Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abstracting and indexing'

The last decade has seen an unprecedented flood of material coming into archival repositories. As a result, there is a great need for procedures which provide a high degree of intellectual control over records. One such procedure is the indexing of archival materials. An archival index provides access to a large number of name and subject terms, without being bound by the traditional archival structures dictated by provenance. This process has not traditionally been widely understood by archivists, but it is important to grasp the fundamental principles of archival indexing, as well as the problems and issues that follow. This is especially true in a period when methods of automated information processing have reached new levels of sophistication. This thesis is an exploration of these problems and issues. The place of indexing in a complete system of archival description is established, and the process defended as a valid part of archival retrieval. The thesis also offers guidelines for conducting the actual indexing process, and making several basic decisions faced by archival indexers with regard to the implementation of indexing in an archival descriptive system. In addition, the merits of such alternative methods as controlled-vocabulary and uncontrolled-vocabulary indexing, and coordination of desired terms before and after index creation, are weighed, and the positive and negative aspects of certain recently-developed systems evaluated. The thesis concludes by stating ways in which archivists must re-evaluate the indexing process for it to be used effectively in the future.
Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate

Explores different ways that organizational moves and other discourse elements such as hedging are reflected in graduate student research abstracts for theses, dissertations and research articles. Master's thesis abstracts from five disciplines at California State University, San Bernardino were analyzed. Rhetorical conventions in these texts that reflect the epistemological and social expectations of the writers' academic communities were explored. Results indicate that these abstracts use a variety of hedging patterns and many of the moves that have been described for published research articles.

The music periodical literature of the 19th century has largely remained unavailable to musical scholarship due to a lack of adequate indexing. While several indexing efforts have been attempted in the past century, that proposed by the recently established Répertoire international de la presse musicale du dix-neuviéme siécle (RIPMxix) sets itself apart by its comprehensiveness and its use of computer technology. This thesis tests the new system by preparing a prototype RIPMxix Series A catalogue of a major 19th-century French music journal, La Chronique Musicale (1873-1876). The prototype is in five parts: 1) a Title Catalogue, or chronological checklist of the titles, authors and pagination of all sections in the journal; 2) an Iconography Appendix, listing the captions, dimensions and pagination of all iconography in the journal; 3) a List of Variants, giving alternate pagination references in copies of the journal held by selected major institutions; 4) a Keyword Index of important words contained in article titling; and 5) an Author Index. The indexing of La Chronique Musicale was carried out according to the regulations established in the RIPMxix Series A Guidelines, incorporating minor improvements in presentation, and adjudicating certain indexing situations not addressed in them. A data entry system was developed and the typescript catalogue was entered into computer file space. Detailed formatting based on the general design presented in the RIPMxix Series A Guidelines was specified for the Title Catalogue, Iconography Appendix and List of Variants. To produce the remaining portions of the prototype (viz., the Keyword and Author Indexes), design options were studied, specific designs adopted and detailed formatting established. Production of the prototype involved the development of three computer programmes: a single programme for the Title Catalogue, Iconography Appendix and List of Variants; a separate programme for the Keyword Index; and a third programme for the Author Index. It is concluded that the title-derivative approach taken by the RIPMxix system is a valid one, and suggestions are made for further research.
Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate

This study investigates the relationships between the use of a zoom tool, the terms they supply to describe the image, and the type of image being viewed. Participants were assigned to two groups, one with access to the tool and one without, and were asked to supply terms to describe forty images, divided into four categories: landscape, portrait, news, and cityscape. The terms provided by participants were categorized according to models proposed in earlier image studies. Findings of the study suggest that there was not a significant difference in the number of terms supplied in relation to access to the tool, but a large variety in use of the tool was demonstrated by the participants. The study shows that there are differences in the level of meaning of the terms supplied in some of the models. The type of image being viewed was related to the number of zooms and relationships between the type of image and the number of terms supplied as well as their level of meaning in the various models from previous studies exist. The results of this study provide further insight into how people think about images and how the manipulation of those images may affect the terms they assign to describe images. The inclusion of these tools in search and retrieval scenarios may affect the outcome of the process and the more collection managers know about how people interact with images will improve their ability to provide access to the growing amount of pictorial information.

