Academic literature on the topic 'Aboriginal fire practices'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aboriginal fire practices"
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Cahir, Fred, Ian D. Clark, Dan Tout, Benjamin Wilkie, and Jidah Clark. "Aboriginal fire-management practices in colonial Victoria." Aboriginal History Journal 45 (April 26, 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ah.45.2021.05.
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Cahir, Fred, Ian D. Clark, Dan Tout, Benjamin Wilkie, and Jidah Clark. "Aboriginal fire-management practices in colonial Victoria." Aboriginal History Journal 45 (April 26, 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ah.45.2021.05.
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Roy-Denis, Chantal. "Fire for Well-Being: Use of Prescribed Burning in the Northern Alberta Boreal Forest." Earth Common Journal 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2015): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.289.
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Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Alberta Boreal Forest have used fire knowledge and burning practices to maintain their environment for generations. Prescribed burning is vital to Aboriginal peoples’ relationships with the environment, and was essential to their hunting and gathering subsistence. Research has been limited on Aboriginal peoples' use of fire not only to manage resources but to maintain their health and well-being. The research paper suggests that burning also allowed management of these medicinal plants. Such plants growing in open clearings or near water such as streams, rivers, or lakes were fired in order to maintain and manage Aboriginal peoples’ health and well-being in the boreal forest.
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Kimber, R. G., and M. H. Friedel. "Challenging the concept of Aboriginal mosaic fire practices in the Lake Eyre Basin." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 6 (2015): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15057.
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Mosaic burning is the deliberate creation of a mosaic of patches representing different fire histories. It is often recommended for management of Australia’s natural landscapes, on the assumption that it enhances biodiversity and reduces fire hazard through increased spatial and temporal diversity of fuel loads and species composition. It is also suggested that such fire practices were used throughout Australia by traditionally living Aboriginal people. Although the creation of a patchwork of different fire histories may be an effective management tool in modern land management, the evidence for universal mosaic burning before European settlement deserves scrutiny. The records of explorers, early settlers and anthropologists relating to a large portion of the Lake Eyre Basin, particularly the Channel country and the Simpson Desert region, were examined. It is concluded that extensive gaps in the records of smokes and large fires are important and meaningful, and do not represent a failure to record fires. The case for universal mosaic burning in the region is not supported by the evidence although mosaic burning did occur in specific circumstances. Fire practices were shaped by complex and interacting factors including the vegetation and terrain type, for example the occurrence of spinifex-dominated sandhills or stony deserts; seasonal conditions and the presence or not of adequate fuel loads; how readily Aboriginal people could access country and their reasons for using or not using fire; the stocking of the pastoral country and spread of feral animals; and government policies about fire.
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Tidemann, Sonia. "How Aboriginal Stories of Fire may have Shaped Contemporary Burning Practices." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 6, no. 11 (2009): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v06i11/42561.
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Hill, Rosemary, Dermot Smyth, Harry Shipton, and Peter Fischer. "Cattle, mining or fire? The historical causes of recent contractions of open forest in the wet tropics of Queensland through invasion by rainforest." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010185.
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Changes to Aboriginal fire regimes since European occupation are thought to have affected the range and demographic structure of many vegetation communities. This study shows a contraction by 49% of the area of fire-prone open forest through rainforest invasion between 1945 and 1991-94 in the northern wet tropics of Queensland, Australia. Relative Growth Rates (RGR) for open forest areas varied from -0.112 to -0.005. Collaborative historical research with the Aboriginal traditional owners, the Kuku-Yalanji people, investigated possible linkages with alterations to their fire practices. A multiplicity of human impacts is associated with the measured vegetation change, including clearing for agriculture and mining, logging for timber and firewood, and the introduction of cattle and horses. Some rainforest expansion since 1945 represents a recovery following clearing from earlier mining operations. Contraction of open forest through rainforest invasion was most rapid (RGR = -0.124) where there was a continuation of Aboriginal fire management with cattle grazing. The contraction of open forest was nine times slower in an ungrazed area (RGR = -0.005) than in a nearby area grazed by horses (RGR = -0.045). Aboriginal fire regimes may act synergistically with cattle or horse grazing to accelerate the invasion of rainforest into open forest. Management prescriptions currently focus on active fire management to prevent further open forest contraction. However, fire management may have unexpected outcomes when rainforest-open forest dynamics are complicated by recent historical factors such as cattle grazing, logging, and tin mining, and possible synergies between these factors and fire regimes. Managers need to understand the histories of particular sites when formulating plans, and monitor the consequences of their actions to enable an adaptive approach.
