Relevant bibliographies by topics / ABS resins

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ABS resins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ABS resins"

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Cieslinski, R. C., M. T. Dineen, and J. L. Hahnfeld. "Postmortem and in situ TEM methods to study the mechanism of failure in controlled-morphology high-impact polystrene resin." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163356.

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Advanced Styrenic resins are being developed throughout the industry to bridge the properties gap between traditional HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) and ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene copolymers) resins. These new resins have an unprecedented balance of high gloss and high impact energies. Dow Chemical's contribution to this area is based on a unique combination of rubber morphologies including labyrinth, onion skin, and core-shell rubber particles. This new resin, referred as a controlled morphology resin (CMR), was investigated to determine the toughening mechanism of this unique rubber morphology. This poster will summarize the initial studies of these resins using the double-notch four-point bend test of Su and Yee, tensile stage electron microscopy, and Poisson Ratio analysis of the fracture mechanism.
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Giaconi, G. F., L. Castellani, C. Maestrini, and T. Riccò. "Development of toughness in ABS resins." Polymer 39, no. 25 (December 1998): 6315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10256-7.

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Fan, Licheng, Lijuan Wei, Yongfei Zhu, Yibo Wang, Jianmin Fei, and Yang Li. "Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Resin with Low VOC." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071663.

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Most acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin is plagued by an unpleasant odor attributed to the high residual volatile organic compound (VOC) content. This paper primarily aimed to solve the odor issue of ABS resin by effectively reducing the VOC content. To that end, a synthesis of ABS resins was optimized through a supercritical extraction process while evaluating multiple novel chain transfer agents (linear dimer of α-methyl-styrene, methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, and dodecyl mercaptan). ABS resin obtained through a α-methyl-styrene chain transfer agent demonstrated the lowest odor. Moreover, it had the least amount of VOC content which was three times lower than when dodecyl mercaptan was employed. To improve the supercritical extraction process, an orthogonal test was designed to optimize four main process parameters: extrusion temperature, residence time, vacuum degree and extractant dosage. The most optimal conditions were found to be 250 °C extrusion temperature, one minute residence time, vacuum degree of minus 99 KPa, and 1.5% CO2 extractant dosage.
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Mohd, A., C. Hindle, and W. A. Y. Yusoff. "Mould Filling and Pressure Distribution for Polymer Resins." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.771.

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The application of simulation software packages for mould design and injection moulding process is becoming importance to optimizing the moulding quality and satisfy market needs. This paper presents the simulation of mould filling and packing for various polymer resin types. The filling and packing pressure phases for different type of polymer resins as well as the flow behaviour of molten resin in the mould cavity were investigated. Three common polymer resins which are amorphous and crystalline thermoplastics were used. Cylinder component cups with variation of wall thicknesses were designed. Two-cavity prototype moulds for cylindrical shape component were constructed by using AutoCAD 2006 including assembly and part drawings. The 3D model was produced by using Autodesk Inventor Professional. The result successfully revealed that polyamide resin required shorter time for filling the cavity and less pressure compared to PS and ABS.
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Bair, H. E., D. J. Boyle, and B. Twombly. "Evaluation of four ABS resins by thermal analysis." Journal of Thermal Analysis 46, no. 3-4 (March 1996): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01983613.

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Liu, Baijun, Yinglin Wang, Yuan Gao, Rui Zhong, Fucai Zhang, Mingyao Zhang, and Huixuan Zhang. "Effect of the matrix plasticization behavior on mechanical properties of PVC/ABS blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0533.

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Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) grafted copolymer prepared by emulsion polymerization was used to modify different molecular weight poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) resins. The effects of the molecular weight of the PVC resins on dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) of PVC/ABS blends and matrix plasticizing behavior on the impact mechanical properties and the morphology were investigated. The tan δ peaks of PVC/ABS blends occurred at the same temperature obtained by DMA, indicating that miscibility of PVC/ABS blends was independent of the molecular weight of PVC. The notched Izod impact test results indicated that the amount of polybutadiene (PB) rubber needed for the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) increases together with the molecular weight of PVC when milled at 165°C. Increasing the operation temperature and adding the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) could change the matrix plasticizing extent and the BDT. At a milling temperature of 165°C, the BDT was reached only with 3.6 wt% PB when DOP was added, in contrast to the addition of 7.2 wt% PB in the absence of DOP. The morphology of different plasticized degree of PVC/ABS blends was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing that the PVC-1/ABS blends milled at 165°C showed a larger unstained area than the other series of PVC blends.
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Bernal, Celina R., Patricia M. Frontini, Miguel Sforza, and Miguel A. Bibbó. "Microstructure, deformation, and fracture behavior of commercial ABS resins." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58, no. 1 (October 3, 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580101.

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Sohn, Kwang Ho, Min Kwan Kim, So Min Lee, Byung Chul Ji, Kwang Soo Cho, Kyungmoon Jeon, and Han Do Ghim. "Flame retarding PC/ABS resins having superior thermomechanical properties." Fibers and Polymers 12, no. 4 (June 22, 2011): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-011-0451-3.

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Chen, Dan, Fupeng Zhu, Tingting Zhou, Mingyao Zhang, and Huixuan Zhang. "The performance and morphology of PMMA/SAN/ABS blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0209.

