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Journal articles on the topic 'Abrasive waterjet machining'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Hashish, Mohamed. "Observations on Cutting With 600-MPa Waterjets." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400739.

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Waterjet technology development for 600-MPa (87-Ksi) operations involves efforts on machining process development, pumps, plumbing, nozzles, and machining systems development. In this paper, data will be presented on cutting with water and abrasive waterjet at these elevated pressures. The effects of waterjet (WJ) and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) parameters on cutting rates of several materials are analyzed. It is observed that the power required for cutting is reduced as the pressure increases. Sheet metal and composites can be cut effectively with waterjets. The quality of the cut surfaces, however, improves by increasing pressure, adding abrasives, and operating at optimal standoff distances.

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2

Hashish, Mohamed. "Pressure Effects in Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226458.

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Abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are formed by mixing high-pressure (up to 400 MPa) waterjets (0.1 to 1 mm in diameter) with abrasive particles in mixing tubes with typical 1/d ratios of 50 to 100. The pressure of the waterjet influences the overall performance of the abrasive-waterjet cutting system through operational and phenomenological effects. Higher pressures result in lower hydraulic efficiency, more frequent maintenance, high wear rates of mixing tubes, and fragmentation of particles before they exit the nozzle. However, with high pressures, deeper cuts can be obtained and higher traverse speeds can be used. Consequently, the hydraulic power is best utilized at an optimum pressure, which is a function of all other parameters as well as the application criteria. This paper presents data and analyses on the effect of pressure on nozzle operational characteristics, i.e., jet spreading characteristics, abrasive particle fragmentation, suction capability, wear of mixing tubes, and mixing efficiency. The effect of pressure on the parameters of cutting performance is discussed with example data. These parameters are depth of cut, specific area generation, maximum cutting traverse rate, surface waviness, and cost of cutting. Optimal pressure examples presented in this study indicate that pressures over 240 MPa are required for efficient abrasive-waterjet performance in metal cutting.

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3

BABA, Yasuo. "Abrasive-Waterjet Machining of Composites." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 75, no. 8 (2009): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.75.945.

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4

Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Yan Xia Feng, and Rong Guo Hou. "Theoretical Analysis on the Machining Mechanism in Ultrasonic Vibration Abrasive Waterjet." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.127.

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As a unique machining way, Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJ) is one of the fastest developing new non-traditional machining methods and has a wide range of machinable materials. In this paper, the machining mechanism in AWJ is theoretically analyzed by impact dynamic mechanics method. There is stagnancy layer between waterjet and workpiece surface. It is found that the stagnancy layer and low energy abrasive particle are the main factors, which weaken machining capability and effective utilizing ratio of energy of AWJ machining. Ultrasonic Vibration Abrasive Waterjet Machining, a new machining method, is put forward and the influence of ultrasonic vibration on machining mechanism of AWJ machining is discussed.

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5

Hashish, M. "Observations of Wear of Abrasive-Waterjet Nozzle Materials." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928861.

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This paper addresses the wear characteristics of the mixing tube of an abrasive-waterjet nozzle. An effective nozzle material should possess high values of both hardness and toughness. The mixing tube, which is where the abrasives are mixed, accelerated, and focused with the high-pressure waterjet, is the component in the abrasive-water jet nozzle that receives the greatest wear. Accelerated wear tests were conducted on relatively soft (steel) mixing tubes using a typical soft abrasive (garnet sand) and on harder (tungsten carbide) tubes using a harder abrasive material (aluminum oxide). A wide range of candidate tool materials, including several carbides and ceramics, was also tested using actual machining parameters. The tungsten carbide grades exhibited greater longevity than the harder ceramics, such as boron carbide, when garnet abrasives were used. The reverse trend was observed with aluminum oxide abrasives. Wear trends suggest that the wear mechanisms along the mixing tube change from erosion by particle impact at the upstream sections to abrasion at the downstream sections. Linear cutting tests were also conducted on several candidate nozzle materials to gain more information related to wear performance. It was found, for example, that the binder in tungsten carbide, which controls these properties, is a critical factor that also controls the lifetime of tungsten carbide mixing tubes.

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6

Hashish, M. "Optimization Factors in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899619.