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Laming, Alice, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Anthony Romano, Russell Mullett, Simon Connor, Michela Mariani, S. Yoshi Maezumi, and Patricia S. Gadd. "The Curse of Conservation: Empirical Evidence Demonstrating That Changes in Land-Use Legislation Drove Catastrophic Bushfires in Southeast Australia." Fire 5, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5060175.
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Protecting “wilderness” and removing human involvement in “nature” was a core pillar of the modern conservation movement through the 20th century. Conservation approaches and legislation informed by this narrative fail to recognise that Aboriginal people have long valued, used, and shaped most landscapes on Earth. Aboriginal people curated open and fire-safe Country for millennia with fire in what are now forested and fire-prone regions. Settler land holders recognised the importance of this and mimicked these practices. The Land Conservation Act of 1970 in Victoria, Australia, prohibited burning by settler land holders in an effort to protect natural landscapes. We present a 120-year record of vegetation and fire regime change from Gunaikurnai Country, southeast Australia. Our data demonstrate that catastrophic bushfires first impacted the local area immediately following the prohibition of settler burning in 1970, which allowed a rapid increase in flammable eucalypts that resulted in the onset of catastrophic bushfires. Our data corroborate local narratives on the root causes of the current bushfire crisis. Perpetuation of the wilderness myth in conservation may worsen this crisis, and it is time to listen to and learn from Indigenous and local people, and to empower these communities to drive research and management agendas.
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Leavesley, Adam J. "Burning Issues – Sustainability and Management of Australia’s Southern Forests." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 2 (2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120146.
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THE day we know how every Australian plant and animal responds to three fire intensities, three fire frequencies, and two fire seasons is the day that fire managers will finally have a decent handle on this most complex of processes. In the meantime though, where the science runs out fire management is directed by best guesses. In Australia, these guesses fall into three paradigms: the ecological paradigm; the indigenous paradigm; and the forestry paradigm. The ecological paradigm is species-centred and based on Ockham’s Razor — the assumption that the simplest answer is the most likely. The indigenous paradigm is based on the assumption that aboriginal people were the dominant drivers of fire regimes before Europeans arrived and that the best thing that we can do to manage fire now is to try to emulate what we think they used to do. The forestry paradigm is based on the assumption that traditional timber production practices are the best way to meet fire management aims. In practice, most fire management programs are an amalgam of all three paradigms with priority given to one or another depending on the circumstances and worldview of the practitioners.
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Craig, AB. "Fire Management of Rangelands in the Kimberley Low-Rainfall Zone: a Review." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990039.
