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1
Fedorčák, Pavol, Danica Košičanová, Richard Nagy, and Peter Mlynár. "Solar Cooling in Slovakia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.286.
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Up to now, developed absorption refrigeration units with a great power from 30 to 6000 kW were not usable for smaller objects but only for the industrial buildings and the objects of a major character. The development of the sorption cooler with low-power (2-20kW) is a modern subject of research. One of the possibilities of alternative energy production is to use the Sun as an inexhaustible source of energy to power absorption unit. The research is based on an experimental device (absorption units with a performance of 10kW) developed at the STU in Bratislava (currently inputs and outputs of cold sources are being measured). Outputs in this paper are processed so that they connect the entire scheme of the solar absorption cooling system (i.e. the relationship between the solar systems hot and cold storage and the absorption unit).
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Fedorčák, Pavol, Danica Košičanová, Richard Nagy, and Peter Mlynár. "Analysis of the Solar Radiation Impact on Cooling Performance of the Absorption Chiller." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2014-0020.
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Abstract Absorption cooling at low power is a new technology which has not yet been applied to current conditioning elements. This paper analyzes the various elements of solar absorption cooling. Individual states were simulated in which working conditions were set for the capability of solar absorption cooling to balance heat loads in the room. The research is based on an experimental device (absorption units with a performance of 10kW) developed at the STU in Bratislava (currently inputs and outputs of cold sources are being measured). Outputs in this paper are processed so that they connect the entire scheme of the solar absorption cooling system (i.e. the relationship between the solar systems hot and cold storage and the absorption unit). To determine the size of the storage required, calculated cooling for summer months is considered by the ramp rate of the absorption unit and required flow rate of the collectors.
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Роман Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной, and Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко. "ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РЕЗЕРВУ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ АБСОРБЦІЙНОЇ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ В БУСТЕРНОМУ ПОВІТРООХОЛОДЖУВАЧІ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.1.07.
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The processes of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling by absorption lithium-bromide chiller utilizing the turbine exhaust gas waste heat as athermotransformer has been analyzed for hour-by-hour changing ambient air temperatures and changeable heat loads on the air cooler as consequence. The computer programs of the firms-producers of heat exchangers were used for gas turbine unit inlet air cooling processes simulation. It is shown that at decreased heat loads on the air cooler an excessive refrigeration capacity of the absorption lithium-bromidechiller exceeding current heat loads is generated which can be used for covering increased heat loads on the air cooler and to reduce the refrigeration capacity of the absorption lithium-bromidechiller applied. To solve this task the refrigeration capacity required for gas turbine unit inlet air cooling is compared with an excessive refrigeration capacity of the absorption lithium-bromidechiller exceeding current heat loads summarized during 10 days of July 2015. The system of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling with a buster stage of precooling air and a base stage of cooling air to the temperature of about 15 °C by absorption lithium-bromide chiller has been proposed. An excessive refrigeration capacity of the absorption chiller generated during decreased heat loads on the gas turbine unit inlet air cooler that is collected in the thermal accumulator is used for gas turbine unit inlet air precooling in a buster stage of air cooler during increased heat loads on the air cooler. The results of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling processes simulation proved the reduction of refrigeration capacity of the absorption lithium-bromide chiller applied by 30-40 % due to the use of a buster stage of precooling air at the expanse of an excessive absorptionchiller refrigeration capacity served in the thermal accumulator. So the conclusion has been made about the efficient use of a buster stage of gas turbine unit inlet air cooler for precooling air by using an excessive refrigeration potential of absorption lithium-bromidechiller coolant saved in the thermal accumulator
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H. Ahmed, Mohamed. "Impact of Storage Tank Size and Backup Heating Unit on a Solar Absorption Cooling System." International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.17.01.005.
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Портной, Богдан Сергійович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Роман Миколайович Радченко, and Сергій Анатолійович Кантор. "ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕЗЕРВУ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ АБСОРБЦІЙНОЇ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ ПРИ ОХОЛОДЖЕННІ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.3.05.
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The processes of air cooling at the gas turbine unit inlet by absorption lithium-bromide chiller have been analyzed. The computer programs of firms-producers of heat exchangers were used for the gas turbine unit inlet air cooling processes simulation. The absorption lithium-bromide chiller refrigeration capacity reserve (the design heat load excess over the current heat loads) generated at the reduced current heat loads on the air coolers at the gas turbine unit inlet in accordance with the lowered ambient air parameters has been considered. The absorption lithium-bromide chiller refrigeration capacity reserve is expedient to use at increased heat load on the air cooler. To solve this problem the refrigeration capacity required for cooling air at the gas turbine unit inlet has been compared with the excessive absorption lithium-bromide chiller refrigeration capacity exceeding current heat loads during July 2017.The scheme of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling system with using the absorption lithium-bromide chiller refrigeration capacity reserve has been proposed. The proposed air cooling system provides gas turbine unit inlet air precooling in the air cooler booster stage by using the absorption lithium-bromide chiller excessive refrigeration capacity. The absorption chiller excessive refrigeration capacity generated during decreased heat loads on the gas turbine unit inlet air cooler is accumulated in the thermal storage. The results of simulation show the expediency of the gas turbine unit inlet air cooling by using the absorption lithium-bromide chiller refrigeration capacity reserve, which is generated at reduced thermal loads, for the air precooling in the air cooler booster stage. This solution provides the absorption lithium-bromide chiller installed (designed) refrigeration capacity and cost reduction by almost 30%. The solution to increase the efficiency of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling through using the absorption chiller excessive refrigeration potential accumulated in the thermal storage has been proposed.
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El-Ghalban, Ali R. "Operational results of an intermittent absorption cooling unit." International Journal of Energy Research 26, no. 9 (2002): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.822.
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, and Богдан Сергійович Портной. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ГРАДИРЕНЬ ВІДВЕДЕННЯ ТЕПЛОТИ У ПРОЦЕСАХ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ЕНЕРГОУСТАНОВОК." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.03.
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The air conditioning processes (heat-humidity treatment) at the inlet of energy units by heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms with heat removal cooling towers of the cooling system are studied on the example of a gas turbine unit. Two-stage air cooling is considered applying a two-stage combined type heat-energized refrigeration mechanism, which applies the exhaust gas heat of a gas turbine unit and which includes absorption lithium-bromide and refrigerant ejector refrigeration mechanism as steps to convert waste heat into cold. Based on the results of modeling the operation of the cooling complex of a gas turbine unit, data was obtained on current heat loads on heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms and cooling towers in accordance with the climatic conditions of operation with different distribution of project heat loads on the air cooling stages and, accordingly, on the transformation of waste heat into cold. Due to the fact that the heat load on the cooling towers depends on the efficiency of transformation of waste heat into cold (heat coefficients) by absorption lithium-bromide and refrigerant ejector refrigeration mechanisms, a rational distribution of the project heat loads to the absorption and ejector stages of a combined type heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms that provides reduce heat load on cooling towers. It is demonstrated that due to this approach to determining the rational heat load on the cooling towers of the cooling system, which consists of calculation the redistribution of heat load between the absorption lithium-bromide and refrigerant ejector cooling stages with different efficiency and transformation of waste heat (different heat coefficients) in accordance with current climate conditions, is possible to minimize the number of cooling with a corresponding reduction in capital expenditures on the air conditioning system at the inlet of gas turbine unit
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, and Ігор Петрович Єсін. "ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГЛИБОКОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ ТЕПЛОВИКОРИСТОВУЮЧИМИ ХОЛОДИЛЬНИМИ МАШИНАМИ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 6 (December 24, 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.02.