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Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) graft copolymers were synthesized via seeded emulsion polymerization techniques by grafting styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) on polybutadiene (PB) particles. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)/ABS blends were prepared by melt blending ABS graft copolymers with PMMA and SAN resins. The properties, morphology and grafted chains behaviors of PMMA/SAN/ABS blends were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of the ratio of PMMA/SAN, the toughness of PMMA/SAN/ABS blends slightly decreased, the transmittance first increased and then decreased, and tensile strength was not dependent on the ratio of PMMA/SAN. The evolution of impact strength of the blends was similar with the tendency of grafted degree (GD) with the increase of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and tert-dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM). From transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was found that ABS graft copolymers were uniformly dispersed in PMMA/SAN matrix.
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Novakova-Marcincinova, Ludmila, and Jozef Novak-Marcincin. "Testing of ABS Material Tensile Strength for Fused Deposition Modeling Rapid Prototyping Method." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.370.

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In paper are presented information about materials used for production of models by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology. In today's rapid prototyping technologies the initial state of building material can be in solid, liquid or powder state. The current range materials include plastic, nylon, wax, resins, metals and ceramics. In FDM are mainly used as basic materials ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene and polypropylene. Main part of the paper is focused on experimental testing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene materials realized by different research teams and presents outputs of testing of ABS material in FDM technology realized by authors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ABS resins"

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Spencer, Mark Grant. "Rotational Molding of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Polymers and Blends." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd311.pdf.

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Porcel, Fernanda da Silva. "Influência dos parâmetros de Processamento e da composição na morfologia de resinas ABS." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/796.

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The present work is about the influence of processing parameter and composition on the morphology of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)resins. The ABS grades chosen are commercial products with high rubber content, i. e., above 40 wt%. A styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was blended to ABS parental compositions by melt extrusion in order to dilute the overall rubber contents, practice also used at the industry. The pure ABS in powder were processed in three different ways: compression, extrusion and injection molding. In each process there were variation of molding condition, and its influence on morphology formation were studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Blends of SAN content 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 and even 50 wt% of SAN had their morphologies investigated. Besides that, the polymeric components of the blends were chemically, rheologically and thermo-mechanically characterized. The analysis showed how the grafting grade and the amount of free SAN on ABS can be critical on the rheological characteristics of these materials. The pure ABS morphology showed agglomerated rubber particles, big enough to become the system matrix phase. Changes on the processing parameters alter the morphology only on the disperse phase domains size and distribution. The SEM morphology analysis of injection molded samples showed enhanced rubbery phase particles agglomeration at the border regions of the specimen. Adding up to 30 wt% of SAN in ABS wasn t enough to promote phase inversion, yielding a SAN rich phase as the system matrix. This result suggests that the added SAN wasn t miscible into the ABS free SAN.
O trabalho desenvolvido versa sobre a influência de parâmetros de processamento e da composição na morfologia de terpolímeros acrilonitrilabutadieno- estireno (ABS). As resinas de ABS escolhidas para este estudo são produtos comerciais e têm elevado teor de borracha, ou seja, acima de 40% em massa. O copolímero estireno-acrilonitrila (SAN) foi escolhido para diluir o teor de elastômero das resinas ABS, através de misturas por extrusão, prática utilizada também na indústria. Os ABS puros na forma de pó foram processados em três diferentes maneiras: compressão, extrusão e moldagem por injeção. Em cada processo foram variados parâmetros de processo, e suas influências na formação da morfologia foram estudadas através de microscopias eletrônicas de transmissão (MET) e de varredura (MEV). Blendas ABS/SAN contendo 2,5; 5; 10; 20; 30% e até 50% em massa de SAN foram alvo de estudos morfológicos. Além disso, os componentes poliméricos das blendas foram caracterizados química, reológica e termo-mecanicamente. As análises mostraram como as diferenças de grau de enxertia e de porcentagem de SAN livre nos ABS podem ser determinantes nas características reológicas destes materiais. A morfologia dos ABS puros apresentou aglomerados de partículas de borracha, grandes o suficiente para se tornarem a fase matriz do sistema contrapondo-se a morfologia típica dos sistemas obtidos por emulsão. As mudanças nos parâmetros de processamento alteraram a morfologia somente no que diz respeito ao tamanho e distribuição dos domínios da fase dispersa. A análise da morfologia em MEV de amostras injetadas mostrou que a aglomeração das partículas da fase elastomérica foi mais acentuada nas regiões próximas a parede do corpo de prova. A adição de até 30% em massa de SAN nos ABS foi insuficiente para promover a inversão de fases, onde a matriz do sistema passa a ser a fase rica em SAN. Este resultado leva a crer que o SAN adicionado foi imiscível com o SAN presente nos ABS.
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Wang, Xuewei. "Alternative reactive solvent for ABB products." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68671.

