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1
Farkas, Tamás Péter, Attila Orbán, Sándor Szász, András Rapai, Erik Garamvölgyi, and Zoltán Sütő. "Examination of the Usage of a New Beak-Abrasive Material in Different Laying Hen Genotypes (Preliminary Results)." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100947.
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The aim of the experiment was to investigate the use and effect of a new beak-abrasive material not yet examined on mortality of non-beak trimmed laying hens of different genotypes housed in an alternative pen. The study was performed on 636 females belonging to three genotypes of Bábolna TETRA Ltd. (a1 = commercial brown layer hybrid (C); a2 = purebred male line offspring group (maternal); a3 = purebfigure ed female line offspring group (paternal)). A total of 318 hens, i.e., 106 hens/genotype distributed in six pens (53 hens/pen), were evaluated. Cylindrical beak-abrasive blocks of 5.3–5.6 kg were suspended (0.1–0.4 mm diameter gravel, limestone grit, lime hydrate, and cement mixture) in six alternative pens. In six control pens without abrasive material, 318 hens, i.e., 106 hens/genotype (2 pens control group/genotype, i.e., C1 = commercial brown layer hybrid, C2 = purebred male line offspring group, C3 = purebred female line offspring group; 53 hens/pen;) were placed where there were no beak-abrasive materials. The rate of change in the weight of the beak-abrasive materials and the mortality rate were recorded daily. In the six pens equipped with beak-abrasive materials, infrared cameras were installed, and 24 h recordings were made. The number of individuals pecking the beak-abrasive material, the time and duration of dealing with the material were recorded. Data coming from one observation day are given. During the 13 experimental weeks of observation, the weight loss of beak-abrasives differed significantly in the different genotypes (a1 = 27.4%; a2 = 29.6%; a3 = 56.6%). During the only day analyzed, the hens from all the genotypes mostly stayed between 17:00 and 21:00 h in the littered scratching area where the beak-abrasive material was placed (a1 = 48.4%; a2 = 49.2%; a3 = 54.4%). In the case of each genotype, the rate of the hens dealing with beak-abrasives in the first two periods of the day was relatively low (0.2%–0.7%). Peaks of the activity were between 17:00 and 21:00 (a1 = 0.8%; a2 = 1.3%; a3 = 1.8%). The a3 dealt with the beak-abrasive materials to a significantly greater extent in the period from 13:00 to 17:00 (0.8%) and from 17:00 to 21:00 (1.8%) than the a1 (0.2% and 0.8%, respectively). Due to the use of the beak-abrasive materials, the mortality rate decreased the most in the genotypes that used them (a1 with beak-abrasive material 0.0% vs. C1 9.4%; a2 with beak-abrasive material 2.9% vs. C2 12.4%; a3 with beak-abrasive material) 15.4% vs. C3 5.7%). It can be concluded that the insertion of beak-abrasive materials increased the behavioral repertoire of hens, which is particularly beneficial from an animal welfare point of view. Further and longer-term research is needed to determine whether the insertion of the beak-abrasive material has a beneficial effect on the mortality data of the experimental groups through enrichment, either through physical abrasion of the beak or both.
2
Hashish, M. "Observations of Wear of Abrasive-Waterjet Nozzle Materials." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928861.
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This paper addresses the wear characteristics of the mixing tube of an abrasive-waterjet nozzle. An effective nozzle material should possess high values of both hardness and toughness. The mixing tube, which is where the abrasives are mixed, accelerated, and focused with the high-pressure waterjet, is the component in the abrasive-water jet nozzle that receives the greatest wear. Accelerated wear tests were conducted on relatively soft (steel) mixing tubes using a typical soft abrasive (garnet sand) and on harder (tungsten carbide) tubes using a harder abrasive material (aluminum oxide). A wide range of candidate tool materials, including several carbides and ceramics, was also tested using actual machining parameters. The tungsten carbide grades exhibited greater longevity than the harder ceramics, such as boron carbide, when garnet abrasives were used. The reverse trend was observed with aluminum oxide abrasives. Wear trends suggest that the wear mechanisms along the mixing tube change from erosion by particle impact at the upstream sections to abrasion at the downstream sections. Linear cutting tests were also conducted on several candidate nozzle materials to gain more information related to wear performance. It was found, for example, that the binder in tungsten carbide, which controls these properties, is a critical factor that also controls the lifetime of tungsten carbide mixing tubes.
3
Park, Jin-Hyung, Hao Cui, Sok-Ho Yi, Jea-Gun Park, and Ungyu Paik. "Effect of abrasive material properties on polishing rate selectivity of nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te5to SiO2film in chemical mechanical polishing." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 12 (December 2008): 3323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0397.
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We investigated the polishing rate and selectivity of nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te5(NGST) to SiO2film for different abrasive materials (colloidal silica, fumed silica, and ceria abrasives). They both were strongly dependant on abrasive material properties. The polishing rate of nitrogen-doped NGST decreased in the order ceria, fumed silica, and colloidal silica abrasives, which was determined by abrasive material properties, such as abrasive hardness, crystal structure, and primary and secondary abrasive sizes. In addition, the polishing rate slope of NGST film was not significantly different for different abrasive materials, indicating that the polishing of NGST film is mechanical dominant polishing. In contrast, the polishing rate slope of SiO2film decreased in the order ceria, fumed silica, and colloidal silica abrasives, indicating that the polishing of SiO2film is chemical dominant polishing. Furthermore, the difference in polishing rate slopes between NGST and SiO2film gave a polishing rate selectivity of NGST to SiO2film higher than 100:1 with colloidal silica abrasive.
4
Che, Cui Lian, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Hong Tao Zhu, and Quan Lai Li. "Theoretical Model of Surface Roughness for Polishing Super Hard Materials with Abrasive Waterjet." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.465.
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In this paper, the impact pressure of abrasives acting on the polished materials was deduced by Field Theory and the model of surface roughness for polishing super hard materials with Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) was established. The model indicates that the surface roughness increases linearly with an increase in the maximum depth of abrasives indenting into materials and that the relationship between the surface roughness and polishing parameters including water pressure, abrasive pressure, the impact angle, the hardness of the polished material, the elastic distortion of abrasive, abrasive size, abrasive density, nozzle diameter and standoff.
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Cha, Oh, and Cho. "Waterjet Erosion Model for Rock-Like Material Considering Properties of Abrasive and Target Materials." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204234.
