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1
National Register of Foreign Collaborations (India) and India. Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research., eds. Technology in Indian ABS, SAN, and AES resins industry: A status report prepared under the National Register of Foreign Collaborations. New Delhi: Govt. of India, Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, 1992.
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Venkatesan, Arun. Central Nervous System Whipple Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0169.
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Whipple disease (WD) is a multisystemic infection caused by the bacillus Tropheryma whipplei. Although the organism is ubiquitous in the environment, WD is rare. In affected individuals, the organism resides intracellularly within macrophages and can manipulate host immune responses to avoid clearance. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement can occur as a manifestation of classic WD, in the setting of a relapse of previously treated WD, or rarely as isolated nervous system infection. Diagnosis of CNS WD rests on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and demonstration of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive macrophages in tissue, and ef
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Holt, Robin. Paris. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199671458.003.0002.
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The earliest story of judgment comes in the Iliad with the Judgment of Paris and the ensuing Trojan Wars. The chapter suggests we have concealed important insights from this story, so enamoured have we become with an understanding of history configured through substantiated evidence. The Iliad resists the logic of entailment and proof, and instead delights in an ordinary world in which myth, event, character, and things cohere and contrast with little overall coherence. In such a world without much in the way of subjects and objects envisaging strategy as enacting a plan seems futile. Despite understanding ourselves differently now, as subjects in whom knowledge resides, the world of the Iliad still resonates. Perhaps in spite of our knowledge, we seem no closer to a settled condition of control than those immersed in the Trojan War.
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Ramirez-Valles, Jesus. The Road of Compañeros. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036446.003.0009.
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This concluding chapter argues that compañerismo is a quality of a type of relationship created through participation in a social-movement organization or a small group that has come together, explicitly or implicitly, for a common cause and against an amorphous yet real enemy. It is a quality that emerges from ties of solidarity among the socially marginalized. This form of relating to others is a cultural code—hence, difficult to decipher to the outsider. In this form of relationship and coexistence rests the possibility for resistance and creative power. Indeed, as a concept, compañeros is more than a source of support and comfort; it can also be a creative force through which one resists assimilation, accommodation, racism, and homophobia. It also enables one to forge alternative ways of being.
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Palmer, R. R. The Lessons of Poland. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0013.
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This chapter presents a compressed account of the Four Years' Diet of 1788–1792 and its background. Poland is first exhibited as a land of aristocracy triumphant. The question is then asked whether the Polish Revolution of 1791 was a revolution at all, and if so in what sense; and what observers in other countries—such as Burke in England, the revolutionaries in France, and the rulers of Prussia and Russia—thought that they learned from it. Jean-Jacques Rousseau drew lessons from Poland in 1771. With the country dissolving in civil war, subverted by Russia, and sinking into the First Partition, the author of the Social Contract, at the request of certain Polish patriots, offered his diagnosis of their situation. For Rousseau, the trouble with Poland was that it had no consistance, no staying power to resist pressure and infiltration from outside. What it needed was character, a character of its own, resting on the collective consciousness or will of its people.
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Fisher, David. Self-Healing Concrete. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901373.
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Self-healing techniques are most successful in preventing concrete from cracking or breaking. The book reviews the most promising methods, including the use of polymers, epoxy resins, fungi or cementitious composites; biomineralization, continuing hydration or carbonation or wet/dry cycling. Various micro-organisms are able to produce favorable effects, such as denitrification, calcium carbonate formation, sulfate reduction or the production of methane. The book references 289 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
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Boyden, Michael. Predicting the Past. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664310.
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Drawing from the social theories of Niklas Luhmann and Mary Douglas, Predicting the Past advocates a reflexive understanding of the paradoxical institutional dynamic of American literary history as a professional discipline and field of study. Contrary to most disciplinary accounts, Michael Boyden resists the utopian impulse to offer supposedly definitive solutions for the legitimation crises besetting American literature studies by “going beyond” its inherited racist, classist, and sexist underpinnings. Approaching the existence of the American literary tradition as a typically modern problem generating diverse but functionally equivalent solutions, Boyden argues how its peculiarity does not, as is often supposed, reside in its restrictive exclusivity but rather in its massive inclusivity which drives it to constantly revert to a self-negating “beyond” perspective. Predicting the Past covers a broad range of both well-known and lesser known literary histories and reference works, from Rufus Griswold’s 1847 Prose Writers of America to Sacvan Bercovitch’s monumental Cambridge History of American Literature. Throughout, Boyden focuses on particular themes and topics illustrating the selfinduced complexity of American literary history such as the early “Anglocentric” roots theories of American literature; the debate on contemporary authors in the age of naturalism; the plurilingual ethnocentrism of the pioneer Americanists of the mid-twentieth century; and the genealogical misrepresentation of founding figures such as Jonathan Edwards, Emily Dickinson, and Robert Lowell.
