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Journal articles on the topic 'Absorbing chain'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Martínez, Servet. "Entropy of killed-resurrected stationary Markov chains." Journal of Applied Probability 58, no. 1 (2021): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2020.81.

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AbstractWe consider a strictly substochastic matrix or a stochastic matrix with absorbing states. By using quasi-stationary distributions we show that there is an associated canonical Markov chain that is built from the resurrected chain, the absorbing states, and the hitting times, together with a random walk on the absorbing states, which is necessary for achieving time stationarity. Based upon the 2-stringing representation of the resurrected chain, we supply a stationary representation of the killed and the absorbed chains. The entropies of these representations have a clear meaning when o

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2

Minh, Do L., and R. Bhaskar. "Analyzing linear recursive projects as an absorbing chain." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2006 (February 23, 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds/2006/84735.

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Hardie (2001) used general Markov chains to study the linear “recursive projects” in which some activities may be revisited after a later activity is completed. In this paper, we propose that it is better to treat the project as an absorbing chain. This allows us to calculate the expected value and the variance of the project duration.

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3

Gast, Nicolas, and Bruno Gaujal. "Computing absorbing times via fluid approximations." Advances in Applied Probability 49, no. 3 (2017): 768–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2017.21.

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AbstractIn this paper we compute the absorbing timeTnof ann-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain comprisingncomponents, each with an absorbing state and evolving in mutual exclusion. We show that the random absorbing timeTnis well approximated by a deterministic timetnthat is the first time when a fluid approximation of the chain approaches the absorbing state at a distance 1 /n. We provide an asymptotic expansion oftnthat uses the spectral decomposition of the kernel of the chain as well as the asymptotic distribution ofTn, relying on extreme values theory. We show the applicability of this

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4

Boumi, Shahab, and Adan Ernesto Vela. "Improving Graduation Rate Estimates Using Regularly Updating Multi-Level Absorbing Markov Chains." Education Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120377.

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American universities use a procedure based on a rolling six-year graduation rate to calculate statistics regarding their students’ final educational outcomes (graduating or not graduating). As an alternative to the six-year graduation rate method, many studies have applied absorbing Markov chains for estimating graduation rates. In both cases, a frequentist approach is used. For the standard six-year graduation rate method, the frequentist approach corresponds to counting the number of students who finished their program within six years and dividing by the number of students who entered that

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5

Yu, Pyung Il. "An instructive example of absorbing Markov chain." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 27, no. 3 (1996): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739960270310.

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6

Kim, Yongseok, Soyoung Park, and Jeonghee Chi. "Absorbing Markov chain-based roadside units deployment." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 9 (2016): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2016.6444.

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7

Hanoon, Wafaa H., Mustafa B. Salman, and KHAOLA ABDULHAMID SALEM. "Fuzzy Soc–Small Two-Absorbing Modules and Related Concepts." Babylonian Journal of Mathematics 2024 (December 12, 2024): 198–204. https://doi.org/10.58496/bjm/2024/020.

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This study presents the fuzzy socle small two-Absorbing module and compares it to other fuzzy modules, including fuzzy small prime, fuzzy small two-Absorbing, and fuzzy two-Absorbing. Numerous aspects found during the investigation and discussion supported the new ideas, which fall within the fuzzy hollow, fuzzy chain, and fuzzy multiplication module classes. Discuss the connection between this concept and the fuzzy socle small two-Absorbing ideal. To create a new fuzzy socle small two-Absorbing, these findings are required.

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Yang, Jinwei, and Yu Yang. "Optimal Security Protection Selection Strategy Based on Markov Model Attack Graph." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2132, no. 1 (2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2132/1/012020.

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Abstract Intrusion intent and path prediction are important for security administrators to gain insight into the possible threat behavior of attackers. Existing research has mainly focused on path prediction in ideal attack scenarios, yet the ideal attack path is not always the real path taken by an intruder. In order to accurately and comprehensively predict the path information of network intrusion, a multi-step attack path prediction method based on absorbing Markov chains is proposed. Firstly, the node state transfer probability normalization algorithm is designed by using the nil posterio

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9

Udom, Akaninyene Udo. "An absorbing Markov chain in labour system planning." International Journal of Operational Research 18, no. 2 (2013): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2013.056106.

