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Academic literature on the topic 'Absorptionskyla'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Absorptionskyla"
Pauline, Ekoff, and Lund Johanna. "Absorptionskyla i Linköpings energisystem : kompressorkyla vs absorptionskyla." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7098.
Full textHuvudsyftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka potentialen för värmedriven kylproduktion, dvs. absorptionskyla, i Linköpings energisystem. Bakgrunden är att många energibolag söker efter nya avsättningsområden för fjärrvärme pga. det överskott på värme som finns sommartid i energisystem med kraftvärme. Dessutom förväntas elpriserna fortsätta stiga då Sverige med stor sannolikhet kommer att följa resten av Europa och gå från ett energidimensionerat system till ett effektdimensionerat system. Till följd av detta blir energieffektiviserande åtgärder allt viktigare och absorptionskyla innebär att mer el kan produceras i ett system med kraftvärme, istället för att konsumeras.
Det finns två typer av absorptionskylmaskiner (ABS) tillgängliga på marknaden, antingen har de fjärrvärme eller ånga som drivmedel. Den typ av ABS som drivs av fjärrvärme lämpar sig för produktion av komfortkyla, dvs. kyla som inte behöver komma ned till så låga temperaturer. Ångdriven ABS kan däremot komma ned till lägre temperaturer, något som kan passa vid processkyla. En förutsättning för absorptionskyla är tillgång till billig värme/ånga. Tekniska Verken har tack vare avfallsförbränning tillgång till billig värme. Ångan i systemet produceras däremot idag med olja och el, något som gör det dyrare att generera absorptionskyla med hjälp av ånga.
En fallstudie utfördes på de två industrierna Linköpingsmejeriet och Swedish Meats där anslutningsmöjligheterna för absorptionskyla undersöktes. Främst behovet av processkyla har undersökts då det var betydligt större än behovet av komfortkyla. Ett antal fall med olika förutsättningar för att tillgodose dessa kylbehov till de båda industrierna har simulerats i MODEST. Utifrån de resultat som erhållits har följande slutsatser dragits.
• I dagsläget finns inte tillräckligt med ångproduktion i systemet för att tillgodose både det befintliga ångbehovet samt den mängd ånga som behövs för att framställa kylan.
• En investering i nya biopannor till ett kraftvärmeverk kan ge tillräcklig mängd billig ånga och värme för att ge lönsamhet i värmedriven kylproduktion.
• Koldioxidutsläppen, lokala såväl som globala, minskar som en följd av övergång från el-kompressorer till absorptionskylmaskiner. En investering i nya biopannor skulle minska utsläppen ytterligare, då fossilt bränsle ersätts.
• En investering i en litiumbromid absorptionskylmaskin är inte lönsam vid en så pass liten efterfråga som har varit aktuellt i de undersökta fallen.
The main purpose of this thesis has been to look in to the potential of a production of district cooling using heat as the source of power, i.e. absorptions cooling, in the energy system of Linköping. In the light of the fact that many energy companies are looking for new markets for district heating due to the surplus of heat in the summertime in an energy system with CHP (Combined Heat and Power). Furthermore, the price on electricity is expected to continue to rise since Sweden is most likely to follow Europe’s lead and embrace a power dimensioned energy system. As a result of that transition, energy efficient measures will be more important and absorption cooling implies that more electricity can be produced, instead of consumed, in a CHP system.
There are two different types of absorption cooling machines available in the market, with either district heating or steam as the source of power. A machine using district heating as the source of power is most suitable to produce comfort cooling i.e. the cold does not need to attain such low temperatures. A steam driven absorption cooling machine is able to attain the very low temperatures needed for cooling used in the processing industry. A condition for absorption cooling is the access to low-cost heat/steam. Tekniska Verken (an energy company) has due to waste incineration access to low-cost heat. The steam in the energy system is produced with oil and electricity, which makes it more expensive to generate absorption cooling with steam as the power source.
A casestudy was preformed at two industries in Linköping, Linköpingsmejeriet and Swedish Meats, where the possibility for connection of district cooling was examined. Mainly the cooling needed in the processing industry has been examined as this is need is considerably larger than the need for comfort cooling. A number of cases with different conditions for producing district cooling have been simulated in MODEST. The following conclusions have been drawn based on the results of the simulations.
• In the energy system of today there is not enough steam production to fulfil both the current need for steam and the amount of steam needed for cooling production.