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In this study, we investigated the characteristics of abrasive erosion considering the material properties of abrasives and targets. An abrasive particle erosion model considering energy transfer due to hardness differences was developed based on energy conservation using the correlation between volume removal and effective kinetic energy. To obtain the effective erosion kinetic energy of an abrasive, an acceleration model was derived for the abrasive particles, including terms describing the properties of the abrasive and fluid. The applicability of the suggested model was verified by comparing the brittle erosion results obtained using a previous theoretical approach to those of the present numerical analysis. The results obtained using the developed model exhibited good qualitative agreement with the brittle material erosion results. By evaluating acceleration and the erosion characteristics of an abrasive, the erosion performance could be predicted and optimized.
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Shen, Mingxue, Bo Li, Zhinan Zhang, Longzhi Zhao, and Guangyao Xiong. "Abrasive wear behavior of PTFE for seal applications under abrasive-atmosphere sliding condition." Friction 8, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0301-7.
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Abstract Abrasive wear is a common failure phenomenon that often limits the service life of sealing elements. Evaluation and comparison of the abrasion resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were conducted using Al2O3 particles with sizes in the range 5 to 200 µm on a pin-on-flat tribo-tester under dry reciprocating sliding conditions at room temperature. Based on the examined worn surface characteristics of both PTFE and 316L stainless steel (as a counterpart) and the analyzed coefficient of friction (COF) evolutions, the wear mechanism and particle size effect have been explored in detail. The results demonstrate that the abrasive size is the main contributing factor, which can drastically impact the wear mechanism and tribological properties of tribo-pairs. The COF exhibits different evolution characteristics (trends) for different abrasive sizes. For moderate particle sizes, the COF trends become more complicated and the most evident wear of the metallic counterpart is evident. The activity behaviors of abrasives are dominated by the particle size. Particles can becomes embedded in one of the tribo-pair materials to plough-cut the counterpart, thus causing two-body abrasive wear. The abrasives can also behave as free rolling bodies, which play the role of third body to realize three-body “PTFE-abrasive-316L” abrasion. When abrasives are involved in the wear process, both the wear rate and COF of the metallic counterpart increase, but the material removal rate of the PTFE is reduced. The results obtained can offer guidelines regarding the design and protection of seals.
7
Komanduri, R., N. Umehara, and M. Raghunandan. "On the Possibility of Chemo-Mechanical Action in Magnetic Float Polishing of Silicon Nitride." Journal of Tribology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831600.
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Chromium oxide abrasive has been reported in the literature to provide efficient chemo-mechanical polishing action for silicon nitride ceramic. Since aluminum oxide and chromium oxide abrasives are nearly of the same hardness, magnetic float polishing tests were conducted on silicon nitride balls with these two abrasives to investigate mechanical versus chemo-mechanical aspects of polishing. Tests results show higher removal rates and smoother surface texture (with fewer pits) with chromium oxide abrasive compared to aluminum oxide abrasive. Formation of pits due to brittle fracture seems to be the more predominant mode of material removal with aluminum oxide abrasive than with chromium oxide abrasive. While there may be some mechanical action (abrasion) with chromium oxide abrasive initially, subsequent removal is believed to be due to chemo-mechanical action. This could be due to degeneration of the chromium oxide abrasive (both mechanical and chemical) during polishing. Various hypotheses for the material removal mechanism (both mechanical and chemo-mechanical) were considered. Based on that, the higher removal rates and smoother surface texture on the silicon nitride balls with chromium oxide abrasive in semifinish polishing is interpreted here as possibly due to chemo-mechanical action. Higher chemical stability of aluminum oxide abrasive (compared to chromium oxide abrasive) and the known role of chromium oxide as a catalyst for the oxidation of silicon nitride are some of the reasons attributed for this action.
8
Li, Yan, Hang Gao, and Ren Ke Kang. "Study on Removal and Embedding Mechanism of CdZnTe Using Loose Abrasive." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.201.
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Cd1−xZnxTe (CZT) is an excellent ternary compound semiconductor. CZT is the most suitable substrate material for Hg1−yCdyTe epitaxial growth and can make the detector itself. The researchers have done a lot of works on the hard and brittle material removal mechanism in lapping process. however, no published articles are available regarding the removal mechanism and the abrasives embedding mechanism of the soft and brittle material in lapping progress .and there is its own characteristic if the hard abrasives machining the soft and brittle material in lapping progress, the objective of this paper is to build the physical model ,and divide the abrasive into four kinds of abrasives , they are two-body abrasive ,three-body abrasive ,embedded abrasive and small abrasive, and the authors analyze the effects on the material surface of the above abrasives. At last, design series of experiments, through analyzing the results and observe the surface morphology, the authors prove that the physical model is correct.
9
Wu, Hai Long, Yun Huang, Zhi Huang, and G. J. Cheng. "Experimental Research on the Abrasive Belt Grinding Turbine Blades Material 1Cr13 Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.452.
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Blades are the key parts of the turbine, which usually use materials such as 1Cr13 stainless steel. These materials are of high strength, great toughness, and good thermo hardening, but the process is difficult. Abrasive belt grinding has good grinding performance. Grinding tests of three kinds of abrasive belts were carried out on 1Cr13 stainless steel; the relationship between the material removal rate and the species, such as abrasive belt type, belt speed, the normal grinding force, and grinding fluid, was studied; after the belt grinding, the microscopic morphology of the surface was analyzed by SEM, and it revealed that the differences of the micro structure and basic wear law of different abrasives. The results show that in the process of abrasive belt grinding, the ceramic abrasive belt has the highest material removal rate. The material removal rate of alumina and zirconium corundum abrasive belt reached the maximum when Vs is about 25m/s or so, and ceramic abrasive belt is stable to maintain high material removal rate when Vs is at the speed range of 28 to 32m/s. The material removal rate can be improved several times when using grinding fluid of butter.
10
Badisch, Ewald, Markus Varga, and Stefan J. Eder. "A Brief Review of Abrasive Wear Modelling Using a Numerical-Experimental Approach." Key Engineering Materials 799 (April 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.799.83.
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Abrasive wear limits the lifetime of key components and wear parts used in various applications. Damage is caused by indentation of harder particles into the wearing materials and subsequent relative motion resulting in ploughing, cutting, and fracture phenomena. The wear mechanisms depend mainly on the applied materials, loading conditions, and abrasives present in the tribosystem, hence material choice is often a difficult task and requires careful evaluation. For this, a variety of laboratory abrasion tests are available of which the scratch test is discussed in this work as the most fundamental abrasive interaction. For further insight into the acting wear mechanisms and microstructural effects, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were carried out as well as meso-/macroscopic scratch simulations with the mesh-free Material Point Method. The prediction of abrasive wear is of high relevance for industrial applications. Up to now, no general one-to-one match between field application and lab system is known. Here, a simulation-based transfer of experimentally determined wear rates via a lab-2-field approach enables the prediction of wear rates in real applications.