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10

Chae, Kyung C., and Tae S. Kim. "Reversed absorbing Markov chain: A simple path approach." Operations Research Letters 16, no. 1 (1994): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(94)90020-5.

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11

Teslenko, Victor I., and Oleksiy L. Kapitanchuk. "Multimodal dynamics of nonhomogeneous absorbing Markov chains evolving at stochastic transition rates." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 11 (2020): 2050105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220501052.

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The Tokuyama–Mori projection operator method for a reduced time-convolutionless description of a local temporal behavior of an open quantum system interacting with the weakly dissipative and fluctuating pervasive environment is applied to a Markov chain subject to random transition probabilities. The solution to the problem of the multimodal dynamics of a two-stage absorbing Markov chain with the fluctuating forward rate constant augmented by a symmetric dichotomous stochastic process is found exactly and compared with that of the problem for the same Markov chain with the fluctuating backward

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12

Gudimenko, A. I., and A. V. Lihosherstov. "The problem of vibrations in a harmonic chain with damping and anti-damping on the boundaries." Dal'nevostochnyi Matematicheskii Zhurnal 23, no. 2 (2023): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47910/femj202314.

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The problem of oscillations in a finite homogeneous chain of coupled harmonic oscillators is considered under special boundary conditions that ensure a stable flow of energy from one end of the chain to the other. The problem covers, as special cases, the classical problem of oscillations in a chain with free and fixed ends, as well as the problem of oscillations in a chain with absorbing and anti-absorbing boundaries. Absorbing boundary conditions are used in numerical simulation of wave propagation to minimize the influence of non-physical boundaries. An exact analytical solution to the cons

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13

Igboanugo, A. C. "Application of Markov Chain Model to Corporate Manpower Planning: A Nigeria Local Government Hub Example." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.514.

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A corporate manpower planning study, seeking to gain insight into, and hence, attempt tounwrapthe wider meanings of a long-run manpower practice inherent in a set of data obtained from one of the 774 Local Government Organizations in Nigeria, was conducted. The data which spanned over a period of twenty years, relate to six states recruitment, staff stock, training, interdiction, wastage, and retirement and, in particular were found to possess Markov properties, especially stochastic regularity, and therefore had absorbing Markov Chain model fitted into the set. Our results suggest that staff

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14

Ferrari, Pablo A., Servet Martínez, and Pierre Picco. "Existence of non-trivial quasi-stationary distributions in the birth-death chain." Advances in Applied Probability 24, no. 4 (1992): 795–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427713.

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We study conditions for the existence of non-trivial quasi-stationary distributions for the birth-and-death chain with 0 as absorbing state. We reduce our problem to a continued fractions one that can be solved by using extensions of classical results of this theory. We also prove that there exist normalized quasi-stationary distributions if and only if 0 is geometrically absorbing.

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Ferrari, Pablo A., Servet Martínez, and Pierre Picco. "Existence of non-trivial quasi-stationary distributions in the birth-death chain." Advances in Applied Probability 24, no. 04 (1992): 795–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800024952.

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We study conditions for the existence of non-trivial quasi-stationary distributions for the birth-and-death chain with 0 as absorbing state. We reduce our problem to a continued fractions one that can be solved by using extensions of classical results of this theory. We also prove that there exist normalized quasi-stationary distributions if and only if 0 is geometrically absorbing.

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16

Gerontidis, Ioannis I. "Semi-Markov Replacement Chains." Advances in Applied Probability 26, no. 3 (1994): 728–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427818.

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We consider an absorbing semi-Markov chain for which each time absorption occurs there is a resetting of the chain according to some initial (replacement) distribution. The new process is a semi-Markov replacement chain and we study its properties in terms of those of the imbedded Markov replacement chain. A time-dependent version of the model is also defined and analysed asymptotically for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic. The results contribute to the control theory of semi-Markov chains and extend in a natural manner a wide variety of applied probabilit

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17

Gerontidis, Ioannis I. "Semi-Markov Replacement Chains." Advances in Applied Probability 26, no. 03 (1994): 728–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800026525.