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Peters, S. T., ed. Composite Filament Winding. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.9781627083386.
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Composite Filament Winding describes the engineering involved in the design and construction of filament-wound products and the processes and equipment by which they are made. It covers everything from the geometry, physics, and math of winding theory to best practices for handling fibers and resins. It explains how constituent materials and winding patterns influence production quality and costs, how to estimate variables such as laminate thickness and roving dimensions, and how to express fiber trajectories on curved surfaces using vector calculus and intuitive observations. It discusses the design and operation of filament winding systems, the origin of various processes, and test methods and procedures. It presents examples demonstrating accepted design practices and the consideration of factors such as stiffness, discontinuities, stress ratio, mandrel geometry, and process control. It also includes a glossary of related terms. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-722-3, follow this link.
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Delmas, Candice. A Duty to Resist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872199.001.0001.
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What are our responsibilities in the face of injustice? Many philosophers argue for what is called political obligation—the duty to obey the law of nearly just, legitimate states. Even proponents of civil disobedience generally hold that, given this moral duty, breaking the law requires justification. By contrast, activists from Henry David Thoreau to the Movement for Black Lives have long recognized a responsibility to resist injustice. Taking seriously this activism, this book wrestles with the problem of political obligation in real world societies that harbor injustice. It argues that the very grounds supporting a duty to obey the law—grounds such as the natural duty of justice, the principle of fairness, the Samaritan duty, and associative duties—also impose obligations of resistance under unjust social conditions. The work therefore expands political obligation to include a duty to resist injustice even in legitimate states, and further shows that under certain real-world conditions, this duty to resist demands principled disobedience. Against the mainstream in public, legal, and philosophical discourse, the book argues that such disobedience need not always be civil. Sometimes, covert, violent, evasive, or offensive acts of lawbreaking can be justified, even required. Illegal assistance to undocumented migrants, leaks of classified information, hacktivism sabotage, armed self-defense, guerrilla art, and other modes of resistance are viable and even necessary forms of resistance. There are limits: principle alone does not justify lawbreaking. But uncivil disobedience can sometimes be required in the effort to resist injustice.
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Clarke, Andrew. Metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0008.
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Metabolism is driven by redox reactions, in which part of the difference in potential energy between the electron donor and acceptor is used by the organism for its life processes (with the remainder being dissipated as heat). The key process is intermediary metabolism, by which the energy stored in reserves (glycogen, starch, lipid, protein) is transferred to ATP. In aerobic respiration the electrons released from reserves are passed to oxygen, which is thereby reduced to water. Not all ATP regeneration involves oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and not all oxygen is used for ATP regeneration, but oxygen consumption is often the simplest and most practical way to measure the rate of intermediary metabolism and the errors in doing so are believed to be small. The costs of existence, as estimated by resting metabolism, represent only a part (~ 25%) of the daily energy expenditure of organisms. The costs of the organism’s ecology (growth, reproduction, movement and so on) are additional to existence costs. Resting metabolic rate increases with cell temperature, indicating that it costs more energy to maintain a warm cell than it does a cool or cold cell. The temperature sensitivity of resting metabolism is highly conserved across organisms.
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Margaretten, Emily. Love, Betrayal, and Sexual Intimacy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039607.003.0004.
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This chapter considers why the Point Place females, who are aware of how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, agree to unprotected intercourse. Certainly, material circumstances impinge on their capacity to negotiate condom use, yet this does not fully account for why the Point Place females use condoms with boyfriends who reside outside the building but not with those who reside within the building. Their construction of “outside” and “inside” boyfriends is connected to notions of trust and, more specifically, to acts of nakana—which in isiZulu means “to care about or take notice of one another.” This in turn opens them up to the risks of sexually transmitted infections, which they view as acceptable when compared to the perils of being unloved or forsaken on the streets.
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Balboni, Michael J., and Tracy A. Balboni. Why Medicine Should Resist Immanence. Edited by Michael J. Balboni and Tracy A. Balboni. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199325764.003.0013.
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This chapter outlines four reasons why medicine should resist a spirituality of immanence as its chief love. First, this spirituality is incongruent with the beliefs of most American patients and their experience of serious illness. Second, a spirituality of immanence fails the test of religious pluralism, an essential characteristic of medicine in the twenty-first century. Third, this spirituality enables and encourages impersonal social forces, including bureaucracy, market forces, and the technological imperative, to affect how medicine is conceived, practiced, and experienced. Finally, immanence is creating a professional socialization with negative clinician outcomes, such as burnout. The argument especially focuses on the impact of immanence in creating conditions for impersonal medicine and its subsequent impact on clinician socialization. Apart from partnership with traditional religions, medicine is helpless to resist impersonal forces overtaking the patient–clinician relationship.