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Kim, Aran, Shigenobu Kainuma, and Muye Yang. "Surface Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Treated by Abrasive Blasting." Metals 11, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11122065.
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The effects of blasting with metallic steel grit and non-metallic alumina grit on steel surface characteristics were evaluated. These abrasives are generally used at construction sites and in vacuum blasting. Milled steel specimens were used to investigate the effect of the blasting conditions on surface properties. The effect of difference in surface properties on the adhesion strength and corrosion behavior were measured through adhesion tests, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The limitations of blasting were evaluated using corroded steel specimens, as were the effects of corrosion products, salts, and abrasive material remaining on the blasted steel surface on the adhesion and corrosion resistance of paint. Steel grit more effectively increased the surface roughness than alumina grit; however, with both abrasive materials, the roughness increased with the blast projection angle. However, in the case of alumina grit, some abrasive material remained on the surface; thus, the actual roughness not including the residual abrasive material was more complex and greater than that of the sample blasted with steel grit. According to the adhesion strength test of painted and unpainted specimens, the adhesion force improved with increasing surface roughness and residual abrasive materials. Further, surface roughness was linearly correlated with the adhesion strength of unpainted specimens for both abrasive materials with blasting, and the adhesion strength force with alumina grit was approximately 1.4 times higher than that with steel grit, suggesting that increased roughness and residual abrasive material could benefit adhesion. According to the electrochemical test results, lower roughness and increased residual abrasive material owing to alumina grit on the steel surface enhanced the surface corrosion resistance, confirming the benefit of residual materials. Grinding left behind corrosion products and salts under the steel, resulting in the recurrence of rusting. However, the residue from blasting with alumina suppressed corrosion, thus improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the paint.
12
Lu, Jia Bin, Qiu Sheng Yan, Hong Tian, and Wei Qiang Gao. "Effect of Abrasive on the Machining Performance the EMR-Effect-Based Tiny-Grinding Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.24.
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Based on the electro-magneto-rheological (EMR) effect, the Fe3O4-based EMR fluid dispersed with micron-sized finishing abrasives is used as a polishing fluid to form a dynamical tiny-grinding wheel under an electro-magnetically coupled field. Using this EMR-effect-based tiny-grinding wheel, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the grain size, content and material of abrasive on material removal effect of normal glass. Results indicate that the abrasive can change the chain-like structure of the EMR-effect-based tiny-grinding wheel and influence the material removal ability of the tiny-grinding wheel remarkably. The material removal amount increases with the increase of the content of diamond abrasive in the EMR fluid, and grows slowly when the proportion of diamond abrasive exceeds to 6%. While the grain size of abrasive increases, the material removal amount increases at the beginning and decreases afterwards. The effect of abrasive on material removal depends on the hardness of abrasive, the greater the abrasive hardness, the higher the material removal efficiency. The machined area has a close relationship with both the density and grain size of abrasive.
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Yin, Cheng, Lida Heng, Jeong Kim, Min Kim, and Sang Mun. "Development of a New Ecological Magnetic Abrasive Tool for Finishing Bio-Wire Material." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050714.
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This study proposes a new wire magnetic abrasive finishing (WMAF) process for finishing 316L SUS wire using ecological magnetic abrasive tools. 316L SUS wire is a biomaterial that is generally used in medical applications (e.g., coronary stent, orthodontics, and implantation). In medical applications of this material, a smooth surface is commonly required. Therefore, a new WMAF process using ecological magnetic abrasive tools was developed to improve the surface quality and physical properties of this biomaterial. In this study, the WMAF process of 316L SUS wire is separated into two finishing processes: (i) WMAF with ecological magnetic abrasive tools, and (ii) WMAF with industrial magnetic abrasive tools. The ecological magnetic abrasive tools consist of cuttlefish bone abrasives, olive oil, electrolytic iron powder, and diamond abrasive paste. The finishing characteristics of the two types of abrasive tools were also explored for different input parameters (i.e., vibrating magnetic field and rotating magnetic field). The results show that ecological magnetic abrasive tools can improve the initial surface roughness of 316L SUS wire from 0.23 µm to 0.06 µm. It can be concluded that ecological magnetic abrasive tools can replace industrial magnetic abrasive tools.
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Xiao, G. J., Y. Huang, R. K. Cheng, and Y. Lu. "Experimental Research on the Mathematical Model of Abrasion Ratio Based on the Abrasive Belt Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.480.
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Abrasion ratio is an important parameter to estimate the wear resistance of abrasive belt grinding, reacting the relationship between the material removal and the abrasive belt wear, and also, its value is an important basis to instruct the process of abrasive belt grinding. The mathematical model of material removal is obtained by analyzing the basic mechanism theory of centerless cylindrical grinding in this paper, and the impact curve which react the relationship between the abrasion ration and the material removal or cutting depth is obtained by using the software of Mathematica. The abrasion ratio is testified in this paper by the experiment test of abrasive belt grinding for the titanium alloy, 45# steel and 304# stainless steel, systematic analyzing the affection of abrasion ratio on the hardness ratio and the belt speed. Experimental result shows that: belt speed is superior than hardness ratio to the abrasion ratio, and the mathematical model of material removal is testified by this experimental research. So the mathematical model of material removal could be used with theoretical basis in belt grinding process.
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Zhou, Zhao Zhong, Kai Ping Feng, Bing Hai Lv, Hong Wei Fan, and Ju Long Yuan. "Research on Wear Mechanism of Self-Sharpening Fine Super-Hard Abrasive Tool." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.312.
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To achieve the components of the highest quality in terms of shape, dimension, surface integrity and high efficiency in the course of processing difficult-to-cut material, the concept of self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool as machining tool is put forward, this method not only improves the dressing performance of the abrasive tool, but also ensures the accuracy and durability of the abrasive tool, self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool lapping technology is developed by using Zn as abrasive fillers and using FeCl3 solution as lapping liquid, the wear form of the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool and the influence of abrasive wear on the material removal form is studied, research shows that the wear of the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool is mainly in breakage wear, which has a good self-sharpening performance, and the material removal form is mainly in two-body material removal mode., which means this method has good holding force of abrasives.
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Muhandes, Hasan, Ádám Kalácska, László Székely, Róbert Keresztes, and Gábor Kalácska. "Abrasive Sensitivity of Engineering Polymers and a Bio-Composite under Different Abrasive Conditions." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225239.
