators of Sport and Physical Activity Participation for Aboriginal Children in Rural New South Wales, Australia: A Photovoice Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041986.

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Participating in physical activity is beneficial for health. Whilst Aboriginal children possess high levels of physical activity, this declines rapidly by early adolescence. Low physical activity participation is a behavioral risk factor for chronic disease, which is present at much higher rates in Australian Aboriginal communities compared to non-Aboriginal communities. Through photos and ‘yarning’, the Australian Aboriginal cultural form of conversation, this photovoice study explored the barriers and facilitators of sport and physical activity participation perceived by Aboriginal children (n = 17) in New South Wales rural communities in Australia for the first time and extended the limited research undertaken nationally. Seven key themes emerged from thematic analysis. Four themes described physical activity barriers, which largely exist at the community and interpersonal level of children’s social and cultural context: the physical environment, high costs related to sport and transport, and reliance on parents, along with individual risk factors such as unhealthy eating. Three themes identified physical activity facilitators that exist at the personal, interpersonal, and institutional level: enjoyment from being active, supportive social and family connections, and schools. Findings highlight the need for ongoing maintenance of community facilities to enable physical activity opportunities and ensure safety. Children held strong aspirations for improved and accessible facilities. The strength of friendships and the family unit should be utilized in co-designed and Aboriginal community-led campaigns.

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Salmon, M., F. Skelton, K. A. Thurber, L. Bennetts Kneebone, J. Gosling, R. Lovett, and M. Walter. "Intergenerational and early life influences on the well-being of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: overview and selected findings fromFootprints in Time, the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 10, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204017441800017x.

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AbstractFootprints in Time: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) is a national study of 1759 Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living across urban, regional and remote areas of Australia. The study is in its 11th wave of annual data collection, having collected extensive data on topics including birth and early life influences, parental health and well-being, identity, cultural engagement, language use, housing, racism, school engagement and academic achievement, and social and emotional well-being. The current paper reviews a selection of major findings fromFootprints in Timerelating to the developmental origins of health and disease for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Opportunities for new researchers to conduct further research utilizing the LSIC data set are also presented.

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Farrant, Brad M., Carrington C. J. Shepherd, Carol Michie, Clair Scrine, Michael Wright, Nicole Ilich, Tanya Jones, and Glenn Pearson. "Delivering Elder- and Community-Led Aboriginal Early Childhood Development Research: Lessons from the Ngulluk Koolunga Ngulluk Koort Project." Children 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children6100106.

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Elder- and community-led research processes are increasingly being acknowledged as critical for successful Aboriginal health and wellbeing research. This article provides an overview of the methodologies, methods and progress of the Ngulluk Koolunga Ngulluk Koort (Our Children, Our Heart) project—an Elder- and community-led research and research-translation project focused on the early childhood development of Australian Aboriginal children in an urban context (Perth, Western Australia). We describe the application of a participatory action research methodology that is grounded in Aboriginal worldview(s), from the collaborative development of the original idea to the post-funding processes of co-design and implementation, data collection, analysis, interpretation and translation.

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Cronin, Rebecca P., and Carmel M. Diezmann. "Jane and Gemma go to School: Supporting Young Gifted Aboriginal Students." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 27, no. 4 (December 2002): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910202700404.

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Both Aboriginal students and gifted students have been identified as educationally disadvantaged groups with needs that are often not adequately met by the Australian educational system. Hence, gifted Aboriginal students are particularly vulnerable to underachievement. As all students should receive the opportunity to fulfill their potential, there is a need to establish how to support the achievements of gifted Aboriginal children from an early age. The identification and achievement of gifted Aboriginal children is affected by culture conflict, the lack of knowledge of culturally sensitive identification measures of giftedness, and the anti-intellectual Australian ethos. This paper discusses the case studies of two young gifted Aboriginal girls and describes the support they will require for continued success. Ten practical suggestions are presented to assist teachers to nurture and promote the achievements of young gifted Aboriginal children.