The purpose of dissertation is to utilize connotative messages for enhancing image retrieval and browsing. By adopting semiotics as a theoretical tool, this study explores problems of image retrieval and proposes an image retrieval model. The semiotics approach conceptually demonstrates that: 1) a fundamental reason for the dissonance between retrieved images and user needs is representation of connotative messages, and 2) the image retrieval model which makes use of denotative index terms is able to facilitate users to browse connotatively related images effectively even when the users' needs are potentially expressed in the form of denotative query. Two experiments are performed for verifying the semiotic-based image retrieval model and evaluating the effectiveness of the model. As data sources, 5,199 records are collected from Artefacts Canada: Humanities by Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the candidate terms of connotation and denotation are extracted from Art & Architecture Thesaurus. The first experiment, by applying term association measures, verifies that the connotative messages of an image can be derived from denotative messages of the image. The second experiment reveals that the association thesaurus which is constructed based on the associations between connotation and denotation facilitates assigning connotative terms to image documents. In addition, the result of relevant judgments presents that the association thesaurus improves the relative recall of retrieved image documents as well as the relative recall of browsing sets. This study concludes that the association thesaurus indicating associations between connotation and denotation is able to improve the accessibility of the connotative messages. The results of the study are hoped to contribute to the conceptual knowledge of image retrieval by providing understandings of connotative messages within an image and to the practical design of image retrieval system by proposing an association thesaurus which can supplement the limitations of the current content-based image retrieval systems (CBIR).

Subject access to images is a major issue for image collections. Research is needed to understand how indexing and tagging contribute to make the subjects of historic photographs accessible. This thesis firstly investigates the evidence of cognitive dissonance between indexers and users in the way they attribute subjects to historic photographs, and, secondly, how indexers and users might work together to enhance subject description. It analyses how current indexing and social tagging represent the subject content of historic photographs. It also suggests a practical way indexers can work with taggers to deal with the classic problem of resource constraints and to enhance metadata to make photo collections more accessible. In an original application of the Shatford/Panofsky classification matrix within the applications domain of historic images, patterns of subject attribution are explored between taggers and professional indexers. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage (Studies A to D) investigated how professional indexers and taggers represent the subject content of historic photographs and revealed differences based on Shatford/Panofsky. The indexers (Study A) demonstrated a propensity for specific and generic subjects and almost complete avoidance of abstracts. In contrast, a pilot study with users (Study B) and with baseline taggers (Studies C and D) showed their propensity for generics and equal inclination to specifics and abstracts. The evidence supports the conclusion that indexers and users approach the subject content of historic photographs differently, demonstrating cognitive dissonance, a conflict between how they appear to think about and interpret images. The second stage (Study E) demonstrated that an online training intervention affected tagging behaviour. The intervention resulted in increased tagging and fuller representation of all subject facets according to the Shatford/Panofsky classification matrix. The evidence showed that trained taggers tagged more generic and abstract facets than untrained taggers. Importantly, this suggests that training supports the annotation of the higher levels of subject content and so potentially provides enhanced intellectual access. The research demonstrated a practical way institutions can work with taggers to extend the representation of subject content in historic photographs. Improved subject description is critical for intellectual access and retrieval in the cultural heritage space. Through systematic application of the training method a richer corpus of descriptors might be created that enhances machine based information retrieval via automatic extraction.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We present DEADLINER, a special-purpose search engine that indexes conference and workshop announcements, and which extracts a range of academic information from the Web. SVMs provide an efficient and highly accurate mechanism for obtaining relevant web documents. DEADLINER currently extracts speakers, locations (e.g. countries), dates, paper submission (and other) deadlines, topics, program committees, abstracts, and affiliations. Complex and detailed searches are possible on these fields. The niche search engine was constructed by employing a methodology for rapid implementation of specialised search engines. Bayesian integration of simple extractors provides this methodology, that avoids complex hand-tuned text extraction methods. The simple extractors exploit loose formatting and keyword conventions. The Bayesian framework further produces a search engine where each user can control each fields false alarm rate in an intuitive and rigorous fashion, thus providing easy-to-use metadata.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons stel DEADLINER bekend: 'n soekmasjien wat konferensie en werkvergaderingsaankondigings katalogiseer en wat uiteindelik 'n wye reeks akademiese byeenkomsmateriaal sal monitor en onttrek uit die Web. DEAD LINER herken en onttrek tans sprekers, plekke (bv. landname), datums, o.a. sperdatums vir die inlewering van akademiese verrigtings, onderwerpe, programkomiteë, oorsigte of opsommings, en affiliasies. 'n Grondige soek is moontlik oor en deur hierdie velde. Die nissoekmasjien is gebou deur gebruik te maak van 'n metodologie vir die vinnige oprigting van spesialiteitsoekmasjiene. Die metodologie vermy komplekse instelling m.b.v. hande-arbeid van die teksuittreksels deur gebruik te maak van Bayesiese integrering van eenvoudige ontsluiters. Die ontsluiters buit dan styl- en gewoonte-sleutelwoorde uit. Die Bayesiese raamwerk skep hierdeur 'n soekmasjien wat gebruikers toelaat om elke veld se kans om verkeerd te kies op 'n intuïtiewe en deeglike manier te beheer.