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Two different test systems were designed to evaluate the tribological behavior of five engineering plastics (Polyamide—PA grades and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene—UHMW-PE) and a fully degradable bio-composite (Polylactic Acid—PLA/hemp fibers) targeted to agricultural machinery abrasive conditions. Pin-on-plate tests were performed with different loads, sliding velocity and abrasive particles. The material response was further investigated in a slurry containing abrasive test system with different sliding velocities and distances, abrasive media compositions and impact angles. The abrasive wear, the change of the 3D surface roughness parameters, the friction force and contact temperature evolution were also analyzed as a function of the materials’ mechanical properties (H,E,σy,σc,εB,σF,σM) and the dimensionless numbers derived from them. Using the IBM SPSS 25 software, multiple linear regression models were used to statistically evaluate the measured data and to examine the sensitivity of the material properties and test system characteristics on the tribological behavior. For both test setups, the system and material characteristics influencing the dependent variables (wear, friction, heat generation) and the dimensionless numbers formed from the material properties were ranked using standardized regression coefficients derived from the regression models. The abrasion sensitivity of the tested materials were evaluated taking into account a wide range of influencing parameters.
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Yu, Juan, Qiu Sheng Yan, Jia Bin Lu, and Wei Qiang Gao. "Research on Material Removal of a New Micro Machining Technology Based on the Magnetorheological Effect of Abrasive Slurry." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.914.
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Based on the magnetorheological (MR) effect of abrasive slurry, the particle-dispersed MR fluid is used as a special instantaneous bond to cohere abrasive particles and magnetic particles so as to form a dynamic, flexible tiny-grinding wheel to polish optical glass, ceramic and other brittle materials of millimeter or sub-millimeter scale with a high efficiency. Experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of different process parameters, such as grain sizes of abrasive particles, machining time, machining gap between the workpiece and the rotation tool, and rotation speed of the tool, on material removal rate of glass surface. The results indicate the following conclusions: material removal rate increases when the grain size of abrasives is similar to that of magnetic particles; machining time is directly proportional to material removal, but inversely proportional to material removal rate; machining gap is inversely proportional to material removal; polishing speed has both positive and negative influence on material removal rate, and greater material removal rate can be obtained at a certain rotation speed. In addition, the difference of the machining characteristics between this new method and the traditional fixed-abrasive machining method is analyzed.
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Li, Ya Guo, Yong Bo Wu, Li Bo Zhou, Hui Ru Guo, Jian Guo Cao, Masakazu Fujimoto, and Masaaki Kemmochi. "Investigation into Chemo-Mechanical Fixed Abrasive Polishing of Fused Silica with the Assistance of Ultrasonic Vibration." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.155.
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Ultrasonic vibration assisted processing is well known for the improvement in machined surface quality and processing efficiency due to the reduced forces and tribology-generated heating when grinding hard-brittle materials. We transplanted this philosophy to chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing of optical glass, namely fused silica, in an attempt to improve surface roughness and/or material removal rate. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the fundamental characteristics of chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing of fused silica in the presence and absence of ultrasonic vibration on a setup with an in-house built gadget. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration assisted chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing can yield increased material removal rate while maintaining the surface roughness of manufactured optics compared to conventional fixed abrasive polishing without ultrasonic vibration. The mechanism of material removal in fixed abrasive polishing was also delved. We found that the glass material is removed through the synergic effects of chemical and mechanical actions between abrasives and glass and the resultant grinding swarf contains ample Si element as well as Ce element, standing in stark contrast to the polisher that contains abundant Ce element and minor Si element.
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Wang, Cheng Yong, M. D. Chen, P. X. Yang, and Jing Ming Fan. "Hole Machining of Glass by Micro Abrasive Suspension Jets." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.381.
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Abrasive Suspension Jets (ASJ) is a new micro processing technique developed for micro processing of hard and brittle materials based on the traditional Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ). Based on drilling experiments of glass using MASJ technology, the dependence of material removal, the depth and the diameter of the machined holes on the process parameters, such as working pressure, processing time, standoff distance, incidence angle and concentration of abrasives were investigated. Experimental results show that the material removal is approximately proportional to working pressure, processing time and concentration of abrasives, except the standoff distance. It is founded that the processing time is the most remarkable influence factor on the material removal and the depth of the holes. But the working pressure doesn’t show obvious effects to the material removal and the depth of hole with lower pressure in MASJ. The increase of standoff distance will decrease the material removal and depth of hole, and the concentration of abrasives can improve a few of drilling ability. Further, it is founded that longer processing time and smaller standoff distance will achieve higher MASJ drilling efficiency and better quality of hole, with 90 degree jet incidence angle.
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Kang, Gui Wen, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Research on Material Removal Mechanism of Magnetorheological Finishing." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.133.
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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a novel precision optical machining technology. MRF utilizes magnetic particles, nonmagnetic polishing abrasives in carrier fluid, and a magnetic field to finish optical materials. Owing to its flexible finishing process, MRF eliminates subsurface damage, corrects surface figure errors and the finishing process can be easily controlled by computer. To achieve deterministic finishing, it’s necessary to know the mechanism of material removal. Different magnetorheological fluids are used to finish optical glass on the same machining condition. The material removal and surface quality are examined after finishing with no polishing abrasive, aluminium oxide and cerium oxide. The results show that the hardness of polishing abrasive is not the main factors to affect material removal.
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Shih, Cheng Yi, Pei Lum Tso, and James C. Sung. "Analysis of Fixed Abrasive Pads with a Nano-Sized Diamond for Silicon Wafer Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.410.
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Current polishing pads cannot polish a workpiece without using slurry with free abrasive. The new slurry is required to be continually poured into the working area, so more than half of the slurry may be lost from the table without contacting the wafer surface; this leads to economic and environmental problems. In the current work, the fixed abrasive pad was used, where nano-sized diamond abrasives were embedded in the polishing pad; distilled water, rather than slurry, was used. The effect of various fixed abrasive pad designs on polishing characteristics during silicon wafer polishing was investigated. Moreover, the primary function of fixed abrasive was to remove the rough parts of silicon wafer as they were being polished. Consequently, it needed to disperse the nano-sized abrasives into the pad material with high hardness value; this way, working abrasives are not pressed into the pad material. Furthermore, with the use of a pad conditioner, the interior working abrasives were exposed to the pad surface. As a result, the best outcome of using the fixed abrasive pad with a nano-sized diamond was a surface roughness of Ra 0.47 nm.
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Han, Quan Li, and Wen Ming Zhang. "Surface Roughness and Morphology of Titanium Plate Ground with Fixed and Loose Brown Alumina Abrasives." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.1019.