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This paper examines a range of environmental, research and practical issues affecting fire management of pastoral lands in the southern part of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Although spinifex grasslands dominate most leases, smaller areas of more productive pastures are crucially important to many enterprises. There is a lack of local documentation of burning practices during traditional Aboriginal occupation; general features of the fire regime at that time can be suggested on the basis of information from other inland areas. Definition of current tire regimes is improving through interpretation of NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery. Irregular extensive wildfires appear to dominate, although this should be confirmed by further accumulation, validation and analysis of fire history data. While these fires cause ma,jor difficulties. controlled burn~ng is a necessary part of station management. Although general management guidelines have been published. local research into tire-grazing effects has been very limited. For spinifex pastures, reconimendations are generally consistent with those applying elsewhere in northern Australia. They favour periodic burning of mature spinifex late in the year, before or shortly after the arrival of the first rains, with deferment of grazing. At that time. days of high fire danger may still be expected and prediction of fire behaviour is critical to burning decisions. Early dry-season burning is also required for creating protective tire breaks and to prepare for burning later in the year. Further development of tools for predicting fire behaviour, suited to the discontinuous fuels characteristic of the area, would be warranted. A range of questions concerning the timing and spatial pattern of burning, control of post-fire grazing, and the economics of fire management, should be addressed as resources permit. This can be done through a combination of opportunistic studies, modelling and documentation of local experience. The development of an expert system should be considered to assist in planning and conducting burning activities. Key words: Kimberley, fire regimes, fire management, pastoralism, spinifex
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Gamage, Harshi K., Subrata Mondal, Lynley A. Wallis, Paul Memmott, Darren Martin, Boyd R. Wright, and Susanne Schmidt. "Indigenous and modern biomaterials derived from Triodia (‘spinifex’) grasslands in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11285.
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Plant-derived fibres and resins can provide biomaterials with environmental, health and financial benefits. Australian arid zone grasses have not been explored as sources of modern biomaterials including building materials. Triodia grasslands are a dominant vegetation type in the arid and semiarid regions of Australia covering a third of the continent. Of the 69 identified Triodia species, 26 produce resin from specialised cells in the outer leaf epidermis. In Aboriginal culture, Triodia biomass and resin were valued for their usefulness in cladding shelters and as a hafting agent. Since European settlement, Triodia grasslands have been used for cattle grazing and burning is a common occurrence to improve pasture value and prevent large-scale fires. Although Triodia grasslands are relatively stable to fires, more frequent and large-scale fires impact on other fire sensitive woody and herbaceous species associated with Triodia and invasion of exotic weeds resulting in localised changes in vegetation structure and composition. The extent and change occurring in Triodia grasslands as a result of altered land-use practices, fire regimes, and changing climate warrant careful consideration of their future management. Localised harvesting of Triodia grasslands could have environmental benefits and provide much needed biomaterials for desert living. Research is underway to evaluate the material properties of Triodia biomass and resin in the context of Indigenous and western scientific knowledge. Here, we review uses of Triodia and highlight research needs if sustainable harvesting is to be considered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aboriginal fire practices"
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Giolo, Alessandra. "Governing the Commons with Aboriginal Principles : Indigenous Knowledge in Fire Management Practices Arguments for Implementation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41544.
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Elinor Ostrom challenges the view that states and markets alone have the potential to successfully regulate policymaking processes regarding long term sustainability of natural resources, promoting self-governing institution and communities in governing commons. Forestry management is concerned with administrative, social, environmental and economic aspects on forests and forestry resources, which in particular climates require adaptive measures accordingly with local environmental conditions. In Australia the fire-prone clima- te requires the inclusion of efficient and long-term sustainable fire management practices in order to protect ecosystems, natural resources and the population. Recent events such as destructive fire seasons and global spread of diseases brought attention to efficiency of current management strategies and promote the inve- stigation of indigenous and traditional knowledge, seen with potential for long-term sustainability, ecosy- stem restoration, and climate mitigation. Aboriginal fire management practices undertaken in the Kimberley Region and the Northern Territory of Australia are investigated and evaluated accordingly with socio-eco- nomic, environmental and societal standards, to create an overall scenario where fire is understood as a common resource, manageable and equally valuable as water and land. If seen as a common and managed as such, fire can be beneficial for long term sustainability, with the potential to address biodiversity conser- vation, resource management practices, and climate change mitigation.
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Fontaine, Leah Marisa. "Spirit menders: the expression of trauma in art practices by Manitoba Aboriginal women artists." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4255.