Recent advances in telecommunications, collaborated with the development of image and video processing and acquisition devices has lead to a spectacular growth of the amount of the visual content data stored, transmitted and exchanged over Internet. Within this context, elaborating efficient tools to access, browse and retrieve video content has become a crucial challenge. In Chapter 2 we introduce and validate a novel shot boundary detection algorithm able to identify abrupt and gradual transitions. The technique is based on an enhanced graph partition model, combined with a multi-resolution analysis and a non-linear filtering operation. The global computational complexity is reduced by implementing a two-pass approach strategy. In Chapter 3 the video abstraction problem is considered. In our case, we have developed a keyframe representation system that extracts a variable number of images from each detected shot, depending on the visual content variation. The Chapter 4 deals with the issue of high level semantic segmentation into scenes. Here, a novel scene/DVD chapter detection method is introduced and validated. Spatio-temporal coherent shots are clustered into the same scene based on a set of temporal constraints, adaptive thresholds and neutralized shots. Chapter 5 considers the issue of object detection and segmentation. Here we introduce a novel spatio-temporal visual saliency system based on: region contrast, interest points correspondence, geometric transforms, motion classes' estimation and regions temporal consistency. The proposed technique is extended on 3D videos by representing the stereoscopic perception as a 2D video and its associated depth

Les progrès récents en matière de télécommunications, collaboré avec le développement des dispositifs d'acquisition d’images et de vidéos a conduit à une croissance spectaculaire de la quantité des données vidéo stockées, transmises et échangées sur l’Internet. Dans ce contexte, l'élaboration d'outils efficaces pour accéder aux éléments d’information présents dans le contenu vidéo est devenue un enjeu crucial. Dans le Chapitre 2 nous introduisons un nouvel algorithme pour la détection de changement de plans vidéo. La technique est basée sur la partition des graphes combinée avec une analyse multi-résolution et d'une opération de filtrage non-linéaire. La complexité globale de calcul est réduite par l’application d'une stratégie deux passes. Dans le Chapitre 3 le problème d’abstraction automatique est considéré. Dans notre cas, nous avons adopté un système de représentation image-clés qui extrait un nombre variable d'images de chaque plan vidéo détecté, en fonction de la variation du contenu visuel. Le Chapitre 4 traite la segmentation de haut niveau sémantique. En exploitant l'observation que les plans vidéo appartenant à la même scène ont les mêmes caractéristiques visuelles, nous introduisons un nouvel algorithme de regroupement avec contraintes temporelles, qui utilise le seuillage adaptatif et les plans vidéo neutralisés. Dans le Chapitre 5 nous abordons le thème de détection d’objets vidéo saillants. Dans ce contexte, nous avons introduit une nouvelle approche pour modéliser l'attention spatio-temporelle utilisant : la correspondance entre les points d'intérêt, les transformations géométriques et l’estimation des classes de mouvement
Recent advances in telecommunications, collaborated with the development of image and video processing and acquisition devices has lead to a spectacular growth of the amount of the visual content data stored, transmitted and exchanged over Internet. Within this context, elaborating efficient tools to access, browse and retrieve video content has become a crucial challenge. In Chapter 2 we introduce and validate a novel shot boundary detection algorithm able to identify abrupt and gradual transitions. The technique is based on an enhanced graph partition model, combined with a multi-resolution analysis and a non-linear filtering operation. The global computational complexity is reduced by implementing a two-pass approach strategy. In Chapter 3 the video abstraction problem is considered. In our case, we have developed a keyframe representation system that extracts a variable number of images from each detected shot, depending on the visual content variation. The Chapter 4 deals with the issue of high level semantic segmentation into scenes. Here, a novel scene/DVD chapter detection method is introduced and validated. Spatio-temporal coherent shots are clustered into the same scene based on a set of temporal constraints, adaptive thresholds and neutralized shots. Chapter 5 considers the issue of object detection and segmentation. Here we introduce a novel spatio-temporal visual saliency system based on: region contrast, interest points correspondence, geometric transforms, motion classes’ estimation and regions temporal consistency. The proposed technique is extended on 3D videos by representing the stereoscopic perception as a 2D video and its associated depth