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Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Ben J. Harrison. Brain Functional Connectivity in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0024.
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This chapter provides an overview of studies assessing alterations in brain functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although most of the reviewed studies relate to the analysis of resting-state fMRI data, the chapter also reviews studies that have combined resting-state with structural or task-based approaches, as well as task-based studies in which the analysis of functional connectivity was reported. The main conclusions to be drawn from this review are that patients with OCD consistently demonstrate altered patterns of brain functional connectivity in large-scale “frontostriatal” and “default mode” networks, and that the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms is likely to partly arise via distinct modulatory influences on these networks by broader disturbances of affective, motivational, and regulatory systems. The variable nature of some findings across studies as well as the influence of medications on functional connectivity measures is also discussed.
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Ramani, Ramachandran, ed. Functional MRI. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190297763.001.0001.
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Functional MRI with BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) imaging is one of the commonly used modalities for studying brain function in neuroscience. The underlying source of the BOLD fMRI signal is the variation in oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin ratio at the site of neuronal activity in the brain. fMRI is mostly used to map out the location and intensity of brain activity that correlate with mental activities. In recent years, a new approach to fMRI was developed that is called resting-state fMRI. The fMRI signal from this method does not require the brain to perform any goal-directed task; it is acquired with the subject at rest. It was discovered that there are low-frequency fluctuations in the fMRI signal in the brain at rest. The signals originate from spatially distinct functionally related brain regions but exhibit coherent time-synchronous fluctuations. Several of the networks have been identified and are called resting-state networks. These networks represent the strength of the functional connectivity between distinct functionally related brain regions and have been used as imaging markers of various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Resting-state fMRI is also ideally suited for functional brain imaging in disorders of consciousness and in subjects under anesthesia. This book provides a review of the basic principles of fMRI (signal sources, acquisition methods, and data analysis) and its potential clinical applications.
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Silberstein, Michael, W. M. Stuckey, and Timothy McDevitt. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807087.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 contrasts dynamical explanation in the mechanical universe (Wilczek’s “ant’s-eye view of physical reality”) with adynamical explanation in the block universe (Wilczek’s “God’s-eye view of physical reality”). In the dynamical universe, explanation resides in fundamental laws that evolve initial states in time. Accordingly, the present is explained by the past alone. In the adynamical block universe, explanation resides in adynamical global constraints over spacetime such as the least action principle. Accordingly, the past and future are equally important in explaining the present. After introducing the impasse of theoretical physics and foundations of physics, the blame for that impasse is placed squarely with the ant’s-eye view. The chapter concludes with a brief preview of how the God’s-eye view can resolve the impasse of theoretical physics and foundations of physics created by the ant’s-eye view, including the mystery of time as experienced and how that experience relates to the block universe.
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Debaise, Didier. Introduction. Translated by Tomas Weber. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423045.003.0001.
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Every reading of Process and Reality has to start by declaring the initial problem on the basis of which the book is to be interpreted. It has become clear to readers of Whitehead that different perspectives never stop reorganising the system, perspectives that determine relative and changing areas of importance, connecting problems with ever fluctuating forms. One of Process and Reality’s particularities – connected to its style and philosophical form – is that it resists being ‘surveyed’ from above, it resists readings introduced as mere explanations. As such, ‘there are distinct lineages of readers of Whitehead in accordance with different approaches. Each reader inherits one particular movement out of all the movements that the original work tangles up.’These tangles are the transformative power of the system to which one must become sensitive. An adequate reading cannot avoid taking a particular path. The only constraints are those shared by all systematic thought: coherence must be maintained.
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Schaflechner, Jürgen. Change and Perseverance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850524.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 elaborates on the evolution of the pilgrimage and maps the process in recent decades that has gradually claimed the Hinglaj valley and the shrine as Hindu religious space. It offers a detailed analysis of the various resting places, ritual activities, and mytho-historic narratives found on the pilgrimage to Hinglaj in order to show how such paṛāv (Hin. halting/resting places) have transformed in recent years. Using colonial sources, travelogues, and the author’s own ethnographical material from Sindh and Balochistan, the chapter offers a comprehensive study of the sanctum sanctorum and how it has been physically manipulated by Hindu renovators in order to minimize visual impressions suggestive of the (Zikri-) Muslim tradition, a manifestation of the general “Hinduization” in recent decades at the shrine. The chapter also demonstrates how both man-made and natural material alterations in the past, such as renovations or landslides, led to new narratives and ritual practices at the shrine.