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This paper discusses the factors that need to be considered when selecting the operational parameters for abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining. Machining applications such as cutting, milling, and turning are considered along with sample data. The effects of different AWJ parameters on both the functional performance of the AWJ system components and the material removal process are discussed. Factors for optimizing these parameters include hardware limitations, high-pressure-related phenomena, and the performance interaction among the different nozzle components. Due to the large number of parameters and factors involved in AWJ machining processes, significant improvements in performance may be obtained by optimizing these parameters.

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7

Hashish, M. "Material Properties in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803536.

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The abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining process is a controlled erosive wear process where the abrasive cutting agents are focused in a narrow beam. The beam-material interaction process constitutes more than one mode, the most dominant of which are the cutting wear mode and the deformation wear mode. The cutting wear mode occurs at the top of the kerf due to shallow angles of impact and results in a steady-state interface. The material hardness (H) or Vicker’s hardness number is the most relevant material property to this mode of interaction. The deformation wear mode occurs below the cutting wear mode due to large angles of impact and results in an unsteady penetration process. The modulus of elasticity (E) was found to correlate well with the deformation wear material removal. A prediction model was used to express the depth of cut (h) as a function of material properties: h=A/H+B/(E+C) where A, B, and C are process constants.

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8

Liu, (Peter), and Neil Gershenfeld. "Performance Comparison of Subtractive and Additive Machine Tools for Meso-Micro Machining." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4010019.

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Several series of experiments were conducted to compare the performance of selected sets of subtractive and additive machine tools for meso-micro machining. Under the MicroCutting Project, meso-micro machining of a reference part was conducted to compare the performance of several machine tools. A prototype flexure of the microspline of an asteroid gripper under development at NASA/JPL was selected as the reference part for the project. Several academic, research institutes, and industrial firms were among the collaborators participating in the project. Both subtractive and additive machine tools were used, including abrasive waterjets, CNC milling, lasers, 3D printing, and laser powder bed fusion. Materials included aluminum, stainless steel, and nonmetal resins. Each collaborator produced the reference part in its facility using materials most suitable for their tools. The finished parts were inspected qualitatively and quantitatively at OMAX Corporation. The performance of the participating machine tools was then compared based on the results of the inspection. Test results show that the two top performers for this test part are the CNC precision milling and micro abrasive waterjet. For machining a single flexure, the CNC precision milling had a slight edge over the micro abrasive waterjet machining in terms of part accuracy and edge quality. The advantages disappear or the trend even reverses when stack machining with taper compensation is adopted for the micro abrasive waterjet.

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9

Hamatani, G., and M. Ramulu. "Machinability of High Temperature Composites by Abrasive Waterjet." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903346.

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An experimental investigation was conducted on the machinability of particulate reinforced ceramic TiB2/SiC and metal SiC/Al matrix composites by an abrasive water jet. Both piercing and slot cutting experiments were conducted to determine the influence abrasive waterjet machining has on the material. Machining performance was reported by both cut quality as measured by taper and machined surface characteristics. Based on these preliminary experiments, abrasive waterjet machining seems to be a satisfactory machining method for both metal and ceramic matrix composites.

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10

Wang, Qing Hua, Dong Hua Deng, and Bo Huang. "Experimental Study on 3-Phase Abrasive Waterjet Deburring." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.335.

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Burrs are unnecessary by-products produced by cutting metal in a machining process. It greatly affects product quality and assembly efficiency, and also affects product cost. Therefore, burrs must be removed and the surface quality must be maintained. Contrary to abrasive waterjet, 3-phase abrasive waterjet has same machining effect on a workpiece without an additional equipment to meet its circulatory requirement. An experiment was performed to analyze the effect of the 3-phase abrasive waterjet parameters on burr removal and surface quality.

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11

Pi, V. N., and A. M. Hoogstrate. "Cost calculation for recycled abrasives and for abrasive selecting in abrasive waterjet machining." International Journal of Precision Technology 1, no. 1 (2007): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2007.015343.

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12

Pi, Vu Ngoc, Hoang Van Chau, and Tran Quoc Hung. "A Study on Recycling of Supreme Garnet in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.499.