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The epoxy resin mixture is used for wet filament winding load carrying and electrically insulating tubes for high voltage applications. The cured tubes are key parts of the final products which are subject to qualification. The safe function of the products generally depends on low moisture content. Visual inspection is also an important part of the quality inspection which requires some degree of transparency of the cured tubes. To prepare for future material modifications ABB wishes to evaluate the curing characteristics of some recently developed epoxy/hardener systems. The epoxy resin with the formulation E1/H1 is used as reference. Another type of base epoxy resin E2 and toughened epoxy resin E1 (E1T) are included in the study. Three alternative hardeners H2, H3, and H4 were evaluated. This project is to evaluate different alternative epoxy resin formulations that are promising to be used in the ABB products in the future. These alternative epoxy resin formulations and the reference epoxy resin with the formation E1/H1 were prepared to be compared and evaluated in terms of thermal properties, i.e., glass temperature (Tg), the heat of curing and color of cured epoxy resins. The epoxy resins with alternative formulations which shown relative high Tg values were selected to carry out other analysis, ie., mixing ration optimization, the influence of dissolved water on Tg values, degree of curing and water absorption behavior.
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Gonçalves, Mathias Westphal. "Estudo do comportamento das resinas de estereolitografia Huntsman 5260 e Somos 7110 na fabricação rápida de moldes para injeção de PP, ABS, PA 6.6 e PET." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102821.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
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Estereolitogrfia é um processo de fabricação rápida (FR) no qual a construção do objeto se da através da cura seletiva de uma resina fotossensível, camada após camada. Devido à boa precisão geométrica das peças fabricadas, este processo tem sido utilizado também para a fabricação de ferramentas como moldes para injeção de termoplásticos onde podem ser utilizados para a confecção de pequenas séries de peças. Porém, no que diz respeito à seleção e aos requisitos dos materiais utilizados para a fabricação rápida dos moldes, os critérios ainda não estão bem estabelecidos. No presente trabalho, estudou-se de forma sistematizada o comportamento das resinas utilizadas para a fabricação rápida por estereolitografia Ren Shape Huntsman 5260 e DSM Somos 7110 fomadas principalmente por grupos epóxi acrilato. O comportamento das resinas foi avaliado através de ensaios de tração em função do grau de cura e da temperatura, bem como o desempenho e o comportamento tribológico dos moldes fabricados com ambas as resinas perante a injeção de PP, ABS, PET e PA 6.6. A pós-cura térmica se mostrou como o método mais eficiente de pós-cura, aumentando a resistência sob tração dos corpos de prova, resultado de uma homogeneização na distribuição de tensões internas. Observou-se que termoplásticos com baixo módulo de elasticidade e tensão máxima são facilmente injetados em moldes fabricados por estereolitografia, sendo preferencialmente utilizadas para a fabricação rápida dos moldes SL, resinas com altos valores das propriedades citadas. Já termoplásticos com elevada tensão máxima e módulo de elasticidade apresentaram determinadas dificuldades durante os ciclos de injeção e nestes casos, sugere-se para a fabricação rápida dos moldes, o uso de resinas com elevada tensão máxima, porém com módulo de elasticidade intermediário que facilitem a extração da peça e aumente a capacidade de absorção de energia da resina SL. Polímeros como PET e PA 6.6 apresentaram uma forte força de adesão na superfície dos moldes SL, resultando em um grande aumento na força necessária para a extração das peças e (em alguns casos) na deterioração dos moldes, o que torna o estudo da compatibilidade química entre os materiais um fator importante na seleção de materiais para o uso deste tipo de tecnologia.
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Matoušová, Klára. "Dielektrické vlastnosti epoxidových pryskyřic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402126.

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This diploma thesis deals with the fundamental properties of epoxide mixtures, as determining of these fundamental properties of epoxide mixtures could in the case of favorable results lead to diminishing the amount of defects in epoxide-embedded instrument transformers. As the influence of effects in the manufacturing process of transformers causing poor quality is very extensit, the biggest emphasis is laid capitally on the influence of the epoxide casting mixture composition. The thesis describes the manufacture technology including used methodics and materials. The compositions of epoxide resins and the mechanisms of their curing. Also, the definitions of fundamental properties of dielectric materials and the description of diagnostic methods used to relative permitivity, dissipation factor and inner resistivity are included. suitable casts of acquired samples were set and dried out within the experimental part, followed by measurement of fundamental electrical properties in temperature and frequency relations. Hereafter a comparison of individual samples and the evaluation of their electrical properties will be carried out.
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Larsson, Turtola Simon, and Adam Rönnbäck. "Utredning av tillverkningsinducerade avvikelser i fiberförstärkt komposit genom blandningsexperiment : En fallstudie enligt DMAIC vid ABB Composites." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80031.