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Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Movement Disorders 1: Tourette’s Syndrome, Essential Tremor, and Parkinson’s Disease (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0011.
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The video in this chapter explores movement disorders, and focuses on Tourette’s Syndrome, Essential tremor, and Parkinson’s Disease. It outlines the characteristics of each, such as motor and vocal tics in Tourette’s Syndrome, postural or kinetic tremor in Essential tremor, and the four hallmark features of Parkinson’s Disease (bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and postural instability).
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Banchetti-Robino, Marina Paola. The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502501.001.0001.
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This book examines the way in which Robert Boyle seeks to accommodate his complex chemical philosophy within the framework of a mechanistic theory of matter. More specifically, the book proposes that Boyle regards chemical qualities as properties that emerge from the mechanistic structure of chymical atoms. Within Boyle’s chemical ontology, chymical atoms are structured concretions of particles that Boyle regards as chemically elementary entities, that is, as chemical wholes that resist experimental analysis. Although this interpretation of Boyle’s chemical philosophy has already been suggested by other Boyle scholars, the present book provides a sustained philosophical argument to demonstrate that, for Boyle, chemical properties are dispositional, relational, emergent, and supervenient properties. This argument is strengthened by a detailed mereological analysis of Boylean chymical atoms that establishes the kind of theory of wholes and parts that is most consistent with his emergentist conception of chemical properties. The emergentist position that is being attributed to Boyle supports his view that chemical reactions resist direct explanation in terms of the mechanistic properties of fundamental particles, as well as his position regarding the scientific autonomy of chemistry from mechanics and physics.
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Granacher, Robert P. Neuropsychiatric Aspects Involving the Elderly and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0002.
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Neuropsychiatry has generally been concerned with the diagnosis and management of syndromes with productive symptoms (positive symptoms) such as hallucinations, mood changes, and delusions. This chapter focuses on the brain-based forensic issues before the law concerning the neuropsychiatry of the older patient. These include the forensic infinitives of legal cognitive capacity to be competent to be tried, enter a plea, be a witness, consent generally, enter a contract, make a will, resist undue influence, refuse treatment, give informed consent, have general competence, have specific competence, be fit for duty, be criminally responsible, be civilly committable, and resist elder abuse. Fundamentally, the forensic neuropsychiatric question is: does a brain disorder remove the individual capacity to understand, decide or act in a specific circumstance before the law? Thus, a well-planned forensic assessment of a geriatric person usually requires a neuromedical psychiatric examination model. This may include examinations, laboratory testing, structural neuroimaging, cognitive screening, and neuropsychological testing. It also may involve lumbar puncture functional neuroimaging and other neurodiagnostic testing.
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Saguy, Abigail C. Come Out, Come Out, Whoever You Are. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931650.001.0001.
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This book examines how and why people use the concept of coming out as a certain kind of person to resist stigma and collectively mobilize for social change. It examines how the concept of coming out has taken on different meanings as people adopt it for varying purposes—across time, space, and social context. Most other books about coming out—whether fiction, academic, or memoir—focus on the experience of gay men and lesbians in the United States. This is the first book to examine how a variety of people and groups use the concept of coming out in new and creative ways to resist stigma and mobilize for social change. It examines how the use of coming out among American lesbians, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) people has shifted over time. It also examines how four diverse US social movements—including the fat acceptance movement, undocumented immigrant youth movement, the plural-marriage family movement among Mormon fundamentalist polygamists, and the #MeToo movement—have employed the concept of coming out to advance their cause. Doing so sheds light on these particular struggles for social recognition, while illuminating broader questions regarding social change, cultural meaning, and collective mobilization.
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Harris, Frances. 1704–1705. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802440.003.0007.
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The fifth chapter shows the Marlborough-Godolphin partnership in full operation, as Godolphin aims to defeat the economy of France while Marlborough conquers the French army in the field. Nottingham resigns and is replaced as Secretary of State by Harley. Financed by Godolphin’s remittances, Marlborough marches his army into Germany and wins a decisive victory against the French at Blenheim. But he then makes a tour of German courts, leaving Godolphin to face Parliament alone in England. Godolphin sets a standard of ministerial responsibility by defending his advice to the queen to pass the Scots Act of Security. As the High Tories threaten to bring him down by tacking the Occasional Conformity bill to the Land Tax, the Whigs offer to support the war and Union. Godolphin’s association with one of the Whig leaders, Charles Montagu, Lord Halifax, and the marriage of Marlborough’s daughter into the Montagu family furthers the alliance.
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Foster, Susan Leigh. Improvising Yoga. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.009.