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This paper presents a new study on the recycling of Supreme garnet (or IMC garnet) in abrasive waterjet machining. In this study, the reusability of the garnet was investigated. Also, the optimal particle size for the recycling of the garnet was pointed out. In addition, the cutting performance and the cutting quality of the recycled abrasive were investigated by comparing with that of new abrasives. From the results, the way how to recycle effectively the garnet was proposed.

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13

Huang, Chuan Zhen, Jun Wang, Yan Xia Feng, and Hong Tao Zhu. "Recent Development of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Technology." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.396.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is a new non-conventional machining technology. Compared with other conventional and non-conventional machining technologies, AWJ offers the following advantages: no thermal distortion, small machining force, high machining versatility, etc. Therefore this technology is regarded as a high potential technology in the field of machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, a comprehensive review of research situation about the cutting performance, the cutting mechanism and the measures to improve the cutting quality is given. The application of abrasive waterjet machining in turning, milling and drilling is reviewed finally.

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14

Pi, Vu Ngoc, and Nguyen Quoc Tuan. "Necessary Cutting Energy in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.351.

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This paper introduces a new study on the modeling of AWJ necessary cutting energy. In the study, a model for prediction of the necessary cutting energy is proposed by combining physical-mathematical models and experimental methods. The effects of various jet parameters as well as the effects of the abrasive size, abrasive material and the effect of work material on the necessary cutting energy are taken into account.

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15

Wang, Yong, Hong Tao Zhu, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, and Peng Yao. "A Study on Ultrasonic Torsional Vibration-Assisted Abrasive Waterjet Polishing of Ceramic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.400.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is considered as a promising technique in hard-brittle material polishing. In this paper, The ultrasonic torsional vibration is considered to apply on the workpiece to improve the abrasive waterjet polishing quality and efficiency. The process parameters in the ultrasonic torsional vibration-assisted abrasive waterjet polishing are optimized. The ultrasonic torsional vibration in the role of the abrasive waterjet polishing is investigated. The results show that the application of ultrasonic torsional vibration can effect of abrasive particle movement and increase the critical depth of the ceramic materials.

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16

Hashish, Mohamed. "A Model for Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226448.

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Ultrahigh-pressure abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are being developed as net shape and near-net-shape machining tools for hard-to-machine materials. These tools offer significant advantages over existing techniques, including technical, economical, environmental, and safety concerns. Predicting the cutting results, however, is a difficult task and a major effort in this development process. This paper presents a model for predicting the depth of cut of abrasive-waterjets in different metals. This new model is based on an improved model of erosion by solid particle impact, which is also presented. The erosion model accounts for the physical and geometrical characteristics of the eroding particle and results in a velocity exponent of 2.5, which is in agreement with erosion data in the literature. The erosion model is used with a kinematic jet-solid penetration model to yield expressions for depths of cut according to different modes of erosion along the cutting kerf. This kinematic model was developed previously through visualization of the cutting process. The depth of cut consists of two parts: one due to a cutting wear mode at shallow angles of impact, and the other due to a deformation wear mode at large angles of impact. The predictions of the AWJ cutting model are checked against a large database of cutting results for a wide range of parameters and metal types. Materials are characterized by two properties: the dynamic flow stress, and the threshold particle velocity. The dynamic flow stress used in the erosion model was found to correlate with a typical modulus of elasticity for metals. The threshold particle velocity was determined by best fitting the model to the experimental results. Model predictions agree well with experimental results, with correlation coefficients of over 0.9 for many of the metals considered in this study.

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17

Badgujar, P. P., and M. G. Rathi. "Abrasive Waterjet Machining-A State of Art." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11365964.

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18

Jianming, Wang, Gao Na, and Gong Wenjun. "Abrasive waterjet machining simulation by SPH method." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 50, no. 1-4 (January 29, 2010): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2521-x.

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19

Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Guo Qun Zhao, and Quan Lai Li. "Modeling Material Removal in Fracture Erosion for Brittle Materials by Abrasive Waterjet." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.357.

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The abrasive waterjet machining is a powerful tool in processing various materials, especially, for brittle materials, such as ceramic, glass and so on. However, the material removal of a brittle material when impacted by abrasive waterjet is not understood in detail. In this paper, the material removal model in fracture erosion of brittle materials by abrasive waterjet has been developed.

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20

Unde, Prasad D., M. D. Gayakwad, N. G. Patil, R. S. Pawade, D. G. Thakur, and P. K. Brahmankar. "Experimental Investigations into Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic." Journal of Composites 2015 (September 29, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/971596.