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Gibson, Kay L. "A Promising Approach for Identifying Gifted Aboriginal Students in Australia." Gifted Education International 13, no. 1 (May 1998): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949801300111.

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Recently research was conducted in Queensland, Australia which was designed to describe a more effective approach for the identification of gifted students. The purpose of the research was to contribute to the improvement of current procedures used in the identification of gifted minority children, particularly urban Aboriginal gifted children. The five year study of Dr. Mary M. Frasier at the University of Georgia served as a basic design model for the research. This paper reports the findings from the two data collection activities of the research project. Firstly interviews of urban Aboriginal community members, including parents of gifted Aboriginal children, were undertaken followed by a state wide survey of Aboriginal teachers in Queensland. The aim of both was to gain information concerning how giftedness was perceived and described by urban Aboriginal community members. This information was then utilised to establish the viability of Frasier's work in the identification of Australian gifted Aboriginal students and to suggest modification to Frasier's model which would heighten its cultural relevance to the Aboriginal society

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He, Vincent Yaofeng, Georgie Nutton, Amy Graham, Lisa Hirschausen, and Jiunn-Yih Su. "Pathways to school success: Self-regulation and executive function, preschool attendance and early academic achievement of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Australia’s Northern Territory." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): e0259857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259857.

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Background With the pending implementation of the Closing the Gap 2020 recommendations, there is an urgent need to better understand the contributing factors of, and pathways to positive educational outcomes for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. This deeper understanding is particularly important in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, in which the majority of Aboriginal children lived in remote communities and have language backgrounds other than English (i.e. 75%). Methods This study linked the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) to the attendance data (i.e. government preschool and primary schools) and Year 3 National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the pathway from self-regulation and executive function (SR-EF) at age 5 to early academic achievement (i.e. Year 3 reading/numeracy at age 8) for 3,199 NT children. Result The study confirms the expected importance of SR-EF for all children but suggests the different pathways for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. For non-Aboriginal children, there was a significant indirect effect of SR-EF (β = 0.38, p<0.001) on early academic achievement, mediated by early literacy/numeracy skills (at age 5). For Aboriginal children, there were significant indirect effects of SR-EF (β = 0.19, p<0.001) and preschool attendance (β = 0.20, p<0.001), mediated by early literacy/numeracy skills and early primary school attendance (i.e. Transition Years to Year 2 (age 5–7)). Conclusion This study highlights the need for further investigation and development of culturally, linguistically and contextually responsive programs and policies to support SR-EF skills in the current Australian education context. There is a pressing need to better understand how current policies and programs enhance children and their families’ sense of safety and support to nurture these skills. This study also confirms the critical importance of school attendance for improved educational outcomes of Aboriginal children. However, the factors contributing to non-attendance are complex, hence the solutions require multi-sectoral collaboration in place-based design for effective implementation.

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Leonard, Simon. "Children's History: Implications of Childhood Beliefs for Teachers of Aboroginal Students." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 30, no. 2 (2002): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100001447.

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While conducting research intended to explore the underlying thoughts and assumptions held by non-Indigenous teachers and policy makers involved in Aboriginal education I dug out my first book on Australian history which had been given when I was about seven years old. Titled Australia From the Beginning (Pownall, 1980), the book was written for children and was not a scholarly book. It surprised me, then, to find so many of my own understandings and assumptions about Aboriginal affairs and race relations in this book despite four years of what had seemed quite liberal education in Australian history.

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Phillips, Louise Gwenneth, and Kerryn Moroney. "Civic Action and Learning with a Community of Aboriginal Australian Young Children." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 4 (December 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.4.10.