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This chapter explores improvisation during the practice of yoga as a way to consider Foucault’s concept of “techniques of the self.” It describes and analyzes the way that the thinking body and the thinking mind can improvise together to construct a corporeality that resists the docilization of the body that is exerted through advertising, fitness, and health regimens. It thereby contributes to the investigation of improvisation and the politics of the quotidian.
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Kvanvig, Jonathan L. Humility: Nature, Value, and Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809487.003.0009.
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The traditional account of the virtues is Aristotelian, where virtue requires knowledge. Recent literature has emphasized the importance of ignorance in a proper account of some virtues, including humility. The goal of the present chapter is to resist this ignorance portrayal and the skepticism it engenders about the value of humility and its classification as a virtue. An alternative, attention‐based account of humility is explained and defended, one on which humility’s value and virtue are defensible.
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Taylor, Claire. Experiencing Penia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786931.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 examines poverty dynamics in three distinct ways: (i) through an examination of conjunctural aspects of poverty and the events that are described as precipitating hardship, (ii) through a discussion of chronic poverty as social re-categorization, and (iii) through an exploration of gendered aspects of poverty. Together these case studies demonstrate that the discourses of poverty discussed in Chapter 2 are contested by the penetes themselves, e.g. women were able to use their social networks to resist the discourses that devalued their labour.
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Fay, Jessica. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816201.003.0014.
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Drawing together themes from Chapters 1–5, the epilogue suggests that the poetry and prose Wordsworth produced between 1806 and 1822 might be seen, in retrospect, to anticipate the work of groups such as the Oxford Tract Movement and the Cambridge Camden Society. The widespread Victorian revival of enthusiasm for monasticism and ruined abbeys, antiquarianism, and ecclesiology makes sense of the Victorian ‘taste’ for poems such as The White Doe and The Excursion. And yet, as the book has shown, Wordsworth resists conventional medievalist and antiquarian activity in deference to the silence of the landscape.
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Lepecki, André. The Politics of Speculative Imagination in Contemporary Choreography. Edited by Rebekah J. Kowal, Gerald Siegmund, and Randy Martin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928187.013.35.
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Through a close analysis of recent works by experimental choreographers from Brazil, the United States, and Europe, this chapter discusses the uses of speculation and imagination as choreopolitical tools used to bypass the introjection of censorship typical of contemporary societies of control. The kinetic expression of such introjection is defined as an act of choreopolicing. By proposing that the refusal to give something to view must be taken as a fully affirmative gesture in experimental choreography, the chapter further proposes that imagination has become the realm through which one may resist the “creative impetus” characteristic of cognitive and affective capitalism.
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Shaver, J. Myles. Headquarters Economy Attributes and Strategy/Policy Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828914.003.0006.
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This chapter highlights the advantages that stem from a headquarters economy compared to other regional economies such as industry clusters or creative economies. It then presents an overarching structure from which to consider public policies that can aid and sustain headquarters economies, and corporate strategies that tap into and aid headquarters economies. In doing this, the chapter highlights managers as key decision-makers who make purposeful choices of where they work and reside. It identifies four key constituents that affect such managerial choices. These constituents are companies, governments, non-governmental organizations, and other individuals within the managerial talent pool.
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Papanicolaou, Andrew C. The Default Mode and Other Resting State Networks. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.003.
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Brain activity during rest, as measured and imaged mainly by fMRI, appears to be due to a number of simultaneously active neuronal networks. The network identified first is the default mode network, which has been used as a marker of conscious awareness in patients with compromised consciousness. In this chapter, the methods of deriving this and other resting networks are outlined, the reliability of each network is assessed, and the question of the functional significance of the default mode network including its relevance to the theory of mind and morality is addressed through a critical appraisal of the relevant literature.
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Lycan, William G. On Evidence in Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829720.001.0001.
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This book offers an epistemology of philosophy itself, a partial method for philosophical inquiry. The epistemology features three ultimate sources of justified philosophical belief. First, common sense, in a carefully restricted sense of the term—the sorts of contingent propositions Moore defended against idealists and skeptics. Second, the deliverances of well confirmed science. Third, and more fundamentally, intuitions about cases, in a carefully specified sense of that term. Chapters 1–4 expound a version of Moore’s method and apply it to each of several issues. The version is shown to resist all the standard objections to Moore; most of them do not even apply. Chapters 5 and 6 argue that philosophical method is far less powerful than most have taken it to be. In particular, deductive argument can accomplish very little, and hardly ever is an opposing position refuted except by common sense or by science. Chapters 7 and 8 defend the evidential status of intuitions and the Goodmanian method of reflective equilibrium; it is argued that philosophy always and everywhere depends on them. The method is then set within a more general explanatory-coherentist epistemology, which is shown to resist standard forms of skepticism. In sum, this book advocates a picture of philosophy as a very wide explanatory reflective equilibrium incorporating common sense, science, and our firmest intuitions on any topic—and nothing more, not ever.