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Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is an emerging machining process in which the material removal takes place due to abrasion. A stream of abrasive particles mixed with filtered water is subjected to the work surface with high velocity. The present study is focused on the experimental research and evaluation of the abrasive waterjet machining process in order to evaluate the technological factors affecting the machining quality of CFRP laminate using response surface methodology. The standoff distance, feed rate, and jet pressure were found to affect kerf taper, delamination, material removal rate, and surface roughness. The material related parameter, orientation of fiber, has been also found to affect the machining performance. The kerf taper was found to be 0.029 for 45° fiber orientation whereas it was 0.036 and 0.038 for 60° and 90°, respectively. The material removal rate is 18.95 mm3/sec for 45° fiber orientation compared to 18.26 mm3/sec for 60° and 17.4 mm3/sec for 90° fiber orientation. The Ra value for 45° fiber orientation is 4.911 µm and for 60° and 90° fiber orientation it is 4.927 µm and 4.974 µm, respectively. Delamination factor is found to be more for 45° fiber orientation, that is, 2.238, but for 60° and 90° it is 2.029 and 2.196, respectively.

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21

Tosun, Nihat, Ihsan Dagtekin, Latif Ozler, and Ahmet Deniz. "Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Aluminum Alloys: Workpiece Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.3.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is one of the non-traditional methods of the recent years which found itself a wide area of application in the industry for machining of different materials. In this paper, the surface roughness of 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys are being cut with abrasive waterjet is examined experimentally. The experiments were conducted with different waterjet pressures and traverse speeds. It has been found that the surface roughness obtained by cutting material with high mechanical properties is better than that of obtained by cutting material with inferior mechanical properties.

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22

Llanto, Jennifer Milaor, Majid Tolouei-Rad, Ana Vafadar, and Muhammad Aamir. "Recent Progress Trend on Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Metallic Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083344.

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Abrasive water jet machining has been extensively used for cutting various materials. In particular, it has been applied for difficult-to-cut materials, mostly metals, which are used in various manufacturing processes in the fabrication industry. Due to its vast applications, in-depth comprehension of the systems behind its cutting process is required to determine its effective usage. This paper presents a review of the progress in the recent trends regarding abrasive waterjet cutting application to extend the understanding of the significance of cutting process parameters. This review aims to append a substantial understanding of the recent improvement of abrasive waterjet machine process applications, and its future research and development regarding precise cutting operations in metal fabrication sectors. To date, abrasive waterjet fundamental mechanisms, process parameter improvements and optimization reports have all been highlighted. This review can be a relevant reference for future researchers in investigating the precise machining of metallic materials or characteristic developments in the identification of the significant process parameters for achieving better results in abrasive waterjet cutting operations.

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23

Kong, M. C., and D. A. Axinte. "Capability of Advanced Abrasive Waterjet Machining and its Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1674.

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Abrasive waterjet machining has been recently considered as a promising, emerging non-conventional technology with an extensive growth in its market share and research activities. In this paper, a Europe’s first 5-axis AWJ system established at the University of Nottingham will be introduced followed by some of the research works explored on the capability of AWJ machining (e.g. AWJ cutting, AWJ drilling, AWJ milling, AWJ turning) on exotic materials such as Ti-based alloys at different niche applications. Thanks to advances in the complementary AWJ technology (e.g. ultra-high pressurized pump) and advanced machine designs (e.g. multi-axis machine movement), it was found that the machining capability of abrasive waterjet (even plain waterjet) can be extended if innovative strategies are applied.

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24

ZHANG, Chengguang. "Study on Removal Model of Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 7 (2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.07.188.

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25

Luo, Wu Sheng, Cheng Yong Wang, Jun Wang, and Y. X. Song. "The Development of Micro Abrasive Waterjet Machining Technology." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.733.

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Erosion caused by solid particle impact is a very common phenomenon. In many fields such as particle (or slurry) transportation, equipment protection in a dust environment, turbine engineering, etc., prevention of particle erosion is the task. In other applications, it is used as a tool for desirable material removal, surface cleaning, controlled destruction, numerous studies on this subject have been conducted by researchers from many disciplines including physics, material science, mechanics, manufacturing, standardization, etc.. To provide a comprehensive view of the problem of erosion by solid particle impact, a review is conducted based on the literature collected on material subject of erosion by solid particle impact. The reviewed works are limited to ductile material erosion and four categories: erosion mechanism, parametric studies, material removal modeling and simulation modeling.

