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Journal articles on the topic 'Abortion Providers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Biggs, M. Antonia, Lidia Casas, Alejandra Ramm, C. Finley Baba, Sara Victoria Correa, and Daniel Grossman. "Future health providers’ willingness to provide abortion services following decriminalisation of abortion in Chile: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030797.

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ObjectiveTo assess Chilean medical and midwifery students’ attitudes and willingness to become trained to provide abortion care, shortly after abortion was decriminalised in 2017.DesignWe fielded a cross-sectional, web-based survey of medical and midwifery students. We used generalised estimating equations to assess differences by type of university and degree sought.SettingWe recruited students from a combination of seven secular, religiously-affiliated, public and private universities that offer midwifery or medical degrees with a specialisation in obstetrics and gynaecology, located in Santiago, Chile.ParticipantsStudents seeking medical or midwifery degrees at one of seven universities were eligible to participate. We distributed the survey link to medical and midwifery students at these seven universities; 459 eligible students opened the survey link and 377 students completed the survey.Primary and secondary outcomesIntentions to become trained to provide abortion services was our primary outcome of interest. Secondary outcomes included moral views and concerns about abortion provision.ResultsMost students intend to become trained to provide abortion services (69%), 20% reported that they will not provide an abortion under any circumstance, half (50%) had one or more concern about abortion provision and 16% agreed/strongly agreed that providing abortions is morally wrong. Most believed that their university should train medical and midwifery students to provide abortion services (70%–79%). Secular university students reported higher intentions to provide abortion services (beta 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.63), more favourable views (beta 0.52, CI: 0.32 to 0.72) and were less likley to report concerns about abortion provision (adjusted OR 0.47, CI: 0.23 to 0.95) than students from religious universities.ConclusionMedical and midwifery students are interested in becoming trained to provide abortion services and believe their university should provide this training. Integrating high-quality training in abortion care into medical and midwifery programmes will be critical to ensuring that women receive timely, non-judgemental and quality abortion care.

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Jacobson, Mireille, and Heather Royer. "Aftershocks: The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 189–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.1.189.

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Between 1973 and 2003, abortion providers in the United States were the targets of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel is taken into account, however, the overall effect of the violence is much smaller. (JEL I11, J13, K42)

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3

Martin, Lisa A., Michelle Debbink, Jane Hassinger, Emily Youatt, Meghan Eagen-Torkko, and Lisa H. Harris. "Measuring Stigma Among Abortion Providers: Assessing the Abortion Provider Stigma Survey Instrument." Women & Health 54, no. 7 (September 25, 2014): 641–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2014.919981.

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Bonnington, A., L. Martin, J. Hassinger, E. Youatt, M. Eagen-Torkko, M. Debbink, and L. Harris. "Abortion providers as stigmatizers: provider judgment and stereotyping of patients seeking abortion." Contraception 88, no. 3 (September 2013): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.052.

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5

JIN BAN, DEOK, JINHYUN KIM, and W. INDRALAL DE SILVA. "INDUCED ABORTION IN SRI LANKA: WHO GOES TO PROVIDERS FOR PREGNANCY TERMINATION?" Journal of Biosocial Science 34, no. 3 (July 2002): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002003036.

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The sociodemographic characteristics of abortion seekers and the reasons they give for procuring termination were studied in 356 clients selected from two abortion clinics in the city of Colombo. Nearly 80% were Buddhists and about 10% were Christians. Almost all had some formal education but only 20% were employed outside the home. Over 95% were currently married and at the peak of their childbearing age. More than one-half were aged 30 years or over, while adolescents only constituted about 3%. Fourteen per cent were nulliparous and about two-thirds had one or two living children at the time of obtaining the abortion. A significantly high proportion also had a very young child. In total, the 356 women had had 1130 pregnancies, and the mean rate of abortion was 42 per 100 pregnancies. Over one-quarter had had more than one abortion and about 10% had had three or more. Almost all abortions were performed within the first trimester with a mean gestation period of 6 weeks. About one-third of the clients were using some method of contraception at the time they became pregnant. The most common reasons cited for the present abortion were ‘pregnancy too soon after previous delivery’, ‘no more children desired’ or ‘curtailment of opportunity for foreign employment’. Unmarried women constitute a special group of abortion seekers who have different needs and behave differently from married women. Their needs are not currently being met by reproductive health programmes in Sri Lanka, and it is important that they should be given special attention in the future. An interesting finding is that a significant minority of the abortion seekers answered negatively to the question regarding providing medical facilities for abortions without difficulty. This underscores the ambivalence many people have to abortion.