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Historical trauma has affected the lives of all Aboriginal people in Canada. This thesis argues that Aboriginal art has the potential to contribute to recovery from trauma on an individual and a communal level but that its continued analysis through the Western gaze may take away from this restorative impact. The main purpose of this research is therefore to explore how historical trauma theory and the Aboriginal ethos
can be viewed together to create a new hybridized lens though which to interpret Aboriginal art. This lens has been named the Spirit Mender Model. The thesis explains and illustrates how this model provides a useful Aboriginal lens through which to understand, interpret, and appreciate Aboriginal art in it restorative impacts.
Books on the topic "Aboriginal fire practices"
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Cheney, Phil, and Andrew Sullivan. Grassfires. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096493.
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Grassfires: Fuel, Weather and Fire Behaviour presents information from CSIRO on the behaviour and spread of fires in grasslands. This second edition follows over 10 years of research aimed at improving the understanding of the fundamental processes involved in the behaviour of grassfires.
The book covers all aspects of fire behaviour and spread in the major types of grasses in Australia. It examines the factors that affect fire behaviour in continuous grassy fuels; fire in spinifex fuels; the effect of weather and topography on fire spread; wildfire suppression strategies; and how to reconstruct grassfire spread after the fact. The three meters designed by CSIRO for the prediction of fire danger and rate of spread of grassfires are explained and their use and limitations discussed.
This new edition expands the discussion of historical fires including Aboriginal burning practices, the chemistry of combustion, and the structure of turbulent diffusion flames. It also examines fire safety, including the difficulty of predicting wind strength and direction and the impact of threshold wind speed on safe fire suppression. Myths and fallacies about fire behaviour are explained in relation to their impact on personal safety and survival.
Grassfires will be a valuable reference for rural fire brigade members, landholders, fire authorities, researchers and those studying landscape and ecological processes.
Book chapters on the topic "Aboriginal fire practices"
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Ward, Harriet, Lynne Moggach, Susan Tregeagle, and Helen Trivedi. "Introduction: International Issues and Debates Concerning Adoption." In Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care, 1–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76429-6_1.
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AbstractA history of systemic injustices and a lack of transparency have influenced public perceptions of domestic adoption. This book aims to introduce more empirical evidence into the debate by exploring the value of open adoption, as practised in Australia, as a route to permanence for abused and neglected children in out-of-home care who cannot safely return to their birth families. International evidence about the outcomes of adoption and foster care is discussed. The chapter introduces the Barnardos Australia Find-a-Family programme which has been finding adoptive homes since 1986 for non-Aboriginal children in care who are identified as ‘hard to place’. Regular post-adoption face-to-face contact with birth family members is an integral part of the adoption plan. The methodology for evaluating the outcomes for 210 children placed through the programme included case and court file analysis, a follow-up survey and interviews with adoptive parents and adult adoptees.
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Kost, Fiona. "Burning the Bush: The Development of Australia’s Southwest Botanical Province." In Humans and the Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199590292.003.0015.
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Though early historical records frequently mention Aboriginal, or Noongar, firing in south-western Australia, little is known about how the Noongar people managed the vegetation with fire, or the impact this has had on the environment. This study uses interdisciplinary archaeology, with information from ethnographic data, historical records, and pollen records from the last 6,000 years to determine the actions of the Noongar people and demonstrate how the Southwest Botanical Province can be viewed as an artefact of Noongar land management. It is widely accepted that Aboriginal people have had an effect on some of Australia’s vegetation types through fire (Bowman 1998; Hallam 1975; Kershaw et al. 2002) although the extent of the influence of Aboriginal firing is debated (Mooney et al. 2007). However, pollen data and the study of fire indicators in Xanthorrhoea and Eucalyptus trunks have been used to demonstrate that the frequency of fire events in the south-west has decreased since European colonization (Atahan et al. 2004; Ward et al. 2001), resulting in the loss of fire-dependent vegetation species and changes in vegetation distribution patterns. This disruption of the vegetation communities has been compounded by the extensive clearing of land for farming and the displacement of the Noongar people (Dodson 2001). The impact that European colonization had on vegetation becomes more apparent as an understanding of the Noongar fire management practices is gained. There is increasing acknowledgement by researchers of the need to understand the influence of the past fire regime on vegetation patterns and to acknowledge traditional land management practices (Hopper and Gioia 2004), as well as the changes caused by European attempts to create a ‘natural’ regime, so that land management groups can take them into account when determining modern-day prescribed burning timetables. Archaeological studies such as this one can provide a unique insight into the past actions of people such as the Noongar, allowing us to determine how they shaped the landscape prior to European colonization (see Balée, Chapter 3 this volume for a more direct discussion of the ‘indigenous’ nature of pre-colonial landscapes; see Stump, Chapter 10 this volume for similar discussions of colonial and postcolonial environmental narratives).