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26

Maros, Zs. "Machining of different materials with abrasive waterjet cutting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (November 30, 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012009.

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27

Kun-Bodnár, K., J. Kundrák, and Zs Maros. "Machining of rotationally symmetric parts with abrasive waterjet." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (November 30, 2018): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012053.

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28

EITobgy, M., E.-G. Ng, and M. A. Elbestawi. "Modelling of Abrasive Waterjet Machining: A New Approach." CIRP Annals 54, no. 1 (2005): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60104-8.

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29

Schüler, M., M. Dadgar, T. Herrig, A. Klink, and T. Bergs. "Experimental investigation of abrasive properties in waterjet machining." Procedia CIRP 101 (2021): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.03.128.

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30

Kong, Lingrong, Yu Wang, Xin Lei, Chao Feng, and Zhiqiao Wang. "Integral modeling of abrasive waterjet micro-machining process." Wear 482-483 (October 2021): 203987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203987.

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31

Ramulu, M. "Dynamic photoelastic investigation on the mechanics of waterjet and abrasive waterjet machining." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 19, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(93)90035-j.

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32

Llanto, Jennifer Milaor, Ana Vafadar, Muhammad Aamir, and Majid Tolouei-Rad. "Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters in Abrasive Waterjet Contour Cutting of AISI 304L." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091362.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is applied in various industries for contour cutting of heat-sensitive and difficult-to-cut materials like austenitic stainless steel 304L, with the goal of ensuring high surface integrity and efficiency. In alignment with this manufacturing aspiration, experimental analysis and optimization were carried out on abrasive waterjet machining of austenitic stainless steel 304L with the objectives of minimizing surface roughness and maximizing material removal rate. In this machining process, process parameters are critical factors influencing contour cutting performance. Accordingly, Taguchi’s S/N ratio method has been used in this study for the optimization of process parameters. Further in this work, the impacts of input parameters are investigated, including waterjet pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, traverse speed and material thickness on material removal rate and surface roughness. The study reveals that an increasing level of waterjet pressure and abrasive mass flow rate achieved better surface integrity and higher material removal values. The average S/N ratio results indicate an optimum value of waterjet pressure at 300 MPa and abrasive mass flow rate of 500 g/min achieved minimum surface roughness and maximum material removal rate. It was also found that an optimized value of a traverse speed at 90 mm/min generates the lowest surface roughness and 150 mm/min produces the highest rate of material removed. Moreover, analysis of variance in the study showed that material thickness was the most influencing parameter on surface roughness and material removal rate, with a percentage contribution ranging 90.72–97.74% and 65.55–78.17%, respectively.

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33

Supriya, S. B., and S. Srinivas. "Machining Capabilities of Abrasive Waterjet on Stainless Steel 304." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.313.

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Stainless Steels are possessing fabrication flexibility, high hardness, durability, low maintenance, high strength and resistance to heat and corrosion. This alloy steel is extensively used in various engineering applications. Some of the conventional machining techniques results in loss of original properties of stainless steel work material and makes it to behave like ordinary material within the machined surface. Machining of Stainless steels is more challenging due to its high alloying content. Problems such as application of huge coolant supply and poor chip breaking while machining, work hardening in work material, use of cutting tools with varying tool signature, results in enhanced production cost and time. Further, it is important to ensure that there is no machine tool-cutting tool vibration leading to edge chipping of cutting tool. To avoid all these problems, Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is used. This paper presents the machining capabilities of AWJ on Stainless Steel304. Influence of dynamic input parameters such as jet pressure, speed of traverse and abrasive flow rate on the depth of cut is investigated. An empirical model is proposed for depth of cut and an error analysis is done with measured and modeled values of depth of cut. It was found that traverse speed influences more than other parameters. SEM images indicated smooth surface at entrance and waviness at exit side. The model proposed predicts the depth of cut more or less accurately.

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34

Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Quan Lai Li, and Cui Lian Che. "Experiment Study on Abrasive Waterjet Machining Mechanisms of Brittle Materials." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.62.