• An investment in new CHP-plants using biomass fuels will generate enough heat and steam to be profitable for cooling production using heat as a source of power.
• The emission of carbon dioxide will decrease as a result of the transmission from compression cooling to absorption cooling. The emission will decrease further if an investment in new CHP plants with biomass fuels is carried out. This will then replace the use of fossil fuels.
• An investment in lithium bromide absorptions cooler will not be profitable with such a small demand as the one in question.
Fältström, Mattias, and Mikael Ferdinandsson. "Förutsättningar för absorptionskyla : Examensarbete på Öresundskraft." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25705.
Full textThe cooling demand increases in Sweden despite the cold climate, which could cause the increase of district cooling. District cooling is a centralized cooling system with multiple benefits such as safer operations, reduced failures and removal of rumbling that will otherwise occur in local cooling systems. That’s why the absorption chiller is becoming more and more interesting to incorporate indistrict heating.The purpose of this report is to give the company Öresundskraft the technical and economic conditions for absorption cooling in Helsingborg. The main goal with the report have been to investigate: which temperature from the district heating system will be used for the absorptions chiller, how the coefficient of performance affects the conditions of absorption chiller, different dimensions for absorption chiller, different placement options for absorption chiller, if the existing cool water storage tank can be used in the future, is it profitable to invest in an absorption plant. The main goal questions have been answered through interviews, compilation and calculation of data, examination of research literature and other literature. Conclusions the authors were able to find is that the absorption chiller should be sized to 2,2 MW and it should be placed on Västhamnsverket. Under the conditions that there was access to cheap heat and only operating during the summer the result to invest in an absorption plant was profitable.
Boman, Johan. "Fjärrvärmedriven absorptionskyla i Hedemora och Säter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296968.
Full textStrömqvist, Bodil. "Fjärrvärmedriven Absorptionskyla : En ekonomisk undersökning av olika spetslösningar." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42412.
Full textKarlsson, Victor. "Pyrolysintegration i kraftvärmeverk : Utnyttjande av kondenseringsvärme för fjärrkyleproduktion." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33322.
Full textThe pursuit of a sustainable society has been one of the most important aspects in the 21st century. The big problem is how to achieve this goal. The use of fossil fuels must be reduced, but which energy source should be used to replace it? Biomass has played a significant role in the reduction of fossil fuels used for heating purposes. With new technology its importance may be even greater. Fast pyrolysis is a process where a bio oil, called pyrolysis oil, is produced by the degradation of biomass. This process requires external heat, which makes it suitable to integrate with a combined heat and power plant. The problem of combined heat and power plants are its minimal operational during the summer. A pyrolysis integration would increase the use of the facility. The pyrolysis oil that is extracted can replace fossil fuels used in boilers and turbines. It can also be upgraded to bio-diesel, but currently that process is too costly. The pyrolysis integration would get maximum production during the summer months. During the same period the cooling demand is increased. During the summer cooling load is covered largely of refrigerating compressors run on electricity. A sustainable society means that the right kind of energy is utilized. Using the high-quality form of energy electricity for comfort is not sustainable. The absorption refrigeration cycle is a chiller similar to a refrigeration compressor, with the major difference that it runs on low-temperature water. The pyrolysis process requires one or more condensers in order to extract pyrolysis oil. When the pyrolysis oil condenses low temperature heat is produced. This condensation heat can be used to drive an absorption chiller, which simplified converts heat to cold, with minimal need for electricity. The pyrolysis integration with district cooling production would produce heat, electricity, pyrolysis oil and cooling, all originating from biomass. The result from the study shows potential. A cogeneration plant with a combustion boiler steam output of 80 MW has been studied and three different cases were investigated. The first case maximizes the production of pyrolysis oil and produces 78 000 tonnes of pyrolysis oil / year and district cooling equivalent to 11 GWh. The second case maximizes the district cooling production and produces 37 GWh of district cooling and pyrolysis oil equivalent to 68 000 tonnes / year. The last study provides a more balanced production of 74 000 tons of pyrolysis oil / year and 22 GWh of district cooling. Future studies should investigate how the cooling effect varies during the day in an attempt to further improve the efficiency of the plant. The liquefaction behavior of pyrolysis oil derived from biomass originating from Scandinavia should also be investigated further.