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Significant fluctuations in the current temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air lead to significant changes in the heat load on the air cooling system at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, which urgently poses the problem of choosing their design heat load, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the air cooling system for a certain period of time. The efficiency of deep air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units was studied with a change during July 2015–2018 for climatic conditions of operation at the compressor station Krasnopolie, Dnepropetrovsk region (Ukraine). For air cooling, the use of a waste heat recovery chiller, which transforms the heat of exhaust gases of gas turbine units into the cold, has been proposed. The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units for different temperatures has been analyzed: down to 15 °C – an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, which is used as the first high-temperature stage for pre-cooling of ambient air, and down to 10 °C – a combined absorption-ejector chiller (with using a refrigerant low-temperature air cooler as the second stage of air cooling). The effect of air-cooling was assessed by comparing the increase in the production of mechanical energy as a result of an increase in the power of a gas turbine unit and fuel saved during the month of July for 2015-2018 in accumulating. Deeper air cooling at the inlet of the gas turbine unit to a temperature of 10 °C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller compared to its traditional cooling to 15 °C in an absorption bromine-lithium chiller provides a greater increase in net power and fuel saved. It is shown that due to a slight discrepancy between the results obtained for 2015-2018, a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine plants can be carried out for one year.
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной, and Юрій Георгійович Щербак. "ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РЕЗЕРВУ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ АБСОРБЦІЙНО-ЕЖЕКТОРНОЇ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ В БУСТЕРНОМУ ПОВІТРООХОЛОДЖУВАЧІ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.2.02.
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The processes of gas turbine unit two-stage intake air cooling by absorption lithium-bromide chiller as a high temperature cooling stage to the temperature of about 15 °C and by refrigerant ejector chiller as a low temperature cooling stage to the temperature of about 10 °C through utilizing the turbine exhaust gas waste heat for hour-by-hour changing ambient air temperatures and changeable heat loads on the air coolers as consequence during 10 days of July 2017 (10–12.07.2017) for climatic conditions of the south of Ukraine are analyzed. The computer programs of the firms-producers of heat exchangers were used for gas turbine unit inlet air cooling processes simulation.It is shown that at decreased heat loads on the air coolers an excessive refrigeration capacity of combined absorption-ejector chiller exceeding current heat loads is generated which can be used for covering increased heat loads on the air coolers and to reduce the refrigeration capacity of the absorption-ejector chiller. To solve this task the refrigeration capacity required for gas turbine unit inlet air cooling is compared with an excessive refrigeration capacity of the absorption-ejector chiller exceeding current heat loads summarized during 10 days.The system of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling with a booster stage of precooling air and a base two-stage cooling air to the temperature of about 10 °C by absorption-ejector chiller has been proposed. An excessive refrigeration capacity of the absorption-ejector chiller generated during decreased heat loads on the gas turbine unit inlet air coolers that is collected in the thermal accumulator is used for gas turbine unit inlet air precooling in a booster stage of air coolers during increased heat loads on the air coolers. The results of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling processes simulation proved the reduction of refrigeration capacity of the absorption-ejector chiller by about 50 % due to the use of a booster stage for precooling air at the expanse of an excessive absorption-ejector chiller refrigeration capacity served in the thermal accumulator. The conclusion has been made about the efficient use of a booster stage of gas turbine unit inlet air cooler for precooling air by using an excessive refrigeration potential of absorption-ejector chiller saved in the thermal accumulator
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Bansal, N. K., J. Blumenberg, H. J. Kavasch, and T. Roettinger. "Performance testing and evaluation of solid absorption solar cooling unit." Solar Energy 61, no. 2 (August 1997): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(97)00010-8.
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Fumo, N., P. J. Mago, and L. M. Chamra. "Hybrid-cooling, combined cooling, heating, and power systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 223, no. 5 (May 8, 2009): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe709.
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Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have the ability to optimize fuel consumption by recovering thermal energy from the prime mover of the power generation unit (PGU). Design of a CCHP system requires consideration, among other variables, of CCHP system components size and type. This study focuses on the analysis of hybrid-cooling, heating, and power (hybrid-cooling CCHP) systems that have an absorption chiller (CH) and a vapour compression system to handle the cooling load. The effect of the size of both cooling mechanisms is analysed in conjunction with the PGU size and efficiency. For better energy performance analysis simulations, results are presented based on the building-CCHP system primary energy consumption (PEC). Hybrid-cooling CCHP systems yield higher primary energy reduction than CCHP systems with an absorption CH alone. To account for the effect of climate conditions, hot and cold climates were considered by performing simulations for Tampa and Chicago weather conditions. The results are presented in tabular form to show the value of the PEC reduction as a function of the PGU size and efficiency, and the size of the absorption CH.
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Радченко, Андрей Николаевич, Анатолий Анатольевич Зубарев, Алексей Валерьевич Остапенко, and Артем Викторович Грич. "ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕПЛОТЫ ГАЗОВОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ СТУПЕНЧАТОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЕЙ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.6.06.
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It was carried out the analysis of the heat utilization efficiency of the cogeneration module of the gas reciprocating engine with the cold produced by an absorption Li-Br chiller in an autonomous electric, heat and cold supply unit. It was revealed the presence of 30% heat losses of the total heat removed from the cogeneration gas reciprocating module and is due to the inconsistency of the joint operation modes of the absorption Li-Br chiller and the gas reciprocating engine. This inconsistency is caused by the contradictory conditions of their effective operation according to the temperature of the return coolant at the outlet of the absorption Li-Br chiller and at the entrance to the engine cooling system. The thermal state of the gas reciprocating engine is ensured by maintaining the temperature of the return (cooled) coolant not more than 70 °C at the inlet. At the same time, during the transformation of the coolant heat into the cold in an absorption Li-Br chiller, the temperature reducing in the machine is no more than 10 ... 15 °С, i.e. up to 75 ... 80 °С, if the temperature of the heat coolant at the outlet of the cogeneration gas reciprocating module (at the inlet of the absorption Li-Br chiller) is 90 °С. Due to the conflicting requirements for efficient operation of the gas reciprocating engine and absorption Li-Br chiller for the coolant temperature to maintain the temperature of the return coolant at the engine inlet at a safe level of 70 °C, it is additionally cooled in the "emergency heat release" cooling tower. It was studied the stage transformation of heat into cold applying ejector and absorption Li-Br chiller, and the evaporator section of the ejector chiller’s generator was on the coolant line before the absorption Li-Br chiller and the economizer section of the generator was on the coolant line after it. It was determined the dependence of the units’ cooling capacity increase on the thermal coefficient of the ejector chiller and the possibility of the unit’s cooling capacity increase by 10 ... 15% applying stage transformation of heat
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Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, and Ян Зонмін. "ПОРІВНЯННЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ГЛИБОКОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ ДЛЯ РІЗНОГО ТИПУ КЛІМАТУ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.1.02.