The advent of smart TVs has reshaped the TV-consumer interaction by combining TVs with mobile-like applications and access to the Internet. However, consumers are still unable to seamlessly interact with the contents being streamed. An example of such limitation is TV shopping, in which a consumer makes a purchase of a product or item displayed in the current TV show. Currently, consumers can only stop the current show and attempt to find a similar item in the Web or an actual store. It would be more convenient if the consumer could interact with the TV to purchase interesting items. Towards the realization of TV shopping, this dissertation proposes a scalable multimedia content processing framework. Two main challenges in TV shopping are addressed: the efficient detection of products in the content stream, and the retrieval of similar products given a consumer-selected product. The proposed framework consists of three components. The first component performs computational and temporal aware multimedia abstraction to select a reduced number of frames that summarize the important information in the video stream. By both reducing the number of frames and taking into account the computational cost of the subsequent detection phase, this component component allows the efficient detection of products in the stream. The second component realizes the detection phase. It executes scalable product detection using multi-cue optimization. Additional information cues are formulated into an optimization problem that allows the detection of complex products, i.e., those that do not have a rigid form and can appear in various poses. After the second component identifies products in the video stream, the consumer can select an interesting one for which similar ones must be located in a product database. To this end, the third component of the framework consists of an efficient, multi-dimensional, tree-based indexing method for multimedia databases. The proposed index mechanism serves as the backbone of the search. Moreover, it is able to efficiently bridge the semantic gap and perception subjectivity issues during the retrieval process to provide more relevant results.

Web databases, commonly known as search engines or web directories, are currently the most useful way to search the Internet. In this article, the author draws from library literature to develop a series of questions that can be used to analyze these web searching tools. Six popular web databases are analyzed using this method. Using this analysis, the author creates three categories for web databases and explores the most appropriate searches to perform with each. The work concludes with a proposal for the ideal web database.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Surveillance videos are recorded continually and the retrieval of such videos currently still relies on human operators. Automatic retrieval has not reached a satisfactory accuracy. As an intermediate representation, this work develops multiple original temporal profiles of video to convey accurate temporal information in the video while keeping certain spatial characteristics. These are effective methods to visualizes surveillance video contents efficiently in a 2D temporal image, suitable for indexing and retrieving a large video database. We are aiming to provide a compact index that is intuitive and preserves most of the information in the video in order to avoid browsing extensive video clips frame by frame. By considering some of the properties of static surveillance videos, we aim at accentuating the temporal dimension in our visualization. We have introduced our framework as three unique methods that visualize different aspects of a surveillance video, plus an extension to non-static surveillance videos. In our first method "Localized Temporal Profile", by knowing that most surveillance videos are monitoring specific locations, we try to emphasize the other dimension, time, in our solution. we focus on describing all the events only in critical locations of the video. In our next method "Multi-Position Temporal Profile", we generate an all-inclusive profile that covers all the events in the video field of view. In our last method "Motion Temporal Profile" we perform in-depth analysis of scene motion and try to handle targets with non-uniform, non-translational motion in our temporal profile. We then further extend our framework by loosening the constraint that the video is static and including cameras with smooth panning motion as such videos are widely used in practice. By performing motion analysis on the camera, we stabilize the camera to create a panorama-like effect for the video, allowing us to utilize all of the aforementioned methods. The resulting profiles allows temporal indexing to each video frame, and contains all spatial information in a continuous manner. It also shows the actions and progress of events in the temporal profile. Flexible browsing and effective manipulation of videos can be achieved using the resulting video profiles.