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Flynn, Cameron O'Brien, and Robin Fretwell Wilson. "When States Regulate Emergency Contraceptives like Abortion, What Should Guide Disclosure?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 1 (2015): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12197.

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State law efforts to regulate abortions have accelerated. Between 2011 and 2013, state legislatures enacted 205 abortion laws — 16 more than in the entire decade before. Most laws take direct aim at surgical abortions, although some also target chemical abortions that use drugs like RU-486, a common chemical abortifacient sold under the trade name Mifeprex.A crop of new state laws focus on the subject of this Symposium, that is, what information abortion providers must give women about the procedures or drugs they seek. In the most controversial iteration of these “informed consent” statutes, abortion providers must “perform an ultrasound on each wom[a]n seeking an abortion and…show and describe the image” (the “speech and display provisions”). Some state laws regulating chemical abortions also force particular disclosures to women when receiving such drugs.

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7

Ho, Stephanie, and Elizabeth Janiak. "Impact of a case management programme for women seeking later second-trimester abortion: the case of the Massachusetts Access Program." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200095.

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ObjectiveThe Massachusetts Access Program is a statewide, centralised referral and case management program created to address barriers to later second-trimester abortions. This study outlines the scope of, describes provider experiences with, and evaluates provider acceptability of the Program.Study designWe invited physicians, nurses and staff working in hospitals within the later abortion provider referral network to participate in a mixed-methods study that included a web-based quantitative survey and/or a semi-structured qualitative interview. We used descriptive statistics to analyse survey data and inductive coding methods to analyse interview data.ResultsFrom 2007–2012, 15–28% of abortions performed in Massachusetts at 19 weeks or greater gestational age annually were scheduled through the Access Program. We received 16 completed surveys and conducted seven interviews with providers who routinely receive referrals for later abortions through the Program. Providers overall reported positive experiences with the Program and found it highly acceptable. They described that the transportation, accommodation and financial assistance enabled patients access to care. The specialised and updated knowledge of the Access Coordinator in regards to abortion care also allowed her to act as a resource for providers.ConclusionsThe Access Program, through its referral and case management network, was a valuable resource both to patients seeking later second-trimester abortions and providers involved in abortion care. It acts as one example of an effective, highly acceptable and potentially replicable intervention to reduce barriers to obtaining later second-trimester abortions.

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8

Martin, Lisa A., Jane A. Hassinger, Michelle Debbink, and Lisa H. Harris. "Dangertalk: Voices of abortion providers." Social Science & Medicine 184 (July 2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.001.

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9

Harris, L., L. Martin, M. Eagen-Torrko, E. Youatt, M. Debbink, and J. Hassinger. "Dangerous talk among abortion providers." Contraception 86, no. 3 (September 2012): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.063.

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HARRIES, J., N. LINCE, D. CONSTANT, A. HARGEY, and D. GROSSMAN. "THE CHALLENGES OF OFFERING PUBLIC SECOND TRIMESTER ABORTION SERVICES IN SOUTH AFRICA: HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS' PERSPECTIVES." Journal of Biosocial Science 44, no. 2 (November 17, 2011): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000678.

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SummaryAround 25% of abortions in South Africa are performed in the second trimester. This study aimed to better understand what doctors, nurses and hospital managers involved in second trimester abortion care thought about these services and how they could be improved. Nineteen in-depth interviews with abortion-related service providers and managers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were undertaken. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Participants expressed resistance to the dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedure, as this required more active provider involvement. Medical abortion was preferred as it required less provider involvement in the abortion process. A shortage of providers willing to perform D&E resulted in most public sector services being outsourced to private sector doctors. Respondents noted an increased demand for services and a concomitant lack of infrastructure, physical space and personnel to respond to these demands, sometimes resulting in fragmented or poor quality care. At medical induction sites, most thought introducing the combined mifepristone–misoprostol regimen would improve service capacity, although they were concerned about cost. Improving contraceptive services was also seen as a much-needed intervention to improve care and prevent abortion. Ongoing training, including values clarification, as well as emotional support and team-building for providers are needed to ensure sustainable, high-quality second trimester abortion services.