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Titanium is a metal material which has many excellent properties; it has been widely used in many fields. In this paper, plane abrasive machining is carried out for Titanium plate. The surface roughness and morphology of Ti-plate is compared after fixed and loose abrasive machining. The experiment proved that the drop magnitude of Ra in loose abrasives machining is great larger than that in fixed abrasive when grit size is nearly equal, and the improvement of surface defect such as some directional marks, deep scratch and bits in loose abrasives machining is rapider and quicker than that in fixed abrasives during same machining time. The results of experiments indicts that loose abrasive machining is better than fixed abrasive in reducing surface roughness and improving surface morphology, since the higher density of active abrasives and machining force uniformity.
23
Ramu, N., K. Umanath, and Gandhi Mallela. "Influence of Particle Fracture on the Slurry Abrasion Behavior of Weld Deposited Martensitic Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.687.
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The life of the components used under slurry abrasion conditions is governed by the process variables, properties of the abrasive materials in the slurry and the material properties. Slurry wear, abrasion occurs in Extruders, pumps and pipe transport slurry of minerals and ores in mineral processing industries. In the present research, the effect of operating variables such as abrasive particle size and shape, slurry concentration and normal load on the abrasive slurry wear behavior of the weld deposit martensitic steel surface produced by the Manual Metal Arc Welding Hard facing process was conceded out. The testing was conceded out using the slurry abrasion test rig. The silica sand particles were used as the abrasive medium. The qualitative nature of wear pattern and morphology of the worn out surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). These features were correlated with operating parameters.
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Varga, Markus, Anifa Mohamed Faruck Azhaarudeen, and Ewald Badisch. "Influence of In Situ Formed Tribolayer on Abrasive Wear Reduction." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.85.
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High temperatures (HT) are essential for many production methods. When operating with abrasives from natural sources, e.g. ores, abrasive wear is limiting the lifetime of core components. Material degradation and wear is accelerated in HT environments; wear protective solutions are necessary to minimize maintenance efforts. Especially, cost efficient solutions are needed in the industry, thereto in this research different Fe-based materials with prospective good HT wear properties were chosen: i) austenitic stainless steel, ii) martensitic hot work tool steel, iii) carbide-rich ferrite MMC (metal matrix composite) and iv) complex alloyed hardfacing MMC. The materials were investigated by conducting high stress abrasion tests at temperatures up to 700°C. Wear rates were calculated and wear reducing effects by formation of mechanically mixed layers (MML) were studied. Two different technical approaches were carried out: SEM investigation of the surface coverage by abrasive embedding and optical microscopy analysis on cross-sections to determine the penetration depth of the abrasives. All materials except the hardfacing showed significant MML formation. Results showed increased coverage and penetration depth with ascending temperature. A wear reducing effect predominantly at HT is suspected, as MML forming materials showed shallower wear increase with temperature compared to the hardfacing.
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Yang, Shie Chen, Tsuo Fei Mao, Feng Che Tsai, and Hsi Chuan Huang. "Studies of Micro-Hole Burr Improvement for Aluminum Alloy Materials Using Vibrated Abrasive Grinding Machining." Key Engineering Materials 642 (April 2015): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.642.202.
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This study investigated the removal improvement of micro burrs of aluminum alloy materials using vibrated abrasive grinding machining. The image processing technology is used to examine and quantify the micro-hole burr profiles. The experimental results show that the micro burr was uniformly removed as the workpiece is fixture with vertical direction. In addition, the burr removal improvements are effectively influenced by the flowing velocity and the vibration energy of abrasive particles. The flowing velocities are dependent on the size and gravity of the abrasives and the vibration energy is determined by the material properties and the hardness of the abrasives.
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Yan, Qiu Sheng, Jie Wen Yan, Jia Bin Lu, and Wei Qiang Gao. "Ultra Smooth Planarization Polishing Technique Based on the Cluster Magnetorheological Effect." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.18.
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A new planarization polishing method based on the cluster magnetorheological (MR) effect is presented to polish optical glass in this paper. Some process experiments were conducted to reveal the influence of the content of carbonyl iron and the abrasive materials in the MR fluid on the machining effect, and the machining characteristic of polished surface was studied. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the polished workpiece can be reduced rapidly when the strong magnetic field is applied, and ultra smooth surface with Ra 1.4 nm can be achieved while the CeO2 abrasives are used in the MR fluid. The content of carbonyl iron obviously influences the machining effect of this planarization polishing method based on cluster MR-effect. With the increase of the content of carbonyl iron in the MR fluid, the material removal rate improves and the surface roughness reduces rapidly. However, the difference of abrasive material results in various machining effects. As for the K9 optical glass, the CeO2 abrasive is better polishing abrasive than the SiC abrasive in the planarization polishing technique based on the cluster MR-effect.
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Kalácska, Ádám, László Székely, Róbert Zsolt Keresztes, András Gábora, Tamás Mankovits, and Patrick De Baets. "Abrasive Sensitivity of Martensitic and a Multi-Phase Steels under Different Abrasive Conditions." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061343.
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The wear behaviour of two martensitic and one multiphase steel targeted for abrasion and erosion applications in agriculture and mining industry were investigated in three abrasive test systems with different complexity. Scratch tests were performed with different indenter radii, shapes, and loads. The material behaviour was also investigated in multi-asperity contact systems. Pin-on-disc tests were performed with various loads and abrasive particles, as well as abrasive slurry-pot tests with different sliding velocities, distances, and impact angles of the abrasive media were performed. Comparing the test systems, the tested materials ranked similarly based on their wear performance, however, in each configuration, the dominant variable of the wear mechanism differed. The significance and contributions of test paramecenterters, the material’s mechanical properties (H, σM, σY, E, εεM, εεB, W, σc, Ec) and the dimensionless numbers formed from them were investigated on the wear behaviour and the surface deformation. Correlation between parameters was established by multiple linear regression models. The sensitivity of the tested materials to abrasion was evaluated taking into account the wide range of influencing parameters.
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Rathod, Avishkar, Sanjay G. Sapate, and Rajesh K. Khatirkar. "Scaling Laws of Wear by Slurry Abrasion of Mild Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.126.
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Wear by slurry abrasion is very expansive problem that must be taken into consideration while selecting the material for the transportation of slurry through pipeline. Abrasive wear generally occurs when abrasive slurries come in contact with the industrial engineering components or slurry transporting pipes. The abrasive particles carried by slurries eventually remove the material from the encountering surfaces which results in the early failure of the component in service. In present investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of load, slurry concentration, sliding distance on the abrasive wear behaviour of mild steel. The slurry abrasion experiments were carried out using slurry abrasion test apparatus with silica sand slurry. The findings of the present investigation indicate that slurry abrasion volume increased with slurry concentration, load and sliding distance, although the magnitude of increase was different in each case. The SEM observation of worn out surfaces revealed micro ploughing and micro cutting as wear mechanisms.