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Tillämpningen av fiberförstärkt polymerkomposit har senaste decenniet ökat kraftigt inom flertalet högteknologiska branscher. Trots framgången är förekomsten av tillverkningsinducerade avvikelser fortfarande en utmaning. Avvikelserna försämrar materialets mekaniska egenskaper och förkortar dess livslängd, vilket orsakar kassationer, miljöbelastningar och försvårad produktetablering för industriaktörer. ABB Composites i Piteå står inför en liknande situation. Företaget producerar cylindriska isolatorer i fiberförstärkt komposit till högspänningsindustrin, och behöver utreda förekomsten av en specifik avvikelse, som under senaste tre åren medfört omfattande kvalitetsbristkostnader. Produkten tillverkas genom vakuuminjicering där en hartsblandning impregnerar en glasfiberform, för att sedan övergå från flytande till fast form genom en exoterm reaktion. Hartsblandningens reaktionsförlopp har länge misstänkts påverka avvikelsernas förekomst, men har inte bekräftats, på grund av flera svårkontrollerade egenskaper. Examensarbetets syfte har därför varit att utreda om hartsblandningens egenskaper påverkar förekomsten av tillverkningsinducerade avvikelser vid tillverkning av cylindriska isolatorer. Arbetet har bedrivits som ett Sex Sigma-projekt enligt problemlösningsmetodiken DMAIC. Ett blandningsexperiment med sex komponenter genomfördes i laborationsmiljö där en datagenererad design med 36 delförsök tillämpades, varav sex stycken egenskaper hos hartsblandningen undersöktes. Experimentet påvisade att samtliga egenskaper var möjliga att styra genom att förändra proportionerna av ingredienserna. Däremot visade sig flera av egenskaperna vara korrelerade och kan därav inte justeras oberoende av varandra. Kunskapen användes till att utveckla och testa två nya varianter av hartsblandningen vid tillverkning av cylindriska isolatorer. Resultatet bekräftade att hartsblandningens egenskaper signifikant påverkar förekomsten av tillverkningsinducerade avvikelser. En viss kombination av egenskaperna som kännetecknade ett långsamt reaktionsförlopp minskade förekomsten av avvikelser på isolatorerna med 99.3 procent i jämförelse med den ordinarie hartsblandningen. Förbättringen förväntas medföra betydelsefulla besparingar, ökad konkurrenskraft och förhöjd kvalitetsmedvetenhet för ABB Composites. Examensarbetets kunskapsbidrag anses också betydelsefullt för kompositindustrin i strävan mot fortsatt reducering av tillverkningsinducerade avvikelser.
The application of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) have during the last decades increased in many high-tech industries. Despite the success, the existence of manufacturing-induced deviations has been a long-standing challenge. These deviations affect the lifetime and the mechanical properties of the composite, which in turn lead to scrap of products and environmental impact, obstructing market exploitation for industry stakeholders. ABB Composites in Piteå is facing a similar scenario. The company produces cylindrical insulators in fibre-reinforced composite for the high-voltage industry and need to investigate a specific deviation, which has caused extensive costs during the last three years. The product is manufactured through vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), where a resin blend impregnates a fibreglass preform, as the resin cures and transforms from liquid to solid form through an exothermic reaction. One suspected cause for the deviation has been the curing process of the resin. However, it is dependent on several difficult-to-control characteristics and is yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this thesis has therefore been to investigate whether the characteristics of the resin blend affects the occurrence of manufacturing-induced deviations while producing cylindrical insulators. The work has been conducted as an internal Six Sigma-project following the DMAIC improvement cycle. A mixture experiment with six components was performed, using a computer-generated design with 36 runs, in which six characteristics of the resin blend were examined. The experiment proved that all characteristics could be controlled by changing the proportions of the design factors. However, many of the characteristics were correlated, implying that the characteristics cannot be independently controlled. The knowledge from the experiment were used to develop two new resin blends, which were infused to cylindrical insulators in regular production environment. The result confirmed that the characteristics of the resin blend significantly affects the quality of the insulator. One of the blends, which represented a slower curing process, reduced the deviations by 99.3 percent in relation to the original blend. The improvement is expected to generate substantial savings, increased competitiveness and enhanced quality awareness for ABB Composites. Possible contributions to the industry are related to the development of a method to experimentally investigate the resin blend with the objective of reducing manufacturing-induced deviations.
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Freire, Aline Soares. "Avaliação da resina quelante chelex-100® na pré-concentração e da espectrometria de absorção atômica de alta resolução com fonte contínua e forno de grafite para a determinação de metais-traço em água produzida de alta salinidade." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1621.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências-Geoquímica. Niterói, RJ
A análise de amostras hipersalinas ainda é um problema analítico a ser resolvido, tendo em vista que a presença de sais dissolvidos é fonte freqüente de interferências em espectrometria atômica. Atualmente, tem ocorrido um grande aumento da demanda para caracterização de águas de alta salinidade, como as águas produzidas, pelo fato de estas serem um dos maiores descartes da indústria de petróleo. Devido a isto, metodologias analíticas para sua caracterização têm sido amplamente desenvolvidas para a determinação de metais-traço em amostras salinas e dentre as técnicas analíticas destaca-se a Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com Fonte Contínua, uma renovação da AAS convencional. Contudo, para a obtenção de resultados acurados, é imprescindível que se faça a remoção dos sais presentes nessas matrizes hipersalinas. Essa separação prévia pode ser realizada através do emprego de resinas qualantes, que pré-concentram o analito e permitem a remoção da matriz. Sendo assim, este trabalho visa à avaliação do uso da resina quelante comercial Chelex-100® na préconcentração de Co, Cu, Mn, Ni e Pb e posterior determinação destes por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com Fonte Contínua e Forno de Grafite (HR-CS GF AAS). A metodologia foi validada através do uso dos materiais de referência certificados para água do mar CASS-4, CASS-5 e NASS-5. Os limites de detecção obtidos, em μg L-1, foram de 0,006; 0,070; 0,024; 0,074; e 0,018 para Co, Cu, Mn, Ni e Pb, respectivamente. Amostras de água produzida oriundas de plataformas de petróleo offshore foram analisadas e os resultados mostraram que essas águas possuem baixas concentrações dos elementos determinados ou os mesmos não foram detectados. Os valores encontrados são muito inferiores aos limites preconizados pela legislação brasileira através da Resolução CONAMA 357/05
The analysis of hypersaline samples is still an analytical problem to be solved, once the presence of dissolved salts is a frequent source of interferences in atomic spectrometry. Actually, there is a large increase in the interest in the caracterization of this kind of sample, as produced waters are one of the largest discharges of petroleum industry. Hence, analytical methodologies to produced water caracterization have been widely developed to trace metals determination in saline samples and among the analytical techniques, there is High Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, a renovation of conventional AAS. However, to obtain accurated results, it's necessary to remove the salts present in this high salinity matrices. This previous separation can be done employing a chelating resin, that preconcentrates the analyte(s) and allows matrix removal. In this way, the aim this work is to evaluate the use of chelating resin Chelex-100® to preconcentrate Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb, for the later determination by High Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS). The methodology was validated by the use of sewater certified reference materials CASS-4, CASS-5 e NASS-5. The detection limits in μg L-1, were 0,006; 0,070; 0,024; 0,074; and 0,018 for Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb, respectively. Produced water samples from offshore petroleum platforms were analysed and results showed that this waters have low concentrations of these studied elements or could not be detected. Found values are much lower when compared to limits from Brazilian legislation, in this case CONAMA 357/05 Resolution
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Sýkora, Jiří. "Využití iontoměničů pro prekoncentraci platinových kovů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295670.