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We consider an absorbing semi-Markov chain for which each time absorption occurs there is a resetting of the chain according to some initial (replacement) distribution. The new process is a semi-Markov replacement chain and we study its properties in terms of those of the imbedded Markov replacement chain. A time-dependent version of the model is also defined and analysed asymptotically for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic. The results contribute to the control theory of semi-Markov chains and extend in a natural manner a wide variety of applied probabilit

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18

CHEN, PEI-DE, and R. L. TWEEDIE. "Orthogonal measures and absorbing sets for Markov chains." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 121, no. 1 (1997): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004196008985.

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For a general state space Markov chain on a space (X, [Bscr ](X)), the existence of a Doeblin decomposition, implying the state space can be written as a countable union of absorbing ‘recurrent’ sets and a transient set, is known to be a consequence of several different conditions all implying in some way that there is not an uncountable collection of absorbing sets. These include([Mscr ]) there exists a finite measure which gives positive mass to each absorbing subset of X;([Gscr ]) there exists no uncountable collection of points (xα) such that the measures Kθ(xα, ·)[colone ](1−θ)ΣPn(xα, ·)θ

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19

Lorek, Paweł. "Antiduality and Möbius monotonicity: generalized coupon collector problem." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 23 (2019): 739–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2019004.

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For a given absorbing Markov chain X* on a finite state space, a chain X is a sharp antidual of X* if the fastest strong stationary time (FSST) of X is equal, in distribution, to the absorption time of X*. In this paper, we show a systematic way of finding such an antidual based on some partial ordering of the state space. We use a theory of strong stationary duality developed recently for Möbius monotone Markov chains. We give several sharp antidual chains for Markov chain corresponding to a generalized coupon collector problem. As a consequence – utilizing known results on the limiting distr

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20

Csenki, Attila. "The joint distribution of sojourn times in finite Markov processes." Advances in Applied Probability 24, no. 1 (1992): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427733.

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Rubino and Sericola (1989c) derived expressions for the mth sojourn time distribution associated with a subset of the state space of a homogeneous irreducible Markov chain for both the discrete- and continuous-parameter cases. In the present paper, it is shown that a suitable probabilistic reasoning using absorbing Markov chains can be used to obtain respectively the probability mass function and the cumulative distribution function of the joint distribution of the first m sojourn times. A concise derivation of the continuous-time result is achieved by deducing it from the discrete-time formul

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21

Csenki, Attila. "The joint distribution of sojourn times in finite Markov processes." Advances in Applied Probability 24, no. 01 (1992): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800024204.

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Rubino and Sericola (1989c) derived expressions for the mth sojourn time distribution associated with a subset of the state space of a homogeneous irreducible Markov chain for both the discrete- and continuous-parameter cases. In the present paper, it is shown that a suitable probabilistic reasoning using absorbing Markov chains can be used to obtain respectively the probability mass function and the cumulative distribution function of the joint distribution of the first m sojourn times. A concise derivation of the continuous-time result is achieved by deducing it from the discrete-time formul

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22

Michael, Gr. Voskoglou. "Applications of Finite Markov Chains to Artificial Intelligence." International Journal of Innovation (IJInn) ISSN:0975 – 9808 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3662434.

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Applications of Finite Markov Chains to Artificial Intelligence Michael Gr. Voskoglou Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Technological Applications,  Graduate Technological Educational Sciences Institute of Western Greece, Patras, Greece Email: voskoglou@teiwest.gr ; mvoskoglou@gmail.com  IJINN (2020), 10(1):1-10 ABSTRACT: The theory of MCs is a smart combination of Linear Algebra and Probability theory offering ideal conditions for the study and mathematical modelling of situations depending on random variables and finding important applications to problems of Artificial

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23

Vinklárek, Ivo S., Jiří Suchan, Jozef Rakovský, et al. "Energy partitioning and spin–orbit effects in the photodissociation of higher chloroalkanes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 26 (2021): 14340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01371h.

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Photodissociation of the C–Cl bond in chloroalkanes probed by ab initio simulations and velocity map imaging identify the alkyl chain as a soft energy absorbing unit and an increasing role of spin–orbit coupling with the alkyl chain prolongation.

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Qi, Xiaosi, Jianle Xu, Wei Zhong, and Youwei Du. "Synthesis of high purity chain-like carbon nanospheres in ultrahigh yield, and their microwave absorption properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 21 (2015): 16010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09321f.

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In the article, we report a simple approach for the mass production of chain-like CNSs over Fe/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. And ultrahigh yields (309) of CNCs were reported, and the as-synthesized chain-like CNSs exhibit good microwave absorbing ability.