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11

Medoff, Marshall H. "Factors Affecting the Availability of Abortion Providers." American Economist 66, no. 2 (April 24, 2021): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05694345211010541.

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This study, using state data, empirically examines the factors affecting the availability of abortion providers over the period 1992–2011. The empirical results found that the labor force participation of women and the percentage of women of reproductive age in the 18–24 age group were positively associated with the number of abortion providers in a state. The level of antiabortion activities and antiabortion attitudes were negatively associated with the number of abortion providers in a state. Also, a state’s abortion rate was positively associated with the number of abortion providers. The enforcement of a parental involvement law by a state significantly deters physicians or organizations from becoming or remaining abortion providers. JEL Classifications: I11, I18, K32, K38

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12

Reagan, Leslie J. "Abortion travels: An international history." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419854682.

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This article examines how women crossed local and national borders in order to obtain abortions despite laws and religious injunctions that forbade abortion. Investigating that travel reveals transnational networks of information and assistance among abortion providers, physicians, feminists, and others; it also makes visible how changing laws changed patterns of abortion travel. This article considers travelling for abortion from the 19th through the 21st century primarily by North Americans and Europeans who travelled across borders, oceans, and continents to many different countries around the world in order to obtain abortions.

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13

Medoff, Marshall H. "The Relationship Between State Abortion Policies and Abortion Providers." Gender Issues 26, no. 3-4 (December 2009): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12147-009-9085-9.

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14

Alexander, Lily T., Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera, Biani Saavedra-Avendaño, Raffaela Schiavon, Noe Maldonado Rueda, Bernardo Hernández, Alison L. Drake, and Blair G. Darney. "Utilisation of second-trimester spontaneous and induced abortion services in public hospitals in Mexico, 2007–2015." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200300.

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BackgroundData on utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services are sparse. We describe temporal and geographical trends in utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services across Mexico.MethodsWe used 2007–2015 data from Mexico’s Automated Hospital Discharge System (SAEH) to identify second-trimester abortive events (ICD O02-O08) in public hospitals across Mexico’s 32 states. We described utilisation, calculated rates using population data, and used logistic regression to identify woman- and state-level factors (municipality-level marginalisation, state-level abortion law) associated with utilisation of second-trimester versus first-trimester services.ResultsWe identified 145 956 second-trimester abortions, or 13.4% of total documented hospitalizations for abortion between 2007 to 2015. The annual utilisation rate of second-trimester abortion remained constant, between 0.5 to 0.6 per 1000 women aged 15–44 years. Women living in highly marginalised municipalities had 1.43 higher odds of utilising abortions services in their second versus their first trimester, when compared with women in municipalities with low marginalisation (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73). Living in a state with a health or fetal anomaly exception to abortion restrictions was not associated with higher utilisation of second-trimester abortion services.ConclusionsOur results suggest there is a need for all types of second-trimester abortion services in Mexico. To improve health outcomes for Mexican women, especially the most vulnerable, access to safe second-trimester abortion services must be ensured through the implementation of current legal exceptions and renewed attention to the training of healthcare providers.

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Singh, Susheela, Rubina Hussain, Chander Shekhar, Rajib Acharya, Melissa Stillman, and Ann M. Moore. "Incidence of treatment for postabortion complications in India, 2015." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 7 (July 2020): e002372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002372.

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Abortion has been legal under broad criteria in India since 1971. However, access to legal abortion services remains poor. In the past decade, medication abortion (MA) has become widely available in India and use of this method outside of health facilities accounts for over 70% of all abortions. Morbidity from unsafe abortion remains an important health issue. The informal providers who are the primary source of MA may have poor knowledge of the method and may offer inadequate or inaccurate advice on use of the method. Misuse of the method can result in women seeking treatment for true complications as well as during the normal processes of MA. An estimated 5% of all abortions are done using highly unsafe methods and performed by unskilled providers, also contributing to abortion morbidity. This paper provides new representative abortion-related morbidity measures at the national and subnational levels from a large-scale 2015 study of six Indian states—Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The outcomes include the number and treatment rates of women with complications resulting from induced abortion and the type of complications. The total number of women treated for abortion complications at the national level is 5.2 million, and the rate is 15.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age per year. In all six study states, a high proportion of all women receiving postabortion care were admitted with incomplete abortion from use of MA—ranging from 33% in Tamil Nadu to 65% in Assam. The paper fills an important gap by providing new evidence that can inform policy-makers and health planners at all levels and lead to improvements in the provision of postabortion care and legal abortion services—improvements that would greatly reduce abortion-related morbidity and its costs to Indian women, their families and the healthcare system.