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The efficiency of deep air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units has been investigated for changed climatic conditions of operation during the month. For air cooling, the use of waste heat recovery chiller has been considered, which transform the heat of exhaust gases of gas turbine units into the cold. The efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to different temperatures has been analysed: to 15°C – an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, which is used as the first pre-cooling stage of ambient air and down to 10°C – a combined absorption-ejector chiller, with ejector refrigerant chiller as the second stage of air cooling.The air cooling efficiency is estimated for different climatic conditions: a temperate climate on the example of Odessa (Ukraine) and a subtropical climate for Guangzhou (China). The subtropical climate peculiarity of Guangzhou is the high relative humidity of the air, respectively, and its moisture contents at the same time its high temperatures. As an indicator, when evaluating the efficiency of air cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to 15°C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and deep cooling of air to 10°C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller, the specific fuel consumption reduced has been used. In this case, the needs for specific production of refrigeration capacity and specific capacity of cooling towers for cooling waste heat recovery chillers when cooling air to different temperatures are compared. It is shown that, through extremely different thermal and humidity parameters of ambient air, its cooling at the inlet of gas turbine units to 10ºС for the climatic conditions of Ukraine provides the current decrease in specific fuel consumption due to deeper cooling of the air at the inlet of the GTU in 1.6 ... 1.7 times compared with cooling to 15ºС, and for climatic conditions of the PRC - 1.4 ... 1.45 times. However, it should be noted that a deeper cooling of the air at the inlet of the gas turbine unit to a temperature of 10°C in a combined absorption-ejector chiller compared to its traditional cooling to 15°C in an absorption bromine-lithium chiller requires an increase in the required specific amount of cold by 1.7 ... 2, 0 times and the required specific capacity of cooling towers for cooling chillers by 2.6 ... 3.0 times for the climatic conditions of Ukraine, while for China - 1.25 ... 1.3 and 1.5 ... 1.6 times, respectively.
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Радченко, Роман Николаевич. "ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОНДЕНСАТА КАК СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕГО ПРОДУКТА ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА НА ВХОДЕ ГАЗОТУРБИННОЙ УСТАНОВКИ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.1.06.
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The processes of gas turbine unit inlet air cooling with generation of condensate as a subproduct were investigated. The heat-humidity processes in the two-stage air cooler of combined type with the first low temperature cooling stage were water with temperature of about 7 °C as a coolant for precooling air from the changeable ambient temperature to the temperature not lower than 15 °C is used and low temperature cooling stage with a refrigerant boiling at the temperature of 2-4 °C as a coolant for further deep cooling air to the temperature of about 10 °C by utilizing the exhaust gas waste heat in the absorption lithium-bromide chiller as the high temperature cooling stage and refrigerant ejector chiller as the low temperature cooling stage of the combined thermotransformer has been analyzed for daily changing ambient air temperatures and heat loads on the stages as consequence. The processes of generating the condensate as a subproduct of gas turbine unit intake air two-stage cooling were simulated by using the computer simulation programs of the firms-producers of heat equipment for more than twice decreased heat load upon the high temperature cooling stage as compared with a heat load upon the low temperature cooling stage. The data about amount of condensate extracted in each air cooler stage was summed up over a day, three days and July and its temperature was calculated. The results of calculation have shown that the temperature of condensate received in the refrigerant low temperature cooling stage are lower by about 4 °C as compared with its value for high temperature cooling stage with a chilled water temperature of 7 °C from absorption lithium-bromide chiller. It was also shown that inspite of intensive changeable current temperatures of condensate from each and both stages mean weighted values of temperature of condensate from both stages of a combined two-stage air cooler remained nearly unchangeable during days. A conclusion about using the condensate from low temperature cooling stage as a coolant has been made
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Titlov, Oleksandr, Daniyorbek Adambayev, and Oleg Vasyliv. "IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATION MODES OF THE EVAPORATOR OF THE ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING UNIT." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 4 (July 31, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001354.
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Absorption refrigeration units (ARU), which are part of absorption refrigeration devices (ARD) with a natural working fluid (water, ammonia and hydrogen) have a number of unique qualities. These qualities include: noiselessness, high reliability and long life; the possibility of using several energy sources in one device. At the same time, ARDs have increased energy consumption compared to similar compression models, and this does not allow them to expand their presence in the market of household refrigeration equipment. The ARU evaporator provides a predetermined temperature level in the chambers of the refrigeration appliance and the required cooling capacity. In this regard, it is relevant to search for the operating modes of the evaporator that provide the ARU maximum energy efficiency, which is the aim of this work. The thermal conditions of the direct-flow three-pipe design of the evaporator are simulated. The calculated ratio for a once-through evaporator is obtained taking into account the assumption of the adiabaticity of the evaporation process, when all the heat of the phase transition is used to cool the incoming flows of the purified vapor-gas mixture (VGM) and liquid ammonia to a minimum temperature. The analysis of the results of calculating the operating modes of the evaporator made it possible to determine the directions of ways to increase the energy efficiency of both the evaporator itself and the ARU in general: a) preliminary cooling of the purified VGM flow at the inlet of the adiabatic section of the evaporator with an under-recovery of up to 5 °C and up to 10 °C; b) preliminary cooling of the liquid ammonia flow at the inlet of the adiabatic section of the evaporator with an under-recovery of up to 5 °C for all ARU types; c) increasing the purification degree of the VGM flow in the absorber allows increasing the temperature of the purified VGM flow at the inlet of the adiabatic section of the evaporator by 4...6 °C, i. e. to reduce the costs of useful cooling capacity for pre-cooling by 10...15 %
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Zhou, Dong Yi, Chu Ping Shi, and Wen Hua Yuan. "Research on LiBr Absorption Refrigeration System Using Automotive Exhausted Heat." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2297.
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Based on the structure and characteristic of automotive refrigeration system and engine circulation cooling water system and exhausted waste heat system, combing the working principle of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, the authors used the automotive exhaust pipe and cooling water tank improved as the generator of the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, which might realize the objective using the lithium bromide absorption hot-cold water unit to replace the automobile air conditioning refrigeration and heating system and the automobile engine cooling system. The methods of the thermodynamics, the heat transfer, the hydrodynamics are used to do the computation of the thermodynamic and the heat transfer area of the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system. The result shows that it makes good use of exhausted heat of engine circulation cooling water and exhausted waste and reduces the consumption of oil. And structure is simple and compact for small heat transfer area of the automotive exhaust pipe and cooling water tank improved.
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Anand, Gopalakrishnan, Donald C. Erickson, and Ellen Makar. "Characterization of Ammonia–Water Absorption Chiller and Application." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500359.
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Ammonia-absorption refrigeration units (AARUS) can supply subfreezing refrigeration for many industrial applications. Such units are usually driven by waste heat or renewable energy at relatively low temperatures. The performance of the chiller is highly dependent on the temperatures of the driving heat, the chilling load, and the cooling water. In this paper, the performance of an advanced industrial-scale ammonia-absorption unit is modeled over a representative operating range. The performance is then characterized by a set of simple equations incorporating the three external temperatures. This simple model helps to evaluate potential applications, predict performance, and perform initial optimization. Case studies are presented highlighting the application of the model.
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Sen, Ozan, and Ceyhun Yilmaz. "Thermoeconomic Cost Analysis of Solar and Geothermal Energy Powered Cooling and Power Cogeneration." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.114.