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25

Kostoska, Olivera, Viktor Stojkoski, and Ljupco Kocarev. "On the Structure of the World Economy: An Absorbing Markov Chain Approach." Entropy 22, no. 4 (2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040482.

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The expansion of global production networks has raised many important questions about the interdependence among countries and how future changes in the world economy are likely to affect the countries’ positioning in global value chains. We are approaching the structure and lengths of value chains from a completely different perspective than has been available so far. By assigning a random endogenous variable to a network linkage representing the number of intermediate sales/purchases before absorption (final use or value added), the discrete-time absorbing Markov chains proposed here shed new

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Coolen-Schrijner, Pauline, Andrew Hart, and Phil Pollett. "Quasistationarity of continuous-time Markov chains with positive drift." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 41, no. 4 (2000): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000011735.

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AbstractWe shall study continuous-time Markov chains on the nonnegative integers which are both irreducible and transient, and which exhibit discernible stationarity before drift to infinity “sets in”. We will show how this ‘quasi’ stationary behaviour can be modelled using a limiting conditional distribution: specifically, the limiting state probabilities conditional on not having left 0 for the last time. By way of a dual chain, obtained by killing the original process on last exit from 0, we invoke the theory of quasistationarity for absorbing Markov chains. We prove that the conditioned st

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Zhang, Lihe, Jianwu Ai, Bowen Jiang, Huchuan Lu, and Xiukui Li. "Saliency Detection via Absorbing Markov Chain With Learnt Transition Probability." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 27, no. 2 (2018): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2766787.

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Zhang, Wenjie, Qingyu Xiong, Weiren Shi, and Shuhan Chen. "Region saliency detection via multi-feature on absorbing Markov chain." Visual Computer 32, no. 3 (2015): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1065-3.

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Kim, Woo-sung, Hyunsang Eom, and Youngsung Kwon. "Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Connected Energy Storage System Using Markov Chain Models." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073837.

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This study improves an approach for Markov chain-based photovoltaic-coupled energy storage model in order to serve a more reliable and sustainable power supply system. In this paper, two Markov chain models are proposed: Embedded Markov and Absorbing Markov chain. The equilibrium probabilities of the Embedded Markov chain completely characterize the system behavior at a certain point in time. Thus, the model can be used to calculate important measurements to evaluate the system such as the average availability or the probability when the battery is fully discharged. Also, Absorbing Markov chai

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Chen, Cong, Haitao Dong, Jiayuan Wang, et al. "A General Way to Fabricate Chain-like Ferrite with Ultralow Conductive Percolation Threshold and Wideband Absorbing Ability." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (2022): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091603.

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The magnetic nanochain-like material has been regards as one of the most promising electromagnetic (EM) absorbing material but remains a challenging. Herein, magnetic chain-like ferrite (included Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) are successfully produced through a general solvothermal method, using PVP as the structural-liking agent. Experimental results confirm the ultimate sample possess a 3-dimensional chain-like structure which are constructed by numerous ferrite’s nanoparticles with ~60 nm in diameter. Their electromagnetic parameters can be also manipulated by such a chain structure, especial

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Wu, Jiajia, Guangliang Han, Peixun Liu, Hang Yang, Huiyuan Luo, and Qingqing Li. "Saliency Detection with Bilateral Absorbing Markov Chain Guided by Depth Information." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030838.

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The effectiveness of depth information in saliency detection has been fully proved. However, it is still worth exploring how to utilize the depth information more efficiently. Erroneous depth information may cause detection failure, while non-salient objects may be closer to the camera which also leads to erroneously emphasis on non-salient regions. Moreover, most of the existing RGB-D saliency detection models have poor robustness when the salient object touches the image boundaries. To mitigate these problems, we propose a multi-stage saliency detection model with the bilateral absorbing Mar

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Teslenko, V. I. "Fourth-Order Differential Equation for a Two-Stage Absorbing Markov Chain with a Stochastic Forward Transition Probability." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 62, no. 4 (2017): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe62.04.0349.

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Abduallah, Enas H., and Mahmoud Saed Asbeetah. "The application of the absorbing Markov chain in analysing the movement of the students on the faculty of science-university of Tobruk." International Science and Technology Journal 36, no. 1 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.62341/ehms1154.