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The aim of this thesis is the elaboration of a detailed literature review on the use of ion exchangers for the preconcentration of platinum group metals. This work contains an actual literature review on this issue. In this work you will find information about the current occurrence of platinum metals in the environment, their impact on health, properties, resources and the use. There are also described ways of decomposition, extraction and use of ion exchangers. In the experimental part this thesis deals with optimization of ion exchangers and following application of real samples from the city of Brno.
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CHEN, SU-HUA, and 陳素華. "Compatibilized polyblends of phenoxy resin and ABS." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60812805981139761285.

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Lin, Yao-Wen, and 林曜文. "Treatment of ABS resin wastewater using submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30126768852511425053.

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碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
92
An aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) is constructed for the treatment of ABS resin wastewater. Sludge retention time (SRT) of this system is set at 30 days and the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) , 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours respectively, is examined. This study aims to investigate the treatment performance of SMBR system, including the establishment of evaporation model caused by air stripping, evaluation of evaporated amount during SMBR operation, mass balance of nitrogen-containing compounds and the biotic efficiency. Finally, the microbial observation of SMBR system is also carried out in this study. The results of this study shows that the effect of HRT on MLSS concentration is significantly. The highest value of MLSS concentration, 26.3 g/L for biological treatment tank and 30.9 g/L for membrane tank, is found when HRT is 18 hours. At the condition of 30 hours, the lowest MLSS concentration, 7.4 g/L for biological treatment tank and 6.3 g/L for membrane tank, is obtained. The removal efficiency of BOD5 for each HRT is above 90% and the highest value of 97.9% is obtained with a HRT of 18 hours. All COD removals are above 92% except the HRT of 12 hours (86.7%). The removals of TOC are above 88% and with the highest value of 93.7% (HRT=18 hours). Turbidity removals were above 98.6% and no SS was detected in the effluent. As for SOUR, a range of 117 to 121 mg-O2/g•hr is found in biological treatment tank and 73~76 mg-O2/g•hr in membrane tank. The F/M ratio of biological treatment tank and membrane tank is with a range of 0.23 to 0.26 and 0.08 to 0.11 kg-BOD5/kg-MLVSS-day. The volumetric loading of this system can be as high as 2.0 kg BOD5/m3-day. This value is 3~6 times higher than the value of traditional AS treatment system. The evaporation model for pollutants of biological treatment tank is VOC@ b=(8.33ARb^1.095×0.736＋6.450)×(Xb/10)^－0.632×@×Vb×HRTb For membrane tank, the general equation is VOC@ m=(16.70ARm^0.720×0.280＋34.450)×(Xm/15)^－0.228×@×Vm×HRTm According to the results of evaporation calculation, the biotic removal efficiency of SMBR system at different HRT conditions can be obtained in this study. As for the condition of 18 hours, the biotic efficiency of BOD5, TOC and COD is 94.1%, 86.0% and 91.5% respectively. For mass balance of nitrogen, the results show that nitrification is significant in SMBR system with the HRT of 18 and 24 hours. About 99% Org-N is converted and the dominant nitrogen species in SMBR system is nitrate. However, the nitrification is significantly inhibited with the HRT of 12 hours The microbial observation of SMBR system revealed that short HRT (12 hours) operating causes damage on the surface of Arcella vulgaris. Beggiatoa alba is found and bulking occurred under this condition. However, high microbial diversity is observed under long HRT operating. When MLSS concentration is lower than 6 g/L, only water cleaning was operated. When MLSS concentration was operating up to 24 g/L, water cleaning is not as well as chemical cleaning. However, within 204 days operation, only two times of chemical cleaning was performed to remove the floc from hollow fiber membrane in this study.
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Books on the topic "ABS resins"

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National Register of Foreign Collaborations (India) and India. Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research., eds. Technology in Indian ABS, SAN, and AES resins industry: A status report prepared under the National Register of Foreign Collaborations. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, 1992.

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Venkatesan, Arun. Central Nervous System Whipple Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0169.

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Whipple disease (WD) is a multisystemic infection caused by the bacillus Tropheryma whipplei. Although the organism is ubiquitous in the environment, WD is rare. In affected individuals, the organism resides intracellularly within macrophages and can manipulate host immune responses to avoid clearance. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement can occur as a manifestation of classic WD, in the setting of a relapse of previously treated WD, or rarely as isolated nervous system infection. Diagnosis of CNS WD rests on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and demonstration of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive macrophages in tissue, and ef
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Holt, Robin. Paris. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199671458.003.0002.