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Chen, Ping, Jing Wan, and Hua Chen. "Micro-Scale Abrasive Wear of Soft Materials." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1330.
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Ball-crating micro-scale abrasion technique has been used to determine the specific wear rates of coating and substrate by only one set of tests done with the coated surface. It can also be used to test wear performance of bulk materials. Some micro-scale abrasive wear problems about soft bulk materials were investigated with multifunctional micro-wear tester by self-development. And it was compared with Ni60B coating and TiN coating having higher hardness. The formation and evolution of ridges of the abrasion scar on soft material surfaces have been studied. The formation mechanism of ridges was discussed and the influencing factors on the ridge formation were analyzed. Recommendations were made for the optimum test conditions for micro-scale abrasive wear investigation of soft materials.
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Buj-Corral, Irene, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez, and Alejandro Domínguez-Fernández. "Effect of Grain Size and Density of Abrasive on Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate and Acoustic Emission Signal in Rough Honing Processes." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080860.
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Honing processes provide a special cross-hatch pattern to the internal surface of cylinders that favors oil flow. However, along honing operation the abrasive grains wear out and lose their ability to cut material. The honing chips mixed with oil fill the pores of the abrasives and they start cutting in an incorrect way, leading to clogging. In the present paper, honing experiments were carried out according to a 32 factorial design, with different grain size and density of abrasive grains. Roughness, material removal rate, and tool wear were determined. Acoustic emissions were also measured and the chirplet concept was applied in order to detect differences between correct and incorrect cutting operations. As a general trend roughness and material removal rate increase with grain size and with density of abrasive. However, when clogging occurs roughness and material removal rate decrease, because the abrasive grains tend to deform the material instead of cutting it. When the honing process is working appropriately, the chirplet diagram of the harmonic part of the signal shows constant marks. On the contrary, when it does not work properly, marks disappear with time and their frequencies decrease. The results of the present paper will allow monitoring the honing process in order to change the abrasives when they are not working properly.
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Du, Shi Wen, Yong Tang Li, Jian Jun Song, and Hui Ping Qi. "A Material Removal Modeling of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Based on Micro-Contact Mechanism." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.472.
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The model proposed integrates process parameters including pressure and velocity and other important input parameters including the wafer hardness, pad roughness, abrasive size, and abrasive geometry into the formulation to predict the material removal rate. Based on the deformation of hyper-elastic asperities attached to a linear-elastic pad, contact mechanism between the asperities and the wafer is analyzed. Micro-contact mechanism between the particle and wafer is proposed on the basis of elastic-plastic deformation theory. Material removal rate of single abrasive particle is calculated by the abrasive wear theory. The fluid effect in the current model is attributed to the number of active abrasives. Wafer scale material removal rate is analyzed in detail, which is agreed with the experimental results. The Preston’s coefficient, which has been determined empirically, is now given as a function of various processing variables, pad roughness, wafer material properties and slurry status.
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Su, Jian Xiu, Xi Qu Chen, Jia Xi Du, Xiu Ying Wan, and Xin Ning. "Study on Characteristic of Abrasives in Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Silicon Wafer." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.658.
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In order to understand the material removal mechanism in the process of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), the states of abrasives in the slurry and on the polishing pad in CMP process have been studied by testing. It was concluded that although the abrasive in the slurry is in the form of agglomeration, but the abrasive on the polishing pad are in approximately uniform layer distribution. The different CMP slurries had been designed for CMP test of MRR. According to analyzing the test results, it was concluded that the mechanical action produced by the abrasive is the main mechanical action in wafer CMP process and the MRR mainly results from the interaction between the mechanical action of the abrasives and the chemical action of slurry. These results will provide a reliable basis for the building of abrasive trajectory model and a theoretical guide to further understanding the material removal mechanism in wafer CMP.
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Kang, Ren Ke, Shang Gao, Zhu Ji Jin, and Dong Ming Guo. "Study on Grinding Performance of Soft Abrasive Wheel for Silicon Wafer." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.529.
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With the development of IC manufacturing technology, the machining precision and surface quality of silicon wafer are proposed much higher, but now the planarization techniques of silicon wafer using free abrasive and bonded abrasive have the disadvantage of poor profile accuracy, environmental pollution, deep damage layer, etc. A soft abrasive wheel combining chemical and medical effect was developed in this paper, it could get super smooth, low damage wafer surface by utilizing mechanical friction of abrasives and chemical reaction among abrasives, additives, silicon. A comparison experiment between #3000 soft abrasive wheel and #3000 diamond abrasive wheel was given to study on the grinding performance of soft abrasive wheel. The results showed that: wafer surface roughness ground by soft abrasive wheel was sub-nanometer and its sub-surface damage was only 0.01µm amorphous layer, which were much better than silicon wafer ground by diamond abrasive wheel, but material removal rate and grinding ratio of soft abrasive wheel were lower than diamond wheel. The wafer surface ground by soft abrasive wheel included Ce4+, Ce3+, Si4+, Ca2+ and Si, which indicated that the chemical reaction really occurred during grinding process.
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Wang, A. Cheng, Lung Tsai, and Yan Cherng Lin. "Study the Rheological Property of Gel Abrasives in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.86.
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Magnetic finishing with gel abrasive (MFGA) performs better than magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) in terms of polishing efficiency. However, silicone gels are semi-solid polymer gels with deforming properties that are temperature dependent materials, ultimately degrading the polishing efficiency in MFGA significantly. Therefore, this study evaluated the MFGA mechanism to elucidate the properties of silicone gels in order to attain both the finished effect in MFGA and effective gel abrasives to produce a highly efficient polished surface. Cylindrical rods were polished using silicone gels with different plasticity to determine the temperature of abrasive media in the working area. Next, circulating effects of abrasive media were identified to ensure the efficiency in MFGA. Additionally, finding the relation between the concentrations of abrasive media and circulating effect in the working area. Experimental results showed that silicone gels with low plasticity produced high temperature of abrasive media in MFGA, and high temperature of abrasive medium made excellent circulating effect in the working area, inducing high material removal and fine surface roughness.
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Yao, Chun Yan, Ming Huan Wang, and Wei Peng. "The Progress of Fixed Abrasive Wire Saws in the Last Decade." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.15.
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Diamond wire saw is the leading technology for use in slicing hard brittle material. This paper provides a brief review of its research progress in the most recent years. According to the bonding material kinds of diamond wire saw, it can be classified into three main categories, i.e. metallic bonding materials, organic bonding materials, and resin bonding materials. In the past decade, several new major technical developments in fixed abrasive diamond wire saw have emerged. This paper investigates the related literature on four different types of fixed abrasive diamond wire saws, presents their manufacturing processes and machining performance, and compares the tension and anti-abrasion of the wire saws, removal efficiency of slicing, and their applications in silicon slicing.