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The erosion process of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) on target material is very complicated and a complete clear understanding about material removal mechanisms in AWJ machining has not been obtained. In this paper, an experiment study on AWJ machining mechanisms of brittle materials is introduced so as to understand the actions of water jet and abrasive particle in material removal process and some experiment evidences of the change of material removal mechanisms have been obtained.

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35

Wan, Yi, Zhan Qiang Liu, Hong Tao Zhu, and Xing Ai. "Research on Cutting Cast Super Alloy K24 with Milling and Abrasive Water Jet Methods." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.157.

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A difficult-to-machining material, cast supper alloy K24 has been cut with two different methods, milling and abrasive waterjet (AWJ). It is shown that milling is characterized by high tool cost, low efficiency, and good surface roughness while abrasive waterjet brings high efficiency and worse surface quality. The results have proven that the combination use of AWJ and milling is an efficient way in cutting K24.

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36

Hashish, M. "The Effect of Beam Angle in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901638.

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In the machining of materials, abrasive-waterjets are typically applied at a 90 deg. angle to the surface of the workpiece. This paper presents results and observations on machining with abrasive-waterjets at angles other than 90 deg. Previous visualization studies of the cutting process in transparent materials have shown that there are optimal angles for maximum depth of cut and kerf depth uniformity. Here, observations on the effect of angle in machining applications such as turning, milling, linear cutting, and drilling are addressed. The effects of variations in both the impact angle and the rake angle are investigated. Results indicate that the volume removal rate is significantly affected by these angles and that the surface finish can be improved by angling the jet. However, shallow angle drilling of small holes in laminated or ceramic-coated materials requires further investigation.

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Lebar, A., and M. Junkar. "Simulation of abrasive waterjet machining based on unit event features." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322011425.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is a non-conventional process. Its most striking advantage is the absence of a heat-affected zone. AWJ machining can be successfully used on a very broad spectrum of materials, regardless of their brittleness, ductility or composition. However, this machining process has the disadvantage of striations being left on the surface of the machined workpiece. Since forecasting of the results of this process is still on the empirical level, great efforts are being put into the modelling of the AWJ process. In this paper, an original model of the AWJ machining process is presented. It is based on an AWJ process unit event, which in this case represents the impact of a particular abrasive grain. The geometrical characteristics of the unit event are measured on a physical model of the AWJ process. The measured dependencies and the proposed model relations are then implemented in AWJ machining process simulation.

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Spadło, Sławomir, and Daniel Krajcarz. "Basic abrasive waterjet cutting process parameters." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.472.

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The article presents the basic parameters characterizing the abrasive water jet cutting, such as: water pressure (pw), cutting speed (vf), abrasive mass flow rate (ma) and the distance between forming nozzle and the cut material (l). Each of the mentioned parameters of the cutting process has been described in a separate subsection. The authors of the article focused primarily on the aspects related to the possibility of achieving maximum efficiency of the machining process while maintaining the assumed quality of cutting for individual cutting parameters. A detailed analysis of the topic was enabled the authors own research and an available literature on this subject. A closer understanding of the phenomena accompanying the abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJ) process and obtaining characteristics that would describe the influence of the tested output parameters in the function of input parameters will enable optimization of AWJ cutting process.

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Pi, Vu Ngoc, A. M. Hoogstrate, P. Gonfiotti, and B. Karpuschewski. "A study on abrasive recycling and recharging in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 6, no. 3/4 (2009): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2009.027325.

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Hashish, Mohamed. "An Investigation of Milling With Abrasive-Waterjets." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188745.

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The feasibility of using abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) for milling has been investigated in this research. The results of preliminary milling experiments indicate that abrasive-waterjets have great potential in this application with advantages unmatched by existing techniques. Linear cutting experiments were conducted on sample materials (aluminum, titanium, and Inconel) to generate a data matrix. The cutting results show a similar trend for these materials. The data were also correlated against a previously developed cutting model. Although a strong correlation is seen between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results, the prediction accuracy must be improved to allow for precision machining. Single-pass milling tests were also conducted to observe the geometry of the slots produced by the AWJ and the characteristics of the cut surface, and multipass milling tests were conducted on such materials as aluminum, glass, titanium, and graphite composites. Surface topography was found to be a function of both cutting and abrasive parameters, and surface finish was found to be strongly affected by abrasive particle size. A comparison with other machining techniques is presented in this paper. Abrasive-waterjet milling is among the most efficient methods of energy utilization for material removal.