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D’Arcy, Zoe. "Living with fire in the landscape: uncomfortable adaptation, or border war?" In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 908–13. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_137.
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With anthropogenic climate change already bringing more frequent and more intense wildfires, combined with significant human populations living in wildfire-prone landscapes, there are increased calls for adaptive approaches to fire. There is hope that by doing so, and by moving from a predominantly responsive ‘war on wildfire’ approach, humans can learn to ‘thrive with fire’ (Tedim et al. 2020). Humans around the world have always shared their landscapes with fire – circumstances dictating the degree of comfort. Through these lived experiences, the stories of humans learning to live within their landscapes and therefore with fire have always been – and continue to be – stories of learning and innovation (Bowman et al. 2011; Pyne 2016). These adaptations, however, have been both enabled and constrained by how humans and their institutions have envisioned their relationships with the more-than-human actors and agents that share the landscape with them (Ruane 2018). These actors and agents include, amongst many other things, fire, vegetation and the weather. There has been a great deal of focus on what can be learnt from Indigenous knowledges about fire on the landscape (i.e. (Roos et al. 2016; Steffensen 2020). However, there has been less attention on how complex and often conflicting Western visions of the landscape and therefore of fire have contributed to particular adaptive approaches. This paper explores how these visions – Aboriginal, as well as colonial, romantic, scientific, national and ecological – are a useful way of examining current narratives and adaptive approaches to fire in an Australian context. Examining these differing visions helps understand the range of fire management adaptions that have emerged in Australia. Each vision has implications for how ‘fire-adaptive’ communities might act; what decisions they might make; who might be involved; and the processes that are used to take an adaptive approach to fire. They offer knowledges and practices that could complement the dominant colonial vision of ‘war on wildfire’, as well as reduce the effects of social and environmental ‘slow emergencies’ on human and more-than-human vulnerabilities. However, despite knowledge of these alternative visions in governments and communities, they are difficult to incorporate meaningfully into the dominant vision. Adaptive approaches to fire in more-than-human communities will require trade-offs across levels of society, scales of landscapes and of time.
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Malcolm, Ian G. "Decolonisation and Neo-colonialism in Aboriginal Education." In Exploring the Ecology of World Englishes in the Twenty-first Century, 280–300. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462853.003.0014.
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Ian Malcolm discusses Aboriginal English from the educational point of view, analysing the deconstruction of Aboriginal culture and Indigenous languages under colonial administration. As he describes it, Aboriginal Australians have faced dispossession of their lands and been subjected to practices, laws and language that contradict their culture. Legal and educational systems imposed by the dominant culture have worked to maintain colonial domination, that is, neo-colonialism. Yet these speakers have shown their resistance to colonialism, by adapting the English language to make it express an Aboriginal rather than a colonial worldview and affirming its nexus with their culture. He presents five elements of this reconceptualisation in the changed lexical and grammatical elements of Aboriginal English. New words for identifying themselves and their group identities are elements in affirming the decolonisation of Indigenous people. The paper argues that a bicultural approach to education is needed to counter neo-colonialism, to affirm Indigenous culture and languages where possible, and otherwise develop a bidialectal approach using Aboriginal and Australian English in schools.