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Wilson, John W., and Lynn L. Estes. Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0070.
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• Viridans streptococci•Staphylococcus aureus• Enterococci• HACEK organisms• Same as native valves, plus• Coagulase-negative staphylococci• Fungi• Gram-negative rods (early postoperative period)The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) rests on demonstrated evidence of cardiac involvement and persistent bacteremia due to microorganisms that typically cause endocarditis. Establishing a microbiologic diagnosis is critical to therapeutic decisions. Every effort should be made to identify the causative organism....
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Bruno, Nicola. Visual Illusions in Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0005.
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This chapter presents a review of the evidence supporting the notion that motor responses may resist visual illusions. It asks the question of whether actions will be affected by illusions. The review is selective, as dictated by space constraints, and highly critical because the interpretation of the relevant evidence remains controversial. The conclusions underscore the theoretical relevance, as well as the heuristic value, of studies of illusion effects on action responses. At the same time, however, they offer a warning concerning past interpretations of this literature and suggest that the proposed immunity of actions from visual illusions may be much more limited than proposed in earlier accounts.
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Barthelmes, Jens, and Isabella Sudano. Cardiovascular response to mental stress. Edited by Guido Grassi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0027.
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Mental stress, intrinsically subjective, lacks clear operationalization by any universally accepted gauge in routine clinical practice. There is not even an accepted single conceptualization of mental stress as opposed to the classic risk factors measured by, for example, resting blood pressure or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among others. Yet, the link between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular events is a century-old intuition substantiated by many studies. Likely, mental stress affects cardiovascular health over the whole course of at-risk-stage up to cardiovascular events. This chapter discusses the major pathophysiologic effects of mental stress on cardiovascular pathogenesis.
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Reydams-Schils, Gretchen. The Stoics. Edited by Daniel S. Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837472.013.38.
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This chapter develops the contrast between Musonius Rufus and Dio of Prusa in their mode of self-representation. The later Stoics Seneca, Musonius Rufus, and Epictetus embrace a low-authority profile and recommend discretion for the philosopher (recommendations which Marcus Aurelius adopts in his own manner). In doing so they consciously resist the traditional status markers without giving up altogether on the notion of socio-political responsibility. Dio, on the other hand, in his role as public speaker makes full use of these status markers in the hope of increasing his effectiveness (as does Plutarch to some extent in his works on practical philosophy). Hence the contrast represents a cultural dilemma.
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Spiegel, Avi Max. Unheard Voices of Dissent. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159843.003.0006.
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This chapter explores how young Islamists relate to the authority of the state. The dawn of the twenty-first century brought new opportunities for Islamist activists, especially ones from illegal movements, to resist authority and to flourish. To begin with, their funding sources cannot easily be cut off. In addition, their overall ability to communicate is less easily disrupted. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, combating the dissemination of propaganda and publicity is nowhere near as straightforward as it once was. Authorities can outlaw the publication of materials or even confiscate books or clamp down on frightened booksellers, but banned movements can simply print more—and elsewhere.
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de Geus, Eco, Rene van Lien, Melanie Neijts, and Gonneke Willemsen. Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.010.
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Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.
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Goetz, Rebecca Anne. Religion and Race in the Greater South, 1500–1800. Edited by Paul Harvey and Kathryn Gin Lum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.27.
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This chapter examines Roman Catholic and Protestant race-making in the colonial South and Caribbean. Religion was both a site for defining race and resisting racial definition. Protestants and Catholics held similar ideas about the exclusive rightness of their religious beliefs, and both groups sought to convert enslaved Africans and indigenous people. Enslaved Africans and indigenous people used Christianity to resist enslavement and other European abuses, though enslaved Africans retained their own beliefs as well. In the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century South and in the Caribbean, race and religion were categories that Europeans had to strive to create and recreate. Religion proved a crucial component in defining and making race.
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Shaver, J. Myles. Headquarters as a Managerial and Administrative Talent Pool. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828914.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the concept of a headquarters economy—an economy that has a concentration of headquarters from diverse industries. The chapter advances the importance of viewing headquarters as pools of managerial and administrative talent in order to understand corporate headquarters, how they impact the regions in which they reside, and where they locate. The chapter also introduces the concept of “hidden headquarters.” These are important divisional, regional, or operational headquarters of companies with corporate headquarters elsewhere. Such headquarters are often overlooked yet they influence their regions like large corporate headquarters. Finally, the chapter outlines the structure of the book and describes the research design choices that shape the investigation.