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Ramulu, M., S. Kunaporn, D. Arola, M. Hashish, and J. Hopkins. "Waterjet Machining and Peening of Metals." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 1 (August 31, 1999): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556155.

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An experimental study was conducted to determine the influence of high-pressure waterjet (WJ) peening and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining on the surface integrity and texture of metals. A combination of microstructure analysis, microhardness measurements, and profilometry were used in determining the depth of plastic deformation and surface texture that result from the material removal process. The measurement and evaluation of residual stress was conducted with X-ray diffraction. The residual stress fields resulting from treatment were analyzed to further distinguish the influence of material properties on the surface integrity. It was found that waterjet peening induces plastic deformation at the surface layer of metals as good as shot peening. The degree of plastic deformation and the state of material surface were found to be strongly dependent on the peening conditions applied. [S0094-9930(00)00801-5]

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Liu, (Peter). "“7M”Advantage of Abrasive Waterjet for Machining Advanced Materials." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp1010011.

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Hlaváč, Libor M., Massimiliano P. G. Annoni, Irena M. Hlaváčová, Francesco Arleo, Francesco Viganò, and Adam Štefek. "Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Forces—Potential Indicators of Machining Quality." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123309.

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The necessity of monitoring the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) processes increases with the spreading of this tool into the machining processes. The forces produced on the workpiece during the abrasive waterjet machining can yield some valuable information. Therefore, a special waterjet-force measuring device designed and produced in the past has been used for the presented research. It was tested during the AWJ cutting processes, because they are the most common and the best described up-to-date AWJ applications. Deep studies of both the cutting process and the respective force signals led to the decision that the most appropriate indication factor is the tangential-to-normal force ratio (TNR). Three theorems concerning the TNR were formulated and investigated. The first theorem states that the TNR strongly depends on the actual-to-limit traverse speed ratio. The second theorem claims that the TNR relates to the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio inside the kerf. The third theorem states that the TNR value changes when the cutting head and the respective jet axis are tilted so that a part of the jet velocity vector projects into the traverse speed direction. It is assumed that the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio increases in a certain range of tilting angles of the cutting head. This theorem is supported by measured data and can be utilized in practice for the development of a new method for the monitoring of the abrasive waterjet cutting operations. Comparing the tilted and the non-tilted jet, we detected the increase of the TNR average value from 1.28 ± 0.16 (determined for the declination angle 20° and the respective tilting angle 10°) up to 2.02 ± 0.25 (for the declination angle 30° and the respective tilting angle of 15°). This finding supports the previously predicted and published assumptions that the tilting of the cutting head enables an increase of the cutting wear mode inside the forming kerf, making the process more efficient.

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Schüler, M., M. Dadgar, T. Herrig, and T. Bergs. "Influence of Abrasive Properties on Erosion in Waterjet Machining." Procedia CIRP 102 (2021): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.064.

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Lv, Zhe, Chuan Zhen Huang, Hong Tao Zhu, Jun Wang, Peng Yao, and Zeng Wen Liu. "An SPH Simulation on Vibration Assisted Abrasive Erosion of Hard Brittle Material in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.199.

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Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJ) is one of the fastest growing non-conventional machining methods. However, low pressure and fine abrasive implemented in AWJ precision machining for reducing the surface damage reduce the efficiency. Therefore ultrasonic vibration is considered to apply on the workpiece to improve the machining efficiency. In order to analyze the effect of the vibration on erosion in AWJ machining, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to simulate the erosion process for avoiding the mesh distortion in finite element method (FEM) when simulating large deformation and high strain rate problems. The results show that the application of ultrasonic vibration can effectively improve the erosion rate due to the dynamics variation of the erosion process.

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Irina, M. M. W., Azwan Iskandar Azmi, and Chang Chuan Lee. "Machinability Study of Hybrid FRP Composite Using Abrasive Waterjet Trimming Technology." Key Engineering Materials 740 (June 2017): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.118.