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Baig, Marina, Sadia Abbas Ali, Kiran Mubeen, and Arusa Lakhani. "Induced abortions in Pakistan: an afflicting challenge needing addressal." British Journal of Midwifery 29, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2021.29.2.94.

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Unintended pregnancies due to low prevalence of contraceptive use in Pakistan leads to a huge burden of induced abortions. These abortions are a major cause of concern, as a majority of these abortions are performed in an unhygienic environment by untrained providers, leading to maternal morbidities and mortalities. Some of the contributing factors of unsafe abortions are lack of availability of quality services, financial barriers, stigma associated with abortion and lack of awareness about abortion law. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invest on family planning and post-abortion care services through health system strengthening approach. The proposed comprehensive strategy for actions at the individual, facility, community and policy levels can address the issue of unsafe abortion in the country.

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Kulshrestha, Kalpna, Barkha Gupta, Kalpana Verma, and Mandvi Tarun. "A retrospective study on causes of unsafe abortions in referred patients, at a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212960.

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Background: Unsafe abortions occur when pregnancy is terminated by unqualified person or in an environment that do not conform to minimal medical standards or both. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes in referred patients of unsafe abortions, methods used and complications with which patients were admitted.Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SIMS Hapur Uttar Pradesh, India from 1stJune 2019 to 29thFebruary 2020. Data was collected from previous hospital records. Total 150 women aged between 18-40 years, admitted with complications of unsafe abortions and who had taken advice for termination outside our institute, were included. The demographic profile, detailed history, first contact person for abortion advice, abortion service provider, method of termination and prior ultrasound were noted. Exclusion criteria was period of gestation more than 20 weeks and spontaneous abortions.Results: The study showed 92% contacted unqualified person, out of which 22.5%were uncertified doctors, 30.4% ANM’s, 16.7% Nurses, 12.3% consulted quacks and 10.9% Chemists. Among the abortion service providers 23.6% were uncertified doctors, 45.7% Chemists, 15% Nurses, 5.7% Quacks, 3.6% ANM’s and 6.4% had taken self-medication. Prior ultrasound was done in 28% cases. Method of termination was medical in 78.7% and surgical in 21.3% cases. Period of gestation was <8 weeks in 69.3%, 8-12 weeks in 27.3%, 12-16 weeks in 2%. 37.3% had parity 2 and 55.3% were Hindus.Conclusions: Despite availability of safe abortion services, unsafe abortion practices are still prevalent. Approved MTP centres, skilled and certified abortion providers must be easily accessible to women even in rural areas to safeguard their health.

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Sanitya, Rugsapon, Aniqa Islam Marshall, Nithiwat Saengruang, Sataporn Julchoo, Pigunkaew Sinam, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Mathudara Phaiyarom, Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Nongluk Boonthai, and Kamheang Chaturachinda. "Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Abortions in Thailand: A Pre-Post Evaluation of Trainings on Safe Abortion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093198.

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Although physicians in Thailand can carry out abortions legally, unsafe abortion rates remain high and have serious consequences for women’s health. Training programs for healthcare providers on the ‘Care of unplanned and adolescent pregnancies for the prevention of unsafe abortions’ have been implemented in Thailand with the aim of providing information and challenging negative attitudes about abortions. This study investigated the participants of the training courses in order to: (i) evaluate their knowledge and attitudes towards safe abortions; and (ii) investigate the factors that determine their knowledge and attitudes. A pre-post study design was applied. Descriptive statistics were calculated to provide an overview of the data. Bivariate analysis, a Wilcoxon signed rank test and a multivariable analysis using multiple linear regression were applied to determine the changes in attitudes and assess the likelihood of behaviour change towards adolescents and women experiencing unplanned pregnancy and abortions, according to demographic and professional characteristics. Having had the training, healthcare providers’ change in attitudes towards adolescents and women experiencing unplanned pregnancies and abortions were found to be 0.67 points for the nine responses of attitudes and 0.79 points for the 14 responses on various abortion scenarios. Changes in attitude were significantly different among the varying health professional types, with non-doctors increasing by 0.53 points, non-obstetricians and non-gynaecologists increasing by 0.46 points and obstetricians and gynaecologists (OBGYN) increasing by 0.32 points. Positive attitudes towards unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions and attitudes towards abortion scenarios significantly increased. The career type of the health professional was a significant factor in improving attitudes. The training program was more effective among non-doctor healthcare providers. Therefore, non-doctors could be the target population for training in the future.