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In this study, geothermal and solar energy assisted cogeneration energy system has been modeled to supply residences' electricity and cooling requirements. The geothermal water from the geothermal resource and the heat transfer fluid heated in the parabolic collector is used as the heat source in the absorption cooling system. Electricity is generated in the binary power plant with geothermal water and heat transfer fluid from the absorption cooling system. The generated electricity is supplied to the grid. Thermoeconomic analysis of the system is performed by using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program by using geothermal and solar energy values of Afyonkarahisar. The geothermal resource's temperature and mass flow in the system is 130 ºC and 85 kg/s, respectively. The parabolic trough collector operates in the range of monthly average solar radiation values (500-600 W/m2) calculated for the summer season, where cooling is planned. The LiBr-H2O solution is chosen as the refrigerant of the absorption cooling system. The system's parametric study is performed by considering the different geothermal resource temperatures and solar radiation values. According to these results, the unit electricity and unit cooling costs produced in the system will be investigated. The optimum working conditions are investigated in producing and using the energy form (electricity-cooling) requirements.
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Kocúr, Vladimír, and Jozef Šuriansky. "Simulations and Modelling of Absorption Cooling Unit by Means of Peltier Module." Transactions of the VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Mechanical Series 57, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22223/tr.2011-1/1847.
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Радченко, Роман Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, and Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "ОТРИМАННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОНДЕНСАТУ ПРИ ОХОЛОДЖЕННІ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ЕНЕРГОУСТАНОВКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМА СЕПАРАЦІЇ КРАПЕЛЬНОЇ ВОЛОГИ З АЕРОЗОЛЬНОЇ СУМІШІ В ГРАДИРНЯХ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.04.
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The processes of heat-humidity treatment (cooling with dehumidification) of air in a two-stage air cooling system at the inlet of a gas turbine unit applying a combined type heat-energized refrigeration mechanism, which consists of an absorption lithium-bromide high-temperature refrigeration mechanism to approximately 15 °C and a refrigerant ejector low-temperature refrigeration mechanism to 10 °С and below, which transform the heat of exhaust gases from gas turbine unit to the cold with the production of condensate in air cooling system as a by-product of air cooling has been analyzed. The analysis was carried out for the climatic conditions of the south of Ukraine. The heat removal from the condensers and the absorber of the heat-energized refrigeration mechanism are carried out with open wet cooling towers. Based on the distribution of the heat load on the steps of the two-stage air cooling system and the heat coefficients of the heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms, the project load on the cooling towers was determined and their number was selected. Based on the results of modeling of the operation of the air cooling system at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, were obtained data from the current and total amount of condensate that falls in the air cooling system during the condensation of water vapor, which is always contained in moist air, as well as the amount of water needed to feed an open cooling tower. In this case, only water losses due to mechanical removal (without taking into account its evaporation in cooling towers) were considered, which poses the problem of separation of droplet moisture from the aerosol mixture. As a result of comparing the amount of water needed to feed the cooling towers, on the one hand, and the amount of condensate obtained in the process of air cooling at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, on the other hand, was demonstrated that it is possible to partially satisfy the necessary water needs for cooling towers. A scheme of two-stage air cooling system at the inlet of a gas turbine unit with absorption lithium-bromide and refrigerant ejector refrigeration mechanism and wet cooling towers is proposed, to discharge heat from heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms, to produce condensate as a by-product of air cooling, and apply it to feed cooling towers
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Портной, Богдан Сергійович. "КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГАЗОТУРБІННОЇ УСТАНОВКИ З ВИЗНАЧЕННЯМ ЙОГО РАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ШВИДКОСТІ В ПОВІТРООХОЛОДЖУВАЧІ." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2018.3.04.
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It is proposed to determine the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers of a stepped a waste heat-recovery absorption-ejector chiller utilizing the heat of exhaust gases of a gas turbine unit to cool the air at the inlet, by computer simulation of air processes processing. Whereas the result of air cooling depends on the efficiency of the air coolers at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, it is proposed to determine it as an increase in the specific fuel economy, which consider both the cooling depth (the magnitude of the temperature decrease) of the air and the air resistance of the air cooler, which significantly affects the efficiency of operation cooling devices. On the example of air cooling at the inlet of a gas turbine unit has been analyzed the value of specific fuel economy by cooling the air at the inlet to a temperature of 10 °C in a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the rational airflow rate through the cooling units (air coolers). The efficiency of the air coolers at different air flow rates has been analyzed.It is shown that proceeding from the different rate of increment in the specific fuel economy caused by the change in the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers of chillers, it is necessary to choose a design (rational) the rational velocity of air flow that ensures the achievement of a maximum or close to the maximum increase in the specific fuel economy at relatively high rates increments. In order to determine the established the rational velocity of air flow through the air coolers, which provides the maximum increment of the specific fuel economy, the dependence of the increment of the specific fuel economy on the airflow velocity is analyzed. Based on the results of modeling air cooling processes at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, using software from firms that produce heat exchange equipment, it is proposed to determine the rational velocity of air through the air coolers, which ensures a close maximum specific fuel economy at relatively high rates of its increment
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Marques, Adriano da S., Monica Carvalho, Álvaro A. V. Ochoa, Ronelly J. Souza, and Carlos A. C. dos Santos. "Exergoeconomic Assessment of a Compact Electricity-Cooling Cogeneration Unit." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 5417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205417.
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This study applies the SPecific Exergy COsting (SPECO) methodology for the exergoeconomic assessment of a compact electricity-cooling cogeneration system. The system utilizes the exhaust gases from a 126 hp Otto-cycle internal combustion engine (ICE) to drive a 5 RT ammonia–water absorption refrigeration unit. Exergy destruction is higher in the ICE (67.88%), followed by the steam generator (14.46%). Considering the cost of destroyed exergy plus total cost rate of equipment, the highest values are found in the ICE, followed by the steam generator. Analysis of relative cost differences and exergoeconomic factors indicate that improvements should focus on the steam generator, evaporator, and absorber. The cost rate of the fuel consumed by the combustion engine is 12.84 USD/h, at a specific exergy cost of 25.76 USD/GJ. The engine produces power at a cost rate of 10.52 USD/h and specific exergy cost of 64.14 USD/GJ. Cooling refers to the chilled water from the evaporator at a cost rate of 0.85 USD/h and specific exergy cost of 84.74 USD/GJ. This study expands the knowledge base regarding the exergoeconomic assessment of compact combined cooling and power systems.
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Rasaq Adekunle, Olabomi, Abu Bakar Jaafar, Md Nor Musa, and Amir A. Saad. "Adapting Temperate Crops to Tropical Lowland through Solar Thermal Chilled Water Soil Cooling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 818 (January 2016): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.818.231.
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The availability of most temperate crops is a function of changing season. Thus, their insufficient global supply and consequent seasonal do cause increase in prices. The effect is more pronounced in the tropical countries that too depend on importation of these crops because of unfavorable soil condition to cultivate them (due to high soil temperature). Growing these crops in the tropics requires soil temperature to be as low as it is in the temperate climate. Soil cooling with chilled water from the combined organic rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles presented in this paper aims at utilization of virtutl “free” solar thermal energy as input to run combined organic rankine and absorption refrigeration plant and producing chilled water as output for soil cooling process. The technical feasibility is established based on the overall value of coefficient of performance (COP) and the estimated area of solar collector per unit cooling load while the economic viability is established based on capital and operating costs to be incurred per unit cooling load.