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The earliest story of judgment comes in the Iliad with the Judgment of Paris and the ensuing Trojan Wars. The chapter suggests we have concealed important insights from this story, so enamoured have we become with an understanding of history configured through substantiated evidence. The Iliad resists the logic of entailment and proof, and instead delights in an ordinary world in which myth, event, character, and things cohere and contrast with little overall coherence. In such a world without much in the way of subjects and objects envisaging strategy as enacting a plan seems futile. Despite understanding ourselves differently now, as subjects in whom knowledge resides, the world of the Iliad still resonates. Perhaps in spite of our knowledge, we seem no closer to a settled condition of control than those immersed in the Trojan War.
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Ramirez-Valles, Jesus. The Road of Compañeros. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036446.003.0009.

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This concluding chapter argues that compañerismo is a quality of a type of relationship created through participation in a social-movement organization or a small group that has come together, explicitly or implicitly, for a common cause and against an amorphous yet real enemy. It is a quality that emerges from ties of solidarity among the socially marginalized. This form of relating to others is a cultural code—hence, difficult to decipher to the outsider. In this form of relationship and coexistence rests the possibility for resistance and creative power. Indeed, as a concept, compañeros is more than a source of support and comfort; it can also be a creative force through which one resists assimilation, accommodation, racism, and homophobia. It also enables one to forge alternative ways of being.
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Palmer, R. R. The Lessons of Poland. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0013.

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This chapter presents a compressed account of the Four Years' Diet of 1788–1792 and its background. Poland is first exhibited as a land of aristocracy triumphant. The question is then asked whether the Polish Revolution of 1791 was a revolution at all, and if so in what sense; and what observers in other countries—such as Burke in England, the revolutionaries in France, and the rulers of Prussia and Russia—thought that they learned from it. Jean-Jacques Rousseau drew lessons from Poland in 1771. With the country dissolving in civil war, subverted by Russia, and sinking into the First Partition, the author of the Social Contract, at the request of certain Polish patriots, offered his diagnosis of their situation. For Rousseau, the trouble with Poland was that it had no consistance, no staying power to resist pressure and infiltration from outside. What it needed was character, a character of its own, resting on the collective consciousness or will of its people.
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Fisher, David. Self-Healing Concrete. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901373.

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Self-healing techniques are most successful in preventing concrete from cracking or breaking. The book reviews the most promising methods, including the use of polymers, epoxy resins, fungi or cementitious composites; biomineralization, continuing hydration or carbonation or wet/dry cycling. Various micro-organisms are able to produce favorable effects, such as denitrification, calcium carbonate formation, sulfate reduction or the production of methane. The book references 289 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
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Boyden, Michael. Predicting the Past. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664310.

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Drawing from the social theories of Niklas Luhmann and Mary Douglas, Predicting the Past advocates a reflexive understanding of the paradoxical institutional dynamic of American literary history as a professional discipline and field of study. Contrary to most disciplinary accounts, Michael Boyden resists the utopian impulse to offer supposedly definitive solutions for the legitimation crises besetting American literature studies by “going beyond” its inherited racist, classist, and sexist underpinnings. Approaching the existence of the American literary tradition as a typically modern problem generating diverse but functionally equivalent solutions, Boyden argues how its peculiarity does not, as is often supposed, reside in its restrictive exclusivity but rather in its massive inclusivity which drives it to constantly revert to a self-negating “beyond” perspective. Predicting the Past covers a broad range of both well-known and lesser known literary histories and reference works, from Rufus Griswold’s 1847 Prose Writers of America to Sacvan Bercovitch’s monumental Cambridge History of American Literature. Throughout, Boyden focuses on particular themes and topics illustrating the selfinduced complexity of American literary history such as the early “Anglocentric” roots theories of American literature; the debate on contemporary authors in the age of naturalism; the plurilingual ethnocentrism of the pioneer Americanists of the mid-twentieth century; and the genealogical misrepresentation of founding figures such as Jonathan Edwards, Emily Dickinson, and Robert Lowell.
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Peters, S. T., ed. Composite Filament Winding. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.9781627083386.

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Composite Filament Winding describes the engineering involved in the design and construction of filament-wound products and the processes and equipment by which they are made. It covers everything from the geometry, physics, and math of winding theory to best practices for handling fibers and resins. It explains how constituent materials and winding patterns influence production quality and costs, how to estimate variables such as laminate thickness and roving dimensions, and how to express fiber trajectories on curved surfaces using vector calculus and intuitive observations. It discusses the design and operation of filament winding systems, the origin of various processes, and test methods and procedures. It presents examples demonstrating accepted design practices and the consideration of factors such as stiffness, discontinuities, stress ratio, mandrel geometry, and process control. It also includes a glossary of related terms. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-722-3, follow this link.
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Delmas, Candice. A Duty to Resist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872199.001.0001.