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Sisson, Gretchen, and Carole Joffe. "Abortion Providers on Politically Engaging Patients." Women's Health Issues 30, no. 2 (March 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2019.10.001.

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Forrest, Jacqueline Darroch, and Stanley K. Henshaw. "The Harassment of U.S. Abortion Providers." Family Planning Perspectives 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135360.

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21

BATES, BETSY. "Violence Toward Abortion Providers a Concern." Family Practice News 39, no. 12 (June 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(09)70512-2.

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Harris, L., M. Eagen-Torkko, E. Youatt, J. Hassinger, M. Debbink, and L. Martin. "Abortion providers and pro-life patients." Contraception 86, no. 3 (September 2012): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.032.

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Huber-Krum, Sarah, Duygu Karadon, Sebahat Kurutas, Julia Rohr, Simay Sevval Baykal, Bahar Ayca Okcuoglu, Yilmaz Esmer, David Canning, and Iqbal Shah. "Estimating abortion prevalence and understanding perspectives of community leaders and providers: Results from a mixed-method study in Istanbul, Turkey." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652095335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520953353.

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Objectives: Abortions are difficult to measure; yet, accurate estimates are critical in developing health programs. We implemented and tested the validity of a list experiment of lifetime abortion prevalence in Istanbul, Turkey. We complemented our findings by understanding community perspectives using in-depth interviews with key informants. Methods: We conducted a household survey between March and June 2018. In a random sample of 4040 married women aged 16–44 years, we implemented a double list experiment. We averaged difference in mean values calculations between the average counts for each list to provide an estimated lifetime abortion prevalence. We conducted in-depth interviews with 16 key informants to provide insights into possible explanations for the quantitative results. Results: The abortion prevalence estimate from the list experiment was close to that of the direct question (3.25% vs 2.97%). Key informant narratives suggest that differing definitions of abortion, inaccessibility, provider bias, lack of knowledge of abortion laws and safety, and religious norms could contribute to under-reporting. Results from the qualitative study suggest that abortion is largely inaccessible and highly stigmatized. Conclusion: Measuring experiences of abortion is critical to understanding women’s needs and informing harm-reduction strategies; however, in highly stigmatized settings, researchers may face unique challenges in obtaining accurate reports.

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Kavanagh, Aine, Sally Wielding, Rosemary Cochrane, Judith Sim, Anne Johnstone, and Sharon Cameron. "‘Abortion’ or ‘termination of pregnancy’? Views from abortion care providers in Scotland, UK." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 44, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-101925.

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BackgroundThe phrase ‘termination of pregnancy’ has recently been adopted by a number of British medical institutions as a preferred descriptor of induced abortion. How it is used by abortion care providers is unclear, although the ongoing stigmatisation of abortion may play a role.MethodsA mixed methods study of the views of abortion care providers in Scotland, UK. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed to abortion care providers at a national conference (Scottish Abortion Care Providers). The main outcomes measured were the proportion of respondents reporting that they found the terms ‘abortion’ and ‘termination of pregnancy’ to be distressing, and their preferred terminology for use in consultations with women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 providers from a single clinic in Scotland to contextualise use of the terminology.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 90/118 delegates (76%). More respondents indicated they found the term ‘abortion’ distressing (28%), compared with those who found ‘termination of pregnancy’ distressing (6%; P<0.0001). Interview participants reported that ‘termination of pregnancy’ was the default phrase used in consultations. Some respondents stated that they occasionally purposely used ‘abortion’ in consultations to emphasise the seriousness of the procedure (morally, physically and/or emotionally).Conclusions‘Termination of pregnancy’ is the most commonly used term to describe induced abortion in patient consultations in Scotland. This and the term ‘abortion’ appear to play different roles, with the former being used euphemistically, and the latter as a more emphatic term. Further research is warranted to investigate how this interacts with patient care, service provision, and abortion stigma.

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Perreira, Krista M., Emily M. Johnston, Adele Shartzer, and Sophia Yin. "Perceived Access to Abortion Among Women in the United States in 2018: Variation by State Abortion Policy Context." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 7 (July 2020): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305659.