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The research presented the application of the absorbing Markov chain as a method of stochastic process in analysis the movement of students of the faculty of science at the University of Tobruk between (2012/2013-2023/2024). The results showed that the annual average number of graduations is 94 and the annual graduation rate is 72% according to the enrolment of enrolment students this year. In addition, the average time of 67% freshman, 82% sophomore, 91% junior and 96%senior to stay at faculty science plus the current year until obtaining a bachelor's degree (graduation) is (three, two, one a

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Mendelsohn, Morris A., Francis W. Navish, and Dongsik Kim. "Characteristics of a Series of Energy-Absorbing Polyurethane Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 5 (1985): 997–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536110.

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Abstract Compositional effects were measured on a series of polyurethanes prepared by extending MDI-terminated PTMG prepolymers with dihydric alcohols and MCHDI-terminated prepolymers with diamines. The tensile and compressive stiffness and hysteretic loss increased while the resilience decreased with a decrease in the isocyanate equivalent weight of the prepolymer. Polyol chain extenders having an aromatic structure provided greater rigidity and increase in temperature on compressive cycling than did their aliphatic counterparts. Structural linearity and symmetry of both the aliphatic and aro

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Pratap, Amrita, Vijit Chaturvedi, and Prachi Bhat. "Lensing to employee attrition rate and internal movement in an organization: Application and intervention through Markov chain." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 26, no. 5 (2023): 1337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jsms-1191.

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The objective of the paper is to apply Absorbing Markov chain model in the study of employees’ attrition rate of an organisation over a discrete time interval. This requires transition probability matrix to be stochastic and Markov network to have at least one ‘absorbing state’. The paper addresses this problem by associating the employees leaving the organisation with a state, hereafter called ‘ exit state’, which is ascribed to ‘the absorbing state’. The physical interpretation of the probabilistic characteristic of an absorbing state logically relates it to a ‘void’ . The state of ‘void’ ha

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Gamboa, Maria, and Maria Lopez-Herrero. "On the Number of Periodic Inspections During Outbreaks of Discrete-Time Stochastic SIS Epidemic Models." Mathematics 6, no. 8 (2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math6080128.

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This paper deals with an infective process of type SIS, taking place in a closed population of moderate size that is inspected periodically. Our aim is to study the number of inspections that find the epidemic process still in progress. As the underlying mathematical model involves a discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) with a single absorbing state, the number of inspections in an outbreak is a first-passage time into this absorbing state. Cumulative probabilities are numerically determined from a recursive algorithm and expected values came from explicit expressions.

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Maw, Swe Zar, Thi Thi Zin, Pyke Tin, Ikuo Kobayashi, and Yoichiro Horii. "An Absorbing Markov Chain Model to Predict Dairy Cow Calving Time." Sensors 21, no. 19 (2021): 6490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196490.

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Abnormal behavioral changes in the regular daily mobility routine of a pregnant dairy cow can be an indicator or early sign to recognize when a calving event is imminent. Image processing technology and statistical approaches can be effectively used to achieve a more accurate result in predicting the time of calving. We hypothesize that data collected using a 360-degree camera to monitor cows before and during calving can be used to establish the daily activities of individual pregnant cows and to detect changes in their routine. In this study, we develop an augmented Markov chain model to pre

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Qian, Congyi, Xiaohui Liang, Mei Wu, and Xingxin Zhang. "Lightweight Chain-Typed Magnetic Fe3O4@rGO Composites with Enhanced Microwave-Absorption Properties." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (2022): 3699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203699.

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A lightweight microwave-absorbing material with a strong electromagnetic-absorption capability of practical significance in the field of electromagnetic compatibility was obtained by adjusting the ratio of Fe3O4 and rGO. A nanoparticle material with a chain-typed structure consisting of a combination of Fe3O4 and rGO was produced by a hydrothermal method under an applied magnetic field. The electromagnetic loss property of the Fe3O4@rGO composites is studied in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. In addition, the reflection loss and the mechanism of microwave absorption are explored. By chan

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Kim, Gak-Gyu, Seungwon Baek, and Bong-Kyu Yoon. "A Reliability Redundancy Optimization Problem with Continuous Time Absorbing Markov Chain." Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 39, no. 4 (2013): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7232/jkiie.2013.39.4.290.