We demonstrate four novel multimodal methods for efficient video summarization and comprehensive cross-cultural news video understanding. First, For video quick browsing, we demonstrate a multimedia event recounting system. Based on nine people-oriented design principles, it summarizes YouTube-like videos into short visual segments (812sec) and textual words (less than 10 terms). In the 2013 Trecvid Multimedia Event Recounting competition, this system placed first in recognition time efficiency, while remaining above average in description accuracy. Secondly, we demonstrate the summarization of large amounts of online international news videos. In order to understand an international event such as Ebola virus, AirAsia Flight 8501 and Zika virus comprehensively, we present a novel and efficient constrained tensor factorization algorithm that first represents a video archive of multimedia news stories concerning a news event as a sparse tensor of order 4. The dimensions correspond to extracted visual memes, verbal tags, time periods, and cultures. The iterative algorithm approximately but accurately extracts coherent quad-clusters, each of which represents a significant summary of an important independent aspect of the news event. We give examples of quad-clusters extracted from tensors with at least 108 entries derived from international news coverage. We show the method is fast, can be tuned to give preferences to any subset of its four dimensions, and exceeds three existing methods in performance. Thirdly, noting that the co-occurrence of visual memes and tags in our summarization result is sparse, we show how to model cross-cultural visual meme influence based on normalized PageRank, which more accurately captures the rates at which visual memes are reposted in a specified time period in a specified culture. Lastly, we establish the correspondences of videos and text descriptions in different cultures by reliable visual cues, detect culture-specific tags for visual memes and then annotate videos in a cultural settings. Starting with any video with less text or no text in one culture (say, US), we select candidate annotations in the text of another culture (say, China) to annotate US video. Through analyzing the similarity of images annotated by those candidates, we can derive a set of proper tags from the viewpoints of another culture (China). We illustrate cultural-based annotation examples by segments of international news. We evaluate the generated tags by cross-cultural tag frequency, tag precision, and user studies.