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What are our responsibilities in the face of injustice? Many philosophers argue for what is called political obligation—the duty to obey the law of nearly just, legitimate states. Even proponents of civil disobedience generally hold that, given this moral duty, breaking the law requires justification. By contrast, activists from Henry David Thoreau to the Movement for Black Lives have long recognized a responsibility to resist injustice. Taking seriously this activism, this book wrestles with the problem of political obligation in real world societies that harbor injustice. It argues that the very grounds supporting a duty to obey the law—grounds such as the natural duty of justice, the principle of fairness, the Samaritan duty, and associative duties—also impose obligations of resistance under unjust social conditions. The work therefore expands political obligation to include a duty to resist injustice even in legitimate states, and further shows that under certain real-world conditions, this duty to resist demands principled disobedience. Against the mainstream in public, legal, and philosophical discourse, the book argues that such disobedience need not always be civil. Sometimes, covert, violent, evasive, or offensive acts of lawbreaking can be justified, even required. Illegal assistance to undocumented migrants, leaks of classified information, hacktivism sabotage, armed self-defense, guerrilla art, and other modes of resistance are viable and even necessary forms of resistance. There are limits: principle alone does not justify lawbreaking. But uncivil disobedience can sometimes be required in the effort to resist injustice.
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Clarke, Andrew. Metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0008.

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Metabolism is driven by redox reactions, in which part of the difference in potential energy between the electron donor and acceptor is used by the organism for its life processes (with the remainder being dissipated as heat). The key process is intermediary metabolism, by which the energy stored in reserves (glycogen, starch, lipid, protein) is transferred to ATP. In aerobic respiration the electrons released from reserves are passed to oxygen, which is thereby reduced to water. Not all ATP regeneration involves oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and not all oxygen is used for ATP regeneration, but oxygen consumption is often the simplest and most practical way to measure the rate of intermediary metabolism and the errors in doing so are believed to be small. The costs of existence, as estimated by resting metabolism, represent only a part (~ 25%) of the daily energy expenditure of organisms. The costs of the organism’s ecology (growth, reproduction, movement and so on) are additional to existence costs. Resting metabolic rate increases with cell temperature, indicating that it costs more energy to maintain a warm cell than it does a cool or cold cell. The temperature sensitivity of resting metabolism is highly conserved across organisms.
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Book chapters on the topic "ABS resins"

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Gooch, Jan W. "ABS Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_48.

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BAUER, R. S. "Epoxy Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 931–61. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0285.ch039.

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WILLIAMS, L. L., I. H. UPDEGRAFF, and J. C. PETROPOULOS. "Amino Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 1101–15. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0285.ch045.

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Asakawa, Koji, Akinori Hongu, Naohiko Oyasato, and Makoto Nakase. "Thermal Properties of a Chemically Amplified Resist Resin." In ACS Symposium Series, 165–75. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0579.ch013.

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MAY, CLAYTON A. "Resins for Aerospace." In ACS Symposium Series, 557–80. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0285.ch024.

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Johns, William E., and A. K. Dunker. "Urea-Formaldehyde Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 76–86. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0316.ch007.

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Kim, Hyungsu, and Sang S. Woo. "Recent Developments and Perspectives in ABS Resin." In Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, 185–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0502-4_19.

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Tomita, B., K. Kurozumi, A. Takemura, and S. Hosoya. "Ozonized Lignin—Epoxy Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 496–505. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0397.ch039.

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LIN, S. C. "N-Cyanourea-Terminated Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 105–15. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0282.ch009.

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Bond, W. D., L. J. King, J. B. Knauer, K. J. Hofstetter, and J. D. Thompson. "Cleanup of Demineralizer Resins." In ACS Symposium Series, 250–66. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0293.ch014.

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Conference papers on the topic "ABS resins"

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Donald, R. J., S. K. Landes, and N. L. Maecker. "Weather Stable ABS Resins." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870560.

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Spuria, Joseph E. "Weldability of PC/ABS Resins in Structural IP Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960700.

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Haberman, Douglas, and Timothy Brasel. "A Comparison of Polypropylene and ABS Resins for Automotive Interior Trim Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/940707.

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Henthorn, Stephanie L., William C. Sumner, Thomas D. Traugott, and Michael J. Dallessandro. "Considerations in the Development of Co-Colorable ABS Resins for Automotive Interior Trim Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950443.

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Forgrave, Rebecca K., Kassia L. Groszewski, Angela H. Chung, and Emily M. Elliott. "QUANTIFYING URBAN ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION FLUXES USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291533.

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Vetter, Lorenz G., Timothy M. Adams, and Sze Shen Fong. "Technical Overview and Basis of the Design Section of the NM.1 Standard." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16165.

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Abstract In the spring of 2019, the ASME published the first edition of the NM.1, NM.2, and NM.3 standards. These standards are for the design of non-metallic pressure piping systems. The focus is thermoplastics (NM.1), glass-fiber reinforced thermoset resins (NM.2), and material data (NM.3). These standards were developed by the Non-Metallic Pressure Piping Standards Committee, reporting to the ASME Board on Pressure Technology. This paper provides an overview and the technical basis of the design sections of the NM.1 Standard. The focus is the basis design requirements for HDPE, PVC, CPVC, PP, and ABS resins. Also discussed are the mandatory and non-mandatory Appendices applicable to the NM.1 design section.
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Rangisetty, Sridher, and Larry D. Peel. "The Effect of Infill Patterns and Annealing on Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Composites." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-4011.