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Titlov, Oleksandr, Oleg Vasyliv, Tetiana Sahala, and Nataliia Bilenko. "EVALUATION OF THE PROSPECTS FOR PRELIMINARY COOLING OF NATURAL GAS ON MAIN PIPELINES BEFORE COMPRESSION THROUGH THE DISCHARGE OF EXHAUST HEAT OF GAS-TURBINE UNITS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 17, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00978.
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For the transportation of natural gas through pipelines, gas pumping units (GPU) are installed at numerous compressor stations (CS), the energy carrier for which, in most cases, is transported natural gas. 0.5 ... 1.5 % of the volume of transported gas is consumed (burned) by the pumping unit drive. The situation with the replacement of existing equipment with modern equipment is associated with significant investments, on the one hand, and the uncertainty with the transit of Russian natural gas through gas transmission systems of Ukraine in the near future. More promising is the way to increase the efficiency of the GPU cycle through the use of circuits with preliminary cooling of the compressed gas. The aim of this research is studying the prospects for the application of technology for pre-cooling technological natural gas before compression in a gas pumping unit based on heat-using absorption refrigeration machines. To analyze the effect of pre-cooling of technological natural gas on the compressor stations of main gas pipelines, gas pumping units – GTK-10I were selected. The calculation of GPU power consumption and fuel gas consumption at various temperatures of the process gas at the inlet to the supercharger was performed. The calculation of the operating parameters of the gas pumping unit is performed and the energy and financial prospects of the technology for cooling the process gas before compression in the GPU CS are shown. For the current economic situation (July 2019) in the Ukrainian gas market, the daily decrease in operating costs in standard gas pipelines with a decrease in gas temperature before compression in the gas pumping unit by 20 K ranges from 1800 USD to 3360 USD. A scheme of a recycling plant based on absorption water-ammonia refrigeration machine (AWRM) is proposed, which in the range of initial data allows to reduce the temperature of technological natural gas before compression by 11 ... 13 ° C.
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Zhao, Dan Dan, Hong Bo Hu, Lu Chun Wan, and Bao Huai Zhang. "Theoretical Study on Solar-Driven Air-Cooled LiBr/Water Absorption Refrigeration System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.3.
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In the study, LiBr absorption refrigeration machine runs in the air-cooled condition, combined with temperature and humidity independent control and the air condition end with radiant cooling, improving the system operation mode. Calculation and simulation were carried out to study the performance of the system, and effects of the cooling air inlet temperature and flow rate, refrigerant water outlet temperature on system performance, which will have the important theoretical significance for the development and application of the minitype solar lithium bromide unit.
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Mussati, Sergio, Seyed Mansouri, Krist Gernaey, Tatiana Morosuk, and Miguel Mussati. "Model-Based Cost Optimization of Double-Effect Water-Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigeration Systems." Processes 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010050.
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This work presents optimization results obtained for a double-effect H2O-LiBr absorption refrigeration system considering the total cost as minimization criterion, for a wide range of cooling capacity values. As a model result, the sizes of the process units and the corresponding operating conditions are obtained simultaneously. In this paper, the effectiveness factor of each proposed heat exchanger is considered as a model optimization variable which allows (if beneficial, according to the objective function to be minimized) its deletion from the optimal solution, therefore, helping us to determine the optimal configuration. Several optimization cases considering different target levels of cooling capacity are solved. Among the major results, it was observed that the total cost is considerably reduced when the solution heat exchanger operating at low temperature is deleted compared to the configuration that includes it. Also, it was found that the effect of removing this heat exchanger is comparatively more significant with increasing cooling capacity levels. A reduction of 9.8% in the total cost was obtained for a cooling capacity of 16 kW (11,537.2 $·year−1 vs. 12,794.5 $·year−1), while a reduction of 12% was obtained for a cooling capacity of 100 kW (31,338.1 $·year−1 vs. 35,613.9 $·year−1). The optimization mathematical model presented in this work assists in selecting the optimal process configuration, as well as determining the optimal process unit sizes and operating conditions of refrigeration systems.
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Narayanan, Muthalagappan. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Absorption Cooling for Commercial buildings in India." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.253-262.
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Space cooling and heating always tends to be a major part of the primary energy usage. By using fossil fuel electricity for these purposes, the situation becomes even worse. One of the major electricity consumptions in India is air conditioning. There are a lot of different technologies and few researchers have come up with a debate between solar absorption cooling and PV electric cooling. In a previous paper, PV electric cooling was studied and now as a continuation, this paper focuses on solar thermal absorption cooling systems and their application in commercial/office buildings in India. A typical Indian commercial building is taken for the simulation in TRNSYS. Through this simulation, the feasibility and operational strategy of the system is analysed, after which parametric study and economic analysis of the system is done. When compared with the expenses for a traditional air conditioner unit, this solar absorption cooling will take 13.6 years to pay back and will take 15.5 years to payback the price of itself and there after all the extra money are savings or profit. Although the place chosen for this study is one of the typical tropical place in India, this payback might vary with different places, climate and the cooling demand.Article History: Received May 12th 2017; Received in revised form August 15th 2017; Accepted 1st Sept 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Narayanan, M. (2017). Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Absorption Cooling for Commercial Buildings in India. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(3), 253-262.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.253-262
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SACHDEVA, GULSHAN, VAIBHAV JAIN, and S. S. KACHHWAHA. "ENERGY ANALYSIS OF A VAPOR COMPRESSION SYSTEM CASCADED WITH AMMONIA–WATER ABSORPTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132514500072.
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The first law analysis of a vapor compression–vapor absorption (VC–VA) cascade system is carried out for a wide range of cooling capacity. While ammonia–water is the working pair in VA section, R407C is used in VC section. The influences of change in cooling capacity, superheating and subcooling in the condenser, temperature in the generator, degree of overlap in cascade condenser, size of the heat exchangers etc. on the system performance are investigated. It is concluded that the COP of the VC section of the cascade system could be improved by 146% and the electricity consumption could be reduced by 64% compared to an equivalent VC unit. Separately the results showed the considerable increase in the generator heat when cooling capacity was increased from 83.33 kW. The COP of the cascade system at high cooling capacity is strongly dependent on the performance of condenser.
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Anand, Gopalakrishnan, Donald C. Erickson, and Ellen Makar. "Subfreezing Absorption Refrigeration for Industrial CHP." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500335.
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The design and operation of an advanced absorption refrigeration unit (Thermochiller) as part of an industrial combined heat and power (CHP) system is presented. The unit is installed at a vegetable processing plant in Santa Maria, California. The overall integrated system includes the engine package with waste heat recovery, Thermochiller, cooling tower, and chilling load interface. The unique feature of the system is that both the exhaust and jacket heat are used to supply subfreezing refrigeration. To achieve the low refrigeration temperatures of interest to industrial applications, all components of this integrated system needed careful consideration and optimization. The CHP system has a low emission natural gas-fired 633[Formula: see text]kW reciprocating engine cogeneration package. Both the exhaust heat and jacket heat are recovered and delivered via a hot glycol loop with 105[Formula: see text]C supply temperature and 80[Formula: see text]C return. The 125 ton ammonia absorption chiller (TC125) chills propylene glycol to [Formula: see text]C and has a coefficient of performance of 0.63. TC125 has peak electric demand of 10[Formula: see text]kW for pumps and 8[Formula: see text]kW for the cooling tower fan. The CHP system, including TC125, operates 20[Formula: see text]h per day, six days per week. All operations of TC125 are completely automatic and autonomous, including startups and shutdowns. Industrial refrigeration is typically a 24/7 load and highly energy-intensive. By converting all the engine waste heat to subfreezing refrigeration, Thermochiller brings added value to cogeneration or CHP projects.