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Liu, Xiuping, Pingping Tao, Junjie Cao, He Chen, and Changqing Zou. "Mesh saliency detection via double absorbing Markov chain in feature space." Visual Computer 32, no. 9 (2015): 1121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1184-x.

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Huang, Wen-Tso, and Cheng-Chang Lu. "An enhanced absorbing Markov chain model for predicting TAIEX Index Futures." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 47, no. 1 (2017): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2017.1300281.

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42

Watanabe, Itsuki. "Markov Chain Approximation for Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equation with Absorbing Boundary." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 62, no. 2 (2024): 1152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/23m1565723.

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Valakevičius, Eimutis, Mindaugas Bražėnas, and Tomas Ruzgas. "Comparison of Continuous-Time Partial Markov Chain Construction by Heuristic Algorithms for Purpose of Approximate Transient Analysis." Mathematics 13, no. 2 (2025): 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13020274.

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We investigate the construction of a partial absorbing continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) using a heuristic algorithm aimed at approximate transient analysis. The accuracy of transient state probabilities is indicated by the probability of absorbing state(s) at the specified time moment. A key challenge is the construction of a partial CTMC that minimizes the probability of reaching the absorbing state(s). The generation of all possible partial CTMCs is too computationally demanding, in general. Thus, we turn to investigation of heuristic algorithms that chose to include one state at a time b

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Tu, Qisheng, Dongdong Cai, Lixin Wang, et al. "Side-chain engineering of diindenocarbazole-based large bandgap copolymers toward high performance polymer solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 25 (2016): 6160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01778a.

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Diindenocarbazole-based large bandgap polymers were designed and synthesized as short wavelength absorbing materials for PSCs exhibiting an efficiency up to 7.34% and a V<sub>oc</sub> as large as 0.95 V.

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Buckman, Akuffo, Okae –. Adjei Samuel, and Baah Paul. "A Markov Chain Model Approach to Study Academic Promotions in Ghanaian Universities." Asian Research Journal of Mathematics 5, no. 2 (2017): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJOM/2017/34046.

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Promotions of academic staff in universities and analogous institutions remain crucial to the attainment of economic, environmental and societal objectives nationally and globally. Notwithstanding the benefits to institutions and individuals, little literature is available on outlay of promotions in universities in Ghana. This paper seeks to model promotions in Ghanaians universities as stochastic process to determine the underlining stochasticness under different conditions. Stochastic model with emphasis on the an absorbing Markov Chain, presented in its canonical form, was used to estimate

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Brezavšček, Alenka, Mirjana Pejić Bach, and Alenka Baggia. "Markov Analysis of Students’ Performance and Academic Progress in Higher Education." Organizacija 50, no. 2 (2017): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0006.

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Abstract Background: The students’ progression towards completing their higher education degrees possesses stochastic characteristics, and can therefore be modelled as an absorbing Markov chain. Such application would have a high practical value and offer great opportunities for implementation in practice. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to develop a stochastic model for estimation and continuous monitoring of various quality and effectiveness indicators of a given higher education study programme. Method: The study programme is modelled by a finite Markov chain with five transient and two

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Kishida, Masao, and Shizue Yoshihara. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s Response to Dysprosium Exposure." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4426. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084426.

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Lanthanide biosorption is important for recycling value-added materials. Previously, we analyzed dysprosium (Dy) absorption in screening strains of the unpopular yeast species Schizoblastosporion sp. However, it would be more desirable to use the well-known yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to make an easy-to-breed and efficient Dy-absorbing strain. Thus, we analyzed the physiological response and gene regulation of S. cerevisiae under Dy-absorbing conditions. The Dy content was measured using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Transcriptional regulation was com

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Itoh, Sohta, and Eiji Hato. "Absorbing Markov Chain Traffic Flow Assignment Using a Dynamic Route Choice Model." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 48, no. 3 (2013): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.48.447.

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Patra, Pradipta, and U. Dinesh Kumar. "Analysing performance-based contract for manufacturing systems using absorbing state Markov chain." International Journal of Advanced Operations Management 9, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaom.2017.085631.

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Patra, Pradipta, and U. Dinesh Kumar. "Analysing performance-based contract for manufacturing systems using absorbing state Markov chain." International Journal of Advanced Operations Management 9, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaom.2017.10006423.

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