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Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Guo Qun Zhao, and Quan Lai Li. "Modeling Material Removal in Fracture Erosion for Brittle Materials by Abrasive Waterjet." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.357.
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The abrasive waterjet machining is a powerful tool in processing various materials, especially, for brittle materials, such as ceramic, glass and so on. However, the material removal of a brittle material when impacted by abrasive waterjet is not understood in detail. In this paper, the material removal model in fracture erosion of brittle materials by abrasive waterjet has been developed.
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Jiang, Yu Ying, Lie Hang Gong, Hai Tao Wang, Cong Cong Gong, and Xin Lin Xu. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Abrasives on Nozzle in Pre-Mixed Abrasive Water Jet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.425.
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This paper introduces the influence of the shape, grain size, density and hardness of abrasives particles on nozzle wear. Different parameters of abrasive hardness are investigated through theoretic and experimental analysis. The results show that the ratio of abrasive hardness to nozzle material hardness governs the wear rate Ca.
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Silva, F. J. G., R. B. Casais, R. P. Martinho, and A. P. M. Baptista. "Role of abrasive material on micro-abrasion wear tests." Wear 271, no. 9-10 (July 2011): 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.050.
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Chotěborský, R., P. Hrabě, M. Müller, J. Savková, and M. Jirka. "Abrasive wear of high chromium Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 4 (October 16, 2008): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2008-rae.
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Weld deposits are one of the most used economical ways of the wear resistance increase. The study compares the characteristics of the overlay material welded-on and the abrasive wear resistance. The research has been carried out using hardfacing alloys reinforced with primary chromium carbides and complex carbides. The overlay material was deposited on the low-carbon steel S235JR using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method. Four different commercial overlay materials were studied in terms of the microstructure effect. The abrasion wear testing was carried out using the abrasive cloth of grit 120 according to CSN 01 5084. The microstructure characterisation and surface analysis were made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results illustrate a significant effect of primary carbides on the abrasive wear resistance of weld deposits.
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Rasool, Ghulam, Yousuf El Shafei, and Margaret M. Stack. "Mapping Tribo-Corrosion Behaviour of TI-6AL-4V Eli in Laboratory Simulated Hip Joint Environments." Lubricants 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8070069.
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Wear and corrosion in artificial hip replacements are known to result in metal ion release and wear debris induced osteolysis. This may lead to pain and sensitivity for patients. This infers that pre-clinical testing is critical in determining the long-term performance, safety, and reliability of the implant materials. For this purpose, micro-abrasion-corrosion tests were carried out on a biocompatible material, Ti-6Al-4V ELI, using a T-66, Plint micro-abrasion test rig in conjunction with Gill Ac corrosion testing apparatus for the range of applied loads and electrical potentials in the hip joint simulated environment. A Ringer’s solution, with and without an abrasive particle (silicon carbide), was used to enable the interactions between abrasion and corrosion. In this paper, the effects of applied load and electrochemical potential on the tribo-corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V in a bio-simulated environment are presented. The wastage, micro-abrasion-corrosion mechanisms, and synergy behaviour were identified and mapped. A significant difference in corrosion current densities was observed in the presence of abrasive particles, suggesting the removal of the protective oxide layer. The results also indicate that Ti-6Al-4V had significant abrasive wear loss when coupled with a ceramic counterpart. According to the mechanism, micro-abrasion plays a predominant role in the abrasion-corrosion behaviour of this material and the material losses by mechanical processes are substantially larger than losses, due to electrochemical processes.
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Lu, Jia Bin, Juan Yu, Qiu Sheng Yan, Wei Qiang Gao, and Liang Chi Zhang. "A Novel Superfine Machining Technology Based on the Magnetorheological Effect of Abrasive Slurry." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.145.
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Based on the magnetorheological (MR) effect of abrasive slurry, this paper presents an innovative superfine machining method. In this technique, the particle-dispersed MR fluid is used as a special instantaneous bond to cohere abrasive particles and magnetic particles so as to form a dynamical tiny-grinding wheel. This tiny-grinding wheel can be used to polish the surface of brittle materials in millimeter or sub-millimeter scale. The characteristics of the machined glass surfaces examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Talysurf roughness tester confirmed the effectiveness of the finishing technique. The machined surface with convex center and concave fringe demonstrates that the material removal process is dominated by the synergy of the applied pressure and the relative velocity between the abrasives and workpiece. In the case of glass finishing, the mode of material removal is found to be plastic, and controlled by the abrasive-wear mechanism.
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Pinto, Gustavo, Andresa Baptista, Francisco Silva, Jacobo Porteiro, José Míguez, and Ricardo Alexandre. "Study on the Influence of the Ball Material on Abrasive Particles’ Dynamics in Ball-Cratering Thin Coatings Wear Tests." Materials 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030668.
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Micro-abrasion remains a test configuration hugely used, mainly for thin coatings. Several studies have been carried out investigating the parameters around this configuration. Recently, a new study was launched studying the behavior of different ball materials in abrasive particles’ dynamics in the contact area. This study intends to extend that study, investigating new ball materials never used so far in this test configuration. Thus, commercial balls of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 52100 steel, Stainless Steel (SS) (AISI) 304 steel and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used under different test conditions and abrasive particles, using always the same coating for reference. Craters generated on the coated samples’ surface and tracks on the balls’ surface were carefully observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 3D microscopy in order to understand the abrasive particles’ dynamics. As a softer material, more abrasive particles were entrapped on the PTFE ball’s surface, generating grooving wear on the samples. SS AISI 304 balls, being softer than the abrasive particles (diamond), also allowed particle entrapment, originating from grooving wear. AISI 52100 steel balls presented particle dynamics that are already known. Thus, this study extends the knowledge already existing, allowing to better select the ball material to be used in ball-cratering tests.
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Ma, L., Ming Lv, Guo Xing Liang, and Shi Ying Wang. "The Analysis for Materials Removal Mechanism of Ultrasonic Auxiliary Gear Honing." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.179.
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This paper analyses the material removal and surface forming mechanism of ultrasonic auxiliary gear honing. According to the Huygens principle of diffraction, a theory is proposed firstly that the ultrasonic waves transmit through the being honed gear in toroidal form, and the mathematical equation of the abrasive trace is built that expresses the relative movement between CBN abrasive and the gear surface. The equation is accordant with the experimental result. The paper concludes that the material removal of the gear surface depends on two factors, one is that CBN abrasives scratch the gear surface, and the other is that the gear surface vibrating itself along its normal direction impacts the abrasives.