Ternström, Johan. "Kylapotentialen i Drefviken för Vattenfall Heat AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-241668.
Full textStrömsten, Marcus. "Förutsättningar för absorptionskyla i Härnösand : En undersökning av tekniken samt en investeringskalkyl." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28637.
Full textThis study examines the absorption cooling technology in order to find the prerequisites of absorption cooling in Härnösand. An investment appraisal has been completed to ensure profitability. Mainly, a literature review has been conducted and the net present value decision rule has been used for the investment appraisal and product specifications have been requested from the main global suppliers. The result shows that there are essentially two absorption chillers commercialized in the market, one of which is applicable for decentralized cooling production in a district heating network at temperatures around 75 °C, and the second which is applicable for temperatures in the range of 120-150 °C and thus not suitable for decentralized cooling production. Research and development for more advanced techniques is ongoing and the investment appraisal shows that the profitability is depending on the size of the chiller unit and the selling price for the cooling energy. The conclusion is that a sale proposal and a motivation are needed on why the customer should choose to have their cooling delivered from an absorption chiller instead of a compressor chiller.
Jonsson, Erik, and Erik Ingvarsson. "Isproduktion genom absorptionskyla vid Linköpings ishall : Samt kylning av ishallens kompressorkylmaskiner genom fjärrkyla." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152659.
Full textJosefin, Sundström. "Lokala lösningar för komfortkyla i Luleå : En teknoekonomisk jämförelse mellan fjärrvärmedriven absorptionskyla och solelsdriven kompressorkyla." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85905.
Full textJönsson, Yvette, and Erik Magnusson. "New Possibilities with Old Technique : a Feasibility Study of Absorption Cooling in Örebro District Cooling Network." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11209.
Full textE.ON Värme in Örebro produces electricity and delivers heat and cooling to customers in the region. The Åby Plant operates as a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and runs mostly on different biofuels. A new boiler and turbine is projected for the plant and will start operating fully during year 2012. This creates new possibilities for the existing small scale district cooling production. The number of cooling subscribers is today low and the power output is approximately 7.7 MW but has a great potential of growing in the future. Higher electricity prices, due to the deregulated electricity market and growing environmental concerns motivate the use of district cooling. Cooling production at E.ON Värme in Örebro today comes from modified heat pumps with low efficiency and free cooling. The idea is to replace the heat pumps with either new compression cooling machines, absorption cooling machines (ACM) or a mixture of both. This thesis analyzes possible benefits with the use of heat driven cooling i.e. absorption cooling compared with conventional compression cooling.
Excess heat from electricity generation in CHP plants is often a problem during the warm period of the year. Normally most of the heat is distributed to industries and households for heating. However, during the summer, the demand for district heating is low which constrain electricity production. The absorption technique utilizes heat as fuel and increases electricity generation during warm periods. This together with a decrease in electricity consumption has positive effects on the environment since it reduces electricity produced in plants controlling margin production. Those plants are most often coal condense plants with high emissions of fossil CO2.
Most scientists believe that CO2 emissions from human activities are the main cause to the increasing greenhouse effect. The importance of reducing CO2 emissions is therefore high and is one of the motives for district cooling based on ACM that replaces small local electricity driven chillers. Since the Åby plant uses mostly biofuels the contribution of fossil CO2 is low.
ACM utilizes heat as fuel, therefore the positive effects related to ACM are fairly obvious when the electricity price and the demand for cooling are high. To analyze and optimize the energy system in Örebro, a model was created in the program MODEST, which is software developed at Linköping Institute of Technology. Optimizations with different cooling demands and electricity prices have been made. The cooling production mix is split up in two scenarios, a visionary scenario where no restrictions are considered and a restricted scenario with restricted ACM capacity. The results have been gathered and analyzed and supports the common statements about absorption cooling.
A simulation of the visionary scenario with unrestricted ACM capacity together with the highest cooling demand (20 MW) and the highest electricity prices (European prices), gave an annual decrease in global CO2 emissions of 9 400 tonnes compared to a scenario with only compression cooling machines. Furthermore, the system running cost was almost 9 MSEK lower on an annual basis. In the restricted scenario, a pay-off analysis shows that the additional costs due to ACM is covered by the lower system cost in less than 3 years when the electricity prices are as forecasted for 2012-2015. All the simulations where absorption cooling was a part of the energy system gave positive results both from an economical and environmental point of view.