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CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP ARE increasingly used in early childhood education policy, but what citizenship and civic learning can be for young children is under-researched and lacking definition. Drawing from the Australian findings of the major study Civic action and learning with young children: Comparing approaches in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States, this article shares evidence of civic capacities that a community of young Aboriginal Australian children demonstrate in an early childhood education and care centre. Communitarian citizenship theory provides a framework for citizenship that is accessible for young children by focusing on families, communities and neighbourhoods. Cultural readings of illustrative examples on how young Aboriginal children express civic identity, collective responsibility, civic agency, civic deliberation and civic participation are discussed, highlighting how cultural values shape civic action. Links to state and national early childhood curricula are provided to guide others to further support civic learning in early childhood education.

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Skull, Susan A., Alan C. Walker, and Alan R. Ruben. "Malnutrition and microcephaly in Australian Aboriginal children." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 8 (April 1997): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb123191.x.

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GRACEY, M. "Nutrition of Australian Aboriginal infants and children." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 27, no. 5 (October 1991): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1991.tb02536.x.

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Yeo, Soo See. "Bonding and attachment of Australian Aboriginal children." Child Abuse Review 12, no. 5 (2003): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.817.

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Hansman, D., S. Morris, M. Gregory, and B. McDonald. "Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern Territory." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400060782.

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SUMMARYIn Alice Springs and its vicinity, a single nasal swab was collected from 282 Australian aborigines in May 1981 to determine nasal carriage rates of pneumococci. Each swab was inoculated on blood agar and on gentamicin blood agar. The carriage rates were 89% in children, 39% in adolescents and 34% in adults. In all, 27 serotypes of pneumococci were met with and 15 (4%) of subjects yielded two or more serotypes. In children, types 23, 19, 6, 22 and 6 were predominant (in that order), whereas type 3 was commonest in older subjects. Approximately 25% children and 5% adults yielded drug-insensitive pneumococci. Resistance to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was met with, resistant pneumococci showed five resistance patterns and belonged to nine serotypes, predominantly types 19 and 23. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin. The carriage rate of drug-insensitive pneumococci was 100-fold higher amongst children sampled than in non-aboriginal children in Australia.

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Williams, Lauren T., Mari Somerville, Fiona Wright, Heidi Atkins, Ayala Rogany, Kristie L. Bell, and Lisa Vincze. "How Can We Find Out What Indigenous Children and Their Families Need to Manage Weight? Lessons from Formative Nutrition Intervention Research with First Australians." Nutrients 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2023): 4982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15234982.

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In Australia, Indigenous children have rates of overweight and obesity 1.5 times those of non-Indigenous children. Culturally safe and effective nutrition interventions are needed for this group. This paper aims to describe a Community-based Participatory Action Research (CPAR) approach to designing formative nutrition intervention research with First Australian children and their families and to reflect on the challenges arising from this process. After obtaining ethical approvals, a Steering Committee (SC), including nine Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experienced in delivering or receiving health care, was established as a project governance body to develop culturally safe project materials and methods. The Indigenous research method of yarning circles was chosen by the SC for the community consultation, and the First Australian SC members were trained to collect the data. They liaised with community organizations to recruit yarning circle participants. Individual interviews conducted by an Aboriginal research assistant replaced yarning circles due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. While the CPAR approach to formative research was successful, the pandemic and other factors tripled the study duration. To authentically, ethically and safely engage First Australians in research, researchers need to decolonize their methodological approach, and funding bodies need to allow adequate time and resources for the process.

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Parker, E. J., G. Misan, M. Shearer, L. Richards, A. Russell, H. Mills, and L. M. Jamieson. "Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating a Program to Address the Oral Health Needs of Aboriginal Children in Port Augusta, Australia." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496236.

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Aboriginal Australian children experience profound oral health disparities relative to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. In response to community concerns regarding Aboriginal child oral health in the regional town of Port Augusta, South Australia, a child dental health service was established within a Community Controlled Aboriginal Health Service. A partnership approach was employed with the key aims of (1) quantifying rates of dental service utilisation, (2) identifying factors influencing participation, and (3) planning and establishing a program for delivery of Aboriginal children’s dental services that would increase participation and adapt to community needs. In planning the program, levels of participation were quantified and key issues identified through semistructured interviews. After 3.5 years, the participation rate for dental care among the target population increased from 53 to 70 percent. Key areas were identified to encourage further improvements and ensure sustainability in Aboriginal child oral health in this regional location.