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Al-Nimr, Moh'd A., and Basheer Mugdadi. "A hybrid absorption/thermo-electric cooling system driven by a concentrated photovoltaic/thermal unit." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 40 (August 2020): 100769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100769.
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Li, Wen, Jun Hua Wan, Jing Liu, Zu Yi Zheng, and Wen Ming Xu. "Theoretical Analysis of Effects of Solution Heat Exchanger on the Performance of Mixed Absorption Refrigeration Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2521.
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The model of solution heat exchangers of mixed absorption refrigeration cycle was developed. The effects of strong solution temperature difference between inlet and outlet of solution heat exchanger on the coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling water flow rate of mixed absorption refrigeration cycle were analyzed, at the same time, the effects of temperature difference on the unit heat exchange area of counter-flow and cross-flow solution heat exchangers were analyzed. The theoretical analysis results showed that there was an optimal value for the strong solution temperature difference, for the mixed absorption system, the optimal temperature difference was about 12°C, the corresponding COP was 11.2% higher and the cooling water flow rate was 7.8% less than that of system without heat exchanger.
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Портной, Богдан Сергійович. "ВИБІР ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ АПАРАТІВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ В РІЗНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (October 14, 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.06.
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It is proposed the definition of the installed (rational) refrigeration capacity of a waste heat-recovery absorption-ejector chiller that utilizes the heat of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine unite to cool the air at the inlet. Since the effect of air cooling, in particular in the form of a reduction in the specific fuel consumption, depends on its depth (the magnitude of the decrease in air temperature) and duration, it is proposed to determine it by the annual fuel economy. As an example of air cooling at the inlet of a gas turbine unit, the value of reducing specific fuel consumption due to cooling the air at the inlet to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to 10 °C – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (design) refrigeration capacity is analyzed.It is shown that proceeding from the different rate of increment of the annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with the current climatic conditions, it is necessary to choose such design heat load for the air cooling system (installed refrigeration capacity of the chillers), which ensures the achievement of the maximum or close to annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment. In order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which ensures the maximum annual refrigeration capacity (annual production of cold), the dependence of the increment of annual fuel economy from the installed refrigeration capacity is analyzed. Based on the results of the investigation, it was proposed to determine the rational thermal load of the air cooling system (installed - the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment
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Ammar, N. R., and I. S. Sediek. "Thermo-Economic Analysis and Environmental Aspects of Absorption Refrigeration Unit Operation Onboard Marine Vehicles: Ro- Pax Vessel Case Study." Polish Maritime Research 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0100.
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Abstract Marine diesel engines lose a huge amount of fuel heat content in the form of exhaust gas and jacket cooling water, especially onboard high-powered marine vehicles such as Ro-Pax ships. In this paper, the possibility of using the waste heat of marine diesel engines as a source of heat for air conditioning absorption system is investigated. The thermodynamic analysis, in addition to the environmental and economic analysis of the air condition absorption cycle operated with two heat sources using lithium bromide as absorbent, are performed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The last 10 years have seen a steady growth in the passenger ferry and Ro-Pax market, with particularly strong growth in passenger numbers. As a case study, a Ro-Pax vessel operating in the Red Sea area is considered, regarding the profitability of using air conditioning absorption system. The results show specific economic benefits of the jacket cooling water operated absorption refrigeration unit (ARU) over the exhaust gas operated unit, with annual costs of capital money recovery of 51,870 $/year and 54,836 $/year, respectively. Environmentally, applying an ARU machine during cruising will reduce fuel consumption by 104 ton/year. This, in turn, will result in reducing NOx, SOx, and CO2 emissions with cost-effectiveness of 7.73 $/kg, 20.39 $/kg, and 0.13 $/kg, respectively.
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Buck, R., and S. Friedmann. "Solar-Assisted Small Solar Tower Trigeneration Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 4 (March 27, 2007): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2769688.
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Solar-hybrid gas turbine power systems offer a high potential for cost reduction of solar power. Such systems were already demonstrated as test systems. For the market introduction of this technology, microturbines in combination with small solar tower plants are a promising option. The combination of a solarized microturbine with an absorption chiller was studied; the results are presented in this paper. The solar-hybrid trigeneration system consists of a small heliostat field, a receiver unit installed on a tower, a modified microturbine, and an absorption chiller. The components are described, as well as the required modifications for integration to the complete system. Several absorption chiller models were reviewed. System configurations were assessed for technical performance and cost. For a representative site, a system layout was made, using selected industrial components. The annual energy yield in power, cooling, and heat was determined. A cost assessment was made to obtain the cost of electricity and cooling power, and eventually additional heat. Various load situations for electric and cooling power were analyzed. The results indicate promising niche applications for the solar-assisted trigeneration of power, heat, and cooling. The potential for improvements in the system configuration and the components is discussed, also the next steps toward market introduction of such systems.
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Rangel-Hernandez, V., C. Torres, A. Zaleta-Aguilar, and M. Gomez-Martinez. "The Exergy Costs of Electrical Power, Cooling, and Waste Heat from a Hybrid System Based on a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and an Absorption Refrigeration System." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183476.
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This paper applies the Exergy Cost Theory (ECT) to a hybrid system based on a 500 kWe solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and on a vapor-absorption refrigeration (VAR) system. To achieve this, a model comprised of chemical, electrochemical, thermodynamic, and thermoeconomic equations is developed using the software, Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The model is validated against previous works. This approach enables the unit exergy costs (electricity, cooling, and residues) to be computed by a productive structure defined by components, resources, products, and residues. Most importantly, it allows us to know the contribution of the environment and of the residues to the unit exergy cost of the product of the components. Finally, the simulation of different scenarios makes it possible to analyze the impact of stack current density, fuel use, temperature across the stack, and anode gas recirculation on the unit exergy costs of electrical power, cooling, and residues.
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Радченко, Андрій Миколайович, Микола Іванович Радченко, Ян Зонмін, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, and Богдан Сергійович Портной. "ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ В РІЗНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.01.