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Objectives. To describe perceptions of access to abortion among women of reproductive age and their associations with state abortion policy contexts. Methods. We used data from the 2018 Survey of Family Planning and Women’s Lives, a probability-based sample of 2115 adult women aged 18 to 44 years in US households. Results. We found that 27.6% of women (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.3%, 32.7%) believed that access to medical abortion was difficult and 30.1% of women (95% CI = 25.6%, 35.1%) believed that access to surgical abortion was difficult. Adjusted for covariates, women were significantly more likely to perceive access to both surgical and medical abortions as difficult when they lived in states with 4 or more restrictive abortion policies compared with states with fewer restrictions (surgical adjusted odds ratio [AORsurgical] = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.21; AORmedical = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.95). Specific restrictive abortion policies (e.g., public funding restrictions, mandatory counseling or waiting periods, and targeted regulation of abortion providers) were also associated with greater perceived difficulty accessing both surgical and medical abortions. Conclusions. State policies restricting abortion access are associated with perceptions of reduced access to both medical and surgical abortions among women of reproductive age.

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SCHNEIDER, MARY ELLEN. "Mississippi Law Sets Limits On Abortion Providers." Family Practice News 42, no. 8 (May 2012): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(12)70370-5.

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27

Steinauer, J. "Time to stand up for abortion providers." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 17 (November 2, 1994): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.272.17.1378.

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Dressler, J., N. Maughn, J. Soon, and W. Norman. "Experiences of rural versus urban abortion providers in British Colombia: interview findings from the BC Abortion Providers Survey." Contraception 86, no. 3 (September 2012): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.075.

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29

Blood, Deborah. "Effects of Title X “Gag Rule” upon Women's Attitudes towards Their Healthcare Providers." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (February 1994): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.304.

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79 women were randomly assigned to conditions in which they received pregnancy counseling including abortion information or excluding abortion information (with or without a reminder of the “gag rule”). Subjects not given abortion information viewed their caregivers as more biased, less competent, less empathetic, and holding anti-abortion views compared to those receiving such information. Those not given abortion information but reminded of the “gag rule” viewed their caregivers with relative dislike and mistrust.

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Kumar, Anuradha. "Disgust, stigma, and the politics of abortion." Feminism & Psychology 28, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353518765572.

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Despite the growing body of research on the emotion of disgust – including its relationship to political ideology, moral judgment, matters of sex and sexuality, and death – the global reproductive rights movement has paid relatively little attention to the role disgust plays in the debate over abortion. By focusing on the right of a woman to make her own decision about an unwanted pregnancy, the pro-choice community has allowed anti-choice groups to define and frame the abortion procedure, abortion providers, and women who have abortions in terms associated with disgust. This commentary encourages further examination of what triggers disgust, its measurement, and ways of mitigating it, which could be useful for reducing abortion stigma, in future legal cases and in abortion research, advocacy, and communications.

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Lichter, Daniel T., Diane K. McLaughlin, and David C. Ribar. "State Abortion Policy, Geographic Access to Abortion Providers and Changing Family Formation." Family Planning Perspectives 30, no. 6 (November 1998): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2991504.

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Joffe, Carole. "Reactions to Medical Abortion Among Providers of Surgical Abortion: An Early Snapshot." Family Planning Perspectives 31, no. 1 (January 1999): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2991555.

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Anonymous. "The independence of private versus public abortion providers: implications for abortion stigma." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 38, no. 4 (October 2012): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100335.

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Dennis, Amanda, and Kelly Blanchard. "Abortion Providers' Experiences with Medicaid Abortion Coverage Policies: A Qualitative Multistate Study." Health Services Research 48, no. 1 (June 28, 2012): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01443.x.

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Kasstan, Ben, and Maya Unnithan. "Arbitrating Abortion: Sex-selection and Care Work among Abortion Providers in England." Medical Anthropology 39, no. 6 (February 18, 2020): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2019.1709183.

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White, Katharine O., Heidi E. Jones, Antonella Lavelanet, Wendy V. Norman, Edith Guilbert, E. Steve Lichtenberg, and Maureen Paul. "First-trimester aspiration abortion practices: a survey of United States abortion providers." Contraception 99, no. 1 (January 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2018.08.011.

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Riley, Taylor, Mugove G. Madziyire, Tsungai Chipato, and Elizabeth A. Sully. "Estimating abortion incidence and unintended pregnancy among adolescents in Zimbabwe, 2016: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e034736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034736.