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Recently, carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) have become popular choices in desktop-based additive manufacturing, but there is limited information on their effective usage. In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a structure is created by layers of extruded beads. The degree of bonding between beads, bead orientation, degree of interlayer bonding, type of infill and the type of material, determines overall mechanical performance. The presence of chopped fibers in thermoplastics increases melt viscosity, changes coefficients of thermal expansion, may have layer adhesion issues, and causes increased wear on nozzles, which makes FDM fabrication of thermoplastic composites somewhat different from neat thermoplastics. In the current work, best practices and the effect of annealing and infill patterns on the mechanical performance of FDM-fabricated composite parts were investigated. Materials included commercially available PLA, CF-PLA, ABS, CF-ABS, PETG, and CF-PETG. Two sets of ASTM D638 tensile and ASTM D790 flexural test specimens with 3 different infill patterns and each material were fabricated, one set annealed, and all tested. Anisotropic behavior was observed as a function of infill pattern. As expected, strength and stiffness were higher when the beads were oriented in the direction of the load, even for neat resins. All fiber-filled tensile results showed an increase in stiffness, but surprisingly, not in strength (likely due to very short fiber lengths). Tests of annealed specimens resulted in clear improvements in tensile strength, tensile stiffness and flexural strength for PLA, CF-PLA, and PETG, CF-PETG but a reduction in flexural stiffness. Also, annealing resulted in mixed improvements for ABS and CF-ABS and is only useful in certain infill patterns. This work also establishes ‘Best Practices’ of FDM-type fabrication of thermoplastic composite structures and documents the minimum critical fiber lengths and fiber fractions of several CF-filled FDM filaments.
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Traugott, Tom, and Myron Maurer. "New Ductile, Heat Resistant ABS Resin for Energy Management Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980969.

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Lu, Wei, Jia-Wei Wang, Biao-Zhi Zhang, and Hong-Ying Bai. "Modified ABS resin as a material for elastic rotor guardrails." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials and Energy Sustainability (AMES2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813220393_0036.

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Hashmi, Ahmad Atef, Abdullah Saleh Al-Yami, Abdullateef Ahmed Dahmoush, Vikrant Wagle, Khawlah Abdulaziz Alanqari, Saber Y. Alshaikh, Abdullah M. Gumsani, Wajid Ali, and Faisal Abdullah Al-Turki. "Epoxy Resins-Cement Slurries for Primary Cementing Application." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202748-ms.

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Reports on the topic "ABS resins"

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Minkmar, Lisa. Risikomanagement im Gentechnikgesetz - Analyse der Anreize und Hemmnisse bei der Erfüllung der Betreiberpflichten aus § 6 GenTG. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627116.

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Das Projekt „Responsive Steuerung von Innovationsverhalten für Nachhaltigkeit – ReSINa“ untersucht in den Teilbereichen Chemikalien/Nanomaterialien und Gentechnik die jeweilige Rechtslage und ihre Wirkung auf das Innovationsverhalten der Unternehmen. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, welche Anreize und Hemmnisse sich für die Akteure des Innovationsgeschehens daraus ergeben und welche alternativen Gestaltungsoptionen stärkere Impulse in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit vermitteln könnten. Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier befasst sich mit einem Teil dieser Fragestellung im Bereich des Gentechnikgesetzes (GenTG).
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Cary, Dakota. China’s National Cybersecurity Center: A Base for Military-Civil Fusion in the Cyber Domain. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca016.

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China’s National Cybersecurity Center (NCC) resides on a 40 km2 plot in Wuhan. As one indication of its significance, the Chinese Communist Party’s highest-ranking members have an oversight committee for the facility. Over the next decade, the NCC will provide the talent, innovation, and indigenization of cyber capabilities that China’s Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Public Security, and People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force hacking teams lack. Though still under construction, the NCC’s first class of graduates will cross the stage in June 2022.
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Yonally, Emilie, Nadia Butler, Santiago Ripoll, and Olivia Tulloch. Review of the Evidence Landscape on the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Interventions Among the Rohingya Refugees to Enhance Healthcare Seeking Behaviours in Cox's Bazar. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.032.

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This report is the first output in a body of work undertaken to identify operationally feasible suggestions to improve risk communication and community engagement efforts (RCCE) with displaced Rohingya people in Cox’s Bazar. Specifically, these should seek to improve healthcare seeking behaviour and acceptance of essential health services in the camps where the Rohingya reside. It was developed by the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) at the request of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office in Bangladesh. As a first step in this process, this review paper synthesises and assesses the quality of evidence landscape available in Cox’s Bazar and how the Rohingya seek and access healthcare services in Cox’s Bazar and presents the findings from key informant interviews on the topic. Findings are structured in five discussion sections: (1) evidence quality; (2) major themes and variations in the evidence; (3) learnings drawn and recommendations commonly made; (4) persistent bottlenecks; and (5) areas for further research. This synthesis will inform a roundtable discussion with key actors working for the Rohingya refugees to identify next steps for RCCE and research efforts in Cox’s Bazar to improve health outcomes among the Rohingya.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.

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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Reproductive intentions and choices among HIV-infected individuals in Cape Town, South Africa: Lessons for reproductive policy and service provision from a qualitative study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1002.

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While many HIV-infected individuals do not wish to have children, others want children despite their infected status. The desire and intent to have children among HIV-infected individuals may increase because of improved quality of life and survival following commencement of antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries such as South Africa, where the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide reside, specific government reproductive health policy and service provision for HIV-infected individuals is underdeveloped. This policy brief presents findings from a qualitative study that explored HIV-infected individuals’ reproductive intentions, decision-making, and need for reproductive health services. The study also assessed the opinions of health-service providers, policymakers, and influential figures within nongovernmental organizations who are likely to play important roles in the shaping and delivery of reproductive health services. Conducted at two health centers in the Cape Town metropolitan area in South Africa from May 2004 to January 2005, the study focused on issues that impact reproductive choice and decision-making and identified critical policy, health service, and research-related matters to be addressed.
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