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The operation of gas turbine unites significantly depends on the ambient air temperature at the inlet, and the higher it is, the greater the specific fuel consumption is spent for the production of a unit capacity (mechanical/electrical energy), and, accordingly, the more harmful substances are removed to the atmosphere with exhaust gases. To reduce the negative impact of unproductive fuel consumption during the operation of gas turbine units at elevated ambient temperatures, the inlet air cooling is applied. The paper studies the ecological efficiency of gas turbine unite inlet air cooling, taking into account the variable climatic operation conditions for regions with different climatic conditions over a period of five years (2014-2018): temperate climate of Ukraine (on the example of cities Sumy and Ternopol) and the subtropical climate of the PRC (cities Beijing and Nanjing). The annual reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide CO2 and nitric oxide NOX was chosen as indicators for assessing the environmental effect of air cooling. It has been shown that deeper cooling gas turbine unite inlet air to 7...10 °C provides almost a half to two times greater reduction in specific fuel consumption, respectively, and harmful emissions compared with traditional cooling to 15 °C by the most widespread absorption lithium-bromide chillers, and for the temperate climate of Ukraine the relative effect is much greater than for the subtropical climatic conditions of the PRC. Reducing carbon dioxide CO2 over five years for the PRC climate when cooling air to 10 °C is approximately more than 500 t, and for Ukraine – more than 240 t, and NOX nitric oxide – about 3.5 t for China and 1.6 t for Ukraine, while with traditional cooling to 15 °C: more than 300 t for China, and for Ukraine about 120 t, and nitric oxide NOX – about 2 t for China and 0.7 t for Ukraine. Based on the results of a rough assessment of the environmental effect of cooling the ambient air at the inlet of gas turbine units, in the temperate climate of Ukraine, deep cooling of the air is especially advisable, which provides almost twice the effect compared with traditional cooling to 15 °C.
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Hashim, Hayder A. M. Hashim, and Haroun A. K. Shahad Shahad. "Photo-degradation Effect on Naphtha Octane Number by Using UV Radiation." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i2.231.
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In this work naphtha is exposed to ultraviolet rays under various conditions namely; UV exposureonly, UV exposure with cooling, UV exposure with cooling and catalyst, UV exposure with Cooling,Catalyst and Oxidant O2 and UV exposure with Catalyst and Oxidant O2 to investigate the bondscracking process (Photo-degradation or photolysis reactions) and its effect on naphtha octane numberwhere several bonds are to be broken due to absorption the high energy of UV radiation. It is expectedthat naphtha octane number should be changed as a result of the Photo-degradation effect. Samples areprepared and treated with various conditions in a UV Reactor unit under prevailing pressure (elevatedpressure). No systematic change in octane number is noticed but the octane number is either decreasesor remains constant. Another technique which the cell unit is used. Samples are prepared and treated inthe cell unit under atmosphere pressure. Three different behaviors of the change in naphtha octanenumber are resulted (decreasing, no change and increasing). Maximum decreasing in octane number is(-11 unit) occurred when naphtha is exposed to UV rays with cooling & TiO2 catalyst in the cell unit ,while the maximum increasing is (5.6 unit) occurred when naphtha is exposed to UV rays with ZnOcatalyst & (2.1 ml/min) O2 feeding in the cell unit. In order to understand this behavior Gaschromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) tests are conducted for some samples before and afterUV exposure to study the changes in chemical composition of naphtha specially the changes inpercentage of compounds that affect the octane number such as: Benzene, Toluene, Isooctane and Pxylene.It is noticed that the percentages of these compounds increased in samples in some tests anddecreased in others. Also Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests are conducted for thesesamples before and after exposure to find the eliminated or created chemical bonds or functional groupsof these bonds.
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Vicatos, G., and A. Bennett. "Multiple lift tube pumps boost refrigeration capacity in absorption plants." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3396.
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The technology of the diffusion absorption refriger-ator is receiving renewed attention due to its ability to use exclusively, low-grade heat to produce cool-ing or heating. Its capacity, however, has been large-ly restricted to small domestic-type units because of the flow rate limitations imposed by its single lift-tube pump. To increase its refrigeration capacity, a multiple lift-tube bubble pump can be used, in order to increase the volume flow rates of the fluids, which are directly related to the amount of refriger-ant produced. Testing on a diffusion absorption plant using a multiple lift tube bubble pump, and the effects of additional tubes on the system’s per-formance have been recorded. Although a full range of heat inputs could not be implemented, because of the limitations of the components of the unit itself, it was observed that the refrigeration cooling capacity was increased without a significant drop in Coefficient of Performance (COP). It was concluded that the multiple lift tube bubble pump has no limitation to the fluid flow rate and depends solely on the amount of heat input. This gives the freedom to design the lift tube pump according to the refrigeration demand of the unit, and not the other way round which is the current approach by the manufacturers world wide.
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Yamamoto, Hideki, Seiji Sanga, and Junji Tokunaga. "Performance test of absorption air-cooling unit using ammonium bromide-ammonia and ammonium iodide-ammonia systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 26, no. 11 (November 1987): 2389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00071a036.
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Lounissi, Dorra, and Nahla Bouaziz. "Exergetic analysis of an absorption/compression refrigeration unit based on R124/DMAC mixture for solar cooling." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 13 (March 2017): 8940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.082.
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Ghyadh, Nabeel A., Salman H. Hammadi, and Haroun A. K. Shahad. "Using solar collector unit in a methanol-water vapor absorption cooling system under iraqi environmental conditions." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 22 (December 2020): 100749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100749.
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Butt, Iftikhar Bashir, Jinwang Tan, Adeel Waqas, Majid Ali, Adeel Javed, and Asfand Yar Ali. "Effect of Modified Flow Schemes of Heat Transfer Fluid on the Performance of a Solar Absorption–Cooling System for an Educational Building in Pakistan." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093327.
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Performance of solar absorption cooling systems (SACS) is the focus of contemporary studies for decreasing the electrical energy consumption of buildings as the conventional cooling system of buildings is the main consumer of electrical energy during the summer season in hot–humid climates. In this study, the performance analysis of SACS by manipulating different flow schemes to the heat transfer fluid between different components of the system was performed. TRNSYS model of SACS in an education building located at the city of Peshawar (34.00 N, 71.54 E), Pakistan to encounter the peak cooling load of 108 kW (during operating hours of the building i.e., 09 a.m. to 05 p.m.) is developed and all possible flow schemes of heat transfer fluid between the system’s components were compared. In Scheme-1 (S-1), a conventional flow pattern is used in which the hot water exiting from the chiller unit flows directly toward the stratified thermal storage unit. In Scheme-2 (S-2), the modified flow pattern of hot water exiting from the chiller unit will divert towards the auxiliary unit, if its temperature exceeds the temperature at the hot side outlet of the tank. Another modified flow pattern is Scheme-3 (S-3) in which the hot water leaving the chiller to keep diverting towards the auxiliary unit unless the outlet temperature from the hotter side of the tank would reach the minimum driving temperature (109 °C) of the chiller’s operation. Simulations in TRNSYS evaluates the SACS’s performance of all the schemes (conventional and modified) for the whole summer season and for each month. In general, S-3 with evacuated tube solar collector results in better primary energy saving with the smallest collector area per kilowatt for achieving 50% primary energy saving for the whole summer season.
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Liang, Youcai, Zhibin Yu, and Wenguang Li. "A Waste Heat-Driven Cooling System Based on Combined Organic Rankine and Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204242.
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In this paper, a heat driven cooling system that essentially integrated an organic Rankine cycle power plant with a vapour compression cycle refrigerator was investigated, aiming to provide an alternative to absorption refrigeration systems. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem recovered energy from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines to produce mechanical power. Through a transmission unit, the produced mechanical power was directly used to drive the compressor of the vapour compression cycle system to produce a refrigeration effect. Unlike the bulky vapour absorption cooling system, both the ORC power plant and vapour compression refrigerator could be scaled down to a few kilowatts, opening the possibility for developing a small-scale waste heat-driven cooling system that can be widely applied for waste heat recovery from large internal combustion engines of refrigerated ships, lorries, and trains. In this paper, a model was firstly established to simulate the proposed concept, on the basis of which it was optimized to identify the optimum operation condition. The results showed that the proposed concept is very promising for the development of heat-driven cooling systems for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines’ exhaust gas.