by Jacqueline, Wai-ting Wong.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109).
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
List of Tables --- p.viii
List of Figures --- p.ix
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Chinese Information Processing --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Chinese Word Segmentation --- p.7
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Statistical Method --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Probabilistic Method --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Linguistic Method --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Automatic Indexing --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Title Indexing --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Free-Text Searching --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Citation Indexing --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Information Retrieval Systems --- p.13
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Users' Assessment of IRS --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.15
Chapter 3 --- Survey on Classification --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Text Classification --- p.17
Chapter 3.2 --- Survey on Classification Schemes --- p.18
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Commonly Used Classification Systems --- p.18
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Classification of Newspapers --- p.31
Chapter 3.3 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.37
Chapter 4 --- System Models and the ACTION Algorithm --- p.38
Chapter 4.1 --- Factors Affecting Systems Performance --- p.38
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Specificity --- p.39
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Exhaustivity --- p.40
Chapter 4.2 --- Assumptions and Scope --- p.42
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Assumptions --- p.42
Chapter 4.2.2 --- System Scope ´ؤ Data Flow Diagrams --- p.44
Chapter 4.3 --- System Models --- p.48
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Article --- p.48
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Matching Table --- p.49
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Forest --- p.51
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Matching --- p.53
Chapter 4.4 --- Classification Rules --- p.54
Chapter 4.5 --- The ACTION Algorithm --- p.56
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Algorithm Design Objectives --- p.56
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Measuring Node Significance --- p.56
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Pseudocodes --- p.61
Chapter 4.6 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.64
Chapter 5 --- Analysis of Results and Validation --- p.66
Chapter 5.1 --- Seeking for Exhaustivity Rather Than Specificity --- p.67
Chapter 5.1.1 --- The News Article --- p.67
Chapter 5.1.2 --- The Matching Results --- p.68
Chapter 5.1.3 --- The Keyword Values --- p.68
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Analysis of Classification Results --- p.71
Chapter 5.2 --- Catering for Hierarchical Relationships Between Classes and Subclasses --- p.72
Chapter 5.2.1 --- The News Article --- p.72
Chapter 5.2.2 --- The Matching Results --- p.73
Chapter 5.2.3 --- The Keyword Values --- p.74
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Analysis of Classification Results --- p.75
Chapter 5.3 --- A Representative With Zero Occurrence --- p.78
Chapter 5.3.1 --- The News Article --- p.78
Chapter 5.3.2 --- The Matching Results --- p.79
Chapter 5.3.3 --- The Keyword Values --- p.80
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Analysis of Classification Results --- p.81
Chapter 5.4 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.83
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Classification Results with Highest Occurrence Frequency --- p.83
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Classification Results with Zero Occurrence Frequency --- p.85
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Distribution of Classification Results on Level Numbers --- p.86
Chapter 5.5 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.87
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Advantageous Characteristics of ACTION --- p.88
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.93
Chapter 6.1 --- Perspectives in Document Representation --- p.93
Chapter 6.2 --- Classification Schemes --- p.95
Chapter 6.3 --- Classification System Model --- p.95
Chapter 6.4 --- The ACTION Algorithm --- p.96
Chapter 6.5 --- Advantageous Characteristics of the ACTION Algorithm --- p.96
Chapter 6.6 --- Testing and Validating the ACTION algorithm --- p.98
Chapter 6.7 --- Future Work --- p.99
Chapter 6.8 --- A Final Remark --- p.100
Chapter A --- System Models --- p.102
Chapter B --- Classification Rules --- p.104
Chapter C --- Node Significance Definitions --- p.105
References --- p.107

M.Bibl. (Information Studies)
Traditionally it is part of the library or information service to provide clients with access to current and relevant information through current awareness services. It is part of the information professional's task to apply new technology and necessary services to the advantage of the clients. The purpose of this study was to establish, by means of empirical research, the effectiveness of CoMIC - an abstracting journal service currently provided to the mining industry. Other institutions providing a similar abstracting journal service should be able to use this methodology as a basis when evaluating their own service. Both a literature survey (to gain basic information about current awareness services in general and more specifically abstracting journals) and a postal questionnaire (to establish clients' opinions about the CoMIC service) were used during the study. From the literature survey it was established that the use of an effective current awareness service holds a variety of advantages. There are however also a few problems associated with the provision of current awareness services. These problems are surpassable providing the necessary precautions are taken in time. The criteria to which abstracting journals are to adhere were established. The purpose of the questionnaire was to give clients the oportunity to express their personal views with regard to the CoMIC service. The most important information extrapolated from the questionnaire was that respondents were satisfied with most aspects of the service. Recommendations with regard to alleviating a few minor problems were provided. After an analysis of the research results, it was concluded that CoMIC should be classified as an effective abstracting journal service.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
A massive amount of videos are uploaded on video websites, smooth video browsing, editing, retrieval, and summarization are demanded. Most of the videos employ several types of camera operations for expanding field of view, emphasizing events, and expressing cinematic effect. To digest heterogeneous videos in video websites and databases, video clips are profiled to 2D image scroll containing both spatial and temporal information for video preview. The video profile is visually continuous, compact, scalable, and indexing to each frame. This work analyzes the camera kinematics including zoom, translation, and rotation, and categorize camera actions as their combinations. An automatic video summarization framework is proposed and developed. After conventional video clip segmentation and video segmentation for smooth camera operations, the global flow field under all camera actions has been investigated for profiling various types of video. A new algorithm has been designed to extract the major flow direction and convergence factor using condensed images. Then this work proposes a uniform scheme to segment video clips and sections, sample video volume across the major flow, compute flow convergence factor, in order to obtain an intrinsic scene space less influenced by the camera ego-motion. The motion blur technique has also been used to render dynamic targets in the profile. The resulting profile of video can be displayed in a video track to guide the access to video frames, help video editing, and facilitate the applications such as surveillance, visual archiving of environment, video retrieval, and online video preview.