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Machining of fiber reinforcement polymer (FRP) composite without any defect is extremely challenging when using conventional processes. This mainly due to its inherent anisotropic, heterogeneous, thermal sensitivity, and highly abrasive of nature of fiber reinforcement. Therefore, a kind of non-conventional machining process namely abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) was endeavoured as it has been reported to be able to machine or cut almost any material included composites. In fact, previous research only provides partially desired parameters on machining these materials and mainly focuses on plain FRP composite. Therefore, this research attempted to evaluate the significant AWJM process parameters comprehensively on the main machinability output on the hybrid FRP composite. 2k factorial design and statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to determine the performance of trimming process regarding surface roughness and delamination (entrance and exit). Experimental results revealed that the surface roughness was affected by the stand-off distance, abrasive flow rate, traverse rate rather than hydraulic pressure. Similar findings as to that of surface roughness were also observed for the top and bottom delamination damage.

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Kalla, D. K., B. Zhang, R. Asmatulu, and P. S. Dhanasekaran. "Current Research Trends in Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Fiber Reinforced Composites." Materials Science Forum 713 (February 2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.713.37.

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The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the aircraft and automotive industries exponentially. Reinforced fibers which are abrasive in nature make it hard to machine by the traditional machining. Dissipation of heat into workpiece which in turn results in enhanced cutting tool wear and damage to the workpiece is the common problems faced in traditional machining of FRPs. Nontraditional machining is favorable to reduce these issues. Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is one of the best choices for machining FRPs. Development in AWJM of FRPs and the current research in this field will be discussed in details. Machining process of FRPs, quality dependents such as surface finish and variable cutting parameters will be addressed. One of main issues in AWJM noise due to high flow rate of water jet will be addressed. The importance of human safety aspects when AWJM is employed will be highlighted. Limitations and challenges in AWJM are presented elaborately.

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Ling, Tsz Yan, and David Y. H. Pui. "Characterization of Nanoparticles from Abrasive Waterjet Machining and Electrical Discharge Machining Processes." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 22 (November 4, 2013): 12721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402593y.

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Kovacevic, R., M. Hashish, R. Mohan, M. Ramulu, T. J. Kim, and E. S. Geskin. "State of the Art of Research and Development in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 4B (November 1, 1997): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836824.

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Thermodynamic analysis of material removal mechanisms indicates that an ideal tool for shaping of materials is a high energy beam, having infinitely small cross-section, precisely controlled depth, and direction of penetration, and does not cause any detrimental effects on the generated surface. The production of the beam should be relatively inexpensive and environmentally sound while the material removal rate should be reasonably high for the process to be viable. A narrow stream of high energy water mixed with abrasive particles comes close to meeting these requirements because abrasive waterjet machining has become one of the leading manufacturing technologies in a relatively short period of time. This paper gives an overview of the basic research and development activities in the area of abrasive waterjet machining in the 1990s in the United States.

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Sambruno, Alejandro, Fermin Bañon, Jorge Salguero, Bartolome Simonet, and Moises Batista. "Kerf Taper Defect Minimization Based on Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Low Thickness Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Composites C/TPU." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244192.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) are materials of great interest in industry. Like thermosets composite materials, they have an excellent weight/mechanical properties ratio and a high degree of automation in their manufacture and recyclability. However, these materials present difficulties in their machining due to their nature. Their anisotropy, together with their low glass transition temperature, can produce important defects in their machining. A process able to machine these materials correctly by producing very small thermal defects is abrasive waterjet machining. However, the dispersion of the waterjet produces a reduction in kinetic energy, which decreases its cutting capacity. This results in an inherent defect called a kerf taper. Also, machining these materials with reduced thicknesses can increase this defect due to the formation of a damage zone at the beginning of cut due to the abrasive particles. This paper studies the influence of cutting parameters on the kerf taper generated during waterjet machining of a thin-walled thermoplastic composite material (carbon/polyurethane, C/TPU). This influence was studied by means of an ANOVA statistical analysis, and a mathematical model was obtained by means of a response surface methodology (RSM). Kerf taper defect was evaluated using a new image processing methodology, where the initial and final damage zone was separated from the kerf taper defect. Finally, a combination of a hydraulic pressure of 3400 bar with a feed rate of 100 mm/min and an abrasive mass flow of 170 g/min produces the minimum kerf taper angle.

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