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Kriegel, Uriah. Belief-That and Belief-In. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732570.003.0008.
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Let propositionalism be the thesis that all mental attitudes are propositional. Anti-propositionalists have focused on trying to resist reductive analyses of apparently non-propositional attitudes, such as fearing a dog and loving a spouse, into propositional form. This chapter explores the anti-propositionalist’s prospects for going on the offensive, trying to show that some apparently propositional attitudes, notably belief and judgment, can be given a reductive analysis in terms of non-propositional attitudes. Although the notion that belief is a non-propositional attitude may seem ludicrous at first, it has been given an admirable defense by Franz Brentano, a defense which this chapter expounds and deepens.
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Wright, Almeda M. Tapping into the Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664732.003.0004.
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Previous chapters have outlined the fragmented spirituality, beliefs, and practices of African American youth. This chapter assesses and affirms these as the building blocks of a more robust spirituality. Building on the work of Womanist theologians, this chapter articulates key theological concepts that are essential in helping African American youth resist and transcend the negative effects of spiritual fragmentation. Womanist public theology and reorientation of adolescent spirituality to communal ends does not necessarily reduce spirituality to political action. This chapter suggests approaches to participating in public theological reflection and action to help youth leverage their religious convictions and ideals to work for the common good.
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Clealand, Danielle Pilar. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632298.003.0001.
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During the 2008 US presidential campaign, I was in La Habana listening to Cubans of all races tell me a black man could never be elected president of the United States of America. The prediction was no doubt couched in decades of government rhetoric that proclaims the United States to be the prime example of racism and marginalization of blacks. Racism is designated as a problem that resides outside of the island’s borders, thus negating the significance of race in Cuba. Despite the skepticism concerning the United States electing a black president and the dominant discourse that denies the implications of racial identity in Cuba, many ...
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Bowie, Ewen. The Lesson of Book 2. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803614.003.0003.
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This chapter first explores the ways in which Book 2 resists its characterization by Fornara in 1971 as marked by ‘the utter absence in II of the moral or philosophical element’. It picks out several features that link it with other parts of Herodotus’ work (e.g. moral judgements, direct speech, divine retribution), and then draws attention to elements in Herodotus’ presentation already found in archaic and early classical narrative elegy, culminating in the work of Herodotus’ relative Panyassis. It then briefly notices the differences between Herodotus’ work and that of Hecataeus, and concludes by offering an explanation for the diversity of the Enquiry that is so strikingly exemplified by Book 2.
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Hollweg, Brenda, and Igor Krstic, eds. World Cinema and the Essay Film. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429245.001.0001.
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World Cinema and the Essay Film examines the ways in which essay film practices are deployed by transnational filmmakers in specific local and national contexts, in an interconnected world. The book identifies the essay film as a political and ethical tool to reflect upon and potentially resist the multiple, often contradictory effects of globalisation. With case studies of essayistic works by John Akomfrah, Frances Calvert, José Luis Guerín, Jonas Mekas, David Perlov, Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Zhao Liang, amongst many others, and with a photo-essay by Trinh T. Minh-ha, the book expands current research on the essay film and presents transnational perspectives on what is becoming a global film practice.
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Delmas, Candice. Political Association and Dignity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872199.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 is devoted to associative political obligations. After presenting the lay of the associativist land, the chapter focuses on Ronald Dworkin’s liberal, dignity-based associativist account of political obligation, defended in his 2011 book Justice for Hedgehogs. From this account, the discussion derives political obligations to resist injustice, understood as violation of or threat to dignity. Dignitary political membership, under certain circumstances, justifies even violent and undignified resistance. The chapter also defends an associative political obligation to assert one’s dignity even when there is no hope of achieving anything else. Finally, dignitary political membership supports a political obligation of solidarity among and with the oppressed.
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Divers, John. On Some Arguments for the Necessity and Irreducibility of Necessity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792161.003.0002.
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Hale (2013) constructs and defends a conception of absolute modality as metaphysically fundamental. Part of this defense is an attack on alternative positions. One such position is a kind of modal skepticism that permits our declining to accept that any proposition is absolutely necessary. Another such position is a kind of modal reductionism that attempts to secure (non-trivial) modal truths via analysis that does not terminate in modal primitives of any kind. This chapter resists Hale on both fronts, arguing that the significance of the anti-skepticism established is variously limited and that the charge of question-begging against the reductionist(s) is not proven.
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Resane, Kelebogile Thomas. South African Christian Experiences: From colonialism to democracy. SunBonani Scholar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928424994.