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ObjectiveTo estimate age-specific abortion incidence and unintended pregnancy in Zimbabwe, and to examine differences among adolescents by marital status and residence.DesignWe used a variant of the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology, an indirect estimation approach, to estimate age-specific abortion incidence. We used three surveys: the Health Facility Survey, a census of 227 facilities that provide postabortion care (PAC); the Health Professional Survey, a purposive sample of key informants knowledgeable about abortion (n=118) and the Prospective Morbidity Survey of PAC patients (n=1002).SettingPAC-providing health facilities in Zimbabwe.ParticipantsHealthcare providers in PAC-providing facilities and women presenting to facilities with postabortion complications.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was abortion incidence (in rates and ratios). The secondary outcome measure was the proportion of unintended pregnancies that end in abortion.ResultsAdolescent women aged 15–19 years had the lowest abortion rate at five abortions per 1000 women aged 15–19 years compared with other age groups. Adolescents living in urban areas had a higher abortion ratio compared with adolescents in rural areas, and unmarried adolescent women had a higher abortion ratio compared with married adolescents. Unintended pregnancy levels were similar across age groups, and adolescent women had the lowest proportion of unintended pregnancies that ended in induced abortion (9%) compared with other age groups.ConclusionsThis paper provides the first estimates of age-specific abortion and unintended pregnancy in Zimbabwe. Despite similar levels of unintended pregnancy across age groups, these findings suggest that adolescent women have abortions at lower rates and carry a higher proportion of unintended pregnancies to term than older women. Adolescent women are also not a homogeneous group, and youth-focused reproductive health programmes should consider the differences in experiences and barriers to care among young people that affect their ability to decide whether and when to parent.

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Naveed, Zaeema, Babar Tasneem Shaikh, and Muhammad Asif Nawaz. "INDUCED ABORTIONS IN PAKISTAN: EXPOSITIONS, DESTINATIONS AND REPERCUSSIONS. A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY IN RAWALPINDI DISTRICT." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 5 (August 11, 2015): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000255.

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SummaryOver 2 million abortions occur annually in Pakistan, mostly in a clandestine and unsafe environment. This is an area of grave concern for the reproductive health of women. A dearth of credible data and incomplete information make the problem more difficult to address. This qualitative study was conducted in semi-urban settings in Pakistan to record perceptions and practices concerning care seeking, experiences and outcomes regarding induced abortions and post-abortion care services. Women who had had induced abortions and abortion service providers were interviewed. Unwanted pregnancies and poverty were found to be the main reasons for seeking an abortion. Moreover, the unwanted pregnancies occurred due to low use of contraceptives, mainly due to a fear or past experience of their side-effects, unfamiliarity with correct usage and perceived inefficacy of the methods, especially condoms. There is an obvious need for practical and innovative interventions to address unmet need for birth spacing through improved access to contraceptives. Contraceptive providers should be provided with up-to-date and detailed training in family planning counselling, and perhaps allowed unrestricted provision of contraceptives. As a long-term measure, improvement in access to education and formal schooling could increase young girls’ and women’s knowledge of the benefits of family planning and the risks of unsafe abortion practices. Males must be involved in all the initiatives so that both partners are in agreement on correct and consistent contraceptive use.

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Newton, Danielle, Chris Bayly, Kathleen McNamee, Annarella Hardiman, Marie Bismark, Amy Webster, and Louise Keogh. "How do women seeking abortion choose between surgical and medical abortion? Perspectives from abortion service providers." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 56, no. 5 (August 17, 2016): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12506.

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Weitz, Tracy Ann, and Kate Cockrill. "Abortion clinic patients’ opinions about obtaining abortions from general women's health care providers." Patient Education and Counseling 81, no. 3 (December 2010): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.003.

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Reiger, Sarah T., Phyllis Dako-Gyeke, Thoai D. Ngo, Gillian Eva, Leonard Gobah, Kelly Blanchard, and Kate Grindlay. "Abortion knowledge and experiences among young women and men in Accra, Ghana." Gates Open Research 3 (May 30, 2019): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12961.1.