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Kickett-Tucker, Cheryl S. "How Aboriginal Peer Interactions in Upper Primary School Sport Support Aboriginal Identity." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 37, no. 1 (2008): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100016185.

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AbstractThis ethnographic study tested the hypothesis that positive social interactions in sport will contribute positively to the Aboriginal identity of urban, Australian Aboriginal children. Nine male and female children aged 11-12 years were observed and interviewed. Significant responses were extracted and meanings were identified and grouped into various themes (Colaizzi, 1978). Interactions between Aboriginal participants were different from interactions with non-Aboriginal children and each provided different sources of information toward children's Aboriginal identity. The hypothesis was supported because the outcomes of interactions in sport among Aboriginal children enabled them to positively express their Aboriginal identity together in a group, speak an Aboriginal language and interact with each other in ways that further affirmed their Aboriginal identity. In comparison, non-Aboriginal peers contributed positively to Aboriginal student's self-esteem because of the positive feedback they provided in school sport. Furthermore, non-Aboriginal students' social interactions with Aboriginal peers were purposeful for making friends, acceptance and respect between each other.

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Zubrick, S. R., F. Mitrou, D. Lawrence, and S. R. Silburn. "Maternal death and the onward psychosocial circumstances of Australian Aboriginal children and young people." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 9 (January 5, 2011): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710002485.

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BackgroundThis study sought to determine the social and emotional impact of maternal loss on Aboriginal children and young people using data from the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS).MethodData were from a population-based random sample of 5289 Aboriginal children aged under 18 years. Interview data about the children were gathered from primary carers and from their school teachers. Probabilistic record linkage to death registrations was used to ascertain deaths. Association between maternal death and subsequent psychosocial outcomes was assessed using univariate analyses and logistic regression.ResultsOf the 5289 Aboriginal children, 57 had experienced the death of their birth mother prior to the survey. Multi-variable adjustment accounting for age and gender found that, relative to children who were living with their birth mother, children whose birth mother had died were at higher risk for sniffing glue or other substances [odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–8.7], using other drugs (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.8), talking about suicide (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.7) and attempting suicide (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.6–31.1).ConclusionsAlthough the death of a birth mother is relatively rare and the vast majority of Aboriginal children with adverse developmental outcomes live in families and are cared for by their birth mother, the findings here suggest that the loss of a birth mother and the circumstances arising from this impart a level of onward developmental risk for mental health morbidity in Australian Aboriginal children.

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Doel-Mackaway, Holly. "‘Ask Us … This Is Our Country’: Designing Laws and Policies with Aboriginal Children and Young People." International Journal of Children’s Rights 27, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02701008.

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If asked, and asked in the appropriate circumstances, Aboriginal children and young people have much to say about governance, law and policy – particularly about matters that are likely to affect their lives. Findings from field research conducted in the Northern Territory of Australia reveal a group of Aboriginal children and young people’s views about why and how they could be involved in designing legislative provisions such as the Australian Government’s “Northern Territory Emergency Response” and Stronger Futures legislation – commonly referred to as the Intervention. These findings support the conclusion that in order to create culturally appropriate, durable and relevant laws and policies, governments must first seek, then incorporate, Aboriginal children and young people’s views when designing measures likely to affect their lives – and do so in a manner that is consistent with article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc).

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Cox, Rebecca A., Scott A. Read, Shelley Hopkins, David Alonso-Caneiro, and Joanne M. Wood. "Retinal thickness in healthy Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): e0273863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273863.