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Theologically and historically sound, Resane’s South African Christian Experiences: From Colonialism to Democracy, envisions a robust Christianity that acknowledges itself as “a community of justified sinners” who are on an eschatological journey of conversion. This Christianity does not look away from its historical sins and participation in corruption and evils such as Apartheid. Resane argues that failing to adhere to Jesus’ teachings is not a reason for Christianity to recede from public life. Rather, doing so further pushes Christianity away from Jesus who emphatically called for the Church to engage in the liberation of society. By framing how the Christian must engage with his/her community as a component to belief – that saying must mean doing for belief to happen – Resane frames his theology as an eschatological clarion call for internal and social renewal, an interplay between the individual Christian, the communal churches of Christ, and society at large. Dr J. Sands – Northwest University “Drawing from our own wells” is a prophetic call for theologians to develop context specific liberation theologies drawn from their own contexts, history, experiences, and different types of knowledge. This book locates its loci in the historical and contemporary context in South Africa, as well as drawing from the rich legacy of liberation theologies including African, Kairos, Black, Circle and many other theologies to address contemporary issues facing South Africa. Resane’s book contributes towards enhancing the much needed local theologies of liberation based on contextual realities and knowledges. Dr Nontando Hadebe – Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians South African Christian Experiences: From Colonialism to Democracy captures the societal binaries that are part and parcel of Christianity, especially in the African context. The definition of God is also affected by these binaries, such as, is God Black or White? The book proposes both the non-binary approach, and the process of inculturation. The work also shows how not to have one theology, but different theologies, hence references and expansions on the Trinity, Pneumatology, Christology, etc. Furthermore, this work portrays Christ as seen from an African point of view, and what it means to attach African attributes to Christ, as opposed to the traditional Western understanding. Rev. Fr. Thabang Nkadimeng – History of Christianity, University of KwaZulu Natal Resane has dug deep into the history of the church in South Africa, and brought the experiences of Indigenous people and Christians, including theologians, to the attention of every reader. The author demonstrates an intense knowledge of the history of Christianity. He also portrays that there is still more to be done, both from the Christian historical perspective and the theological perspective for the church to be relevant to all the contexts in which it finds itself. Prof. Mokhele Madise – Department of Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology, University of South Africa
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Papish, Laura. Self-Deception, the Necessary Conditions of Evil, and the Entrenchment of Evil. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692100.003.0005.
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This chapter considers two ways that self-deception might relate to an evil that is rooted in human beings or “radical” in nature. It is asked, first, whether self-deception is a necessary condition of evil, and, second, whether self-deception explains the entrenchment or obstinate quality of evil. It is argued that Kant has grounds for concluding that self-deception plays both these roles. Kantians and contemporary philosophers who resist seeing self-deception as a necessary condition of evil are addressed, as are Kant’s accounts of diabolical evil, the passions, and temptation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how Kant’s commitments to transcendental freedom are implicated in his views regarding evil and temptation.
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Pearce, Jane. Family therapy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0020.
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This chapter introduces Family Therapy (Systemic Therapy) as a psychotherapeutic approach which explores the patient’s problems in relational terms rather than treating them as if they reside in the patient alone. The focus is upon the dynamic, interactive connections between people and their wider social context and the history of evolving ideas and practices is summarised. The evidence of effectiveness of family therapy in adults is discussed and the implication drawn that there is evidence to support clinical application including older age populations. The chapter illustrates the range of ideas that have been found applicable and helpful in work with older people and illustrates some of these approaches with practice based scenarios from old age psychiatry.
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West, Tyler R., and Kelly J. Baldwin. Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0151.
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A spinal epidural abscess is an infection that resides in the epidural space of the spinal canal, and most commonly occurs from hematogenous seeding or direct extension from adjacent structures. Normal skin flora such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp are the most common organisms to cause an epidural abscess, typically when host immunity is compromised or due to barrier disruption. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, but often will progress over time to spinal cord compression. Intracranial epidural abscess and subdural empyema occur within the skull and are frequently spread via direct extension of infections from contiguous structures or as complications from neurosurgical procedures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for improving morbidity and mortality.
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Blockley, David. 2. Does form follow function? Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671939.003.0002.
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In c.15 bc, the Roman Vitruvius stated that a good building should satisfy three requirements: durability, utility, and beauty. ‘Does form follow function?’ examines utility and beauty. It explains that structures are naturally lazy because they contain minimum potential energy. Each piece of structure, however small or large, will move, but not freely as the neighbouring pieces will get in the way. When this happens internal forces are created as the pieces bump up against each other. Force pathways are degrees of freedom and the structure has to be strong enough to resist these internal forces along these pathways. Form-finding structures are exciting and innovative examples of the fusion of engineering and architecture.