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Smielak, Beata, and Leszek Klimek. "The Influence of Material Type and Hardness on the Number of Embedded Abrasive Particles during Airborne-Particle Abrasion." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082794.
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(1) Background: This paper aims to determine the influence of hardness on the number of abrasive material grains (SiC) embedded on the surface metal alloys and ZrO2 during abrasion. (2) Methods: Cylindrical samples were created: 315 made of Cr/Co, Ni/Cr or Ti, and 315 made of sintered ZrO2- 3TPZ-Y. These were divided into four groups (each n = 35 samples), and were treated with SiC grain sizes 50, 110, and 250 µm at pressures 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 MPa. The samples were then observed in SEM to study SE and BSE. The surface coverage of abrasive material particles was determined by quantitative metallography. Five samples from each group were subjected to hardness measurements. The results were compared with three-factor variance analysis with using the post hoc Tukey test. (3) Results: The highest amount (40.06) of embedded abrasive was obtained for Ti alloy with a gradation of 250µm at a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The smallest amount of embedded grain (2.66) was obtained for ZrO2 for the same treatment parameters. (4) Conclusions: The amount of embedded abrasive particles depends on the type of treated material, gradation particles, and the amount of applied pressure. Harder treated materials are more resistant to grains of abrasive becoming embedded on surface.
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Rampal, Rohit, Tarun Goyal, Deepam Goyal, Manoj Mittal, Rajeev Kumar Dang, and Shashi Bahl. "Magneto-rheological abrasive finishing (MAF) of soft material using abrasives." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 5114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.629.
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Lv, Bing Hai, Ju Long Yuan, Ying Xue Yao, and Zhi Wei Wang. "Study on Fixed Abrasive Lapping Technology for Ceramic Balls." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.460.
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To improve low lapping efficiency of silicon nitride balls in conventional lapping process, fixed abrasive lapping technology for ceramic balls is investigated in this paper. Diamond abrasives and photosensitive resin are used to fabricate the fixed abrasive plate. The lapped ball surface is observed with microscopy to identify the dominant wear mechanism. The results show that the material removal rate of the fixed abrasive lapping is about 20 times of that of conventional free abrasive lapping process, and the roughness is close to the conventional one. The experimental results indicate that the fixed abrasive lapping technology is a promising process to instead of conventional free abrasive lapping process for ceramic balls in rough and semi-finishing process.
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Suherna, Suherna, Patunru P, and Maspah Maspah. "ANALISIS KETAHANAN ABRASI MATERIAL OUTSOLE POLYURETHANE (PU) & NITRILE BUTADINE RUBBER (NBR) PADA SAFETY SHOES CHEETAH DI PT. X." SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.13.1.26-31.
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Improved quality, strength and life time in terms of abrasion resistance on safety shoes outsole Cheetah material where the process use of some material has decreased in quality, besides due to usage factors, maintenance factors, and some of these materials also experience problems during use. This study is done to determine the abrasion resistance of each Outsole Polyurethane (PU) material and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR). Abrasion resistance test on the material method used the DIN Abrasion tester. Retrieval of data on outsole material was carried out on the outsole material with new conditions and that has been used in the field for a period of 1 year with a method of measuring abrasion resistance index and density of material. Calculation of average abrasion resistance for new Polyurethane (PU) type was 37 , 11 mm3 / year, while the average abrasion resistance for Polyurethane (PU) type that has been used for 1 year was 33.19 mm3 / year so that the difference is 3.92 mm3 / year or about 11% quality decrease of abrasion resistance. The average abrasion resistance with the new Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) type was 108.26 mm3 / year, the average abrasion resistance for Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) type with conditions already used in 1 year period was 107.44 mm3 / year so that the difference is 0.82 mm3 / year or about 1% decrease in quality decrease of abrasion resistance. Abrasion tolerance limits that have been set according to the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) against abrasion resistance if SG ≥ 0.9 then the Abrasive Max is 150 and if SG ≤ 0.9 Then the Abrasive Max is 250.
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Patil, Mahadev Gouda, Kamlesh Chandra, and P. S. Misra. "Study of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Using Mechanically Alloyed Magnetic Abrasives." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.517.
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The finishing characteristics of mechanically alloyed magnetic abrasives used in cylindrical magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) are presented in this study. Mechanical alloying is a solid state powder processing technique, where the powder particles are subjected to impact by the balls in a high energy ball mill or attritor at room temperature. After the process, fine magnetic abrasives are obtained in which the abrasive particles are attached to the base metal matrix without any bonding material. The magnetic particle used in the magnetic abrasive production is iron powder and the abrasive is aluminium oxide. Magnetic abrasives play the role of cutting tools in MAF, which is emerging as an important non-conventional machining process. The experiments performed on stainless steel tubes examine the effects of varying the quantity of magnetic abrasives, magnetic flux density, speed of rotation of the workpiece and amount of lubricant. The surface roughness measurements demonstrate the effects of the abrasive behaviour on the surface modification. The surface roughness was analysed in terms of percentage improvement in surface finish (PISF). The obtained maximum PISF was 40 % and the minimum surface roughness was 0.63 μm Ra.
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Vidigal, R. N. E., Claudinei Rezende Calado, and I. P. Pinheiro. "Evaluation of Agents Abrasives Polishing Porcelain Employing Image Processing." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.564.
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The waste generated in the process of polishing of ceramic materials represents a challenge for the ceramic industries, because it is necessary conciliate environmental protection to expenses with disposal and proper packaging. The study of the reuse of this material in the production cycle becomes a necessary alternative to solve the industrial problem. The replacement of the abrasive agent is a viable option in order to avoid the presence of silicon carbide and the residue therefore enabling the direct incorporation of the residue in the porcelain production. If the atomized paste contains silicon carbide when the material is burned occurred the formation of porosity and cracks in the piece. This work aims to study new alternatives of abrasive agents and evaluate the efficiency of polishing generated by new tools. To evaluate the performance of the abrasive tests were conducted simulating the polishing step. The study is based on the computational processing of the image generated by optical micrographs. From this, it will be possible find the best abrasives for polishing ceramic material.
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Kotus, M., Z. Andrássyová, P. Čičo, J. Fries, and P. Hrabě. "Analysis of wear resistent weld materials in laboratory conditions ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S74—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-rae.
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The aim of the study was the evaluation of the suitability of using filler surfacing materials in abrasion resistant layers according to their material and tribology features. Laboratory analysis of the selected materials consisted of the tests of hardness, microstructure and wear resistance determination. The abrasive wear resistance was defined according to the standard STN 01 5084. On the basis of the results obtained, we can state that using the hard-facing for the background is tenable for the purpose of wear amount decrement where the abrasive wear prevails.