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Background Understanding normative retinal thickness characteristics is critical for diagnosis and monitoring of pathology, particularly in those predisposed to retinal disease. The macular retinal layer thickness of Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children was examined using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Methods High-resolution macular optical coherence tomography imaging was performed on 100 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and 150 non-Indigenous visually healthy children aged 4–18 years. The imaging protocol included a 6-line radial scan centred on the fovea. Images were segmented using semi-automated software to derive thickness of the total retina, inner and outer retina, and individual retinal layers across the macular region. Repeated measures ANOVAs examined variations in thickness associated with retinal region, age, gender and Indigenous status. Results Retinal thickness showed significant topographical variations (p < 0.01), being thinnest in the foveal zone, and thickest in the parafovea. The retina of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children was significantly thinner than non-Indigenous children in the foveal (p < 0.001), parafoveal (p = 0.002), and perifoveal zones (p = 0.01), with the greatest difference in the foveal zone (mean difference: 14.2 μm). Inner retinal thickness was also thinner in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children compared to non-Indigenous children in the parafoveal zone (p < 0.001), and outer retinal thickness was thinner in the foveal (p < 0.001) and perifoveal zone (p < 0.001). Retinal thickness was also significantly greater in males than females (p < 0.001) and showed a statistically significant positive association with age (p = 0.01). Conclusion There are significant differences in macular retinal thickness between Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and non-Indigenous children, which has implications for interpreting optical coherence tomography data and may relate to risk of macula disease in this population.

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Barnes, Rosanne, Asha C. Bowen, Roz Walker, Steven Y. C. Tong, Jodie McVernon, Patricia T. Campbell, Parveen Fathima, et al. "454. Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Skin Infection Hospitalisation in Western Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.527.

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Abstract Background Hospitalisation with skin infection in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal children is common, with the highest rates in infants and children from remote WA. We aimed to quantify infant, maternal, and sociodemographic risk factors for skin infection hospitalization in WA children, focusing on Aboriginal children aged <17 years. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study with linked perinatal and hospitalization data on WA-born children (1996–2012), of whom 31,348 (6.7%) were Aboriginal. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for perinatal factors attributed to the first hospitalization with skin infection. To identify specific risk factors for early-onset infection, we further restricted the cohort to infants aged <1 year. Results Overall, 5,439 (17.4%) Aboriginal and 6,750 (1.5%) non-Aboriginal children were hospitalized at least once with a skin infection. Aboriginal infants aged <1 year had the highest skin infection hospitalization rate (63.2/1,000 child-years). The strongest risk factors in Aboriginal children aged <17 years were socio-economic disadvantage, very remote location at birth and multi-parity (≥3 previous pregnancies) accounting for 24%, 23% and 15% of skin infection hospitalizations, respectively. Other risk factors included maternal age <20 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birthweight. Conclusion We have quantified the relative influence of perinatal risk factors associated with skin infection hospitalizations in WA children, providing measures indicating which factors have the potential to reduce the most hospitalizations. Our evidence supports existing calls for substantial government investment in addressing underlying social and environmental barriers to healthy skin in WA Aboriginal children but also identifies potential areas to target health promotion messaging at individuals/families on maternal smoking during pregnancy and skin hygiene for families. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Cleghorn, Geoffrey J., Ristan Greer, Terence L. Holt, Ross W. Shepherd, John Erlich, Yvonne Forrest, and Frank G. Bowling. "Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in malnourished Australian Aboriginal children." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 1 (January 1991): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb112850.x.

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Coates, Harvey. "Treatment of Otologic Disease in Australian Aboriginal Children." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 83, no. 9_suppl_4 (September 2004): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01455613040839s409.

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Watson, Helen. "Language and mathematics education for aboriginal‐australian children." Language and Education 2, no. 4 (January 1988): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500788809541241.

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Leach, Amanda J. "Otitis media in Australian Aboriginal children: an overview." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 49 (October 1999): S173—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00156-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aboriginal Australian Children'

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