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Zhu, Hong Mei, Heng Sun, and Tian Quan Pan. "Theoretical Study of the Operation Performance of a Natural Gas CCHP System under Variable Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1765.
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A theoretical study of the performance of a CCHP system using natural gas as fuel which consists of gas turbine-steam turbine combined cycle, absorption refrigeration unit and exhaust heat boiler under variable loads was carried out. Two methods to adjust the electric and cooling loads are employed here. One method is to increase the outlet pressure of the steam turbine in the Rankine cycle. Another way is to change the air coefficient of the gas turbine. The calculation results show that the first method can obtain higher energy efficient and is the preferred method. The second way can be employed in case that further more cooling is required.
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JĘDRA, Sylwester, and Adam SMYK. "Trigeneration system based on medium power gas engine." Combustion Engines 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117343.
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One of the possibilities of increase of energy and economic efficiency of a small combined heat and power plant is its operation in trigeneration system, in which the conventional system of cogeneration heat and electric power production is widened by a cooling production system. Technical description and characteristics of the set of gas engine plus absorption unit as well as its technological diagram is presented. Performances and limitations of the gas engine are given. Needs for heat, cooling and electric power of a user are described. Total capital and operating costs are estimated and technical and economic conditions for the positive economic efficiency of the trigeneration system are evaluated.
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Yabase, Hajime, and Akira Hirai. "Solar Air-Conditioning System Using Single-Double Effect Combined Absorption Chiller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (August 2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.133.
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We developed a single-double effect combined absorption chiller for "Solar air-conditioning system" . This chiller is composed of a highly-efficient gas absorption chiller as a main machine which are equipped with a solar heat recovery unit comprising a heat recovery heat exchanger and special condenser. It enables low temp. solar hot water at 75°C under operation at the cooling rating of load factor: 100%. And we constructed the demonstration plant in Japan. We confirmed that the solar heat priority usage function and gas-based backup function operate properly and overall system functions normally. In summer, fuel gas reduction by 10% could be achieved and the results as estimated were obtained.
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Oswald, Courtney, and Emiel DenHartog. "Transient heat loss analysis of fabrics using a dynamic sweating guarded hot plate protocol." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (November 13, 2019): 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519888257.
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Moisture management is important for the human comfort of clothing, especially while perspiring. Ideally, the fabric chosen for a garment enables moisture to migrate away from the skin surface, facilitating the liquid to be evaporated into the surrounding environment, which causes a cooling sensation for the wearer. This process is influenced by factors such as fiber type, fabric construction, and fabric treatments, all of which impact the resulting wicking and moisture management properties of the fabric. This research explored the heat loss associated with combined water absorption, wicking, and evaporative cooling during wetting of fabrics. A dynamic sweating guarded hot plate was used to measure transitional heat loss as water was introduced at a steady rate over a 65-minute testing period. The results on a cotton and polyester blend fabric as well as a wool fabric indicated that the liquid water absorption and transport processes significantly influence heat loss properties during this transition. However, the results also show novel aspects in the efficiency of cooling associated with the wicking of sweat and different stages of wetting of fabrics leading to different cooling power. Furthermore, this method raises questions as to whether current sweating guarded hot plate technologies are an appropriate representation of human sweat production or that the scalability of sweat production per unit area is limited. This developed testing method can be successful in quantifying the differences in transitional heat loss and will enable testing of fabrics for comfort in changing conditions.
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Javanshir, Nima, Seyed Mahmoudi S. M., M. Akbari Kordlar, and Marc A. Rosen. "Energy and Cost Analysis and Optimization of a Geothermal-Based Cogeneration Cycle Using an Ammonia-Water Solution: Thermodynamic and Thermoeconomic Viewpoints." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020484.
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A cogeneration cycle for electric power and refrigeration, using an ammonia-water solution as a working fluid and the geothermal hot water as a heat source, is proposed and investigated. The system is a combination of a modified Kalina cycle (KC) which produces power and an absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) that generates cooling. Geothermal water is supplied to both the KC boiler and the ARC generator. The system is analyzed from thermodynamic and economic viewpoints, utilizing Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. In addition, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effects of decision parameters on the cycle performance. Furthermore, the system performance is optimized for either maximizing the exergy efficiency (EOD case) or minimizing the total product unit cost (COD case). In the EOD case the exergy efficiency and total product unit cost, respectively, are calculated as 34.7% and 15.8$/GJ. In the COD case the exergy efficiency and total product unit cost are calculated as 29.8% and 15.0$/GJ. In this case, the cooling unit cost, c p , c o o l i n g , and power unit cost, c p , p o w e r , are achieved as 3.9 and 11.1$/GJ. These values are 20.4% and 13.2% less than those obtained when the two products are produced separately by the ARC and KC, respectively. The thermoeconomic analysis identifies the more important components, such as the turbine and absorbers, for modification to improve the cost-effectiveness of the system.
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Sun, Heng, Hong Mei Zhu, and Hong Wei Liu. "Process Simulations of the Cold Recovery Unit in a LNG CCHP System with Different Power Cycles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3026.
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A CCHP system using LNG as the primary energy should integrate cold recovery unit to increase the total energy efficiency. A scheme of CCHP consisting of gas turbine-steam turbine combined cycle, absorption refrigeration unit, cold recovery unit and cooling media system is a system with high efficiency and operation flexibility. Three different power cycles using the cold energy of LNG is(are 或 were) presented and simulated. The results show that the cascade Rankine power cycle using ethylene and propane in the two cycles respectively has highest energy efficiency. However, the unit is most complex. The efficiency of ethylene Rankine power cycle is little lower than the cascade one, and is much higher than the traditional propane Rankine cycle. The complexity of ethylene cycle is identical to that of the propane cycle. The ethylene Rankine power cycle is the referred method of cold recovery in a CCHP system based on overall considerations.
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MOSER, HARALD, and RENÉ RIEBERER. "FIRST AND SECOND LAW ANALYSIS OF A LABORATORY AMMONIA/WATER ABSORPTION HEAT PUMP." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 18, no. 02 (June 2010): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132510000253.
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At the Institute of Thermal Engineering, a small-capacity ammonia/water absorption heat pumping unit with about 5 kW cooling capacity has been constructed and tested in the laboratory. For all heat exchangers, standard plate heat exchangers have been used. The heat pump has been designed to operate in a wide operating range in order to enable different temperature levels for ice production, residential cooling, and heating applications. To identify potential for improvements, a thermodynamic analysis using both the first and the second law of thermodynamics has been carried out in order to locate irreversibilities associated with inefficient processes and to calculate the exergy loss of each component. Therefore the exergy losses of the main components have been separated into one part which is caused by the heat transfer and another part which originates from internal irreversibilities, e.g., from mixing processes. Furthermore, sensitivity calculations have been performed by varying the temperature levels of the heat sources and the heat sink in order to investigate the different component losses at different operating conditions. The results show that the component exergy losses depend particular on the temperature level of both the heat sources and the heat sink. At low temperature lifts, the exergy losses of the absorber and generator are dominant and with increasing temperature lift, the exergy losses of the dephlegmator and the rectification column become considerable.