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Background: Despite the presence of legal abortion services in Ghana, unsafe abortion remains common, particularly among young women. Little is understood about what young people know about safe and legal abortion, and if and how they are utilizing it. Methods: To characterize abortion use and address gaps in safe access, from September-December 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 100 men and 250 women aged 18-24 in Accra, Ghana. Participants were asked about abortion experiences, including prior services, providers, methods, satisfaction, perceived support, and knowledge of laws. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact tests, and chi-square tests were performed. Results: Among surveyed youth, most (87% of women, 64% of men) thought abortion was illegal or did not know the law. In total, 30% of women and 14% of men ever had an abortion and partner who had an abortion, respectively. Among women’s most recent abortions, medication abortion (61%), surgical methods (26%), and unsafe methods categorized “least safe” (14%) were the initial or only methods used. Most women who accessed medication abortion initially or as their only method saw a pharmacist (40%) or no one (33%). Nearly one-quarter of women (n=16, 24%) who initially took tablets used more than one method. Conclusions: Despite experiences with abortion, most young people in this study were unaware of its legality and unsafe abortions occurred. More needs to be done to ensure young people understand the law and have access to safe methods, and that pharmacists are trained to provide appropriate doses and formulations of medication abortion.

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Reiger, Sarah T., Phyllis Dako-Gyeke, Thoai D. Ngo, Gillian Eva, Leonard Gobah, Kelly Blanchard, Sruthi Chandrasekaran, and Kate Grindlay. "Abortion knowledge and experiences among young women and men in Accra, Ghana." Gates Open Research 3 (September 7, 2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12961.2.

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Background: Despite the presence of legal abortion services in Ghana, unsafe abortion remains common, particularly among young women. Little is understood about what young people know about safe and legal abortion, and if and how they are utilizing it. Methods: To characterize abortion use and address gaps in safe access, from September-December 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 100 men and 250 women aged 18-24 in Accra, Ghana. Participants were asked about abortion experiences, including prior services, providers, methods, satisfaction, perceived support, and knowledge of laws. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact tests, and chi-square tests were performed. Results: Among surveyed youth, most (87% of women, 64% of men) thought abortion was illegal or did not know the law. In total, 30% of women and 14% of men ever had an abortion and partner who had an abortion, respectively. Among women’s most recent abortions, medication abortion (61%), surgical methods (26%), and unsafe methods categorized “least safe” (14%) were the initial or only methods used. Most women who accessed medication abortion initially or as their only method saw a pharmacist (40%) or no one (33%). Nearly one-quarter of women (n=16, 24%) who initially took tablets used more than one method. Conclusions: Despite experiences with abortion, most young people in this study were unaware of its legality and unsafe abortions occurred. More needs to be done to ensure young people understand the law and have access to safe methods, and that pharmacists are trained to provide appropriate doses and formulations of medication abortion.

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Gan, Kang, Yuhan Zhang, Xiaomei Jiang, Yucui Meng, Liyan Hou, and Yimin Cheng. "Perspectives of Chinese healthcare providers on medical abortion." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 114, no. 1 (May 14, 2011): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.01.027.

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Candido, C., E. Geraghty, and M. D. Creinin. "Distribution of abortion providers in los angeles county." Contraception 88, no. 3 (September 2013): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.056.

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Martin, Lisa A., Michelle Debbink, Jane Hassinger, Emily Youatt, and Lisa H. Harris. "Abortion providers, stigma and professional quality of life." Contraception 90, no. 6 (December 2014): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.011.

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Evans, Megan L., and Lois V. Backus. "Medical students for choice: creating tomorrow's abortion providers." Contraception 83, no. 5 (May 2011): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.019.

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Coles, Mandy, Kevin Makino, and Rachael Phelps. "40. Medication Abortion Knowledge Among Adolescent Medicine Providers." Journal of Adolescent Health 48, no. 2 (February 2011): S38—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.086.

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Coles, Mandy S., Kevin K. Makino, and Rachael Phelps. "Knowledge of Medication Abortion Among Adolescent Medicine Providers." Journal of Adolescent Health 50, no. 4 (April 2012): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.07.014.

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Lichter, Daniel T., Diane K. McLaughlin, and David C. Ribar. "Corrections: State Abortion Policy Geographic Access to Abortion Providers and Changing Family Formation." Family Planning Perspectives 31, no. 2 (March 1999): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2991644.

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Kerestes, Courtney A., Colleen K. Stockdale, M. Bridget Zimmerman, and Abbey J. Hardy-Fairbanks. "Abortion providers' experiences and views on self-managed medication abortion: an exploratory study." Contraception 100, no. 2 (August 2019): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2019.04.006.

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